JP2008277134A - Metal oxidation reduction device, and metal oxidation reduction method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an oxidation reduction device capable of effectively recovering (reducing) a metallic nature (characteristics) in a circuit deteriorated from its original nature (characteristic) due to an oxidizing action. <P>SOLUTION: The metal oxidation reduction device can cope with at least various kinds of metal forming the circuit, and has a predesignated amplitude and pulse interval so as to make an electron emitting phenomenon occur on the basis of a tunneling effect in metal, and generates an application pulse PP having a pulse width of 700 nanosecond or less, that is a femtosecond order width. The generated application pulse PP is applied to the metal in the circuit. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention belongs to the technical field of a metal oxidation state reduction apparatus and a metal oxidation state reduction method, and more specifically, a metal that has formed a circuit and has been oxidized or a substance attached to the metal is reduced by the reduction action. The present invention belongs to the technical field of a metal oxidation state reduction apparatus and a metal oxidation state reduction method for restoring a state.

  Conventionally, for example, deterioration of sound quality due to oxidation of a speaker cord connecting a speaker and an amplifier, and impurities (specifically, lead sulfide (sulfation)) due to oxidation action in positive and negative electrodes of a lead storage battery Disadvantages caused by oxidation in metals, such as a decrease in discharge performance due to the deposition of, are widely known.

  However, conventionally, no method has been found for suppressing or effectively recovering (reducing) the oxidation action of the metal.

  More specifically, for example, in the case of the speaker cord, there has been no other coping method for exchanging the cord itself in the case of oxidation due to aging. In addition, so-called oxygen-free copper may be used as a speaker cord wire to suppress the original oxidation action, but in this case, the speaker cord itself becomes extremely expensive and is a fundamental solution on the premise of popularization. It was not.

  On the other hand, in the case of the lead storage battery, for example, as in Patent Document 1 or 2 below, a method of applying a pulsed current having a large pulse width and amplitude to each electrode on which impurities are deposited may be employed. This is based on the principle that the impurities are physically peeled off from each electrode by an impact caused by the application of the pulse. In the case of this method, the impurities peeled off from each electrode may be deposited in sulfuric acid without being decomposed, or the impurities may be left without being peeled off sufficiently from each electrode. There was a problem that the performance could not be recovered.

Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and the problem is that the properties (characteristics) of the metal in the circuit whose properties (characteristics) have deteriorated from the original due to oxidation are effective. An object of the present invention is to provide a metal oxidation state reduction device and a metal oxidation state reduction method that can be recovered (reduced).
JP 2000-156247 A JP 2000-323188 A

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 has an amplitude which is set in advance so as to correspond to at least the kind of metal constituting the circuit and to cause an electron emission phenomenon due to a tunnel effect in the metal. Generating means such as an oscillator and a waveform shaping circuit for generating a pulse signal having a pulse width and a pulse interval; and applying means such as a waveform shaping circuit for applying the generated pulse signal to a metal in the circuit; Is provided.

  Therefore, since a pulse signal is applied so as to cause an electron emission phenomenon due to the tunnel effect in the metal, it is possible to effectively and reliably supply electrons that cause a reduction action to recover characteristic deterioration due to oxidation. The action can be promoted.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention according to claim 2 is configured such that in the metal oxidation state reduction device according to claim 1, the pulse width is 700 nanoseconds or less.

  Therefore, since the pulse width of the pulse signal is 700 nanoseconds or less, the reduction action can be more effectively promoted.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention according to claim 3 is the metal oxidation state reduction apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the generating means sets the pulse interval to 12,000 pulses / second. The pulse signal is generated with the interval set to be shorter than the corresponding interval.

  Therefore, since continuous pulses are applied at extremely short intervals, the reduction action can be further promoted by causing the electron emission phenomenon to occur continuously in a short time.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention according to claim 4 is the metal oxidation state reduction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the generation unit generates a positive pulse and a negative pulse. It is configured to generate the pulse signal alternately.

  Therefore, since the pulse signal including the positive pulse and the negative pulse alternately is continuously applied, the reduction action can be further promoted.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention according to claim 5 is the metal oxidation state reduction device according to claim 4, wherein the generation unit shifts the positive pulse and the negative pulse on a time axis. However, the pulse signals are generated alternately.

