JP2008240070A - Surface protection method of open rack type vaporizer - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surface protection method of an open rack type vaporizer by which construction is facilitated, the progression of damage etc. to a sacrificial anode coating film is suppressed, and a temporary protection effect till repair by rethermal spraying can be obtained. <P>SOLUTION: A mixed repair agent composed of a metal powder of the same quality as that of the sacrificial anode coating film and a resin material is applied onto an area where the extinction or breakage of the sacrificial anode coating film covering the surface of the open rack type vaporizer occurs. If the sacrificial anode coating film is an Al-Zn-based alloy coating film and the resin material is composed of an epoxy resin as a principal component, the surface protection method of the present invention is extremely effective as a temporary protection method for the local damage to the surface of the open rack type vaporizer used for vaporization of LNG. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a surface protection method for an open rack type vaporizer, and more specifically, a portion where a material (base material) is exposed by the disappearance of a sacrificial anode film covering the surface of a heat exchange panel or the like constituting the open rack type vaporizer. It is related with the surface protection method of the open rack type vaporizer which can protect progress and can suppress progress of the corrosion depletion in the site | part.

  An open rack type vaporizer is a type of heat exchanger that heats and vaporizes a liquid passing through a heat transfer tube by applying heat from the outside of a heat exchange panel in which a large number of heat transfer tubes are arranged in a panel shape. Liquefied natural gas (hereinafter referred to as “LNG”) needs to be vaporized and returned to natural gas (hereinafter referred to as “NG”) for use. Conventionally, open rack vaporizers are frequently used for vaporizing LNG. . In this case, seawater is used as an external heat source, and the LNG in the heat transfer tube is vaporized by flowing it over the outer surface of a panel composed of a large number of Al alloy heat transfer tubes.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating a heat exchange panel and a facility incidental to the heat exchange panel constituting the main part of an open rack type vaporizer used for vaporizing LNG, (a) is a front view, (b). FIG. 3A is an AA arrow view (partial view) of (a).

  As shown in FIG. 1, the heat exchange panel 1 is configured such that a large number of finned heat transfer tubes 2 for increasing the heat exchange efficiency are arranged in the tube diameter direction. And coupled to the lower header 4. A large number of such panels 1 are arranged in parallel according to the capacity to constitute one open rack type vaporizer.

  The upper header 3 and the lower header 4 of each panel 1 arranged in parallel are connected to an upper manifold 5 and a lower manifold 6, respectively. Further, troughs 7 are attached to both sides of each panel 1 to hold seawater that is supplied to the troughs 7 via the seawater pipes 8 and flows down along both sides of the panels 1.

  LNG supplied to the lower header 4 through the lower manifold 6 is formed with a liquid film on the outer surface of the panel 1 while flowing up in the heat transfer tube 2 as shown in FIG. It vaporizes by heat exchange and is led from the upper header 3 to the upper manifold 5 as NG. Seawater that has flowed down and dropped in temperature is discharged to the outside.

  The heat transfer tube constituting the panel is in contact with extremely low temperature LNG, so that it has excellent low temperature strength, and high heat conductivity and good workability for forming a finned tube are required. Therefore, Al alloys such as Al—Mn and Al—Mg are generally used as the heat transfer tube material.

  However, since Al and Al alloys have the characteristic that corrosion tends to proceed in the form of pitting corrosion, many researches and developments have been made on the anti-corrosion measures for the Al alloys. At present, cathodic protection utilizing sacrificial anticorrosive action is generally performed. That is, a sacrificial anode film such as an Al-Zn alloy that is less basic than the Al alloy is formed on the surface of the Al alloy that is the base material, and the contact between the corrosive environment and the base material is prevented, and the Al-Zn alloy film disappears. Even when the base metal is exposed, the base Al—Zn alloy or the like in the vicinity of the exposed portion is melted as an anode, and the base material functions as a cathode, thereby preventing the base metal from being corroded.

  The above-mentioned sacrificial anode film is formed mainly by heating and melting a linear material, atomizing with compressed air, and spraying it on the surface of the base material (base material) to form a sprayed film (that is, a sacrificial anode film). This is done by thermal spraying.

