JP2008229580A - Crushing method and crushing system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crushing method and a crushing system whose size is small and whose safety is high enough to decreasing crushing sizes. <P>SOLUTION: The system has a casing 10, an injection port 10a which is opened at the upper end of the casing 10 to get a cast of objects to be processed discharged from a biaxial shearing-type crushing device, a distributing damper 11 which is slantly disposed so as to section the inside of the casing 10 downwardly of the port 10a and has a plurality of vertical slits, a discharging port 10b that discharges the objects to be processed passing through the slit 11c of the damper 11 to the next process, and a returning port 10d that re-sends the objects to be processed sliding down the damper 11 to the biaxial shearing-type crushing device without passing through it, and discharges only objects to be processed of less than predetermined sizes to the next process. In addition, it is preferable that an erecting means 13 that erects the damper 11 and a scraping means 12 are provided to remove objects to be processed that clog the slits. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a crushing method and a crushing system for crushing a processed material such as waste.

  Large general waste such as industrial waste and bulky waste contains recyclable resources such as iron and aluminum. A crushing device is widely used as a pretreatment device for facilitating recovery of resources such as iron and aluminum from such waste. A magnetic separator for recovering iron and an aluminum separator for recovering aluminum are installed at the subsequent stage of the crushing device, and a recycling facility that sorts and recovers iron, aluminum, etc. from the crushed material is actually used. Is up and running. In facilities that recycle large-scale waste such as oversized waste, the size of the processed material after crushing (hereinafter referred to as crushing size) is reduced by various crushing devices. There is a shearing crushing device. This multi-axis shearing type crushing device is a set of one or more adjacently arranged crushing blades that rotate at low speed, and crushes the processed material by shearing. Among them, two axes having two axes Many shearing crushers are used. In the biaxial shearing type crushing device, when the crushing dimension depends on the crushing blade size, the crushing blade has a large diameter and a large thickness, the processed material after crushing may become large (long). When the processed material is large, iron is not adsorbed well by the magnetic separator or aluminum does not fly well by the aluminum sorter, so it cannot be sorted well. Therefore, the recovery rate and purity of iron and aluminum are low. There was a problem of being lowered. Further, there has been a problem that the recovery rate and the recovery purity are lowered by involving a processed material other than iron or aluminum in a magnetic separator or an aluminum separator.

  As described above, in order to recycle iron and aluminum with higher purity and higher recovery rate, it is necessary to reduce the crushing dimensions of the processed material as much as possible. For this reason, in order to further improve the recovery rate and recovery purity of iron and aluminum, two biaxial shearing crushing devices are installed in series, and the size of the crushing blade of the subsequent biaxial shearing crushing device is set to Often smaller than the ones to reduce the crushing dimensions. However, when two biaxial shearing crushing devices are installed in series in this way, there are problems that a large installation space is required, and that construction costs and maintenance costs increase. Alternatively, there are facilities that perform rough cutting by manual work, but there is a problem that even if rough cutting is performed, there is a limit to the size, and it is not efficient because it is manual work.

Therefore, as disclosed in Patent Document 1, there is a crushing system in which a hammer crusher is installed in combination with a subsequent stage of a biaxial shear crusher. This hammer-type crushing device attaches a hammer-like crushing blade to a rotor that rotates at high speed, and crushes the processed material by impact, shearing or crushing action between it and an impact plate or bar fixed to the casing. . This hammer-type crushing device is crushed to a size that allows the processed product to break through the screen and is discharged, so that even a single-stage type can be crushed to a desired crushing size. However, this hammer-type crushing device is a crusher that rotates at high speed when a can or cylinder containing flammable gas is mixed in the processed material and is crushed and the flammable gas fills the crushing device. There is a high risk of fire, explosion, etc. due to sparks caused by the impact between the blade and the processed material. Therefore, it is usually necessary to take safety measures such as a combustible gas detector, a fire detector, an explosion detector, an automatic fire extinguishing device, a ventilating device, and a non-combustible gas blowing device. there were. In addition, the hammer type crusher is a method that crushes by the impact of a crushing blade that rotates at high speed, and the crushing blade does not bite the processed material like a biaxial shear type crusher. There is a problem that a certain amount of space for jumping up and staying is required, and the crushing apparatus itself becomes large.
JP 11-319623 A

  The present invention solves the above problems, and provides a crushing method and a crushing system that can reduce crushing dimensions, have high safety, and do not become large in size.