  Therefore, since the positive pulse and the negative pulse are alternately generated while being shifted on the time axis to obtain a pulse signal, the reduction action can be further promoted.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 6 is the metal oxidation state reduction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the generating means generates only a positive pulse. The pulse signal is configured.

  Therefore, since only a positive pulse is used as a pulse signal, the reduction action can be promoted with a simple configuration.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention according to claim 7 is the metal oxidation state reduction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the generation unit generates only a negative pulse. The pulse signal is configured.

  Therefore, since only a negative pulse is used as a pulse signal, the reduction action can be promoted with a simple configuration.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 8 is the metal oxidation state reduction device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the circuit forms a closed circuit, The applying means is configured to apply the generated pulse signal to a part of the closed circuit.

  Therefore, since the circuit is a closed circuit and a pulse signal is applied to a part of the circuit, the applied pulse signal circulates in the closed circuit while being attenuated, and the reduction action is further promoted. It becomes.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 9 has an amplitude which is set in advance so as to correspond to at least the kind of metal constituting the circuit and to cause an electron emission phenomenon due to a tunnel effect in the metal. A generating step of generating a pulse signal having a pulse width and a pulse interval, and an applying step of applying the generated pulse signal to the metal in the circuit.

  Therefore, since a pulse signal is applied so as to cause an electron emission phenomenon due to the tunnel effect in the metal, it is possible to effectively and reliably supply electrons that cause a reduction action to recover characteristic deterioration due to oxidation. The action can be promoted.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention according to claim 10 is configured such that in the metal oxidation state reduction method according to claim 8, the pulse width is 700 nanoseconds or less.

  Therefore, since the pulse width of the pulse signal is 700 nanoseconds or less, the reduction action can be more effectively promoted.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 11 is the metal oxidation state reduction method according to claim 9 or 10, wherein in the generation step, the pulse interval is set to 12,000 pulses / second. The pulse signal is generated by setting the interval to be shorter than the interval corresponding to.

  Therefore, since continuous pulses are applied at extremely short intervals, the reduction action can be further promoted by causing the electron emission phenomenon to occur continuously in a short time.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention according to claim 12 is the metal oxidation state reduction method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein in the generation step, a positive pulse, a negative pulse, Are alternately generated to form the pulse signal.

  Therefore, since the pulse signal including the positive pulse and the negative pulse alternately is continuously applied, the reduction action can be further promoted.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 13 is the metal oxidation state reduction method according to claim 12, wherein in the generation step, the positive pulse and the negative pulse are on the time axis. The pulse signals are generated by being alternately generated while being shifted.

  Therefore, since the positive pulse and the negative pulse are alternately generated while being shifted on the time axis to obtain a pulse signal, the reduction action can be further promoted.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention described in claim 14 is the metal oxidation state reduction method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein only the positive pulse is generated in the generation step. The pulse signal is configured.

  Therefore, since only a positive pulse is used as a pulse signal, the reduction action can be promoted with a simple configuration.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, the invention according to claim 15 is the metal oxidation state reduction method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein only the negative pulse is generated in the generation step. The pulse signal is configured.

  Therefore, since only a negative pulse is used as a pulse signal, the reduction action can be promoted with a simple configuration.

  In order to solve the above problem, the invention according to claim 16 is the metal oxidation state reduction method according to any one of claims 9 to 15, wherein the circuit forms a closed circuit, and The applying step is configured to apply the generated pulse signal to a part of the closed circuit.

  Therefore, since the circuit is a closed circuit and a pulse signal is applied to a part of the circuit, the applied pulse signal circulates in the closed circuit while being attenuated, and the reduction action is further promoted. It becomes.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the pulse signal is applied so as to cause the electron emission phenomenon due to the tunnel effect in the metal constituting the circuit, the electron causing the reduction action for recovering the characteristic deterioration due to oxidation. It is possible to promote the reduction action by effectively and reliably supplying.

  Therefore, by promoting the recovery of the original function of the metal by the reduction action, it can greatly contribute to energy saving, effective use of resources, improvement of characteristics, and the like.

  According to the invention described in claim 2, in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 1, since the pulse width of the pulse signal is 700 nanoseconds or less, the reduction action can be more effectively promoted. it can.

  According to the invention described in claim 3, in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 1 or 2, since the continuous pulse is applied at an extremely short interval, the electron emission phenomenon occurs continuously in a short time. By doing so, the reduction action can be further promoted.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, in addition to the effect of the invention described in any one of claims 1 to 3, a pulse signal including alternating positive pulses and negative pulses is continuously applied. Therefore, the reduction action can be further promoted.

