JP6208648B2 - Treatment agent and treatment method for contaminated water or soil - Google Patents
Treatment agent and treatment method for contaminated water or soil Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、ヒ素、セレン、鉛、カドミウムおよびクロム等の重金属類の汚染物質に汚染された土壌、地下水、河川水、湖沼水、各種工業排水等から汚染物質を効率よく除去する方法と、これに用いる処理剤に関するものである。尚、本発明において「ヒ素、セレン、鉛、カドミウムおよびクロムの重金属類」とは、ヒ素、セレン、鉛、カドミウムおよびクロムの単体金属、化合物(特に酸化物)、塩およびイオンを含む趣旨である。 The present invention provides a method for efficiently removing pollutants from soil, groundwater, river water, lake water, various industrial wastewater, etc. contaminated with heavy metal pollutants such as arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium and chromium, and the like. It is related with the processing agent used for. In the present invention, “the heavy metals of arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium and chromium” is intended to include simple metals, compounds (particularly oxides), salts and ions of arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium and chromium. .
ヒ素、セレン、鉛、カドミウムおよびクロム等の重金属類は、人体に対して有害であり、健康障害をもたらすことから、これらの汚染物質による環境汚染が問題となっている。上記重金属類は、土壌、地下水、河川水、湖沼水、各種工業排水等に含まれており、環境基準、排水基準が定められている。水中の重金属類がこれらの水質基準を超える場合には、水中からこれらの重金属類を除去する必要がある。 Heavy metals such as arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium and chromium are harmful to the human body and cause health problems, so environmental pollution due to these pollutants is a problem. The above heavy metals are contained in soil, groundwater, river water, lake water, various industrial effluents, etc., and environmental standards and effluent standards are established. When the heavy metals in water exceed these water quality standards, it is necessary to remove these heavy metals from the water.
これらの汚染物質で汚染された水(以下、「汚染水」と呼ぶことがある)を連続的に浄化処理する方法としては、吸着剤を用いて汚染物質を吸着除去する各種方法(以下、「吸着法」と呼ぶことがある)が提案されている。この吸着法は、吸着剤を充填した吸着塔に汚染物質を含む汚染水を連続的に通水し、汚染水を吸着剤に接触させて吸着除去するものである。 As a method for continuously purifying water contaminated with these pollutants (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “polluted water”), various methods of adsorbing and removing pollutants using an adsorbent (hereinafter referred to as “ Has been proposed). In this adsorption method, contaminated water containing contaminants is continuously passed through an adsorption tower filled with an adsorbent, and the contaminated water is brought into contact with the adsorbent to remove it by adsorption.
上記のような吸着法で用いる吸着剤としては、活性炭、活性アルミナ、ゼオライト、チタン酸、ジルコニア水和物等が知られている。これらの吸着剤を使用する方法では、汚染物質の種類に応じて吸着剤の種類を選択することによって、優れた除去効率を達成できるが、これらの吸着剤は概して高価であるため、これらの吸着剤だけで処理すれば処理コストが高くなるという欠点がある。 Known adsorbents used in the above adsorption method include activated carbon, activated alumina, zeolite, titanic acid, zirconia hydrate and the like. In the method using these adsorbents, excellent removal efficiency can be achieved by selecting the type of adsorbent according to the type of contaminant, but since these adsorbents are generally expensive, their adsorption If the treatment is carried out with only the agent, there is a disadvantage that the treatment cost becomes high.