  The present invention made in order to solve the above-mentioned problem is to sort a processed material crushed by a biaxial shearing crusher into a predetermined size or larger or smaller than a predetermined size, and the processed material of a predetermined size or larger is again the same. It is characterized by crushing with a biaxial shearing crushing apparatus and discharging only a processed product smaller than a predetermined size to the next process.

  In the system embodying the crushing method of the present invention, a processed product of a predetermined size or more is returned to the same biaxial shearing crushing device in the subsequent stage of the biaxial shearing crushing device, and only the processed product smaller than the predetermined size is processed in the next step. A sorter for discharging is provided.

  The sorter is disposed in a slant so as to separate the inside of the casing below the charging port and a charging port that is opened above the casing and into which the processed material discharged from the biaxial shearing crusher is charged. In addition, a distribution damper having a plurality of vertical slits, a discharge port for discharging the processed material that has passed through the sieve portion of the distribution damper to the next process, and sliding down on the distribution damper without passing through the distribution damper It is preferable to have a return port for returning the processed material to the biaxial shearing crusher again.

  In addition, the lower end of the sorting damper is pivotally supported by the casing and provided with an erection means for raising the sorting damper, and by dropping the sorting damper, the processed material that closes the sieve portion is dropped to the return port. Thus, it is preferable to remove the processed material that closes the sieve portion.

  In addition, a bar or plate-like scraper installed on the rotating shaft is used to penetrate the slit of the slit-type sieve part constituted by a vertically long slit and scrape the processed material caught on the slit. It is preferable that the scraping blade having the take-up member is rotatably attached to the side surface of the casing.

  Moreover, it is preferable to provide a blockage detection sensor for detecting the blockage of the slit.

  The processed material crushed by the biaxial shearing type crusher is selected to be larger than the predetermined size or smaller than the predetermined size, and the processed material of the predetermined size or larger is again crushed by the biaxial shearing type crusher and smaller than the predetermined size. Since only the treated product is discharged to the next process, it is possible to reduce the crushing dimension and to provide a crushing method in which the equipment does not become large. Further, since the crushing blade of the biaxial shearing crushing device is usually a low-speed rotation type, unlike the hammer crushing device, a spark is hardly generated by the impact between the processed material and the crushing blade. For this reason, fires and explosions are less likely to occur compared to hammer-type crushing devices, and safety is high. In addition, safety devices for combating fires and explosions can be minimized. There is no big deal. Moreover, since it becomes possible to make a crushing dimension small only with one stage of a biaxial shearing breaker, the installation space is not increased, and the initial cost and running cost are not increased.

  As a system that embodies the crushing method of the present invention, a processed product of a predetermined size or more is returned before the biaxial shear type crushing device to the subsequent stage of the biaxial shearing type crushing device, and only the processed material smaller than the predetermined size is next. As a preferred embodiment of this sorter, there is provided a sorter for discharging into the process, a casing, an input port for opening a processed product discharged from a biaxial shearing crusher opened above the casing, and this input Distributing dampers having a sieving part, which are inclined so as to divide the inside of the casing below the mouth, a discharge port for discharging the processed material that has passed through the sieving part of the allocating damper to the next process, and passing through the sizing damper Without having to do so, it has a return port for returning the processed material that slides down on the sorting damper to the front of the biaxial shearing type crushing device, so that only one stage of the biaxial shearing type crushing device is provided. It is possible to reduce the fracture dimensions, it has become possible to provide a crushing method equipment is not larger than the two-stage crushing heretofore required. In addition, since the crushing blade of the biaxial shearing crusher is usually a low-speed rotation type, sparks are hardly generated due to the impact of the processed material and the crushing blade. For this reason, fires and explosions are less likely to occur compared to hammer-type crushing devices, and safety is high. In addition, the safety devices for combating fires and explosions can be minimized, and the equipment There is no big deal. Further, since the crushing size can be reduced by only one stage of the biaxial shearing crushing apparatus, the installation space is not increased, and the initial cost and running cost are not increased.

  In addition, the lower end of the sorting damper is pivotally supported by the casing and provided with an erection means for raising the sorting damper, and by dropping the sorting damper, the processed material that closes the sieve portion is dropped to the return port. If the processed material that closes the sieving portion is removed, it is possible to prevent the sieving portion from being blocked by the processed material and preventing the processed material smaller than the predetermined size from being discharged from the discharge port.