  According to the invention described in claim 5, in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 4, since the positive pulse and the negative pulse are alternately generated while being shifted on the time axis, the pulse signal is generated. The action can be further promoted.

  According to the invention described in claim 6, in addition to the effect of the invention described in any one of claims 1 to 3, since the pulse signal is generated only by the positive pulse, the reduction action can be achieved with a simple configuration. Can be promoted.

  According to the invention described in claim 7, in addition to the effect of the invention described in any one of claims 1 to 3, since the pulse signal is formed by only a negative pulse, the reduction action can be achieved with a simple configuration. Can be promoted.

  According to the invention described in claim 8, in addition to the effect of the invention described in any one of claims 1 to 7, the circuit is a closed circuit, and a pulse signal is applied to a part thereof. The applied pulse signal is circulated through the closed circuit while being attenuated, and the reduction action is further promoted.

  According to the ninth aspect of the invention, since the pulse signal is applied so as to cause the electron emission phenomenon due to the tunnel effect in the metal constituting the circuit, the electrons causing the reduction action for recovering the characteristic deterioration due to oxidation. It is possible to promote the reduction action by effectively and reliably supplying.

  Therefore, by promoting the recovery of the original function of the metal by the reduction action, it can greatly contribute to energy saving, effective use of resources, improvement of characteristics, and the like.

  According to the invention of claim 10, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 9, since the pulse width of the pulse signal is 700 nanoseconds or less, the reduction action can be more effectively promoted. it can.

  According to the invention described in claim 11, in addition to the effect of the invention described in claim 9 or 10, since a continuous pulse is applied at an extremely short interval, the electron emission phenomenon occurs continuously in a short time. By doing so, the reduction action can be further promoted.

  According to the invention of claim 12, in addition to the effect of the invention of any one of claims 9 to 11, a pulse signal including alternating positive pulses and negative pulses is continuously applied. Therefore, the reduction action can be further promoted.

  According to the invention of claim 13, in addition to the effect of the invention of claim 12, since the positive pulse and the negative pulse are alternately generated while being shifted on the time axis, the pulse signal is obtained. The action can be further promoted.

  According to the invention described in claim 14, in addition to the effect of the invention described in any one of claims 9 to 11, since the pulse signal is generated only by the positive pulse, the reduction action can be achieved with a simple configuration. Can be promoted.

  According to the fifteenth aspect of the invention, in addition to the effect of the invention according to any one of the ninth to eleventh aspects, since only a negative pulse is used as a pulse signal, the reduction action can be achieved with a simple configuration. Can be promoted.

  According to the invention described in claim 16, in addition to the effect of the invention described in any one of claims 9 to 15, the circuit is a closed circuit, and a pulse signal is applied to a part thereof. The applied pulse signal circulates in the closed circuit while being attenuated, and the reduction action is further promoted.

  Next, the best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, each embodiment described below is the performance recovery (first embodiment) of the lead storage battery in which the discharge performance has deteriorated due to the deposition of lead sulfide (sulfation) on the surface due to the oxidation action, and the oxidation over time. In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to the performance recovery (second embodiment) of the speaker cord made of copper in which copper oxide has been contained in the surface and inside due to the action.

(I) Principle of the present invention Before describing specific embodiments, the principle of common present invention to the embodiments will be described where the inventor of the present application is consideration.

In the present invention, the pulse width is 700 nanoseconds for a circuit including positive and negative electrodes of a lead storage battery as a circuit (in the case of the first embodiment) or a circuit including a speaker and an amplifier (in the case of the second embodiment). Thereafter, pulses of femtosecond order ( ^10-15 seconds order) are continuously applied to cause an electron emission phenomenon by a so-called tunnel effect in the metal constituting each circuit.

  Here, the electron emission phenomenon due to the tunnel effect is an atom (in the case of the first embodiment, a metal atom constituting each electrode of the lead storage battery, and in the case of the second embodiment, a circuit including a speaker or the like is configured. When the electrons that make up the metal atoms receive strong energy from the outside by an electrical pulse signal, the kinetic energy increases and penetrates the wall of the energy potential surrounding the atoms (ie, due to the tunnel effect). The phenomenon that is released.