汚染水の処理方法として、鉄粉によって水中のヒ素を吸着させることは知られており、鉄粉の吸着能力を向上させるために、様々な提案がなされている。例えば特許文献1には、ヒ素の除去剤として、表面が鉄水酸化物で被覆された鉄粉が開示されている。また、特許文献2〜4には、所定量のSを含有する鉄粉を用いることで、Fe→Fe2++2e-で示される鉄のアノード反応が、硫黄の添加によって促進される。その結果、重金属類の還元反応または不溶化反応が促進されるというメカニズムで浄化性能を向上させる方法が提案されている。更に、特許文献5には、鉄粉と酸性溶液とを接触させることによって得られた酸処理鉄粉に、水中のヒ素を吸着させて除去する方法も提案されている。 As a method for treating contaminated water, it is known to adsorb arsenic in water with iron powder, and various proposals have been made to improve the adsorption capacity of iron powder. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses iron powder whose surface is coated with iron hydroxide as an arsenic removing agent. In Patent Documents 2 to 4, the iron anode reaction represented by Fe → Fe 2+ + 2e − is promoted by addition of sulfur by using iron powder containing a predetermined amount of S. As a result, a method for improving the purification performance by a mechanism that promotes the reduction reaction or insolubilization reaction of heavy metals has been proposed. Furthermore, Patent Document 5 also proposes a method of adsorbing and removing arsenic in water on acid-treated iron powder obtained by bringing iron powder into contact with an acidic solution.
これらの技術の開発によって、吸着剤の重金属類に対する除去能力は改善されたのであるが、更に高い吸着効率を発揮する技術の開発が望まれているのが実情である。 The development of these technologies has improved the ability of the adsorbent to remove heavy metals, but it is actually desired to develop a technology that exhibits even higher adsorption efficiency.
本発明は前記のような事情に着目してなされたものであって、その目的は、汚染水や汚染土壌から、重金属類であるヒ素、セレン、鉛、カドミウムおよびクロムから選択される汚染物質を除去するに際して、高い除去効率を発揮することができる様な処理剤、およびこうした処理剤を用いた有用な処理方法を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made paying attention to the circumstances as described above, and its purpose is to produce a contaminant selected from arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium and chromium, which are heavy metals, from contaminated water and contaminated soil. An object of the present invention is to provide a treatment agent that can exhibit high removal efficiency and a useful treatment method using such a treatment agent.
上記目的を達成し得た本発明の処理剤とは、重金属類を含有する汚染水または汚染土壌から、前記重金属類を除去するための処理剤であって、鉄粉と、アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物および硝酸塩の少なくとも1種を共存したものである点に要旨を有する。 The treatment agent of the present invention that has achieved the above object is a treatment agent for removing heavy metals from contaminated water or soil containing heavy metals, and iron powder and alkali metal halides. And at least one of nitrates coexists.
本発明で用いる「アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物」としては、塩化ナトリウムおよび塩化カリウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種が挙げられ、「アルカリ金属の硝酸塩」としては、硝酸ナトリウムおよび硝酸カリウムから選ばれる少なくとも1種が挙げられる。 The “alkali metal halide” used in the present invention includes at least one selected from sodium chloride and potassium chloride, and the “alkali metal nitrate” includes at least one selected from sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate. It is done.
本発明の処理剤においては、(a)鉄粉はアトマイズ法によって製造されたもの、(b)鉄粉が硫黄を含有するもの、(c)(b)の場合に、鉄粉中の硫黄の含有量が0.6〜5質量%である、等の要件を満足するものが好ましい。 In the treatment agent of the present invention, (a) the iron powder is manufactured by the atomizing method, (b) the iron powder contains sulfur, and (c) (b), the sulfur in the iron powder What satisfies the requirement that the content is 0.6 to 5% by mass is preferable.
本発明で対象とする重金属類としては、ヒ素、セレン、鉛、カドミウムおよびクロムから選択される重金属類の少なくとも1種が挙げられる。 Examples of heavy metals to be used in the present invention include at least one heavy metal selected from arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium and chromium.
上記のような処理剤を用いて、重金属類を含む汚染水と、前記処理剤とを接触させることによって汚染水中の重金属類が効果的に除去できる。また、重金属類を含む汚染土壌と、前記処理剤とを接触させることによって汚染土壌中の重金属類が効果的に除去できる。 By using the treatment agent as described above and bringing the contaminated water containing heavy metals into contact with the treatment agent, the heavy metals in the contaminated water can be effectively removed. Moreover, the heavy metals in contaminated soil can be effectively removed by making the contaminated soil containing heavy metals contact the said processing agent.