  Furthermore, as a method for forming the sacrificial anode film, a clad material is formed by externally fitting an Al-Zn alloy tube on the outer peripheral surface of the base material ingot, and this clad material is molded into a tube with fins by extrusion and required on the surface. A clad method for forming a sacrificial anode film having a thickness is also employed.

  As a film-forming metal (alloy) having a sacrificial anticorrosive action on the Al alloy, an alloy of Al and Zn is known, for example, 1-2 mass% (hereinafter, simply referred to as “%”) of Zn. Al—Zn alloy containing is used.

  As for the anticorrosion technology of the base material Al alloy using such sacrificial anticorrosive action, research and development is still continuing with the aim of expressing a superior anticorrosive effect. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses an open rack type. An anticorrosion structure capable of partially repairing the sacrificial anticorrosion coating by attaching a tape made of a metal lower than the surface of the heat exchange panel of the vaporizer (for example, a band-like Zn foil) with an adhesive containing a conductive material. Is disclosed.

  In Patent Document 2, as a film having a more excellent sacrificial anticorrosive action, a film of an Al—Zn alloy containing 5 to 30% Zn, or in addition to Zn, Sn, Hg, Ga and Cd There has been proposed a heat transfer tube for an LNG vaporizer in which a coating of an Al—Zn alloy containing a predetermined amount of one or more of these is formed on the outer surface. Further, Patent Document 3 describes a sacrificial anode coating that allows the remaining thickness to be known by a simple method such as visual inspection or reagent discrimination, and makes it easy to manage the life of the coating and determine the timing of repair work. .

JP 2003-214796 A Patent No. 3041159 JP 2006-2223 A

  As described above, the entire surface of the base metal (Al-Mn based, Al-Mg based Al alloy) constituting the heat exchange panel of the open rack type vaporizer is Al-- by the thermal spraying method or the cladding method. Covered with a Zn-based alloy film. This Al—Zn alloy film has a sacrificial anticorrosive action, and its melting rate is very small under normal use conditions.

  However, for some reason, the Al-Zn alloy film is accelerated to melt, the Al-Zn alloy film (that is, the sacrificial anode film) disappears at the site, and the base material such as a heat exchange panel is locally exposed. The situation is expected to be exposed to seawater.

  In particular, the seawater that flows down along the outer surface of the heat transfer tube that forms the heat exchange panel of the open rack type vaporizer flows down to the joint between the heat transfer tube and the lower header, so the impact of the seawater that flows in the vicinity of the joint Easy to receive power. At this time, when mud sand or suspended substances thereof are contained in the seawater, it is expected to be subjected to an abrasion action.

  Furthermore, at the part where the heat transfer tube and the lower header are joined, the temperature of the internal LNG is low, so it is easy to freeze, and it may be subject to frictional action due to repeated freezing and defrosting, and they act synergistically. The corrosion action by seawater is added, and the Al—Zn alloy film is damaged (the damage caused by such mechanical and chemical action is referred to as “mechanically damaged” in this case) and may be peeled off.

  FIG. 2 is a view showing the vicinity of a joint portion between a heat transfer tube and a lower header of an open rack type vaporizer used for LNG vaporization, and is an enlarged schematic view of a portion surrounded by a broken line S1 in FIG. FIG. FIG. 2A is a BB arrow view of FIG. 1A, and FIG. 2B is a diagram schematically showing an enlarged portion surrounded by a broken line S3 of FIG. CC arrow view).

  As shown in FIG. 2, the heat transfer tube 2 having the fins 9 formed on the outer surface and the lower header 4 are joined by welding (see FIG. 2 (a)). At this time, since the weld bead 2b is interposed in the joint portion, the vicinity of the joint portion with the lower header 4 is mechanically damaged as described above, and the Al—Zn alloy film at that portion is lost and transmitted. The weld bead 2b surrounding the heat pipe 2 may be exposed (see FIG. 2B). In that case, although the damaged part 10 has shown the state which the Al-Zn type alloy film was lost, progress of corrosion wear from this part is estimated.

  FIG. 3 shows another part of the open rack type vaporizer which is also used for vaporizing LNG, and shows, for example, a part of the lower header. The part surrounded by the broken line S2 in FIG. It is the figure expanded and shown typically. This shows a state in which the Al—Zn alloy film of the lower header 4 is damaged by some mechanical action or chemical action, the film is lost at the damaged portion 11 and the base metal is exposed. Even in this case, the progress of corrosion wear from the damaged portion 11 is predicted.