  In the present invention, by the emitted electrons, impurities adhering to the metal constituting each circuit according to each embodiment are decomposed by a reducing action (in the case of the first embodiment) or oxidized. Thus, the metal whose performance is deteriorated is reduced and reformed (in the case of the second embodiment).

  That is, in the present invention, first, an original pulse having a pulse width of 700 nanoseconds or less is generated in the order of femtoseconds, and each original pulse is sharply applied as shown in FIG. It is applied to each circuit as PP (pulse width T). At this time, the pulse amplitude and the pulse interval of the applied pulse PP are effectively reduced according to the nature of the metal constituting the circuit to which the pulse is applied and the type and composition of the impurity to be decomposed. The possible pulse amplitude and pulse interval are experimentally obtained in advance. Then, an impurity oxidized by the electrons emitted by the tunnel effect resulting from the application of the applied pulse PP (in the case of the first embodiment) or an oxidized portion of the metal constituting the circuit (second embodiment) (In the case of form) is reduced to improve the properties before oxidation.

  At this time, when the circuit is a closed circuit, one applied pulse PP is transmitted through the closed circuit, so that when viewed at the same location in the circuit, FIG. As illustrated, the applied pulse PR continuously passes through the portion while being attenuated. Thereby, the electron emission phenomenon due to the tunnel effect occurs continuously (every time one pulse PR is currencyd) in the same place. And the reduction effect | action which concerns on this invention is exhibited effectively, when the said electron emission phenomenon occurs continuously.

In addition, when the principle described above is viewed from another viewpoint, the present invention has a frequency of about 10 ^{6 to} 10 ⁸ hertz (10 nanometers to 1 micrometer in terms of wavelength) (more preferably, (10 nm to 800 nm in terms of wavelength) is applied to each circuit, and an electromagnetic field is formed in each circuit so that the respective electronic states are excited (that is, the inside of the circuit is not rusted (not oxidized)). It is characterized in that an electron emission state is formed by maintaining the inside of the circuit.

  Here, as long as a pulse having the above-described frequency or wavelength is present and held in each circuit, the applied pulse can be regarded as a set of electronic harmonic oscillators in the entire frequency range. And when the inside of the circuit is excited as an electronic harmonic oscillator, it causes the spontaneous emission of electrons, and this spontaneously emitted electrons are considered to cause the reduction action according to the present invention.

  Even if there is a portion that is not excited in the circuit due to so-called pulse fluctuations, it is considered that spontaneous emission of electrons is also caused in that portion.

  For reference, when the excitation as the above-mentioned electronic harmonic oscillator is interpreted based on the so-called photon concept, all the electronic harmonic oscillators are quantized, and the oscillator with the frequency ν is excited to the energy level n. Then, the excitation is interpreted as n photons having energies of h × ν (h is Planck's constant). In this case, even if no photon is present, it can be understood that the electronic harmonic oscillator has zero energy.

(II) First Embodiment Next, a first embodiment based on the above-described principle of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the metal oxidation state reduction device according to the first embodiment. FIGS. 3 and 4 are diagrams when the metal oxidation state reduction device is attached to the lead storage battery according to the first embodiment. It is an outline perspective view which illustrates each attachment method.

  In the first embodiment described below, the present invention is applied to a metal oxidation state reducing device for decomposing and removing lead sulfide attached to each electrode in the lead storage battery by using the lead storage battery as described above. It is the applied embodiment.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the metal oxidation state reduction device S according to the first embodiment includes a reference voltage generator 1 as a generation unit, an oscillator 2, and a waveform shaping circuit 3 as a generation unit and an application unit. , Is configured.

  In this configuration, the reference voltage generator 1 generates a voltage signal that serves as a reference (particularly a reference for its amplitude) for generating the above-described original pulse in the oscillator 2, and is generated in the reference voltage generator 1. The reference voltage thus output is output to the oscillator 2.

  Next, the oscillator 2 to which the reference voltage is input has a pulse width and a pulse width that are set in advance (that is, optimized) corresponding to the lead storage battery that is a target of metal state reduction according to the first embodiment. Similarly, an original pulse having a pulse amplitude is generated at a preset pulse interval.

  Then, the waveform shaping circuit 3 to which the original pulse is input is a sharp pulse that is set in advance corresponding to the lead storage battery that is the target of the metal oxidation state reduction according to the first embodiment based on the original pulse. An applied pulse PP shown in FIG. 1A having a waveform (pulse width T) and a pulse amplitude is similarly generated at a preset pulse interval and continuously output to the positive output terminal. Here, the waveform of the applied pulse PP on the point A in FIG. 2 is the applied pulse PP shown in FIG.