本発明によれば、鉄粉に、アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物または硝酸塩を共存したものを処理剤とすることにより、汚染水や汚染土壌から、ヒ素、セレン、鉛、カドミウムおよびクロムの重金属類を効率よく除去できる。 According to the present invention, by using iron powder in the presence of an alkali metal halide or nitrate as a treating agent, arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium and chromium heavy metals can be efficiently produced from contaminated water and contaminated soil. Can be removed well.
本発明の処理剤は、鉄粉に、アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物または硝酸塩を共存したところに基本的な要旨がある。本発明で処理剤の原料として用いる鉄粉は、その種類に特に限定はなく、工業的に入手可能なあらゆる鉄粉を用いることができる。鉄粉の種類としては、例えばアトマイズ鉄粉、鋳鉄粉およびスポンジ鉄粉、並びにこれらの鉄基完全合金粉若しくは部分合金粉等が挙げられる。これらのうち前記鉄基完全合金粉は、プレアロイ合金粉と呼ばれており、前記部分合金粉はプレミックス合金粉と呼ばれている。これらの中でも、大量生産が可能であり、成分や粒径を揃えることができるという観点からして、アトマイズ法によって製造されたアトマイズ鉄粉が好ましい。 The treating agent of the present invention has a basic gist in that the iron powder coexists with an alkali metal halide or nitrate. The type of iron powder used as a raw material for the treatment agent in the present invention is not particularly limited, and any industrially available iron powder can be used. Examples of the iron powder include atomized iron powder, cast iron powder, sponge iron powder, and these iron-based complete alloy powders or partial alloy powders. Among these, the iron-based complete alloy powder is called prealloy alloy powder, and the partial alloy powder is called premix alloy powder. Among these, the atomized iron powder manufactured by the atomization method is preferable from the viewpoint that mass production is possible and the components and particle sizes can be uniformed.
本発明で用いる鉄粉は、その平均粒径が小さければ小さいほど比表面積が増大し、重金属類の汚染物質の除去性能が増大する。一方、鉄粉の粒径が大きいほど、歩留まりが高くなって取り扱い性も向上するのであるが、重金属類の除去速度が低下することになる。こうしたことから、原料の鉄粉の好ましい平均粒径は、1000μm以下であり、より好ましくは100μm以下である。尚、本発明において「鉄粉の平均粒径」とは、JIS Z 8801に規定されるふるい(篩)を用いた乾式ふるい分け試験によって得られた粒度分布を累積ふるい上百分率、もしくは累積ふるい下百分率が50質量%となる粒子径をいう。 As the average particle size of the iron powder used in the present invention is smaller, the specific surface area increases, and the removal performance of contaminants of heavy metals increases. On the other hand, the larger the particle size of the iron powder, the higher the yield and the easier the handling, but the lower the removal rate of heavy metals. For these reasons, the preferable average particle size of the raw iron powder is 1000 μm or less, and more preferably 100 μm or less. In the present invention, the “average particle diameter of iron powder” means the percentage of particle size distribution obtained by a dry sieving test using a sieve (screen) specified in JIS Z 8801, or the percentage under the cumulative sieve. Means a particle diameter of 50 mass%.
本発明で処理剤の原料として用いる鉄粉は、必要によって硫黄(S)を含むものとすることも有用である。鉄粉に硫黄を含有させることによって、汚染水や汚染土壌から重金属類を除去する性能を更に向上させることができる。即ち、鉄粉に所定量の硫黄を含有させることによって、汚染水からセレン等の重金属類を除去する性能が向上することを見出し、その技術的意義が認められたので、先に出願されている。こうした技術として、特開2006−312163号公報、特開2008−43921号公報、特開2009−82818号公報等を提案されている。硫黄を含有した鉄粉を処理剤の原料として用いることによって、処理剤における重金属類への除去性能が向上することになる。 It is also useful that the iron powder used as a raw material for the treatment agent in the present invention contains sulfur (S) as necessary. By including sulfur in the iron powder, the performance of removing heavy metals from contaminated water or contaminated soil can be further improved. That is, it has been found that the performance of removing heavy metals such as selenium from contaminated water is improved by containing a predetermined amount of sulfur in the iron powder, and its technical significance has been recognized. . As such a technique, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-312163, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2008-43921, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-82818, and the like have been proposed. By using the iron powder containing sulfur as a raw material for the treatment agent, the removal performance of the treatment agent to heavy metals is improved.