  In this way, when the sacrificial anode film covering the base metal surface of the open rack type vaporizer is melted / disappeared or mechanically damaged / peeled, the base metal is protected by the nearby sacrificial anode film. However, when the extinction part is excessive, or when the sacrificial anode film near the sacrificial anode film is melted and consumed due to a long-term operation, the base metal is corroded or damaged. For this reason, it is not possible to cope with a normal repair plan, and it is necessary to take prompt measures after finding the disappearance or damage of the sacrificial anode film.

  For example, when spraying is applied, repair is performed by re-spraying in the same way as at the time of manufacture. However, when re-spraying, it is necessary to stop the device (vaporizer) for a long time. Stopping a running device can have a significant impact on the operation plan.

  As described above, when the joint portion between the heat transfer tube and the lower header is damaged, even if it is attempted to apply the partial repair technique for applying the base metal tape described in Patent Document 1 described above, the construction portion Is not flat and is difficult to apply. If the heat transfer tube described in Patent Document 2 on which the coating having a superior sacrificial anticorrosive action is formed is used, the period until the sacrificial anode coating disappears can be extended. It cannot be an effective measure against general damage. Further, according to the technique described in Patent Document 3, the remaining thickness of the sacrificial anode coating can be known, and the time when countermeasures need to be taken can be predicted, but the progress of local melting and mechanical damage is fast. Therefore, a quick and specific response after that is necessary.

  The present invention solves the problems in the prior art described above, that is, local erosion of the sacrificial anode film, mechanical damage in the vicinity of the joint between the heat transfer tube and the lower header, and repairing by applying the thermal spraying method (reproduction). It was made to solve the problem of emergency and long-term shutdown of the equipment (vaporizer) associated with thermal spraying, and the serious impact on the operation plan, easy construction, damage to the sacrificial anode film, etc. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surface protection method for an open rack type vaporizer that suppresses the progress of the gas and provides an emergency protective effect until repair by respraying.

  As a result of repeated studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors mixed powder of the same material as the material functioning as a sacrificial anode (using an Al—Zn alloy) into a resin material, and dispersed it. When the sacrificial anode coating (Al-Zn alloy coating) is melted and extinguished or mechanically damaged in the vicinity of the joint between the heat transfer tube and the lower header, the sacrificial anode coating is damaged. It was confirmed that it was extremely effective as an emergency treatment.

  The present invention has been made based on such examination results, and the gist thereof is the following surface protection method for an open rack type vaporizer.

  That is, the sacrificial anode film covering the surface of the open rack type vaporizer is mixed or mixed with a metal powder of the same material as the sacrificial anode film and a resin material (for example, an epoxy resin as a main component) at the site where the sacrificial anode film is lost or damaged. It is a surface protection method for an open rack type vaporizer characterized by applying a repair agent.

  The “surface of the open rack type vaporizer” as used herein refers to the surface of each part covered with a heat exchange panel, a header combined with the heat exchange panel, and other sacrificial anode films, and is shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. Applicable to metal surfaces and weld bead surfaces.

  Furthermore, the “sacrificial anode film” defined in the present invention refers to an Al—Zn alloy film that is coated on the entire surface of a base metal or the like constituting a heat exchange panel or the like by a thermal spraying method or a cladding method. Therefore, the sacrificial anode film forming method targeted by the surface protection method of the present invention may be either a thermal spraying method or a cladding method.

  In addition, the “resin material” defined in the present invention is a treatment agent that is applied to and penetrates the damaged portion of the sacrificial anode film to increase the durability of the sacrificial anode film, or the like. Examples thereof include a sealing agent mainly composed of an epoxy resin, an adhesive, and a paint (for anticorrosion).

  In the surface protection method for an open rack type vaporizer according to the present invention, if the sacrificial anode film is an Al-Zn alloy film and the resin material is mainly composed of an epoxy resin, the present invention can be used for vaporizing LNG. This is extremely desirable as an emergency protection method against local damage on the surface of the open rack type vaporizer used.