Thereby, in each electrode to which the application pulse PP is continuously applied, an electron emission phenomenon occurs based on the above-described principle, and the lead sulfide (PbSO ₄ ) as an impurity attached to each electrode The emitted electrons (e ⁻ ) are applied and, as a result,
PbSO ₄ + 2e ⁻ → Pb + SO ₄ ²⁻
This reduction reaction occurs, the lead sulfide is decomposed, and the characteristics of lead as an electrode material are restored (refreshed) to the original state.

Note that the preferable pulse width T as the applied pulse PP according to the first embodiment is more specifically about 700 × 2 and about 1 × 10 ⁻¹⁵ seconds, and the amplitude of the applied pulse PP. Is preferably about 10 millivolts or less, and the interval between the applied pulses PP is considered to be preferably shorter than the interval corresponding to about 12,000 pulses / second. These pulse width T, amplitude, and pulse interval can be appropriately changed as long as the tunnel effect according to the present invention can occur. More specifically, the interval is, for example, an interval shorter than an interval corresponding to about 13,000 pulses / second, an interval shorter than an interval corresponding to about 16,000 pulses / second, or 16,000 pulses. An interval shorter than an interval equivalent to about 1 / second, an interval shorter than an interval equivalent to about 18,000 pulses / second, an interval shorter than an interval equivalent to about 20,000 pulses / second, or an equivalent to about 40,000 pulses / second It is preferable to select an appropriate one of the intervals shorter than the interval according to the contents of the circuit to be modified.

  However, when the pulse width T exceeds 1 μsec, the interface between the lead sulfate film and the electrode is thermally vibrated, and as a result, most of the film peels off without being dissolved and is not suitable. Further, if the pulse interval is too short (in other words, too much as the number of pulses), heat may be generated. Therefore, the pulse interval is appropriately set in consideration of the balance with the heat generation. Furthermore, as the amplitude is too small, the lead sulfate film cannot be decomposed. On the other hand, when the amplitude is too large, heat is generated and adversely affected.

  Further, in order to attach the metal oxidation state reduction device S according to the first embodiment to an actual lead storage battery, it is only necessary to simply connect the metal oxidation state reduction device S to the electrode of the lead storage battery, and the specific means is appropriately selected. can do. For example, in the case of a lead storage battery mounted on a passenger car, bus, truck, etc., a cigarette connector as shown in FIG. 3 can be used. Furthermore, you may attach the positive / negative terminal shown in FIG. 4 directly to a lead acid battery using a screw.

  As described above, according to the operation of the metal oxidation state reduction device S according to the first embodiment, the applied pulse PP is applied so as to cause the electron emission phenomenon due to the tunnel effect at each electrode in the lead storage battery. By effectively and reliably supplying electrons that cause a reduction action for recovering the characteristic deterioration caused by the reduction, the reduction action can be promoted.

  Therefore, by promoting the recovery of the original function of the electrode due to the reduction action, energy saving and effective use of resources, improvement of the characteristics of the lead storage battery itself, etc. due to the extension of the period until the replacement of the lead storage battery, etc. Can contribute greatly.

  In addition, since the pulse width T of the applied pulse PP is set to the femtosecond order of 700 nanoseconds or less, the electron emission phenomenon can be effectively caused.

  Furthermore, since a continuous pulse is applied at an extremely short interval, the reduction action can be further promoted by the occurrence of the electron emission phenomenon continuously in a short time.

  Furthermore, as illustrated in FIG. 1A, since the application pulse PP including alternating positive pulses and negative pulses is continuously applied, the reduction action can be further promoted.

  In addition, since the circuit including the lead storage battery is a closed circuit, and the applied pulse PP is applied to a part of the circuit, the applied pulse PP circulates in the closed circuit while being attenuated. The above reducing action is further promoted.

  In addition, as a remarkable effect according to the first embodiment specialized for the lead-acid battery, lead sulfide is decomposed and removed by a reducing action, so that the lead sulfate film is peeled off and dropped from each electrode as usual, It will not float in the electrolyte as it is.

