JP2008256506A - Radiometer - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a radiometer that dispenses with a mechanical mechanism enabling rotation of a light-receiving part, capable of measuring multi-directional radiation amount, at the same spot. <P>SOLUTION: In this radiometer equipped with a plurality of optical fibers 11, a hemispherical fiber case 12 where each one end of the optical fibers 11 is arranged radially and two-dimensionally on the outer surface; and a photodetector 42 for converting a light signal from the other end of each optical fiber into a signal, suitable for a signal processing system; each one end of the optical fibers 11 is arranged from the center position of a hemisphere of the fiber case 12 directed toward a direction of a position on the hemisphere outer surface of the fiber case 12, where one end of the optical fibers 11 is disposed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a radiometer that measures multidirectional radiation amounts, and more particularly, to a radiometer capable of measuring multidirectional radiation amounts without moving a detection unit.

  In the case of measuring the amount of radiation, it is generally performed with the light receiving unit facing the detection target region. In many cases, the measurer measures the radiation amount in multiple directions when measuring the light receiving unit toward the detection target region. In such a case, it is necessary for the measurer to change the direction of the light receiving unit. Therefore, in order to measure the radiation amount with high accuracy, it is necessary to provide a mechanism for supporting the measuring device so that the light receiving unit can rotate at least. As a specific implementation of such a mechanism, there is an automatic solar tracking device disclosed in JP-A-8-63232. This automatic solar tracking device can not only move the light receiving unit electrically using a motor to the detection target area, but also has a function of measuring the amount of solar radiation while automatically tracking the sun as the light source. Have.

This automatic solar tracking device of Patent Document 1 supports, as a specific configuration, a sensor housing unit that houses a sensor unit including four light receiving elements, a device having a light receiving unit for receiving sunlight, or the device. Is attached to the support base so that the directivity angle and the mounting angle of the sunlight receiving part in the device coincide with each other, and sunlight is incident on each light receiving element through a pinhole, and the amount of light received by each light receiving element is If they are not the same, the device or the support table that supports the device is driven in the azimuth and zenith directions so that they are the same. According to this, the position of the sky in the daytime changes from moment to moment, and the traces drawn by this automatically track the sun, which varies depending on the season, and devices such as measuring instruments automatically track the sun. Can be oriented.
JP-A-8-63232

  However, since the background art is configured as described above, a complicated mechanical mechanism for solar tracking is required, and the mechanical mechanism is large, expensive, has a high failure rate, and is low in maintenance. There is a problem that it is also necessary. Moreover, even if it is the structure which does not track automatically, the mechanical mechanism which makes a light-receiving part rotatable is required, and has the same subject.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides a radiometer that can measure a multi-directional radiation amount at the same point without using a mechanical mechanism that allows the light receiving unit to rotate. With the goal.

1 to 3 are diagrams for explaining the principle of the present invention.
FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a radiometer according to the present invention, in which optical fibers having one end radially arranged on a peripheral surface of a sphere (fiber arrangement body) are converged and arranged in a line at a predetermined angle. The two-dimensional CCD array is arranged at a position facing the grating at an angle at a certain angle. Preferably, a spherical and hollow covering (fiber case) is provided to cover the sphere on which the optical fiber is disposed, and 32 on each of the end portions of the optical fiber disposed on the inner circumferential surface of the covering. It is desirable to have a configuration in which a hole (fiber hole) having an opening angle of minutes is provided.

  If only the direct light of the sun and the peripheral light are to be measured, as shown in FIG. 2, one end of the optical fiber may be arranged radially on the peripheral surface of the hemisphere. When the reflected light is received as shown in FIG. 1, the shape of the peripheral surface in which one end of the optical fiber is radially arranged is preferably a sphere.

  As shown in the upper right of FIG. 2, an opening having a solar vision diameter (about 32 [minutes]) is formed by one end portion of the optical fiber radially disposed on the circumferential surface of the hemisphere and the hole of the covering body. It is desirable to set to.

  As shown in the lower right of FIG. 2, in the two-dimensional CCD facing the grating, the horizontal direction (or vertical direction) indicates wavelength resolution, and the vertical direction (or horizontal direction) indicates hemispherical position scanning. In this example, the other end of all optical fibers are arranged in a line, opposed to the grating, and the two-dimensional CCD is opposed to the grating. However, some (for example, the left hemisphere) The other ends of the optical fibers (arranged) are arranged in a line, facing the first grating, the first two-dimensional CCD facing the first grating, and the remaining (for example, arranged in the left hemisphere). The other end of the optical fiber (provided) may be arranged side by side in a row, facing the second grating, and the second two-dimensional CCD facing the second grating. Although a two-stage configuration is shown here, a multi-stage configuration of three or more stages may be used. In addition, a grating and a two-dimensional CCD are prepared for the other end row of each optical fiber, but one grating or two-dimensional portion is provided for some or all rows of the other end portion of the optical fiber. It is also possible to prepare a CCD and mechanically move the grating or the two-dimensional CCD so as to correspond to each column at the other end of the optical fiber.

  FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram regarding the optical path in the principle of the present invention. One end of the optical fiber arranged radially on the circumference of the sphere captures all external light, propagates the optical signal through the core of the optical fiber, emits it from the other end of the optical fiber, and enters the grating Then, it is reflected, photoelectrically converted by a two-dimensional CCD array, and output as an electric signal.

(1) Spectral radiometer capable of measuring two-dimensionally radial optical fibers on a hemisphere and measuring all direct sunlight, scattering, and peripheral light. A radiometer according to the present invention includes a plurality of optical fibers and one of the optical fibers. A hemispherical fiber case whose ends are radially arranged on the outer surface; and a photodetector that converts an optical signal from the other end of each optical fiber into a signal suitable for a signal processing system. One end portion is arranged so as to face the direction from the center position of the hemisphere of the fiber case to the position on the outer surface of the hemisphere where the one end portion of the optical fiber is disposed.

According to the present invention as described above, direct movement of sunlight, scattering, and marginal light can be achieved by simply placing the radiometer at the measurement point without moving the light receiving portion of the radiometer like a radiometer having a single detection unit. There is an effect that all of can be measured. The conventional mechanical mechanism for moving at least the light receiving unit is not required and can be configured at a low cost, and the maintenance cost for the mechanical mechanism is also unnecessary.
In the embodiment to be described later, the configuration in which the optical fiber is disposed in the outward direction in the plurality of holes formed radially on the peripheral surface of the spherical fiber case is shown, but the fiber case that is a hole is not provided in the fiber case. It can also be configured. Further, the radiometer can be configured even with a substantially hemispherical or substantially spherical fiber case from a hemispherical shape to a spherical shape. In other words, it can be expressed as at least a hemispherical fiber case.

(2) A radiometer that measures the ground surface spectral reflectance, albedo, and bidirectional reflectance characteristics by arranging the above hemisphere upward and downward. A radiometer according to the present invention includes a plurality of optical fibers and one of the optical fibers. A spherical fiber case whose ends are arranged two-dimensionally on the outer surface, and a photodetector that converts an optical signal from the other end of each optical fiber into a signal suitable for a signal processing system. The end of the fiber case is arranged in the direction from the center position of the hemisphere of the fiber case to the position on the outer surface of the fiber case where one end of the optical fiber is disposed.

  Thus, according to the present invention, by using the optical fiber disposed on the vertically outer hemisphere surface of the fiber case and the optical fiber disposed on the vertically lower hemisphere surface of the fiber case, There is an effect that it is possible to measure direct light, scattering, peripheral light, ground surface spectral reflectance, albedo, and bidirectional reflectance characteristics. It is possible to provide an all-sky spectroradiometer that does not include a mechanism and is maintenance-free.

(3) A radiometer that arranges the emitted light of the fiber in one dimension, performs continuous spectroscopy such as grating, and spectroscopically measures sunlight incident at an angle that matches the solar vision diameter from the hemisphere. The radiometer according to the present invention is necessary. The other end of the optical fiber is arranged in parallel one-dimensionally, and a spectroscope that continuously divides the emitted light from the other end of the arranged optical fiber is provided.

In the radiometer according to the present invention, if necessary, the fiber case is formed with a fiber hole that is a substantially circular hole in the direction of one end of the optical fiber for each one end of the optical fiber, The fiber hole is formed so that the diameter of the fiber hole becomes the sun view diameter when viewed from the center point of one end face of the optical fiber.
When the spectroscope is composed of a grating, it is possible to perform a continuous spectroscopic method in which the central wavelength in the spectroscopic is variable by adjusting the interval of the grating, that is, to provide a radiometer capable of realizing the method be able to.

(4) From the measured spectral radiance, direct sunlight, scattering, marginal light, water vapor amount, total ozone amount, optical thickness of the whole atmosphere / water vapor / ozone / air molecule / aerosol, aerosol complex refractive index, particle size distribution, A radiometer that estimates and displays the vertical distribution of temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure. The radiometer according to the present invention, as necessary, from the spectral radiance obtained from the output signal from the photodetector, directly reaches the sun, scatters, and the periphery. Calculation to calculate at least one of light, water vapor amount, total ozone amount, optical thickness of whole air / water vapor / ozone / air molecule / aerosol, aerosol complex refractive index, particle size distribution, vertical distribution of temperature / humidity / atmospheric pressure And a display unit that receives and displays the calculation result from the calculation unit.