重金属類を除去する上で、原料鉄粉中の硫黄含有量は、0.6質量%以上とすることが好ましい。尚、この硫黄含有量は、より好ましくは0.7質量%以上、更に好ましくは0.8質量%以上とするのが良い。 In removing heavy metals, the sulfur content in the raw iron powder is preferably 0.6% by mass or more. The sulfur content is more preferably 0.7% by mass or more, and still more preferably 0.8% by mass or more.
一方、鉄粉中の硫黄の含有量が多いほど、鉄粉の重金属類の除去性能が向上する。しかしながら、硫黄の含有量が過度に多くなると、鉄粉本来の重金属吸着活性を阻害することになりかねない。また、必要以上の不用意な処理剤によるコストアップに繋がる。こうしたことから、鉄粉中の硫黄の含有量は、5質量%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは4質量%以下であり、更に好ましくは3質量%以下である。 On the other hand, the higher the sulfur content in the iron powder, the better the removal performance of heavy metals in the iron powder. However, if the sulfur content is excessively increased, the iron metal inherent heavy metal adsorption activity may be inhibited. Moreover, it leads to the cost increase by an unnecessary care agent more than necessary. For these reasons, the sulfur content in the iron powder is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 4% by mass or less, and still more preferably 3% by mass or less.
鉄粉に硫黄を含有させることによって、重金属類の除去性能が向上する理由は、次の様に考えられる。即ち、鉄粉中に含まれる硫黄の作用で、Fe→Fe2++2e-で示される鉄のアノード反応が進行しやすくなって鉄粉表面の酸化が促進され、該鉄粉表面で効率良く生成する鉄イオン、急速に成長する鉄の酸化物や水酸化物によって、汚染水中や汚染土壌中に金属イオンや化合物イオンの形態で存在する重金属類の鉄粉への吸着が促進される。それに伴って重金属類の除去が効率良く進行するものと考えられる。 The reason why the removal performance of heavy metals is improved by adding sulfur to the iron powder is considered as follows. That is, the action of sulfur contained in the iron powder facilitates the anodic reaction of iron represented by Fe → Fe 2+ + 2e − and promotes the oxidation of the iron powder surface. The adsorption of heavy metals present in the form of metal ions and compound ions in contaminated water and contaminated soil is promoted by the iron ions and the rapidly growing iron oxides and hydroxides. Accordingly, it is considered that the removal of heavy metals proceeds efficiently.
本発明者らが、上記処理剤の性能をより高めるべく、更に検討した。その結果、鉄粉、または硫黄を含有させた硫黄含有鉄粉に、アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物または硝酸塩を共存したものとすれば、汚染水中または汚染土壌中の重金属類に対する除去性能が格段に向上し得ることを見出し、本発明を完成した。 The present inventors further studied to further improve the performance of the treatment agent. As a result, if the iron powder or sulfur-containing iron powder containing sulfur coexists with the halide or nitrate of an alkali metal, the removal performance for heavy metals in contaminated water or soil is significantly improved. The present invention was completed.
