JP2008189593A - Defloration agent and defloration method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a defloration agent and a defloration method, hardly affecting a human body, a plant and the environment, and having excellent defloration effects. <P>SOLUTION: The defloration method includes spraying the defloration agent containing at least one kind selected from polysaccharides, decomposition products of the polysaccharides, and chemical derivatives thereof as an active ingredient on flowers of the plant. The polysaccharide is preferably at least one kind selected from chitin, chitosan and cellulose. The decomposition product of the polysaccharides is preferably at least one kind selected from the decomposition products of the chitin, chitosan and the cellulose. The chemical derivative is preferably the one obtained by chemically binding the sugar chain of the polysaccharide and/or the decomposition product of the polysaccharide with another saccharide. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a flowering agent and a flowering method that have little effect on human bodies, plants, and the environment, and that have an excellent flowering effect.

  There are two types of fruit trees: self-compatibility, which can be seeded (fruited) by pollination of pollen of the same variety (self-pollination), and self-incompatibility, which does not bear fruit by self-pollination. In the case of self-compatibility, if it is left untreated, a number of fruits are produced. Therefore, in order to prevent excessive consumption of nutrients and promote fruit development, the number of fruits is restricted by flowering.

  In addition to picking flowers, there are lightning and fruit removal operations that limit the number of fruits and promote fruit enlargement. Enemy thunder, flowering, and fruit extraction are important tasks that greatly affect fruit quality. However, these operations are extremely burdensome for fruit farmers because they need to be completed in a short period of time. Yes. For example, apples are said to account for about half of all these tasks, especially in Japan, with the problem of aging of the agricultural population, and labor saving is a major issue. This enemy thunder, flowering and fruit picking are considered to be necessary not only for apples but also for pears, peaches, grapes, oysters, citrus fruits and the like.

  One of the methods for picking flowers is a method of picking flowers by hand, but this method is not often performed because early flowering and labor saving are difficult. In addition to the manual method of flowering, there is a method of spraying a flowering agent, and the method of spraying a flowering agent is excellent in terms of labor saving.

  This flowering agent is applied mainly at the time of flowering to produce only necessary flowers, and a flowering agent containing a lime sulfur mixture as an active ingredient is widely used.

  Patent Document 1 listed below includes organic water-soluble acids such as citric acid, gluconic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, acetic acid, tartaric acid, and propionic acid as active ingredients. A flowering agent is disclosed.

Further, in Patent Document 2 below, silicate minerals having a specific surface area and particle size, calcium carbonate, zeolite, magnesium phosphate, magnesium carbonate, and other poorly water-soluble inorganic compounds include condensed phosphoric acid and salts thereof, lecithin, Flowering agents in which additives such as sterols, amino acids, sucrose fatty acid esters and the like are impregnated and adsorbed are disclosed.
JP 2001-206805 A International Publication No. 2004-12507 Pamphlet JP 63-216804 A

  Although lime-sulfur mixture has certain effects, it must be protected with a mask, protective glasses, protective clothing, etc. because it is strongly basic and has a strong off-flavor and may adversely affect the human body. The workability was poor and there were problems with handling. In addition, if the amount of quicklime blended in the lime sulfur mixture is reduced, the pH can be made close to neutral, but lime is originally a component to prevent sulfur phytotoxicity (leaves turn brown) There is a problem that the phytotoxicity of sulfur becomes remarkable when the amount of lime is reduced.

  In addition, the flowering agent of Patent Document 1 may be affected by an acid caused by an organic acid as an active ingredient, and may cause phytotoxic symptoms on the bark, leaves, etc. In order to obtain a stable flowering effect, There was a problem that density adjustment was difficult.

  In addition, the flowering agent disclosed in Patent Document 2 uses a poorly water-soluble inorganic compound having a specific particle size and surface area, and thus has a problem of starting material costs, and further, there is a risk of phytotoxicity due to the additive. there were.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 3 reports that chitosan oligosaccharide has an action of suppressing the growth of plant roots, but does not disclose any flowering effect of chitosan oligosaccharide.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a flowering agent and a flowering method that have little effect on the human body, fruit tree, and environment, and that have an excellent flowering effect.

  The inventors of the present invention have unexpectedly found that the polysaccharide has an effect of inhibiting the growth of the pollen tube while studying the function of the polysaccharide, and completed the present invention.

  That is, the flowering agent of the present invention contains at least one selected from polysaccharides, polysaccharide degradation products, and chemical derivatives thereof as an active ingredient.