  In addition, when the sieving part is of a slit type, a rod or a plate-like scraping planted on the rotary shaft is used to penetrate the slit of the slit type sieving part and scrape the processed material caught on the slit. When the scraping blade having the member is rotatably attached to the side surface of the casing, it is possible to more reliably remove the processed material that closes the slit.

  Further, if the sieving portion is a slit type constituted by a rod-like member or plate-like member planted at a predetermined interval, and the adjacent rod-like member or plate-like member can swing independently, the slit is closed. It becomes possible to easily remove the processed product.

  Moreover, if the blockage detection sensor which detects the blockage | closure of a sieve part is provided, it will become possible to detect the obstruction | occlusion of a sieve part reliably and to remove the processed material which obstruct | occludes a sieve part.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a crushing system. 1 is a supply conveyor, 2 is a horizontal biaxial shearing crusher, 3 is a sorter, 4 is a conveyor, 5 is a magnetic separator, and 6 is an aluminum sorter.

  The supply conveyor 1 is used for feeding processed materials such as industrial waste and large-scale general waste such as bulky waste into the horizontal biaxial shearing crushing device 2. In addition, large-sized general waste such as bulky waste includes wooden or steel furniture such as chiffons, desks, chairs, and shelves, home appliances, and bicycles.

  The horizontal biaxial shearing crushing apparatus 2 crushes a processed material by shearing it with a pair of crushing blades 2a rotating at a low speed and arranged adjacently.

  The sorter 3 is disposed below the horizontal biaxial shearing crusher 2. The sorter 3 sorts the processed material crushed by the horizontal biaxial shearing crusher 2 into a predetermined size or larger or smaller than a predetermined size, and returns the processed material larger than the predetermined size to the supply conveyor 1. The treated product is again put into the horizontal biaxial shearing crushing device 2 and crushed, and only the treated product smaller than a predetermined size is discharged to the next step (conveyor 4). This sorter 3 will be described later in detail.

  A processed product smaller than a predetermined size discharged from the sorter 3 is transported to the next process by the transport conveyor 4. At this time, the iron contained in the processed material is recovered by the magnetic force of the magnetic separator 5, and the aluminum contained in the processed material is blown and recovered by the eddy current effect of the aluminum sorter 6, and is transported to the recycling facility.

  FIG. 2 shows a detailed view of the sorter 3. As shown in FIG. 2, the sorter 3 mainly includes a casing 10, a sorting damper 11, and a scraping blade 12.

  The casing 10 has a box shape. The upper part of the casing 10 is open and serves as a charging part 10a. A processed product discharged from the horizontal biaxial shearing crushing apparatus 2 is input into the casing 10 from the input unit 10a. The lower end of the casing 10 is open and serves as a discharge port 10b. A return chute 10c having a rectangular cross section branches from one side surface of the casing 10 in an obliquely downward direction. The lower end of the return chute 10c is open and serves as a return port 10d.

  FIG. 3 shows an AA arrow view of FIG. 2 and shows a detailed view when the sorting damper 11 is of a slit type. As shown in FIG. 3, the sorting damper 11 has a plurality of rods or plate-like members 11 b planted at predetermined intervals on a rotating shaft 11 a. Adjacent bars or plate-like members 11b are arranged on the same plane. With this configuration, a plurality of vertical slits 11c are formed. In addition, the width dimension a of the slit 11c is 150 to 200 mm in this embodiment.

  The distribution damper 11 is inclined and arranged below the input port 10a so as to divide the inside of the casing 10 vertically. The sorting damper 11 is pivotally supported on the side surface of the casing 10 on the side where the return chute 10c is branched. The sorting damper 11 has a rotating shaft 11a on the lower side, and the shaft center of the rotating shaft 11a is the same as the crotch portion 10e, which is the lower end of the portion branched from the casing 10, so that the return chute 10c is the same. It is pivotally supported by 10 crotch parts 10e so that rocking is possible.

  Each part divided into the upper and lower sides inside the casing 10 communicates with the slit 11c. In this embodiment, the slit 11c is formed by a rod or a plate member 11c planted at a predetermined interval on the rotating shaft 11a. However, a vertically long hole is formed in the plate member. A vertical slit may be formed to constitute the sorting damper. The slit 11c serves as a sieving part for selecting a processed object according to size. The sieving portion may have a slit shape as shown in FIG. 3, but may have a lattice shape or a hole shape.