  An algorithm for the calculation unit to derive each calculation result is well-known and commonly used by those skilled in the art, and details thereof are omitted here. As a document explaining a specific calculation method, for example, there is “Self-learning remote sensing” (Keihei Arai, Morikita Publishing, first edition, first published on September 15, 2004). In particular, the vertical distribution of atmospheric temperature, water vapor, and other atmospheric composition molecules can be determined using the sounder principle described from page 134 of the same book.

  In addition to sending the calculation result as a numerical value to the display unit, the calculation unit can also be configured to send it to the display unit in the form of a graph. By doing so, it is possible to save the trouble of returning to the laboratory etc. to analyze the measurement result after measuring at the measurement point and performing graph processing on the computer and displaying it on the display, based on the graph display at that measurement point. Can be measured. In other words, in the past, the graph processing was viewed in laboratories and remeasurement and additional measurement were performed, so it took a considerable amount of time to go to the measurement point. The invention can also contribute to speeding up research.

  It can also be understood as a radiometer that measures upward and downward radiance at an arbitrary altitude. In addition to the type of radiometer that can be carried by the measurer shown in FIG. 4 to be described later, for example, when measuring the radiance at a height of several tens of meters, a form used in so-called tower measurement is taken. You can build a dedicated tower, or borrow an antenna tower and measure, for example, a long object with the radiometer of the present invention attached to the tip in the horizontal direction so that the shadow of the tower does not enter Can do.

(5)
The radiometer according to the present invention has a hollow fiber surface formed with a plurality of hole fiber holes, and a black spherical fiber case so as not to capture external light from other than the plurality of fiber holes, and the surface of the fiber case An optical fiber disposed at a predetermined angle with respect to a plurality of optical fibers having one end fixed for each fiber hole and the other end of the optical fiber in which the plurality of optical fibers are converged and arranged. One end of the external light captured from the fiber hole formed on the surface of the fiber case, and an image sensor facing the output direction of the spectrum acquired from the spectrum acquisition unit. The fixed optical fiber receives and the spectrum output from the other end through the optical fiber is received. Mejisensa in which to measure.

In the embodiment described later, the spectrum acquisition means is described by taking a grating as an example, and in addition, a prism and a grism can be used.
In the embodiment in which the image sensor is configured, a two-dimensional CCD array is described as an example. In addition, a CMOS sensor array or an infrared sensor array can also be used. The area array may be configured by arranging the liner arrays in parallel.

  Each fiber hole is spatially separated, and one end of the optical fiber does not receive light from a fiber hole that does not correspond. The fiber hole is also preferably black, and the light taken in from the hole on the surface of the fiber case is absorbed without being reflected by the internal partition.

The fiber case is made black by, for example, a method of making the molding material itself of the fiber case black and a method of coloring only the fiber case surface black.
These outlines of the invention do not enumerate the features essential to the present invention, and a sub-combination of these features can also be an invention.

(First embodiment of the present invention)
A radiometer according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[1. Constitution]
As shown in FIG. 4, the radiometer according to this embodiment includes a fiber ball 10, a fiber tube 20, and a remote control grip 30.

[1.1 Fiber ball]
As shown in FIG. 5A, the fiber ball 10 includes a fiber case 12 that is a hollow sphere made of, for example, resin molding having a predetermined thickness, and an optical fiber 11 that is accommodated in the fiber case 12. Innumerable fiber holes 12a, which are frustoconical holes, are formed on the peripheral surface of the fiber ball 10 in a radial pattern. The fiber hole 12a may be formed by resin-molding a hollow sphere having a predetermined thickness and then cutting the truncated cone from the peripheral surface of the fiber ball 10 to form the truncated-cone-shaped fiber hole 12a, or by resin molding (compression molding, The fiber case 12 may be formed only by resin molding using a mold in which the fiber hole 12a is also formed during blow molding and vacuum formation).