  The polysaccharides, polysaccharide degradation products, and chemical derivatives thereof, which are active ingredients of the flowering agent of the present invention, can effectively inhibit pollen tube growth, so that fertilization is hindered and an excellent flowering effect is exhibited. Is done. Furthermore, it is highly safe and hardly causes phytotoxicity to the human body, environment and fruit trees.

  In the flowering agent of the present invention, the polysaccharide is preferably at least one selected from chitin, chitosan, and cellulose.

  In the flowering agent of the present invention, the polysaccharide preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 to 200,000.

  In the flowering agent of the present invention, the polysaccharide degradation product is preferably at least one selected from a chitin degradation product, a chitosan degradation product, and a cellulose degradation product.

  Moreover, as for the flowering agent of this invention, it is preferable that the said polysaccharide degradation product is a 2-20 mer oligosaccharide.

  In the flowering agent of the present invention, the chemical derivative is preferably formed by chemically bonding another saccharide to the sugar chain of the polysaccharide and / or the polysaccharide degradation product.

  According to each aspect described above, a particularly excellent flowering effect can be obtained, so that the amount of flowering agent used can be greatly reduced.

  On the other hand, the flowering method of the present invention is characterized in that the flowering agent is sprayed on a plant flower.

  According to the flowering method of the present invention, as described above, the polysaccharide and / or its degradation product, which is an active ingredient of a flowering agent, effectively inhibits the growth of pollen tubes. Is demonstrated. And since a polysaccharide and its decomposition product are high safety, when spraying a flowering agent, it is hard to have a bad influence with respect to a human body or an environment, and also it is hard to produce the phytotoxicity to a plant very much.

  In the flowering method of the present invention, the flowering agent is preferably sprayed after the flowering period and / or the full blooming period of the plant. For example, the flowers of fruit trees do not bloom all at once, but usually bloom sequentially over several days to a week. Moreover, generally the fruit by the flower which blossomed previously tends to become good fruit. Therefore, in order to obtain a good fruit, it is preferable to produce a flower that has flowered earlier and to pick a flower that has flowered later. Therefore, according to this embodiment, by spraying after the flowering period and / or the full blooming period of the flower, it is possible to produce a flower that has flowered earlier, to prevent fertilization of the flower that has been flowered later, and to flower, Obtainable.

  According to the present invention, a plant can be effectively flowered without adversely affecting the human body and the environment, and further without weakening the tree by phytotoxicity, and a high-quality fruit can be obtained.

  The flowering agent of the present invention contains at least one selected from polysaccharides, polysaccharide degradation products, and chemical derivatives thereof as an active ingredient.

  In the flowering agent of the present invention, preferred examples of the polysaccharide include chitin, chitosan, and cellulose.

  Chitin is obtained by treating the crab shell with acid and alkali, and is a naturally occurring polysaccharide. In the present invention, the weight average molecular weight of chitin is preferably 4,000 to 200,000, and more preferably 4,000 to 50,000.

  Chitosan is obtained by deacetylating chitin and is a naturally derived polysaccharide. In the present invention, chitosan preferably has a degree of deacetylation of 20 to 100%, more preferably 40 to 100%. Moreover, the weight average molecular weight of chitosan is preferably 4,000 to 200,000, and more preferably 4,000 to 50,000.

  Cellulose is obtained from plant cell walls or fibers, and is a naturally occurring polysaccharide. In the present invention, the weight average molecular weight of cellulose is preferably 4,000 to 200,000, more preferably 4,000 to 50,000.

  In addition, a weight average molecular weight can be measured by methods, such as a vapor pressure osmosis method, a light-scattering method, an electrophoresis method, and GPC-HPLC method, for example.

  In the flowering agent of the present invention, preferred examples of the polysaccharide degradation product include chitin degradation products, chitosan degradation products, and cellulose degradation products.

  Chitin degradation products are low molecular chitin obtained by hydrolyzing chitin with an acid or an enzyme, and chitin oligosaccharide. In the present invention, the chitin degradation product is preferably a 2-20 mer oligosaccharide, and more preferably a 2-10 mer oligosaccharide.

  The chitosan degradation product is a low-molecular chitosan obtained by hydrolyzing chitosan with an acid or an enzyme, or chitosan oligosaccharide. In the present invention, the chitosan degradation product is preferably a 2 to 20-mer oligosaccharide, and more preferably a 2 to 10-mer oligosaccharide.