  Furthermore, since each of the applied pulses PP necessary for generating the reduction action according to the first embodiment is applied for a very short time, the electrodes themselves are not damaged and almost no electrical noise is generated. Therefore, there is no adverse effect on the outside of the lead storage battery.

  Furthermore, since the generation of Joule heat due to the attached lead sulfide is suppressed, the electrodes are not distorted, and it is possible to prevent the lead-acid battery from being drained by heat.

  In addition, as a power supply of the metal oxidation state reduction device S itself according to the first embodiment, an external power supply may be provided separately, but it is preferable to use the lead storage battery itself that is an attachment target (reduction target) as the power supply. . In this case, it is possible to effectively prevent the lead sulfate film from adhering to the electrode by constantly consuming the minute electric power of the lead storage battery.

  Furthermore, it is preferable to perform further charging in parallel with the application of the applied pulse PP to the lead storage battery or after the application of the applied pulse PP. As a result, the re-dissolved lead ions are reduced by the applied pulse PP and regenerated on the original electrodes as lead or lead dioxide. As a result, the electrolyte specific gravity returns to the initial appropriate value, and the performance of the lead storage battery itself can be rapidly recovered.

  Furthermore, as a lead storage battery capable of decomposing lead sulfate by the metal oxidation state reducing apparatus S according to the first embodiment, the pulse width T, the amplitude and the pulse interval of the applied pulse PP are optimized, so that the passenger car , Trucks, buses, yachts, motor boats, fishing boats, ships, agricultural equipment, construction tools, construction machinery, electric forklifts, electric carts including golf carts, cleaning sweepers, electric wheelchairs Or a backup power source for facilities such as hospitals, banks, communication facilities, etc., and lead storage batteries for emergency radio such as police and firefighting, but are not limited to these.

(III) Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment, which is another embodiment based on the principle of the present invention described above, will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 according to the first embodiment. To do.

  In the second embodiment described below, the sound quality is obtained by oxidizing the metal (for example, copper constituting the speaker cord) constituting the circuit including the speaker and the amplifier (hereinafter simply referred to as an acoustic circuit) as described above. This embodiment is an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to a metal oxidation state reduction device for improving the characteristics (that is, reduction) of the oxidized metal when the deterioration of the metal has occurred.

  Note that the schematic configuration of the metal oxidation state reduction device according to the second embodiment is the same as that of the metal oxidation state reduction device S according to the first embodiment, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The waveform of the applied pulse PP applied from the metal oxidation state reducing device according to the second embodiment is basically the same as that according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. At this time, the metal oxidation state reduction device according to the second embodiment is preset (that is, optimized) corresponding to copper or the like to be subjected to metal oxidation state reduction according to the second embodiment. Similarly, an original pulse having a pulse width and a pulse amplitude is generated at a preset pulse interval to obtain an applied pulse PP (pulse width T), which is continuously output to the positive output terminal.

Thereby, in the circuit to which the applied pulse PP is continuously applied, an electron emission phenomenon occurs based on the above-described principle, and the oxidized atom (for example, CuO) in copper or the like constituting the acoustic circuit is applied to the circuit. The emitted electrons (e ⁻ ) are applied and, as a result,
CuO + 2e ⁻ → Cu + O ²⁻
As a result of the reduction reaction, the copper oxide is reduced, and the characteristics of copper as the cord material are restored (refreshed) to the original state.

In addition, the preferable pulse width T as the applied pulse PP according to the second embodiment is more preferably about 700 × 2 and about 1 × 10 ⁻¹⁵ seconds, and the amplitude of the applied pulse PP. Is preferably about 20 millivolts (for example, when a speaker with a rated output of about 80 watts and an impedance of about 8 ohms is connected), and the interval between applied pulses PP is about 10,000 to 100,000 pulses / second. Is considered suitable.

  Further, in order to insert the metal oxidation state reduction device according to the second embodiment into an actual acoustic circuit, the metal oxidation state reduction device may be simply connected to any position in the circuit, and its specific means For example, the positive and negative terminals shown in FIG. 4 may be directly attached to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of the speaker using screws.

  As described above, according to the operation of the metal oxidation state reducing apparatus according to the second embodiment, the applied pulse PP is applied so as to cause the electron emission phenomenon due to the tunnel effect in each wire material constituting the acoustic circuit. The reduction action can be promoted by effectively and reliably supplying electrons that cause a reduction action for recovering characteristic deterioration due to oxidation.