各重金属類が鉄に吸着される基本的な推定メカニズムは次のように考えることができる。まずヒ素やセレンは、水中でヒ酸イオン(AsO4 3-)やセレン酸イオン(SeO4 2-)の形態で溶解している。このヒ酸イオンやセレン酸イオンを除去するためには、これらのイオンと鉄イオンを反応させて化合物を生成させれば良い。そして、鉄粉または硫黄含有鉄粉を用いることによって、鉄イオンを水中に効率良く放出することができる。その結果、不溶性のヒ酸鉄やセレン酸鉄、即ちヒ酸やセレン酸と鉄との化合物を、鉄粉表面に析出させることによって、重金属類を鉄粉に吸着させ、水中からヒ酸イオンやセレン酸イオンを効率良く除去することができる。 The basic presumed mechanism by which each heavy metal is adsorbed on iron can be considered as follows. First, arsenic and selenium are dissolved in water in the form of arsenate ions (AsO 4 3− ) and selenate ions (SeO 4 2− ). In order to remove these arsenate ions and selenate ions, these ions may be reacted with iron ions to form a compound. And iron ion can be efficiently discharge | released in water by using iron powder or sulfur containing iron powder. As a result, insoluble iron arsenate and iron selenate, that is, a compound of arsenic acid and selenate and iron are precipitated on the surface of the iron powder, thereby adsorbing heavy metals to the iron powder, Selenate ions can be efficiently removed.
鉛およびカドミウムは、夫々鉛イオン(Pb2+)およびカドミウムイオン(Cd2+)の形態で水中に溶解している。硫黄を含有した鉄粉によって鉄のアノード反応が促進されるので、鉛イオンやカドミウムイオンが、夫々金属カドミウムや金属鉛に効率良く還元され、鉄粉表面に析出する(即ち、重金属類が鉄粉に吸着する)。その結果、カドミウムイオンや鉛イオンを、水中から効率良く除去することができる。 Lead and cadmium are dissolved in water in the form of lead ions (Pb 2+ ) and cadmium ions (Cd 2+ ), respectively. Since the iron anodic reaction is promoted by iron powder containing sulfur, lead ions and cadmium ions are efficiently reduced to metal cadmium and metal lead, respectively, and deposited on the surface of the iron powder (that is, heavy metals are iron powder) To adsorb). As a result, cadmium ions and lead ions can be efficiently removed from the water.
クロムは、クロム酸イオン(CrO4 2-)や二クロム酸イオン(Cr2O7 2-)の形態で水中に溶解している。硫黄を含有した鉄粉によって、鉄のアノード反応によって水に電子を供給し、水酸化物イオンを効率良く生成させる。これらクロムイオンと水酸化物イオンとが反応して、不溶性の水酸化クロムが鉄粉表面に析出する(即ち、重金属類が鉄粉に吸着する)。その結果、クロムイオンを水中から効率良く除去することができる。 Chromium is dissolved in water in the form of chromate ions (CrO 4 2− ) and dichromate ions (Cr 2 O 7 2− ). The iron powder containing sulfur supplies electrons to water by an anodic reaction of iron, and efficiently generates hydroxide ions. These chromium ions and hydroxide ions react to precipitate insoluble chromium hydroxide on the surface of the iron powder (that is, heavy metals are adsorbed to the iron powder). As a result, chromium ions can be efficiently removed from the water.
ところで、重金属類に汚染された地下水などのpHは、周囲の環境によって様々に変化することになる。例えば、炭酸水素ナトリウムやその他のアルカリ成分が溶存する地下水では、pH8程度の弱アルカリ性を示すものがある。また、排水等では、更に高いアルカリ性を示すものがある。しかしながら、これら汚染水のpHが高くなると、鉄粉への重金属吸着量が低下するという問題が生じることが判明している(前記特許文献5)。 By the way, the pH of groundwater and the like contaminated with heavy metals varies depending on the surrounding environment. For example, some groundwater in which sodium bicarbonate and other alkali components are dissolved exhibits weak alkalinity of about pH 8. Moreover, some waste water and the like exhibit higher alkalinity. However, it has been found that when the pH of these contaminated waters is increased, there is a problem that the amount of heavy metal adsorbed on the iron powder decreases (Patent Document 5).