  A fiber tip holding hole 12b, which is a hole having substantially the same diameter as that of the optical fiber 11, is formed in the bottom surface portion of the fiber hole 12a of the fiber case 12 so that the upper surface of the fiber hole 12a and the central axis are the same. FIG. 5B is a partial detailed perspective view of the fiber case 12 focusing on the fiber hole 12a shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5B, the optical fiber 11 is inserted into the fiber tip holding hole 12b from the inside of the fiber case 12, and one end of the optical fiber 11 is held on the same surface as the tip surface of the fiber tip holding hole 12b. is doing. It is necessary to insert the optical fiber 11 for each fiber hole 12a, and it is necessary to insert several fiber holes 12a. In this embodiment, since the fiber tube 20 and the fiber 10 communicate with each other as will be described later, a communication hole is formed in a lower portion of the fiber case 12, and the optical fiber 11 is inserted through the communication hole. Processing can be performed. Even when the communication hole is not formed, the fiber case 12 is divided at the time of insertion processing, for example, after being divided into hemispheres and performing the insertion processing of the optical fiber 11 into the fiber hole 12a for each hemisphere, The hemispheres of the fiber case 12 can also be joined together. By using the insertion processing of the optical fiber 11 using such a split coupling method of the fiber case 12, the fiber ball 10 including the measurement processing substrate 50 itself can be created.

As shown in FIG. 5C, the fiber hole 12a can be formed in a columnar shape. FIG. 5D is a partial detailed perspective view of the fiber case 12 focusing on the fiber hole 12a shown in FIG. According to the fiber ball 10 of the present invention, various fiber balls 10 can be obtained according to the diameter of the optical fiber, the size of the fiber case 12, the size of the fiber hole 12a, and the number of the fiber holes 12a. For example, FIG. A partial detailed cross-sectional view of the fiber ball when a larger number of fiber holes 12a are formed in the fiber ball 10 and the optical fiber 11 is at a micrometer level (for example, 20 [μm], 10 [μm]) is shown. FIG. 5 (e).
The peripheral surface of the fiber case 12 and the fiber hole 12a portion are colored black so that external light incident on the fiber hole 12a is not reflected as much as possible on the peripheral surface of the fiber hole 12a.

  Fiber holes 12 a are formed at equal intervals in the entire spherical surface direction of the fiber case 12. However, the fiber hole 12 a is not formed at the bottom of the fiber ball 10, and the optical fiber 11 focused inside reaches the remote control grip 30 through the fiber tube 20. After being focused in the fiber case 12 using a cable tying tool, it is fixed to the inner surface of the fiber tube 20 so as not to move in the fiber tube 20.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the fiber ball scale according to the present embodiment. The opening of the fiber hole 12a is formed to be an opening of 32 [min] with the center of one end face of the optical fiber 11 as the center point. In FIG. 6, when the diameter of the fiber case 12 is 5 [cm], the diameter of the optical fiber 11 is 20 [μm], and the depth of the fiber hole is 14.3 [mm], the opening is 32 [min]. The fiber hole 12a has an opening of 1.1 [mm]. When the optical fiber 11 of 20 [μm] is focused, a bundle of 1 [cm] or less is obtained. Further, when the fiber holes 12a are formed on the circumferential surface of the fiber ball 10 having a diameter of 5 [cm] at intervals of 1.25 [mm], the total number of fiber holes is 4096 [pieces].

[1.2 Remote control gripping part]
As shown in FIGS. 4, 7 and 8, the remote control grip 30 includes an ON / OFF display lamp 31, a measuring lamp 32, a bubble tube leveler 33, an ON / OFF button 34, a measurement start / stop button 35, Memory card opening 36, USB opening 37, gripper case 38, grating 41, two-dimensional CCD array 42, measurement processing board 50, microcomputer 51, EEPROM 52, secondary battery 53, USB interface 54 and memory card interface 55 Consists of.

  The gripping part case 38 has a tubular shape, and a measurement processing substrate 50 is disposed on and fixed to the upper surface inside the tube. On the measurement processing substrate 50, as shown in FIG. 8, a two-dimensional CCD array 42, an ON / OFF display lamp 31, a measuring lamp 32, a microcomputer 51, an EEPROM (Electronically Erasable and Programmable Read Only Memory) 52, two A secondary battery 53, an ON / OFF button 34, a measurement start / stop button 35, a USB interface 54, and a memory card interface 55 are mounted. Each mounting element on the measurement processing substrate 50 is electrically connected to the microcomputer 51 for control signals, and is electrically connected to the secondary battery 53 for power supply. Although the control signal lines are illustrated in FIG. 8, the power supply lines are omitted. In this embodiment, the built-in storage means that is an EEPROM, the portable storage means that is a memory card, and the external computer that is the USB interface 54 are used, but any one of them may be used, and other storage means may be used. Alternatively, the output result may be temporarily stored and displayed and output. Further, the small motor 72 and the linear encoder 73 indicated by broken lines in FIG. 8 are not used in this embodiment.