  Therefore, by promoting the recovery of the original function as the wire material by the reduction action, energy saving and effective use of resources as well as the effective utilization of resources and prevention of an increase in applied voltage due to functional deterioration as the wire material and the acoustic circuit itself It can greatly contribute to the improvement of the characteristics of.

  In addition, since the pulse width T of the applied pulse PP is set to the femtosecond order of 700 nanoseconds or less, the electron emission phenomenon can be effectively caused.

  Furthermore, since a continuous pulse is applied at an extremely short interval, the reduction action can be further promoted by the occurrence of the electron emission phenomenon continuously in a short time.

  Furthermore, as illustrated in FIG. 1A, since the application pulse PP including alternating positive pulses and negative pulses is continuously applied, the reduction action can be further promoted.

  Further, since the acoustic circuit is a closed circuit and the applied pulse PP is applied to a part of the acoustic circuit, the applied pulse PP circulates in the closed circuit while being attenuated, and the reduction action described above. Will be further promoted.

  Further, as a remarkable effect according to the second embodiment specialized in the acoustic circuit, the oxidized wire material such as copper is modified by a reduction action to return to the original state, and thus is caused by the oxidation of the wire material. There is no deterioration in sound quality, and the sound quality state of the acoustic circuit can be maintained indefinitely.

  In addition, since it is possible to maintain the sound quality state, it is not necessary to exchange speaker cords, which greatly contributes to resource saving.

  In the case of the second embodiment, as a principle of improving the sound quality output from the speaker, as described above, the oxidation state in the speaker cord is reduced by the applied pulse PP according to the second embodiment. In addition to this, when the applied pulse PP itself physically propagates through the speaker cord, the arrangement (atomic arrangement) of metal elements constituting the speaker cord by the physical action of the applied pulse PP. It can be considered that this is because the resistivity is reduced by improving the resistance.

(IV) Modified Embodiment Next, a modified embodiment according to the present invention will be described.

First, as the first modification, in each of the above-described embodiments, a waveform in which the positive pulse and the negative pulse illustrated in FIG. 1A are adjacent to each other is used as the waveform of the applied pulse PP. In addition, as the applied pulse, for example, the applied pulse PP ₁ having only the positive pulse illustrated in FIG. 5A may be used, or the applied pulse PP ₂ having only the negative pulse illustrated in FIG. 5B may be used. Alternatively, the applied pulse PP _{3 in} which the positive pulse and the negative pulse illustrated in FIG. 6 are alternately continued at a preset time interval may be used. In this case, it is preferable to apply the pulse width, pulse amplitude, and pulse interval of each applied pulse PP _1, PP _2, or PP ₃ to those of the applied pulse PP according to the above embodiments.

  The inventors of the present application have experimentally confirmed that even in the case of the first modified embodiment, the same effects as those of the above embodiments can be obtained.

  Next, as other modifications, in each of the above-described embodiments, the present invention relates to decomposition of lead sulfate in a lead-acid battery (in the case of the first embodiment) and oxidation reduction in an acoustic circuit (in the case of the second embodiment). However, the present invention is not limited to these, and various applications are possible.

  First, as a second modification, in each of the above-described embodiments, the case where the present invention is applied to an electric circuit through which a direct current flows has been described. It is also possible to apply to reforming (return of characteristics) by reduction reaction in

  Further, as a third modification, in the above-described first embodiment, the case where the present invention is applied to the decomposition / removal of impurities in the lead-acid battery has been described. The present invention can also be applied to reforming (returning characteristics) by reduction reaction in a secondary battery (for example, a lithium ion battery).

As a waveform of the applied pulse PP according to the third modification, for example, when the present invention is applied to reforming in a lithium ion secondary battery, the pulse width T is preferably about 1 × 10 ⁻⁷ seconds or less. In addition, the amplitude of the applied pulse PP is preferably about 50 millivolts or less when the output of the secondary battery is 48 volts or 5 amps, and the interval between the applied pulses PP is about 100 pulses / second. Is considered suitable.

  In the case of the third modification, for one applied pulse PP shown in FIG. 1, the pulse width of the pulse portion falling in the negative direction is T with respect to the pulse width T of the pulse portion rising in the positive direction. / 10 or less is preferable.

  Furthermore, as a fourth modification, in the above-described first to third embodiments, the case where the present invention is applied to a normal electric circuit has been described, but in addition to this, in an electric circuit including a so-called superconductor It is also possible to apply to reforming by reductive reaction (recovery of characteristics).