  According to the surface protection method of the open rack type vaporizer of the present invention, the sacrificial anode film covering the surface of the open rack type vaporizer is protected from disappearing or damaged sites, and the sacrificial anode film is gradually melted or damaged. Can be suppressed. Installation is extremely easy, without danger, and provides an immediate protective effect up to repair by extinguishing or re-spraying the damaged part. Therefore, when repairing using the spraying method, the equipment is stopped for that purpose. There is no need to make a major change in the repair plan.

  Hereinafter, the surface protection method of the open rack type vaporizer of the present invention will be described in detail.

  As described above, the surface protection method of the open rack type vaporizer according to the present invention includes a metal powder of the same material as the sacrificial anode film at a site where the sacrificial anode film covering the surface of the open rack type vaporizer disappears or is damaged. It is a method characterized by applying a mixed repair agent with a resin material.

  Examples of the “sacrificial anode film” in this case include an Al—Zn film, an Al—Zn alloy film, and a Zn film. The surface of the open rack type vaporizer is coated with a sacrificial anode film because the base metal is coated with the sacrificial anode film in the external environment (for example, in the case of an open rack type vaporizer used for vaporizing LNG, seawater used as a heat source) This is to prevent corrosion of the base metal by utilizing the sacrificial anticorrosive action of the sacrificial anode film.

  As described above, in the open rack type vaporizer used for LNG vaporization, Al—Mn, Al—Mg, and other Al alloys are used as the base metal, so that the sacrificial anode film is an Al—Zn film. An Al—Zn alloy film is employed.

  The “site where the sacrificial anode film disappeared” means that the sacrificial anode film formed by the spraying method or the clad method is locally melted and partially disappeared and the base material is exposed or the base material is covered. This is a portion where a weld bead or the like is exposed. Here, it also includes a portion where “melting loss” before “extinguishing” has progressed remarkably. Further, the “part where the sacrificial anode film is damaged” is, for example, a part where the Al—Zn alloy film is mechanically damaged as described above, and includes a case where the film is peeled off.

  The resin material is a treatment agent that is applied to and penetrates the damaged part of the sacrificial anode film to increase the durability of the sacrificial anode film, or the like, or a sealing agent mainly composed of an epoxy resin. Examples thereof include treatment agents, adhesives, and paints. Any of these can enhance the durability and the like of the material.

  In the surface protection method of the present invention, the mixed repair agent is applied to the site where the sacrificial anode film disappears or is damaged, and the disappeared or damaged portion is shielded from the external environment (for example, seawater), so that the sacrificial anode film disappears. Or the damage is prevented from continuing.

  This prevents the sacrificial anode film and the base metal from being melted or mechanically damaged at the extinguished or damaged part, and is also used in the vicinity of the site where the mixed repair agent is applied. A functioning sacrificial anode can be exerted on a healthy sacrificial anode film that is not damaged. Since local disappearance and damage of the sacrificial anode film can be suppressed and the sacrificial anode film can be melted (consumed) over a wide range, it is possible to maintain the function of protecting the base material for a long period of time.

  As the mixed repair agent, a metal powder and a resin material, which are the same material as the sacrificial anode film covering the surface of the open rack type vaporizer, are mixed, dispersed, and kneaded into a paste.

  The reason why the metal powder of the same material as that of the sacrificial anode film is mixed is that the applied mixed repair agent itself has a function as a sacrificial anode. As described above, by applying a mixed repair agent to the part where the sacrificial anode film disappeared or damaged, it is possible to block the disappeared or damaged part from the external environment and suppress the damage of the sacrificial anode film to a considerable extent. It is. However, the base metal is corroded through the defective part and the fine hole of the applied mixed repair agent. In that case, since conductivity can be imparted by mixing the metal powder with the resin material, the applied mixed repairing agent itself exhibits a sacrificial anticorrosion function and contributes to prevention of corrosion of the base metal.

  The mixing amount of the metal powder is not strictly limited, and a sacrificial anticorrosive action can be exhibited if it is included to some extent. On the other hand, if the mixing amount is too large, the adhesion of the repair agent, the coating workability, etc. will be adversely affected. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately determine the repair location according to the state of the repaired portion, that is, the shape of the portion where the sacrificial anode film has disappeared or damaged, the location where the sacrificial anode film is generated, and the like.