  The microcomputer 51 controls light emission with respect to the ON / OFF display lamp 31 and the measuring lamp 32. The microcomputer 51 receives input signals from the ON / OFF button 34 and the measurement start / stop button 35. The microcomputer 51 instructs the two-dimensional CCD array 42 to start measuring the amount of radiation, and detects the amount of radiation detected from the two-dimensional CCD array 42 (the amount of charge from each photodiode of the two-dimensional CCD array A / D conversion, converted into radiation amount). The microcomputer 51 sends the data to the EEPROM 52 and, conversely, reads the data from the EEPROM 52. The data to be sent out is a detection value of the radiation amount acquired by the two-dimensional CCD array 42. The microcomputer 51 receives data from an external computer (not shown) connected via a USB cable (not shown) connected to the USB interface 54, and conversely sends out data to the external computer. The microcomputer 51 sends data to a memory card (not shown) that is slotted into the memory card interface 55. Here, conversely, the microcomputer 51 may receive data from the memory card.

  The measurement processing board 50 is provided on the inner surface of the gripping part case 38, an ON / OFF display lamp hole, a measuring lamp hole, an ON / OFF button hole, and a measurement start / stop button formed on the upper surface of the gripping part case 38. An ON / OFF display lamp 31, a measuring lamp 32, an ON / OFF button 34, and a measurement start / stop button 35 are installed in the hole so as to match.

  The gripper case 38 communicates with the fiber tube 20. The other end surface opposite to the light receiving side of the optical fiber 11 is aligned in a line at the boundary between the fiber tube 20 and the remote control gripping part 30, and the grating 41 is disposed at a predetermined angle. The grating 41 is disposed at a fixed angle with respect to the two-dimensional CCD array 42, and receives incident light from the outside from the optical fiber 11 and reflects it to the two-dimensional CCD array 42.

  In the two-dimensional CCD array 42, signals from photodiodes (not shown) are sequentially output and input to the microcomputer 51 through known information processing techniques such as analog processing and AD conversion. Note that the microcomputer 51 can be loaded with a function of processing signals from the two-dimensional CCD array 42, and a signal from the two-dimensional CCD array 42 is processed between the microcomputer 51 and the two-dimensional CCD array 42. Elements can also be provided.

[1.3 Explanation of optical path]
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of an optical path from the optical fiber at the time of measurement according to the present embodiment. External light taken in from the fiber hole 12 a is taken into the corresponding optical fiber 11 and enters the grating 41 through the core of the optical fiber 11. The light incident on the grating 41 is reflected by the surface of the grating 41, and the spectrum is acquired by the two-dimensional CCD array 42 arranged in the reflection direction based on the principle of the diffraction grating.
The two-dimensional CCD 42 measures the reflected light from the grating 41 for each optical fiber 11. That is, the horizontal line of FIG. 7 measures the radiation amount of one optical fiber.

[1.4 Observation wavelength]
The observation wavelength differs depending on the observation target as shown in the following bullet.
·water vapor:
720, 810, 940 [nm] → relative humidity profile, 936 [nm]: water vapor / oxygen:
762 [nm], 1070 [nm] → atmospheric pressure / ozone:
440-740 [nm] (600 [nm]), 305, 312, 320 [nm]
·carbon dioxide:
780-1240 [nm] (690 [nm]) → temperature profile / atmospheric optical thickness 368,500,670,772,862,1020 [nm]
As described above, since the observation wavelength varies depending on the observation target, for example, a configuration in which 304 to 1072 [nm] is dispersed at intervals of 1 [nm] and a total of 768 channels are prepared. Then, a two-dimensional CCD having 4096 [pieces: the number of optical fibers] × 768 [channels] elements is required. According to this example, when vegetation or the like is used as an observation object, spectral reflection in the visible to near-infrared wavelength region is effective.

[1.5 Using measured radiation dose]
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of observation by the radiometer according to the present embodiment. With the radiometer of the present invention, direct light, skylight scattered light, upward radiation radiance, and peripheral light can be measured substantially simultaneously without moving the light receiving unit.

[2. Operation]
As shown in FIG. 4, the user presses the ON / OFF button 34 at a point where the user wants to measure the amount of radiation, with the direction in which the buttons of the remote control grip 30 are arranged vertically upward. The predetermined side of the remote control grip 30 is vertically upward because the fiber tube 20 is formed in the extending direction of the remote control grip 30 from the top surface of the remote control grip 30 (horizontal portion 20a), and the remote control grip 30 because it bends substantially perpendicular to the extending direction of 30 (vertical portion 20b), the tip portion is taken into the fiber ball 10, and the zenith 10a of the predetermined fiber ball 10 is directed vertically upward. is there. Since the fiber tube 20 is composed of the horizontal portion 20a and the vertical portion 20b, the fiber tube 20 is prevented from being shaded on the detection surface of the fiber ball 10. Further, the user makes the extending direction of the horizontal part 20a of the gripping part case 38 face a predetermined direction. When the user presses the ON / OFF button 34, the ON / OFF display lamp 31 is turned on.

