JP2008207071A - Method for removing arsenic in contaminated water and treatment agent used for it - Google Patents
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本発明は、ヒ素に汚染された地下水や河川水、湖沼水、各種排水などからヒ素を除去する方法、およびヒ素除去用の処理剤に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for removing arsenic from groundwater contaminated with arsenic, river water, lake water, various effluents, and the like, and a treatment agent for removing arsenic.
近年、土壌や地下水の重金属による汚染が社会的問題となっている。なかでもヒ素による汚染例が多い。ヒ素の環境基準および飲料水基準は０．０１ｍｇ／Ｌであり、排水基準は０．１ｍｇ／Ｌである。そのため、これを超える濃度でヒ素を含有する地下水または排水は、汚染水として浄化処理を施す必要がある。 In recent years, contamination by soil and groundwater heavy metals has become a social problem. Among them, there are many cases of contamination with arsenic. The environmental standard and drinking water standard for arsenic is 0.01 mg / L, and the drainage standard is 0.1 mg / L. Therefore, groundwater or wastewater containing arsenic at a concentration exceeding this needs to be purified as contaminated water.
ヒ素含有水の処理法としては、鉄粉により、水中のヒ素を吸着させることが知られており、鉄粉のヒ素吸着能力を向上させるために、様々な提案がなされている。例えば特許文献１は、ヒ素の除去剤として、表面が鉄水酸化物で被覆された鉄粉を開示している。また特許文献２は、所定量のＳを含有する鉄粉表面の鉄酸化物および／または水酸化物に、水中のヒ素を吸着させる方法を開示している。
ヒ素に汚染された地下水などのｐＨは、周りの環境により様々に変化する。例えば炭酸水素ナトリウムまたはその他のアルカリ成分が溶存する地下水では、ｐＨ８程度の弱アルカリ性を示すものがある。また排水等では、さらに高いアルカリ性を示すものがある。しかしヒ素含有水のｐＨが高くなると、鉄粉へのヒ素吸着量が低下するという問題を見出した。そこで本発明の目的は、アルカリ性であるヒ素含有水中のヒ素を効率よく除去し得る方法を提供することである。 The pH of groundwater contaminated with arsenic varies depending on the surrounding environment. For example, some groundwater in which sodium bicarbonate or other alkali components are dissolved exhibits a weak alkalinity of about pH 8. Some drainage and the like exhibit higher alkalinity. However, it has been found that when the pH of arsenic-containing water is increased, the amount of arsenic adsorption to iron powder is reduced. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of efficiently removing arsenic in arsenic-containing water that is alkaline.
上記目的を達成し得た本発明とは、ヒ素含有水中のヒ素を除去するための方法であり、該方法は、鉄粉と酸性溶液とを接触させることにより得られた酸処理鉄粉に、水中のヒ素を吸着させて除去することを特徴とする。 The present invention that has achieved the above-mentioned object is a method for removing arsenic in arsenic-containing water, and this method is applied to acid-treated iron powder obtained by bringing iron powder into contact with an acidic solution. It is characterized by adsorbing and removing arsenic in water.
前記酸性溶液として、（１）鉄塩を含まないもの、（２）水、並びに硫酸、硝酸、塩酸、クエン酸、酢酸、ギ酸およびリン酸よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種からなる酸性水溶液、（３）４以下のｐＨを有する酸性水溶液が好ましい。本発明の方法は、中性から弱アルカリ性であるヒ素含有水中のヒ素を除去するために、特に有用である。 As the acidic solution, (1) one containing no iron salt, (2) water, and an acidic aqueous solution consisting of at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid and phosphoric acid, (3) An acidic aqueous solution having a pH of 4 or less is preferred. The method of the present invention is particularly useful for removing arsenic in arsenic-containing water that is neutral to weakly alkaline.
本発明は、ヒ素含有水中のヒ素を除去するための除去剤も提供し、該除去剤は、水、並びに硫酸、硝酸、塩酸、クエン酸、酢酸、ギ酸およびリン酸よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種からなる酸性水溶液と鉄粉とを接触させることにより得られた酸処理鉄粉を含むことを特徴とする。 The present invention also provides a remover for removing arsenic in arsenic-containing water, wherein the remover is at least selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid and phosphoric acid. It contains an acid-treated iron powder obtained by bringing an acidic aqueous solution composed of one kind into contact with iron powder.