本発明の処理剤では、ヒ素、セレン、鉛、カドミウムおよびクロムから選択される重金属類の汚染物質と、鉄粉との反応性を高めるためにアルカリ金属のハロゲン化物または硝酸塩を、混合する等して共存させている。アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物または硝酸塩の共存で鉄粉との反応性が高くなる理由は、アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物または硝酸塩が水に溶解するとその場の導電性が上昇し、イオンや電子のやりとりが促進されることが挙げられる。つまり、アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物または硝酸塩が支持電解質として機能することで2価鉄イオン(Fe2+)の反応性を高め、重金属イオンとの反応を促進させることで浄化性能をより向上させられると考えられる。 In the treatment agent of the present invention, a contaminant of a heavy metal selected from arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium and chromium is mixed with an alkali metal halide or nitrate to increase the reactivity with iron powder. And coexist. The reason why alkali metal halide or nitrate coexists increases the reactivity with iron powder is that when alkali metal halide or nitrate dissolves in water, the in-situ conductivity increases, and exchange of ions and electrons is promoted. It is mentioned that. In other words, alkali metal halides or nitrates function as a supporting electrolyte to increase the reactivity of divalent iron ions (Fe 2+ ) and promote the reaction with heavy metal ions to improve purification performance. Conceivable.
上記したメカニズムは、汚染水だけに限らず、化学水、吸湿水、毛管水、重力水、雨水流入等の形態で土壌中に水分を含んでいるので、汚染土壌においても同様に考えることができる。 The above mechanism is not limited to contaminated water, but contains water in the form of chemical water, hygroscopic water, capillary water, gravity water, rainwater inflow, etc., so it can be considered in the same way in contaminated soil. .
本発明で用いる「アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物」としては、塩化ナトリウムまたは塩化カリウムが挙げられ、「アルカリ金属の硝酸塩」としては、硝酸ナトリウムまたは硝酸カリウムが挙げられ、これらの1種以上を用いることができる。このうち好ましいのは、安価な材料という観点から、塩化ナトリウムや硝酸ナトリウムである。 Examples of the “alkali metal halide” used in the present invention include sodium chloride or potassium chloride. Examples of the “alkali metal nitrate” include sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate, and one or more of these can be used. . Of these, sodium chloride and sodium nitrate are preferable from the viewpoint of inexpensive materials.
本発明の処理剤において、鉄粉と、アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物または硝酸塩の共存割合(質量割合)は、鉄粉の添加100質量部に対して1質量部以上2000質量部以下、好ましくは4質量部以上100質量部以下、より好ましくは5質量部以上50質量部以下である。 In the treatment agent of the present invention, the coexistence ratio (mass ratio) of the iron powder and the alkali metal halide or nitrate is 1 part by mass or more and 2000 parts by mass or less, preferably 4 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the iron powder added. Part to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 5 parts to 50 parts by weight.
ヒ素、セレン、鉛、カドミウムおよびクロムの重金属類を含む汚染水や汚染土壌と、上記のような処理剤とを接触させることによって、高い吸着効率を発揮することができる。 By bringing contaminated water or soil containing heavy metals such as arsenic, selenium, lead, cadmium and chromium into contact with the treatment agent as described above, high adsorption efficiency can be exhibited.
本発明は、重金属類等を含有する汚染水または汚染土壌と、本発明の処理剤とを接触させることによって、汚染水や汚染土壌から重金属類等を除去する方法も提供する。本発明において、汚染水または汚染土壌と本発明の処理剤(鉄粉+アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物または硝酸塩)とを接触させる方法には特に限定は無く、例えば(1)処理剤を適当な容器に充填し、これに汚染水を連続的に通過させて接触させる方法、(2)処理剤を汚染水に添加した後、撹拌・分散させて重金属類等を捕捉する方法、(3)処理剤を汚染土壌に添加して混合し、重金属類等を捕捉する方法、等が挙げられる。尚、重金属類等を吸着除去した鉄粉は、重金属類等の再溶出を起こさないことを確認しており、回収せずとも土壌中に放置しても良い。但し、あえて回収する場合には、磁選による回収が可能であり好ましい。 The present invention also provides a method for removing heavy metals and the like from contaminated water and contaminated soil by bringing the contaminated water or contaminated soil containing heavy metals into contact with the treatment agent of the present invention. In the present invention, there is no particular limitation on the method of bringing the contaminated water or soil into contact with the treatment agent of the present invention (iron powder + alkali metal halide or nitrate). For example, (1) the treatment agent is placed in a suitable container. (2) A method of adding a treatment agent to the contaminated water and then stirring and dispersing it to capture heavy metals, etc., (3) A treatment agent Examples include a method of adding to and mixing with contaminated soil and capturing heavy metals. In addition, it has been confirmed that the iron powder from which heavy metals have been adsorbed and removed does not cause re-elution of heavy metals and the like, and may be left in the soil without being recovered. However, when collecting intentionally, collection by magnetic separation is possible and preferable.