  The cellulose degradation product is obtained by hydrolyzing cellulose with an acid or an enzyme, for example. And in this invention, it is preferable that it is a 2-20 mer oligosaccharide, and it is more preferable that it is a 2-10 mer oligosaccharide.

  In the flowering agent of the present invention, the chemical derivative is formed by chemically bonding another saccharide to the sugar chain of the polysaccharide and / or the polysaccharide degradation product. Examples of other saccharides derived from the sugar chain as the main skeleton include lactose, melibiose, carboxylated lactose, glucose, maltose, laminaribiose, cellobiose, mannobiose, digalactosamine, and diglucosamine. Lactose and glucose are preferable because they can be used. Moreover, 1-80% is preferable and the induction | guidance | derivation rate of the said other saccharides with respect to the sugar_chain | carbohydrate used as a main skeleton is more preferable 5-50%. Specific examples include chitosan lactose.

  In addition to the polysaccharides, polysaccharide degradation products, and chemical derivatives thereof, the flowering agent of the present invention may use additives within a range that does not cause phytotoxicity to the human body, environment, and fruit trees. . Additives such as polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether as spreading effect, paraffin tree fatty acid ester as sticking effect, polyoxyethylene dinonyl phenyl ether as anti-scattering agent and antibacterial agent to prevent decomposition by microorganisms These can be used, and these can be used alone or in combination of two or more. And 0.01-99 mass% is preferable and, as for content of an additive, 0.1-50 mass% is more preferable.

  The plucking agent of the present invention comprises at least one selected from polysaccharides, polysaccharide degradation products, and chemical derivatives thereof, and additives as necessary, dissolved or dispersed in water to form an aqueous solution or suspension. It is preferable to use a turbid liquid.

  Further, the plucking agent of the present invention preferably contains 0.1 to 10,000 ppm, more preferably 10 to 10,000 ppm of the total amount of polysaccharides, polysaccharide degradation products, and chemical derivatives thereof. The content is preferably 100 to 10,000 ppm. If the total content thereof is less than 0.1 ppm, the flowering effect becomes poor. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10,000 ppm, the flowering effect is not improved so much, which increases the raw material cost and is not economically preferable.

  Next, the flowering method of the present invention will be described.

  The flowering method of the present invention is to spray the flowering agent on flowers of plants such as fruit trees.

  In the flowering method of the present invention, the applicable plant is not particularly limited, and fruit trees such as apples, pears, peaches, grapes, oysters, citrus fruits are preferably mentioned.

  In the flowering method of the present invention, the flowering agent is preferably sprayed after the flowering period and / or after the full blooming period of the plant, and the first spraying is performed during the full blooming period of the plant. It is preferable to further spray after 3 days.

  The flowers of plants such as fruit trees do not bloom at the same time, and generally vary sequentially over several days to one week, although they vary depending on the plant. For example, in the flowering of deciduous fruits such as apples, the central flower of the top bud is first in full bloom. Thereafter, the side flowers of the top buds are in full bloom with a slight delay, and after a few days to a week, the spikes are in full bloom. Moreover, generally the fruit by the flower which blossomed previously tends to become good fruit. Therefore, by spraying after the flowering period and / or the full blooming period of the plant, the flower that has been flowered earlier can be ripened, the fertilization of the flower that has been flowered later can be prevented, and flowering can be obtained.

  Specifically, since the position in the inflorescence of the flower that is not suitable for fruiting varies depending on the type of plant, it is preferably sprayed according to the flowering of the flower to be flowered. For example, in the case of deciduous fruits such as apples, It is preferable to spray a flower-picking agent when the central flower is fully bloomed.

  In the present invention, the full bloom period of a plant means a period when the ratio of the number of flowers bloomed to the total flower buds (buds) is 50%.

  And the application quantity of the flowering agent of this invention has preferable 50-1,000L / 10a, and 100-500L / 10a is more preferable. If the application amount is less than 50 L / 10a, the flowering effect becomes poor. On the other hand, even if the application amount exceeds 1,000 L / 10a, the flowering effect is not improved so much, which increases the raw material cost and is not economically preferable.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but these examples do not limit the scope of the present invention.

(Test Example 1)
Leave 5 mg of tea pollen in 20 ml of liquid medium (chitosan oligosaccharide (pentose): 0 ppm to 10 ppm, sucrose: 8%, Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ : 0.5 mM, H ₃ BO ₃ : 1.0 mM). Incubated in the dark at 25 ° C. for 20 hours. Thereafter, after filtering the liquid medium, the weight of tea pollen was measured, and the degree of growth of the pollen tube was observed by the change in weight. The results are shown in FIG. The horizontal axis in the figure is the concentration (ppm) of chitosan oligosaccharide (pentose), and the vertical axis is the relative amount when the weight when no chitosan oligosaccharide (pentose) is added is 100 ( %).