本発明によれば、酸性溶液で処理した酸処理鉄粉は、アルカリ性のヒ素含有水中のヒ素を効率よく除去することができる。 According to the present invention, acid-treated iron powder treated with an acidic solution can efficiently remove arsenic in alkaline arsenic-containing water.
アルカリ性のヒ素含有水中のヒ素を効率よく除去するために本発明者らが鋭意検討を重ねた結果、あらかじめ酸性溶液と接触させた酸処理鉄粉は、無処理鉄粉に比べて、アルカリ性ヒ素含有水中のヒ素を効率よく除去できることを見出した。なお上述の特許文献１および２には、アルカリ性のヒ素含有水では鉄粉のヒ素吸着量が低下するという課題、およびそれを解決するために、鉄粉をあらかじめ酸性溶液と接触させるという技術的思想は開示されていない。 As a result of the extensive studies by the present inventors in order to efficiently remove arsenic in alkaline arsenic-containing water, the acid-treated iron powder contacted with an acidic solution in advance contains alkaline arsenic compared to untreated iron powder. It was found that arsenic in water can be removed efficiently. In Patent Documents 1 and 2 described above, the problem that the amount of arsenic adsorption of iron powder decreases in alkaline arsenic-containing water, and the technical idea that iron powder is brought into contact with an acidic solution in advance to solve the problem. Is not disclosed.
アルカリ性のヒ素含有水では、酸処理鉄粉が、無処理鉄粉よりも効率よくヒ素を吸着できるメカニズムは、以下のように推定される。但し本発明はこの推定に限定されない：ヒ素含有水中でヒ素は、通常、酸化物イオン（例えばヒ酸イオンまたは亜ヒ酸イオンなど）の形態で溶存しており、鉄粉表面の鉄酸化物または水酸化物は、このヒ酸イオンなどを効率よく吸着する。この鉄酸化物または水酸化物のヒ素の吸着作用は、ヒ素含有水のｐＨが高いとが阻害されるが、鉄粉をあらかじめ酸で処理しておくことで、吸着作用が阻害されにくくなると考えられる。 In alkaline arsenic-containing water, the mechanism by which acid-treated iron powder can adsorb arsenic more efficiently than untreated iron powder is estimated as follows. However, the present invention is not limited to this estimation: In arsenic-containing water, arsenic is usually dissolved in the form of oxide ions (for example, arsenate ions or arsenite ions), Hydroxides efficiently adsorb these arsenate ions and the like. The adsorption action of iron oxide or hydroxide arsenic is inhibited when the pH of arsenic-containing water is high, but it is considered that the adsorption action is less likely to be inhibited by treating iron powder with an acid in advance. It is done.
本発明において、鉄粉と接触させるための酸性溶液には、特に限定は無い。しかしコストの観点から、鉄塩などを含まない酸性溶液が好ましい。特に、水、並びに硫酸、硝酸、塩酸、クエン酸、酢酸、ギ酸およびリン酸よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも１種からなる酸性水溶液が好ましく、硫酸水溶液が特に好ましい。このような酸性水溶液、例えば硫酸水溶液は、工業的に市販されている。 In the present invention, the acidic solution for contacting with the iron powder is not particularly limited. However, from the viewpoint of cost, an acidic solution containing no iron salt or the like is preferable. In particular, water and an acidic aqueous solution composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, acetic acid, formic acid and phosphoric acid are preferred, and an aqueous sulfuric acid solution is particularly preferred. Such acidic aqueous solution, for example, sulfuric acid aqueous solution, is commercially available.
酸性溶液としてあまりに弱い酸を使用すると、鉄粉の酸処理による効果が発揮されない。そこで酸性水溶液を用いる場合、そのｐＨは４以下、好ましくは３以下であることが好ましい。一方、強い酸性溶液は、鉄粉との浸漬時間をコントロールすることにより使用可能であるが、取り扱いが不便である。特に、あまりに強い酸性溶液を用いると、鉄粉が完全に溶解するおそれもある。そこで酸性水溶液を用いる場合、そのｐＨは１以上、好ましくは２以上であることが好ましい。 If too weak acid is used as the acidic solution, the effect of the acid treatment of the iron powder is not exhibited. Therefore, when an acidic aqueous solution is used, its pH is 4 or less, preferably 3 or less. On the other hand, a strong acidic solution can be used by controlling the immersion time with the iron powder, but handling is inconvenient. In particular, if a too strong acidic solution is used, the iron powder may be completely dissolved. Therefore, when an acidic aqueous solution is used, the pH is preferably 1 or more, preferably 2 or more.