  The user turns the zenith 10a of the fiber ball 10 in the zenith direction as described above, and presses the measurement start / stop button 35 in a state where the fiber ball 10 faces a predetermined direction, whereby the measuring lamp 32 is displayed. Is turned on and measurement is started by the two-dimensional CCD array 42.

  As explained in [1.3 Description of optical path], the side light quantity is measured by the two-dimensional CCD array 42, and the radiation amount of each predetermined single wavelength component of each optical fiber 11 is sent to the microcomputer 51. The microcomputer 51 records the fetched radiation amount in the EEPROM 52. After the radiation amount measured by the current measurement is sent to the microcomputer 51 and recorded, the measuring lamp 32 blinks for a predetermined period and turns off. Thereby, the user recognizes that the measurement is finished.

  Thereafter, when the user inserts the memory card into the memory card slot 36, the radiation amount on the EEPROM 52 is transferred to the memory card via the microcomputer 51. Alternatively, the other end of the USB cable connected to an external computer (not shown) is connected to the USB interface 37, and the radiation amount on the EEPROM 52 is taken into the external computer via the microcomputer 51.

[3. effect]
In this way, the end of the optical fiber 11 is disposed outward with respect to the substantially spherical surface, and the incident light to the optical fiber 11 is measured by the two-dimensional CCD array 42 for each optical fiber 11 via the grating 41. The amount of radiation in various directions can be measured without mechanically moving the fiber ball 10 itself.

  In the present embodiment, measurement is performed using the bubble tube leveler 33 so that the measurement is the same zenith angle, and further, the measurement is performed in the same direction so as to be in the same azimuth. In the case of measuring the direct light, peripheral light, and scattered light, it is possible to measure if the optical fiber 11 that measures the direct light of the sun can be identified, so there is no need to measure at the same zenith angle and orientation. The bubble tube leveler 33 is also unnecessary. The optical fiber 11 that has measured the direct light can be identified from the amount of radiation measured when there is no cloud.

(Other embodiments)
[Modification]
The radiometer according to the first embodiment is an example, and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. For example, in the first embodiment, the fiber tube 20 and the remote control grip 30 are provided. However, the measurement processing substrate 50 is not provided in the central portion of the fiber ball 10 without including these components. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which a button, a lamp, or the like is provided in a portion of the peripheral surface of the fiber ball 10 where the fiber hole 12a is not formed.

As a usage pattern, the measurement is started by placing the fiber ball 10 at the measurement point and pressing the button. Alternatively, the measurement is started by suspending the fiber ball 10 at the measurement point and pressing the button. In particular, in the case of the former usage pattern, the ground direction is specified from the radiation amount, and further, the vertical downward direction of the ground direction is reduced in a circular radial manner, so the vertical downward direction is specified. The upward direction can also be specified.
The configuration without the bubble tube leveler 33 is also possible, as in the first embodiment.

[Cylindrical lens (cylindrical lens)]
FIG. 10 shows a configuration example to which the cylindrical lens according to this embodiment is applied.
In the first embodiment, the diffusion preventing cylindrical lens 61 can be disposed on the optical path of the incident light from the optical fiber 11 between the grating 41 side end of the optical fiber 11 and the grating 41. 11 prevents the incident light from 11 from spreading in the arrangement direction 11 a of the optical fiber 11. The diffusion preventing cylindrical lens 61 is arranged so that the curved surface forming direction 61 a of the diffusion preventing cylindrical lens 61 is the same as the arrangement direction 11 a of the optical fibers 11.

  Further, a parallel light cylindrical lens 62 can be disposed on the optical path of the transmitted light from the diffusion preventing cylindrical lens 61 between the diffusion preventing cylindrical lens 61 and the grating 41, and the transmitted light from the cylindrical lens 61 can be transmitted. Parallel light is used. The parallel light cylindrical lens 62 is disposed so that the curved surface forming direction 62 a of the parallel light cylindrical lens 62 is orthogonal to the arrangement direction of the optical fibers 11.