  As described above, the present invention can be used in the field of metal modification by reductive action (recovery of characteristics) or decomposition and removal of impurities adhering to the metal surface. When applied to fields such as reforming of the metal constituting the electric circuit included in the equipped apparatus, a particularly remarkable effect can be obtained.

2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating the principle of the present invention, in which FIG. 1A is a timing chart illustrating the waveform of a pulse according to the present invention, and FIG. 2B is a timing chart illustrating a state of continuous application of a pulse according to the present invention. is there. It is a block diagram which shows schematic structure of the metal oxidation state reduction apparatus which concerns on 1st Embodiment. It is a figure (I) which illustrates the attachment state of the metal oxidation state reducing device concerning a 1st embodiment. It is figure (II) which illustrates the attachment state of the metal oxidation state reduction apparatus concerning a 1st embodiment. It is a figure explaining the modification which concerns on this invention, (a) is a timing chart (I) which illustrates the waveform of the pulse which concerns on a 1st modification, (b) is the waveform of the pulse which concerns on a 1st modification 2 is a timing chart (II) illustrating the above. It is a timing chart (III) which illustrates the waveform of the pulse concerning the 1st modification of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

First reference voltage generator 2 oscillator 3 waveform shaping circuit _{PP, PP 1, PP 2,} PP 3, PR applied pulse

Claims (16)

Generating means for generating a pulse signal corresponding to at least the type of metal constituting the circuit and having a preset amplitude, pulse width, and pulse interval so as to cause an electron emission phenomenon due to a tunnel effect in the metal;
Applying means for applying the generated pulse signal to the metal in the circuit;
A metal oxidation state reducing device comprising: In the metal oxidation state reduction device according to claim 1,
The metal oxidation state reducing apparatus, wherein the pulse width is 700 nanoseconds or less. In the metal oxidation state reduction device according to claim 1 or 2,
The metal oxide state reducing apparatus characterized in that the generating means sets the pulse interval to be shorter than an interval corresponding to 12,000 pulses / second and generates the pulse signal. In the metal oxidation state reduction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The metal oxidation state reducing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the generating means generates a pulse signal by alternately generating a positive pulse and a negative pulse. In the metal oxidation state reduction device according to claim 4,
The metal oxidation state reducing device according to claim 1, wherein the generating means generates the pulse signal by alternately generating the positive pulse and the negative pulse while shifting them on a time axis. In the metal oxidation state reduction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The metal oxidation state reducing device according to claim 1, wherein the generation means generates only a positive pulse to generate the pulse signal. In the metal oxidation state reduction device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The metal oxidation state reducing device according to claim 1, wherein the generating means generates only a negative pulse to generate the pulse signal. In the metal oxidation state reduction device according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The circuit constitutes a closed circuit;
The metal oxidation state reducing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the applying means applies the generated pulse signal to a part of the closed circuit. Generating a pulse signal corresponding to at least the type of metal constituting the circuit and having a preset amplitude, pulse width, and pulse interval so as to cause an electron emission phenomenon due to a tunnel effect in the metal;
Applying the generated pulse signal to the metal in the circuit;
A metal oxidation state reduction method comprising: The metal oxidation state reduction method according to claim 9,
The method of reducing metal oxidation state, wherein the pulse width is 700 nanoseconds or less. In the metal oxidation state reduction method according to claim 9 or 10,
In the generating step, the pulse signal is generated by setting the pulse interval to be shorter than an interval corresponding to 12,000 pulses / second, and the metal oxidation state reducing method is characterized in that the pulse signal is generated. In the metal oxidation state reduction method according to any one of claims 9 to 11,
In the generating step, a positive pulse and a negative pulse are alternately generated and used as the pulse signal. The metal oxidation state reduction method according to claim 12,
In the generation step, the positive pulse and the negative pulse are alternately generated while being shifted on a time axis to generate the pulse signal. In the metal oxidation state reduction method according to any one of claims 9 to 11,
In the generation step, only the positive pulse is generated and used as the pulse signal. In the metal oxidation state reduction method according to any one of claims 9 to 11,
In the generating step, only a negative pulse is generated and used as the pulse signal. In the metal oxidation state reduction method according to any one of claims 9 to 15,
The circuit constitutes a closed circuit;
In the applying step, the generated pulse signal is applied to a part of the closed circuit.

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