本発明において鉄粉の種類に特に限定は無く、工業的に入手可能なあらゆる鉄粉を用いることができる。鉄粉の種類として、例えばアトマイズ鉄粉、鋳鉄粉、およびスポンジ鉄粉、並びにこれらの鉄基完全合金粉および部分合金化粉などが挙げられる。鉄粉の平均粒径は、ヒ素の吸着能力および取扱い性の観点から、好ましくは１μｍ以上（より好ましくは５μｍ以上）であり、好ましくは５ｍｍ以下（より好ましくは１ｍｍ以下）である。 In the present invention, the type of iron powder is not particularly limited, and any iron powder that is industrially available can be used. Examples of the iron powder include atomized iron powder, cast iron powder, sponge iron powder, and these iron-based complete alloy powders and partially alloyed powders. The average particle diameter of the iron powder is preferably 1 μm or more (more preferably 5 μm or more), preferably 5 mm or less (more preferably 1 mm or less), from the viewpoints of arsenic adsorption ability and handleability.
本発明において、鉄粉と酸性溶液との接触方法には、特に限定は無く、例えば酸性溶液に鉄粉を浸漬させる方法、または鉄粉を充填したカラムに酸性溶液を流通させる方法などが挙げられる。 In the present invention, the method of contacting the iron powder with the acidic solution is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of immersing the iron powder in the acidic solution or a method of circulating the acidic solution through the column filled with the iron powder. .
鉄粉と酸性溶液とを接触させると、以下のような反応：
Ｆｅ＋２Ｈ+→Ｆｅ2+＋Ｈ2
により、溶液中の水素イオン量が変化する。そこで鉄粉と酸性溶液（特に酸性水溶液）との接触時間は、水素イオン量（またはｐＨ）の変化がほとんど一定になるまでの時間を目安に適宜決定すればよい。例として、鉄粉１ｇを硫酸水溶液１００ｍＬ（ｐＨ＝２または４）に浸漬させた際の、水素イオン消費量と処理時間のグラフを図１に示す。図１の場合、ｐＨ２において５０時間、ｐＨ４においては２０時間程度浸漬すると充分である。
When iron powder is contacted with an acidic solution, the following reactions occur:
Fe + 2H + → Fe 2+ + H 2
As a result, the amount of hydrogen ions in the solution changes. Therefore, the contact time between the iron powder and the acidic solution (especially acidic aqueous solution) may be appropriately determined based on the time until the change in the amount of hydrogen ions (or pH) becomes almost constant. As an example, a graph of hydrogen ion consumption and treatment time when 1 g of iron powder is immersed in 100 mL of sulfuric acid aqueous solution (pH = 2 or 4) is shown in FIG. In the case of FIG. 1, it is sufficient to immerse for about 50 hours at pH 2 and for about 20 hours at pH 4.
所定の接触時間の経過後に、鉄粉と酸性溶液とを分離する。分離して得られる酸性鉄粉を、必要に応じて水洗および乾燥してから、ヒ素含有水中のヒ素の除去に用いればよい。 After the elapse of a predetermined contact time, the iron powder and the acidic solution are separated. What is necessary is just to use for the removal of the arsenic in water containing arsenic, after washing | cleaning and drying the acidic iron powder obtained by isolate | separating as needed.
本発明において、酸処理鉄粉を含む除去剤にヒ素含有水を接触させる方法には、特に限定は無く、例えば（１）除去剤を適当な容器に充填し、これにヒ素含有水を通過させて接触させる方法、（２）除去剤をヒ素含有水に添加した後、撹拌・分散させてヒ素を捕捉する方法などが挙げられる。処理するヒ素含有水としては、中性から弱アルカリ性のものが好ましい。具体的にヒ素含有水のｐＨは、好ましくは７以上であり、好ましくは１２以下（より好ましくは８以下）である。 In the present invention, the method of bringing the arsenic-containing water into contact with the removing agent containing acid-treated iron powder is not particularly limited. For example, (1) the removing agent is filled in a suitable container and the arsenic-containing water is allowed to pass through And (2) a method of trapping arsenic by adding a removing agent to arsenic-containing water and then stirring and dispersing. The arsenic-containing water to be treated is preferably neutral to weakly alkaline. Specifically, the pH of the arsenic-containing water is preferably 7 or more, preferably 12 or less (more preferably 8 or less).