  Further, the particle size of the metal powder is not particularly specified. The particle size may be such that it is dispersed almost uniformly in the resin material and conductivity is recognized. For example, if the maximum particle size of the metal powder is 200 μm, and the particle size is too small, the cost increases for miniaturization and uniform dispersion is difficult, so the minimum particle size can be 10 μm. The desirable particle size of the metal powder is 10 to 50 μm.

  Examples of the resin material include a sealing agent, an adhesive, and a paint. However, the resin material is not limited to these, and the surface protection method of the present invention, such as corrosion resistance and coating workability, is commercially available. As a repair agent used in the above, a material having necessary performance can be selected and used.

  The mixed repair agent used in the present invention is a mixture of this resin material mixed with metal powder of the same material as the sacrificial anode film and made into a paste. Since the range of the disappearance or damage portion of the sacrificial anode film is usually limited, the application to the disappearance or damage portion may be performed by brushing or spatula coating. Depending on the extent of extinction or damage, the extent of damage, etc., spray coating, roller coating, etc. can be employed. In addition, it is desirable to apply the mixed repairing agent to the extinguished or damaged part and its periphery. This is because the sacrificial anode film around the extinguished or damaged part is often melted or damaged.

  In the surface protection method of the open rack type vaporizer according to the present invention, if the sacrificial anode film is an Al-Zn alloy film and the resin material is mainly composed of an epoxy resin, the method of the present invention is an LNG This is extremely effective as an emergency protection method against local damage on the surface of the open rack type vaporizer used for vaporization.

  That the sacrificial anode film is an Al—Zn alloy film means that the base metal or the like to be protected is an Al alloy such as Al—Mn or Al—Mg. This Al—Zn-based alloy film usually refers to a film such as an Al-2% Zn alloy generally used as a material for forming a sacrificial anode film in an open rack vaporizer used for vaporizing LNG. However, in addition to the Al—Zn alloy containing 5-30% Zn described in the above-mentioned Patent Document 2 and the above-mentioned 5-30% Zn, among Sn, Hg, Ga and Cd It may be a film of an Al—Zn alloy having a sacrificial anticorrosive action on a base metal, such as an Al—Zn alloy containing a predetermined amount of one or more kinds.

  In this embodiment, the Al—Zn-based alloy powder is used as the metal powder to be mixed with the resin material containing epoxy resin as a main component, but the particle size and mixing amount of the metal powder are not particularly limited. . As described above, it may be determined as appropriate in consideration of the state of the repair site, the uniform dispersibility in the resin material, the adhesion of the repair agent, the coating workability, and the like.

  By using a resin material mainly composed of epoxy resin and applying it to the part where the sacrificial anode film disappears or is damaged, the part is cut off from the external environment and the disappearance or damage progress of the sacrificial anode film is effective. It is desirable because it can be suppressed. Epoxy resins have very good adhesion, have a hard coating film and good wear resistance, and are excellent in water resistance and chemical resistance.

  There is no particular limitation on the content of the epoxy resin, the solvent used, and the like. Dealing with Al-Zn alloy damage in the vicinity of the joint between the heat transfer tube 2 and the lower header 4 of the open rack type vaporizer used for LNG vaporization (see FIG. 2A) In order to achieve this, it is necessary to take into account the adhesiveness of the mixed repair agent and the resistance to mechanical damage (corrosion resistance, wear resistance, etc.) caused by the mechanical action superimposed on the corrosive action of seawater. In addition, it may be determined appropriately in consideration of the situation such as damage and the workability of coating.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a state in which the mixed repair agent is applied to a site where the sacrificial anode film disappears or is damaged near the joint between the heat transfer tube and the lower header of the open rack type vaporizer. In FIG. 4, a portion surrounded by a broken line is a construction portion, and shows a state in which the mixed repair agent is applied to the damaged portion 10 shown in FIG. The damaged portion 10 exists in the vicinity of the joint portion between the lower header 4 and the heat transfer tube 2 so as to extend from the surface of the lower header 4 to the surface of the weld bead 2b surrounding the heat transfer tube 2, and has a unique curved shape. However, according to the surface protection method of the present invention, it can be easily repaired by brushing or the like.