  The distribution damper 11 is configured to stand up by an air cylinder 13 that is a stand-up means. The standing means is not limited to the air cylinder 13, and includes any means for raising the sorting damper 11, and even standing means using power from a hydraulic cylinder, an electric cylinder, an electric motor, an engine, or the like. There is no problem.

  A scraping blade 12 is rotatably supported on the side surface of the casing 10 on the side where the return chute 10c is branched. The scraping blade 12 includes a rotating shaft 12a and a bar or plate-shaped scraping member 12b planted at a predetermined interval on the rotating shaft 12a. The interval between adjacent scraping members 12b is the same as the interval between adjacent slits 11c. A rotating shaft 12 a of the scraping blade 12 is pivotally supported on the side surface of the casing 10. With such a configuration, the scraping member 12b enters the slit 11c.

  A clogging detection sensor 14 is attached inside the casing 10. The blockage detection sensor 14 detects the blockage of the slit 11c due to the processed material. The blockage detection sensor 14 is, for example, a photoelectric tube type composed of a light projector 14a and a light receiver 14b attached to opposite side surfaces of the casing 10, and a signal emitted from the light projector 14a passes through the slit 11c. The light passes through and is received by the light receiver 14b. When the light receiver 14b does not receive the signal emitted from the projector 14a, it detects that the slit 11c is closed.

  The occlusion detection sensor 14 may be a contact type or an ultrasonic type. The contact type blockage detection sensor 14 includes a blade type sensor. The blade-type blockage detection sensor 14 is configured such that when the processing object accumulates in the casing 10 when the processing object closes the slit 11c, the rotating blades attached to the casing 10 When the rotation of the blade stops, the blockage of the slit 11c is detected by contacting the blade.

  Next, the operation of the present invention will be described. The processed material crushed by the horizontal biaxial shearing crushing device 2 is fed into the sorter 10 through the inlet 10a. The processed material input from the input port 10a is mixed with processed products of various sizes. A processed product smaller than the width a of the slit 11c passes through the slit 11c and is discharged from the discharge port 10b.

  On the other hand, a processed product having a width a or more of the slit 11c is guided to the return chute 10c and discharged from the return port 10d while sliding on the rod-like member 11b of the sorting damper 11 without passing through the slit 11c. . The processed product discharged from the return port 10d is returned again to the horizontal biaxial shearing crusher 2 by the supply conveyor 1 and crushed. In this way, the processed product crushed by the horizontal biaxial shearing crushing device 2 is selected to be larger than a predetermined size or smaller than the predetermined size, and the processed product of a predetermined size or larger is selected from the horizontal biaxial shearing crushing device 2. Since it was returned to the front and again crushed by the same biaxial shearing crushing apparatus 2 and only the processed material smaller than the predetermined size was discharged to the next process, the crushing dimension can be reduced.

  By changing the width dimension a of the slit 11c, the size of the processed material discharged from the discharge port 10b can be set to a desired crushing dimension.

  Since the processed product of a predetermined size or more is circulated by being returned to the horizontal biaxial shearing crushing device 2, there is a concern that the capacity of each device such as the supply conveyor 1 is increased. The equipment in the crushing system has a very large margin in equipment capacity because the conveyor width, each opening size, etc. are large so that large waste can be conveyed and processed, so the capacity of each equipment is increased. There is no need to do.

  When the processed material closes the slit 11c and the blockage detection sensor 14 detects the blockage of the slit 11c, the air cylinder 13 as the standing means is activated and the sorting means 11 stands. At this time, the processed material closing the slit 11c falls from the return chute 10c to the return port 10d by its own weight. Note that the standing angle of the sorting damper 11 may be configured to be inclined (for example, about 30 °) toward the return port 10d instead of vertical. In this case, since the caught processing object falls due to its own weight, it becomes possible to remove the processing object from the slit 11 more smoothly.

  In some cases, the removal of the processed material closing the slit 11c may not be sufficient if the sorting means 11 is erected. Therefore, the sorting means 11 is erected and the scraping blade 12 is rotated to remove the scraping member 12b. Is made to enter the slit 11c to scrape and remove the processed material that closes the slit 11c. In addition, when a sieve part is a grid | lattice form or a hole shape, it is supposed that the processed material which obstruct | occludes a sieve part will be installed by installing the linear motion push type obstruction | occlusion body extrusion mechanism.