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例によって制限を受けるものではなく、上記・下記の趣旨に適合し得る範囲で適当に変更を加えて実施することも勿論可能であり、それらはいずれも本発明の技術的範囲に包含される。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited by the following examples, and appropriate modifications are made within a range that can meet the above and the following purposes. Of course, it is possible to implement them, and both are included in the technical scope of the present invention.
ヒ素汚染水のモデル液としてＡｓ濃度で１ｍｇ／Ｌ、１０ｍｇ／Ｌ、１００ｍｇ／Ｌ程度に調整したヒ酸カリウム（ＫＨ2ＡｓＯ4）水溶液を作成し、このモデル液（ヒ素含有水）のｐＨを、炭酸水素ナトリウムで、それぞれｐＨ＝８に調整した。 As a model solution for arsenic-contaminated water, an aqueous potassium arsenate (KH 2 AsO 4 ) solution adjusted to an As concentration of about 1 mg / L, 10 mg / L, and 100 mg / L was prepared. The pH of this model solution (arsenic-containing water) was The pH was adjusted to 8 with sodium hydrogen carbonate.
鉄粉として、アトマイズ法により作成した平均粒径が６５μｍであるものを用いた。この鉄粉を、ｐＨ＝２またはｐＨ＝４に調整した硫酸水溶液に１０ｇ／Ｌの割合で添加して、２０℃で７２時間撹拌させた後、鉄粉を取り出し、蒸留水で洗浄し、乾燥することにより酸処理鉄粉を作成した。用いた硫酸水溶液のｐＨにより、以下では、これらを「ｐＨ２処理鉄粉」または「ｐＨ４処理鉄粉」と表す。また比較例として、酸性溶液と接触させない「無処理鉄粉」を用いた。 An iron powder having an average particle diameter of 65 μm prepared by an atomizing method was used. After adding this iron powder to a sulfuric acid aqueous solution adjusted to pH = 2 or pH = 4 at a rate of 10 g / L and stirring at 20 ° C. for 72 hours, the iron powder is taken out, washed with distilled water, and dried. By doing so, acid-treated iron powder was prepared. Depending on the pH of the sulfuric acid aqueous solution used, these are hereinafter referred to as “pH 2 treated iron powder” or “pH 4 treated iron powder”. As a comparative example, “untreated iron powder” that was not brought into contact with the acidic solution was used.
酸処理鉄粉および無処理鉄粉１ｇを、それぞれ上記のヒ素含有水１００ｍＬに添加し、２０℃で７２時間、穏やかに撹拌した。７２時間後、撹拌を止めて鉄粉と上澄み液とを分離し、上澄み液中の残留ヒ素濃度をフレームレス原子吸光装置により分析した。ヒ素含有水の処理前および処理後のＡｓ濃度を以下の表１に記載する。 1 g of acid-treated iron powder and untreated iron powder were respectively added to 100 mL of the above arsenic-containing water and gently stirred at 20 ° C. for 72 hours. After 72 hours, stirring was stopped to separate the iron powder and the supernatant, and the residual arsenic concentration in the supernatant was analyzed by a flameless atomic absorption apparatus. The As concentration before and after the treatment of arsenic-containing water is shown in Table 1 below.
表１から明らかなように、ｐＨが８であるヒ素含有水からヒ素を吸着・除去する場合、無処理鉄粉を用いる比較例は、酸処理鉄粉を用いる本発明例と比べて、ヒ素吸着量が大幅に低下している。この結果から、酸性溶液で処理した鉄粉は、無処理鉄粉に比べて、アルカリ性のヒ素汚染水からヒ素を効率的に除去し得ることが分かる。 As is clear from Table 1, when arsenic is adsorbed and removed from arsenic-containing water having a pH of 8, the comparative example using untreated iron powder is more arsenic adsorbed than the present invention example using acid-treated iron powder. The amount has dropped significantly. From this result, it can be seen that the iron powder treated with the acidic solution can efficiently remove arsenic from the alkaline arsenic-contaminated water as compared with the untreated iron powder.
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| JP7105080B2 (en) | 2018-03-29 | 2022-07-22 | 前田建設工業株式会社 | Waste muddy water volume reduction treatment device and volume reduction treatment method |
| KR20210106336A (en) * | 2020-02-20 | 2021-08-30 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | Iron carbonate composites for removing heavy metal and preparation method thereof |
| KR102544214B1 (en) | 2020-02-20 | 2023-06-16 | 고려대학교 산학협력단 | Iron carbonate composites for removing heavy metal and preparation method thereof |
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