  Specifically, with respect to such a damaged portion, a commercially available epoxy resin paint is made of Al-2% Zn alloy powder in a mass ratio of 30 to 70%, more preferably 50% to 60%. As a result of applying the mixed repair agent mixed and dispersed as described above, it was possible to suppress the progress of damage without performing repair by re-spraying, and it was confirmed that it was extremely effective as an emergency treatment.

  FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing a state in which the mixed repair agent is applied to a site where the sacrificial anode film is damaged in the lower header portion of the open rack type vaporizer. In FIG. 5, a portion surrounded by a broken line is a construction portion, and shows a state in which the mixed repair agent is applied to the damaged portion 11 shown in FIG. 3 and its periphery. Since the damaged portion 11 is protected by this repair, the subsequent sacrificial anode film is prevented from being melted and damaged.

  The surface protection method of the open rack type vaporizer of the present invention described above does not occur in a normal use state, for example, the sacrificial anode film disappears or is damaged near the joint between the heat transfer tube and the lower header, and the base material This is a surface protection method that can be quickly treated when the substrate is exposed or when the base material is likely to be exposed.

  In carrying out the surface protection method of the present invention, it is only necessary to apply a mixed repair agent in which a metal powder of the same material as the sacrificial anode film is added to the resin material to the disappearance or damaged part of the sacrificial anode film. Is very easy and does not pose a danger. In addition, by applying mixed repair agent, it is possible to prevent the sacrificial anode film from melting or damaging by blocking the extinguished or damaged part from the external environment, so as an emergency protection method until repair by re-spraying It is extremely effective.

  Furthermore, if the surface protection method of the present invention is applied, it is not necessary to stop the device for a long period of time for repair, so that the influence on the operation plan can be avoided, and the repair plan can be changed significantly. Since it becomes unnecessary, the effect is great also in the maintenance management of the open rack type vaporizer.

  The surface protection method of the open rack type vaporizer of the present invention is a method of applying a mixed repairing agent of a metal powder and a resin material of the same material as the sacrificial anode film to the disappearance or damaged part of the sacrificial anode film. According to the protection method, the sacrificial anode film can be prevented from being melted or damaged, and an emergency protection effect can be obtained until repair by re-spraying. Construction is extremely easy, and there is no need to urgently stop the apparatus, so that it is possible to prevent an influence on the operation plan.

  Therefore, the surface protection method of the open rack type vaporizer according to the present invention can greatly contribute to the maintenance management of the open rack type vaporizer used for vaporizing LNG, and further to the planned implementation of the operation.

It is a figure which illustrates typically the heat exchange panel which comprises the principal part of the open rack type vaporizer used for vaporization of LNG, (a) is a front view, (b) is an AA arrow view of (a). FIG. It is a figure which shows the vicinity of the coupling | bond part of the heat exchanger tube and lower header of the open rack type vaporizer used for vaporization of LNG, and expanded and showed typically the part enclosed with the broken line S1 of Fig.1 (a). FIG. It is a figure which shows the site | part of the lower header of the open rack type vaporizer used for vaporization of LNG, and is the figure which expanded and schematically showed the part enclosed with the broken line S2 of the said Fig.1 (a). It is a figure which shows typically the state which apply | coated the mixed repair agent to the site | part where the sacrificial anode film | membrane disappeared or was damaged in the vicinity of the joint part of the heat exchanger tube and lower header of an open rack type vaporizer. It is a figure which shows typically the state which apply | coated the mixed repair agent to the site | part where the sacrificial anode film | membrane was damaged in the lower header part of an open rack type vaporizer.

Explanation of symbols

1: Heat exchange panel 2: Heat transfer pipe, 2b: Weld bead 3: Upper header 4: Lower header 5: Upper manifold 6: Lower manifold 7: Trough 8: Seawater pipe
9: Fin 10, 11: Damaged part

Claims (2)

  An open rack type characterized in that a mixed repair agent of a metal powder and a resin material of the same material as the sacrificial anode film is applied to a portion where the sacrificial anode film covering the surface of the open rack type vaporizer disappeared or damaged How to protect the vaporizer surface.   2. The surface protection method for an open rack type vaporizer according to claim 1, wherein the sacrificial anode film is an Al-Zn alloy film, and the resin material is mainly composed of an epoxy resin.

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