(Test Example 2)
Leave 5 mg of tea pollen in 20 ml of liquid medium (chitosan oligosaccharide (7 sugar): 0 ppm to 10 ppm, sucrose: 8%, Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ : 0.5 mM, H ₃ BO ₃ : 1.0 mM). Incubated in the dark at 25 ° C. for 20 hours. Then, after filtering the liquid medium, the weight of tea pollen was measured, and the degree of growth of the pollen tube was observed by the change in weight. The results are shown in FIG. The horizontal axis in the figure is the concentration (ppm) of chitosan oligosaccharide (7 sugar), and the vertical axis is the relative amount when the weight when no chitosan oligosaccharide (7 sugar) is added is 100 ( %).

(Test Example 3)
Leave 5 mg of tea pollen in 20 ml of liquid medium (chitosan oligosaccharide (8 sugar): 0 ppm to 10 ppm, sucrose: 8%, Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ : 0.5 mM, H ₃ BO ₃ : 1.0 mM). Incubated in the dark at 25 ° C. for 20 hours. Then, after filtering the liquid medium, the weight of tea pollen was measured, and the degree of growth of the pollen tube was observed by the change in weight. The results are shown in FIG. The horizontal axis in the figure is the concentration (ppm) of chitosan oligosaccharide (octasaccharide), and the vertical axis is the relative amount when the weight when no chitosan oligosaccharide (octasaccharide) is added is 100 ( %).

(Test Example 4)
Leave 5 mg of tea pollen in 20 ml of liquid medium (chitosan oligosaccharide (9 sugar): 0 ppm to 10 ppm, sucrose: 8%, Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ : 0.5 mM, H ₃ BO ₃ : 1.0 mM). Incubated in the dark at 25 ° C. for 20 hours. Then, after filtering the liquid medium, the weight of tea pollen was measured, and the degree of growth of the pollen tube was observed by the change in weight. The results are shown in FIG. The horizontal axis in the figure is the concentration (ppm) of chitosan oligosaccharide (9 sugars), and the vertical axis is the relative amount when the weight when no chitosan oligosaccharide (9 sugars) is added is 100 ( %).

(Test Example 5)
5 mg of tea pollen in 20 ml of liquid medium (chitosan oligosaccharide (2 to 20 sugar mixture): 0 ppm to 100 ppm, sucrose: 8%, Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ : 0.5 mM, H ₃ BO ₃ : 1.0 mM) The mixture was allowed to stand and cultured in the dark at 25 ° C. for 20 hours. Then, after filtering the liquid medium, the weight of tea pollen was measured, and the degree of growth of the pollen tube was observed by the change in weight. The results are shown in FIG. The horizontal axis in the figure is the concentration (ppm) of chitosan oligosaccharide (2 to 20 sugar mixture), and the vertical axis is 100 when the chitosan oligosaccharide (2 to 20 sugar mixture) is not added. The relative amount (%).

(Test Example 6)
5 mg of tea pollen was added to a liquid medium (low molecular chitosan (weight average molecular weight: 4,000): 0 ppm to 100 ppm, sucrose: 8%, Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ : 0.5 mM, H ₃ BO ₃ : 1.0 mM) And cultured at 25 ° C. for 20 hours in the dark. Thereafter, after filtering the liquid medium, the weight of tea pollen was measured, and the degree of growth of the pollen tube was observed by the change in weight. The results are shown in FIG. The horizontal axis in the figure is the concentration (ppm) of low molecular chitosan (weight average molecular weight 4000), and the vertical axis is when the weight when no low molecular chitosan (weight average molecular weight 4000) is added is 100. Relative amount (%).

(Test Example 7)
5 mg of tea pollen in 20 ml of liquid medium (low molecular chitosan (weight average molecular weight 20,000): 0 ppm to 100 ppm, sucrose: 8%, Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ : 0.5 mM, H ₃ BO ₃ : 1.0 mM) And cultured at 25 ° C. for 20 hours in the dark. Then, after filtering the liquid medium, the weight of tea pollen was measured, and the degree of growth of the pollen tube was observed by the change in weight. The results are shown in FIG. The horizontal axis in the figure is the concentration (ppm) of low molecular chitosan (weight average molecular weight 20000), and the vertical axis is when the weight when no low molecular chitosan (weight average molecular weight 20000) is added is 100. Relative amount (%).