  As described above, the cylindrical lenses 61 and 62 are used so that the incident light from the optical fiber 11 is not diffused so as not to affect the adjacent incident light, and the reflected light from the grating 41 is appropriate. Since it is made into parallel light so that it may become a sufficient spectrum, a radiation amount can be acquired more accurately.

[Detection method for each optical fiber by slit]
FIG. 11 is a configuration example to which the movable slit according to the present embodiment is applied.
In the first embodiment, the incident light of the external light from all the optical fibers 11 is incident on the grating 41 and reflected, reaches the two-dimensional CCD array 42, and charges at the corresponding part are transferred. However, as shown in FIG. 11, the slit 71a is provided on the optical path of the optical fiber 11 and the grating 41, and is configured to be movable in the arrangement direction of the optical fiber 11.

The width of the slit 71 a of the slit plate 71 is formed to be equal to or smaller than the diameter of the optical fiber 11.
The slit plate 71 is connected to a known slide mechanism, and is configured to be movable in the arrangement direction of the optical fibers 11 via a small motor 72 connected to the slide mechanism and the mover. Here, the motor is shown as an example, but an actuator such as an air cylinder or a solenoid may be used as an alternative technique for the motor.

The slit plate 71 is provided with a hole (not shown) for a linear encoder other than the slit 71a. The microcomputer 51 optically positions the slit plate 71 by an optical linear encoder 73 comprising a pair of a light emitting portion and a light receiving portion. This is grasped by the output of the linear encoder 72. Therefore, the microcomputer 51 applies a driving voltage to the small motor 72 so that the slit 71 a faces the front of the end of the grating 41 of the desired optical fiber 11. As a result, not all the external light from the optical fiber 11 is incident on the grating 41, but only the external light from the desired optical fiber 11 that has passed through the slit 71a is incident, reflected, and reflected by the two-dimensional CCD array 42. Detected.
A configuration in which the diffusion preventing cylindrical lens 61 and / or the parallel light cylindrical lens 62 of the [cylindrical lens (cylindrical lens)] is further provided before and after the slit plate 71 may be employed.

[Direction acquisition means built-in type]
In each of the embodiments described above, the measurement is performed so that the extending direction of the horizontal portion 20a of the gripping case 38 is directed to a predetermined direction (for example, north). However, the direction acquisition is performed by a digital compass or a GPS receiver. A configuration may be adopted in which the means is provided in the gripping part case 38 and the measurement direction is acquired from the direction acquisition means during measurement and recorded together with the measurement value. Further, when recording, the measurement values can be rearranged with reference to a predetermined direction, and information can be recorded and processed so that data is always arranged in the same direction at the time of recording. It is also possible to record the azimuth as an attribute.

[Zenith angle acquisition means built-in type]
In each of the above embodiments, the bubble tube leveler 33 is used so that the zenith 10a of the fiber ball 10 faces vertically upward, but the zenith angle (the angle formed with the zenith direction) of the zenith 10a of the fiber ball 10 is. Vertical direction acquisition means (for example, a vertical instrument, an automatic zenith vertical instrument, and a laser vertical instrument) for obtaining the vertical direction at the time of measurement. The configuration may be such that the zenith angle is acquired by the upward acquisition means and recorded in the same manner.

[Grating alternatives]
In each of the above embodiments, a grating is used, but a prism or a grism may be used.

[Alternative to two-dimensional CCD array]
In each of the embodiments, a two-dimensional CCD is used as an image sensor. However, any two-dimensional image sensor such as a CMOS sensor array or an infrared sensor array can be used.

[Example of graph obtained from the radiation amount measured by the radiometer according to the present invention]
With the radiometer of the present invention, it is possible to measure the amount of radiation for each wavelength of direct light, scattered light, and marginal light, using known techniques and conventional techniques algorithms (such as the principle of sounder) from the measured amount of radiation, We can estimate various observation values (total amount of ozone, optical thickness of whole atmosphere, water vapor, ozone, air molecules, aerosol, aerosol complex refractive index, particle size distribution, vertical distribution of temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure) Furthermore, it can also be graphed. For example, the graphs relating to the aerosol complex refractive index and the particle size distribution in FIGS. 12 to 14 can be obtained, and the real part of the complex refractive index using the radiation amount in a predetermined wavelength region (for example, around 500 [nm]), The imaginary part and the Junge parameter are obtained and graphed. FIG. 15 is a graph showing the bidirectional reflectance characteristics of vegetation. FIG. 15A shows the forest and FIG. 15B shows the grassland. In addition, it is related to the forest or grassland where the alternate long and short dash line is withered, and is related to the forest or grassland where the alternate long and two short dashes line is overgrown.