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明をより具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例によって制限を受けるものではなく、上記・下記の趣旨に適合し得る範囲で適当に変更を加えて実施することも勿論可能であり、それらはいずれも本発明の技術的範囲に包含される。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited by the following examples, and appropriate modifications are made within a range that can meet the above and the following purposes. Of course, it is possible to implement them, and they are all included in the technical scope of the present invention.
[実施例1]
〈鉄粉〉
原料鉄粉として、水アトマイズ法で製造した硫黄含有量が1質量%の鉄粉(平均粒径:70μm)を使用した。
[Example 1]
<Iron powder>
As raw material iron powder, iron powder (average particle size: 70 μm) having a sulfur content of 1 mass% produced by a water atomization method was used.
〈アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物または硝酸塩〉
塩化ナトリウム(市販の試薬)
硝酸ナトリウム(市販の試薬)
〈対象物質〉
(a)ヒ酸二水素ナトリウム・7水和物(As(V):市販の試薬)
(b)セレン酸ナトリウム(Se(VI):市販の試薬)
(c)硝酸カドミウム(Cd:市販の試薬)
(d)硝酸鉛(Pb:市販の試薬)
(e)二クロム酸カリウム(Cr(VI):市販の試薬)
<Alkali metal halide or nitrate>
Sodium chloride (commercially available reagent)
Sodium nitrate (commercially available reagent)
<Target substances>
(A) Sodium dihydrogen arsenate heptahydrate (As (V): commercially available reagent)
(B) Sodium selenate (Se (VI): commercially available reagent)
(C) Cadmium nitrate (Cd: commercially available reagent)
(D) Lead nitrate (Pb: commercially available reagent)
(E) Potassium dichromate (Cr (VI): commercially available reagent)
上記「アルカリ金属のハロゲン化物または硝酸塩」として用いた塩化ナトリウムまたは硝酸ナトリウムと、鉄粉の共存量を変えた例を、実験条件と共に下記表1に示す。 Table 1 below shows an example in which the amount of coexistence of sodium powder or sodium nitrate used as the “alkali metal halide or nitrate” and the iron powder is changed together with the experimental conditions.
〈実験条件〉
重金属類の除去試験は、水平振とう機によるバッチ式試験法に基づき行なった。各種重金属類の標準溶液としては、5価ヒ素[As(V)]は、ヒ酸二水素ナトリウム・7水和物、6価セレン[Se(VI)]はセレン酸ナトリウム、カドミウム[Cd]は硝酸カドミウムによるカドミウム標準液(Cd−1000)*、鉛(Pb)は硝酸鉛による標準液(Pb−1000)**、および6価クロム[Cr(VI)]は1/60mol/Lの二クロム酸カリウム溶液を各々用い、所定の濃度となるようにイオン交換水、塩化ナトリウム溶液または硝酸ナトリウム溶液で希釈して使用した。このとき、各重金属の原水濃度(希釈後の濃度)は、5価ヒ素[As(V)]、6価セレン[Se(VI)]、鉛(Pb)およびカドミウム(Cd)は、1.0mg/L、6価クロム[Cr(VI)]は、5.0mg/Lである。
*(Cd−1000):硝酸カドミウム約0.1%溶液(Cd:1000mg/L,硝酸:0.1mol/L(0.6%))
**(Pb−1000):鉛0.1%溶液(Pb:1000mg/L,硝酸:0.1mol/L(0.6%))
<Experimental conditions>
The heavy metal removal test was conducted based on a batch test method using a horizontal shaker. As standard solutions of various heavy metals, pentavalent arsenic [As (V)] is sodium dihydrogen arsenate heptahydrate, hexavalent selenium [Se (VI)] is sodium selenate, cadmium [Cd] is Cadmium standard solution with cadmium nitrate (Cd-1000) * , lead (Pb) with lead nitrate (Pb-1000) ** , and hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] with 1/60 mol / L dichrome Each potassium acid solution was used, diluted with ion-exchanged water, sodium chloride solution or sodium nitrate solution to a predetermined concentration. At this time, the raw water concentration of each heavy metal (concentration after dilution) is 1.0 mg for pentavalent arsenic [As (V)], hexavalent selenium [Se (VI)], lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). / L, hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] is 5.0 mg / L.