  Alternatively, the adjacent rod-like member 11b or plate-like member 11b can be independently rocked, and the processed material closing the slit 11c can be removed.

  As described above, since the sorter 3 is provided at the subsequent stage of the horizontal biaxial shearing crushing device 2, only the processed material having a width dimension a of the slit 11c is discharged to the next process. When the processed product is crushed using only one horizontal biaxial shear crusher 2, the recovery rate of iron and aluminum contained in the processed product is about 80%, and the recovery purity is about 90%. However, after the horizontal biaxial shearing crushing device 2, a processed product of a predetermined size or more is selected, and this processed product is again put into the same horizontal biaxial shearing crushing device 2 to select the magnetic separator 5 or the aluminum separator. If it leads to the machine 6, both the recovery rate and recovery purity of iron and aluminum will be improved to 95% or more.

  In the present embodiment, the sorter 3 sorts the processing objects according to the size by the sorting damper 11 having a plurality of vertical slits 11c that are inclined so as to partition the inside of the casing 10, but the sorting is performed. The damper may be a sieve-shaped one, and the processed material may be distributed according to the size. The sorter 3 can be applied to various mechanisms, for example, a trommel (rotary screen, the screen is conical or cylindrical, and the screen can be rotated horizontally or slightly inclined. And the processed material is supplied to the inner surface of the sieving surface, and the sieving surface is rotated at a low speed to select the processed material), or a vibration type.

  Although the present invention has been described above in connection with the most practical and preferred embodiments at the present time, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed herein. It is understood that the present invention can be modified as appropriate without departing from the spirit or concept of the invention that can be read from the claims and the entire specification, and the crushing method and crushing system involving such a change are also included in the technical scope. It must be.

It is explanatory drawing of a crushing system. It is detail drawing of a sorter. It is detail drawing of a distribution damper. (A-A arrow view of FIG. 2)

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Supply conveyor 2 Horizontal type 2 axis | shaft shearing crusher 2a Crushing blade 3 Sorter 4 Conveyor 5 Magnetic separator 6 Aluminum sorter 10 Casing 10a Input port 10b Discharge port 10c Return chute 10d Return port 10e Crotch part 11 Sorting damper 11a Rotating shaft 11b Bar-shaped member 11c Slit 12 Scraping blade 12a Rotating shaft 12b Scraping member 13 Air cylinder 14 Occlusion detection sensor 14a Light projector 14b Light receiver a Slit width dimension

Claims (7)

  The processed material crushed by the biaxial shearing type crusher is selected to be larger than a predetermined size or smaller than the predetermined size, and the processed material of a predetermined size or larger is returned to the front of the biaxial shearing type crusher and again the same 2 A crushing method characterized by crushing with a shaft shearing crusher and discharging only a processed product smaller than a predetermined size to the next step.   A sorting machine is provided at the subsequent stage of the biaxial shearing crushing apparatus to return the processed material of a predetermined size or more to the front of the biaxial shearing crushing device and discharge only the processed material smaller than the predetermined size to the next process. And crushing system.   The sorter is disposed in a slant so as to partition the casing, the inlet opening above the casing into which the processed material discharged from the biaxial shearing crusher is charged, and the inside of the casing below the inlet. The sorting damper having a sieving part, a discharge port for discharging the processed material passing through the sieving part of the sorting damper to the next process, and sliding down on the sorting damper without passing through the sieving part of the sorting damper. The crushing system according to claim 2, further comprising a return port that returns the processed material to the biaxial shearing crusher again.   The lower end of the sorting damper is pivotally supported on the casing so as to be able to swing, and an erecting means for raising the sorting damper is provided, and by raising the sorting damper, the processed material closing the sieve portion is dropped to the return port, The crushing system according to claim 3, wherein a processed material that closes the sieve portion is removed.   A rod or plate-like scraping member implanted on the rotating shaft for intruding into the slit of the slit type sieving part constituted by a vertically long slit and scraping the processed material caught on the slit The crushing system according to any one of claims 3 and 4, wherein a scraping blade having a ring is rotatably attached to a side surface of the casing.   The adjacent slit-type sieve member constituted by a rod-like member or plate-like member planted at a predetermined interval can be independently rocked, and the slit-type sieve portion is closed. The crushing system according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein a processed product is removed.   The crushing system according to claim 3, further comprising a clogging detection sensor that detects clogging of the sieving portion.

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