  Although the present invention has been described with the above embodiments, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the scope described in the embodiments, and various modifications or improvements can be added to these embodiments. . And embodiment which added such a change or improvement is also contained in the technical scope of the present invention. This is apparent from the claims and the means for solving the problems.

It is a principle diagram of the present invention. It is a principle figure (partial detail) of this invention. It is a principle figure (optical path) of the present invention. It is an example of a use state figure and interface of a radiometer concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is the front view and its fragmentary sectional view of a fiber ball concerning a 1st embodiment of the present invention. It is explanatory drawing of the case opening width of the fiber ball which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a radiometer according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a mounting configuration example of the measurement processing substrate according to the first embodiment of the present invention. It is observation outline | summary description by the radiometer which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a structure schematic diagram of the radiometer which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a structure schematic diagram of the radiometer which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is a graph of the relationship between aerosol complex refractive index, particle size distribution, and optical thickness according to another embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph of the relationship between aerosol complex refractive index, particle size distribution, and scattered light according to another embodiment of the present invention. It is a graph of the relationship between aerosol complex refractive index, particle size distribution, and auriol (solar peripheral light) according to another embodiment of the present invention. It is an example of the bidirectional | two-way reflectance characteristic of the vegetation which concerns on other embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Fiber ball 10a Zenith 11 Optical fiber 11a Arrangement direction 12 Fiber case 12a Fiber hole 12b Fiber tip holding hole 20 Fiber tube 20a Horizontal part 20b Vertical part 30 Remote control grip part 31 ON / OFF display lamp 32 Measuring lamp 33 Bubble tube leveler 33a Mark 33b Bubble 34 ON / OFF button 35 Measurement start / stop button 36 Memory card opening 37 USB opening 38 Grip case 41 Grating 42 Two-dimensional CCD array 50 Measurement processing board 51 Microcomputer 52 EEPROM
53 Secondary Battery 54 USB Interface 55 Memory Card Interface 61 Diffusion Prevention Cylindrical Lens 61a Curved Surface Formation Direction 62 Parallel Light Cylindrical Lens 62a Curved Surface Formation Direction 71 Slit Plate 71a Slit 72 Small Motor 73 Linear Encoder

Claims (6)

With multiple optical fibers,
A hemispherical fiber case in which one end of the optical fiber is radially arranged two-dimensionally on the outer surface;
A photodetector that converts the optical signal from the other end of each optical fiber into a signal suitable for the signal processing system;
One end of the optical fiber is a radiometer arranged in a direction from a center position of the hemisphere of the fiber case to a position on the outer surface of the hemisphere where the one end of the optical fiber is disposed. With multiple optical fibers,
A spherical fiber case in which one end of the optical fiber is radially arranged on the outer surface two-dimensionally;
A photodetector that converts the optical signal from the other end of each optical fiber into a signal suitable for the signal processing system;
One end of the optical fiber is a radiometer arranged in a direction from the center position of the hemisphere of the fiber case to a position on the outer surface of the hemisphere of the fiber case where the one end of the optical fiber is disposed. The other end of the optical fiber is arranged one-dimensionally,
The radiometer according to claim 1, further comprising a spectroscope that continuously splits the emitted light from the other end of the optical fibers arranged side by side. The fiber case is formed with a fiber hole that becomes a substantially circular hole in the direction of one end of the optical fiber for each one end of the optical fiber,
The radiometer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fiber hole is formed so that a diameter of the fiber hole becomes a solar vision diameter when viewed from a center point of one end face of the optical fiber. From the spectral radiance obtained from the output signal from the photodetector, direct solar radiation, scattering, marginal light, water vapor amount, total ozone amount, optical thickness of the whole atmosphere / water vapor / ozone / air molecules / aerosol, aerosol complex A calculation unit that calculates at least one of a refractive index, a particle size distribution, and a vertical distribution of temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure;
The radiometer according to claim 1, further comprising a display unit that receives and displays a calculation result from the calculation unit. A fiber hole which is a plurality of holes is formed on the hollow surface, and a black spherical fiber case so as not to capture external light from other than the plurality of fiber holes,
A plurality of optical fibers having one end fixed for each fiber hole on the surface of the fiber case;
Optical spectrum acquisition means disposed at a predetermined angle with respect to the other end of the optical fiber in which the plurality of optical fibers are focused and arranged;
An image sensor facing the output direction of the spectrum acquired from the spectrum acquisition means,
An optical fiber fixed at one end receives external light taken from the fiber hole formed on the surface of the fiber case,
A radiometer in which an image sensor measures a spectrum that passes through the inside of the optical fiber and is output from the other end.

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