* (Cd-1000): about 0.1% cadmium nitrate solution (Cd: 1000 mg / L, nitric acid: 0.1 mol / L (0.6%))
** (Pb-1000): Lead 0.1% solution (Pb: 1000 mg / L, nitric acid: 0.1 mol / L (0.6%))
バッチ法による除去試験を、下記の手順で実施した。まず内容積500mLのポリエチレン製容器に、既知濃度の重金属類溶液を250mL加え、その中に鉄粉と、イオン交換水、塩化ナトリウム溶液または硝酸ナトリウム溶液の希釈水を所定の固液比で添加した。そして、常温(25℃)・常圧下で24時間の振とうを、水平振とう機を用いて、振とう回数:140rpm、振とう巾:4cmの条件で行なった。24時間の振とうを行なった後の試験溶液は、孔径が0.45μmのメンブレンフィルターで吸引濾過を行なった後、分析に供した。溶液中の定量濃度分析は、As(V)およびSe(VI)は、ICP発光分光分析法によって、Pb、CdおよびCr(VI)は、ICP質量分析法によって、夫々測定を行なった。 The removal test by the batch method was performed according to the following procedure. First, 250 mL of a heavy metal solution having a known concentration was added to a polyethylene container having an internal volume of 500 mL, and iron powder and diluted water of ion exchange water, sodium chloride solution or sodium nitrate solution were added to the container at a predetermined solid-liquid ratio. . Then, shaking at normal temperature (25 ° C.) and normal pressure for 24 hours was performed using a horizontal shaker under the conditions of shaking frequency: 140 rpm and shaking width: 4 cm. The test solution after shaking for 24 hours was subjected to suction filtration with a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.45 μm, and then subjected to analysis. For quantitative concentration analysis in the solution, As (V) and Se (VI) were measured by ICP emission spectrometry, and Pb, Cd and Cr (VI) were measured by ICP mass spectrometry.
処理後の重金属の濃度を、希釈水の種類および固液比と共に、下記表1に示す。表1の希釈水の種類については、Aはイオン交換水、Bは0.2mol/Lの塩化ナトリウム溶液、Cは0.2mol/Lの硝酸ナトリウム溶液の夫々を示す。また表1において「<」の欄は、定量下限値未満であることを意味する。 The concentration of heavy metal after the treatment is shown in Table 1 below together with the type of dilution water and the solid-liquid ratio. About the kind of dilution water of Table 1, A shows ion-exchange water, B shows 0.2 mol / L sodium chloride solution, C shows 0.2 mol / L sodium nitrate solution, respectively. In Table 1, the “<” column means less than the lower limit of quantification.
表1の結果から明らかなように、鉄粉に対してアルカリ金属のハロゲン化物またはアルカリ金属の硝酸塩を共存させた試験No.3〜6では、初期濃度よりも試験後の重金属の濃度が大きく低下していることが分かる。 As is apparent from the results in Table 1, test No. 1 in which an alkali metal halide or an alkali metal nitrate coexists with iron powder. In 3-6, it turns out that the density | concentration of the heavy metal after a test has fallen largely rather than the initial stage density | concentration.
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