(Test Example 8)
5 mg of tea pollen is left in a liquid medium (chitosan lactose: 0 ppm to 100 ppm, sucrose: 8%, Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ : 0.5 mM, H ₃ BO ₃ : 1.0 mM) in the dark, 25 The culture was performed at 20 ° C. for 20 hours. Then, after filtering the liquid medium, the weight of tea pollen was measured, and the degree of growth of the pollen tube was observed by the change in weight. The results are shown in FIG. The horizontal axis in the figure is the concentration (ppm) of chitosan lactose, and the vertical axis is the relative amount (%) when the weight when no chitosan lactose is added is 100.

(Test Example 9)
5 mg of tea pollen in 20 ml of liquid medium (chitin oligosaccharide (2 to 10 sugar mixture): 0 ppm to 100 ppm, sucrose: 8%, Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ : 0.5 mM, H ₃ BO ₃ : 1.0 mM) The mixture was allowed to stand and cultured in the dark at 25 ° C. for 20 hours. Then, after filtering the liquid medium, the weight of tea pollen was measured, and the degree of growth of the pollen tube was observed by the change in weight. The results are shown in FIG. The horizontal axis in the figure is the concentration (ppm) of chitin oligosaccharide (2 to 10 sugar mixture), and the vertical axis is 100 when the chitin oligosaccharide (2 to 10 sugar mixture) is not added. The relative amount (%).

(Test Example 10)
5 mg of tea pollen was allowed to stand in 20 ml of a liquid medium (cellooligosaccharide (disaccharide): 0 ppm to 100 ppm, sucrose: 8%, Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ : 0.5 mM, H ₃ BO ₃ : 1.0 mM), The cells were cultured in the dark at 25 ° C. for 20 hours. Then, after filtering the liquid medium, the weight of tea pollen was measured, and the degree of growth of the pollen tube was observed by the change in weight. The results are shown in FIG. The horizontal axis in the figure is the concentration (ppm) of cellooligosaccharide (disaccharide), and the vertical axis is the relative amount (%) when the weight when no cellooligosaccharide (disaccharide) is added is 100. It is.

(Test Example 11)
5 mg of tea pollen was left in a liquid medium (cello-oligosaccharide (pentose): 0 ppm to 100 ppm, sucrose: 8%, Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ : 0.5 mM, H ₃ BO ₃ : 1.0 mM), The cells were cultured in the dark at 25 ° C for 20 hours. Then, after filtering the liquid medium, the weight of tea pollen was measured, and the degree of growth of the pollen tube was observed by the change in weight. The results are shown in FIG. The horizontal axis in the figure is the concentration (ppm) of cellooligosaccharide (pentose), and the vertical axis is the relative amount (%) when the weight when no cellooligosaccharide (pentose) is added is 100. It is.

  From the above results, it can be seen that polysaccharides, polysaccharide degradation products, and chemical derivatives thereof have a function of effectively suppressing the growth of pollen tubes. In particular, chitosan oligosaccharide, low-molecular chitosan, and chitosan lactose were excellent in pollen tube growth inhibitory action.

It is a graph which shows the influence with respect to the growth of the pollen tube by chitosan oligosaccharide (pentasaccharide). It is a graph which shows the influence with respect to the growth of the pollen tube by chitosan oligosaccharide (7 sugar). It is a graph which shows the influence with respect to the growth of the pollen tube by chitosan oligosaccharide (octasaccharide). It is a graph which shows the influence with respect to the growth of the pollen tube by chitosan oligosaccharide (9 sugars). It is a graph which shows the influence with respect to the growth of a pollen tube by chitosan oligosaccharide (2-20 sugar mixture). It is a graph which shows the influence with respect to the growth of a pollen tube by low molecular chitosan (weight average molecular weight 4,000). It is a graph which shows the influence with respect to the growth of a pollen tube by a low molecular chitosan (weight average molecular weight 20,000). It is a graph which shows the influence with respect to the growth of the pollen tube by chitosan lactose. It is a graph which shows the influence with respect to the growth of a pollen tube by chitin oligosaccharide (2-10 sugar mixture) sugar. It is a graph which shows the influence with respect to the growth of the pollen tube by cellooligosaccharide (disaccharide). It is a graph which shows the influence with respect to the growth of pollen tube by cellooligosaccharide (pentasaccharide).

Claims (8)

  A flowering agent comprising at least one selected from polysaccharides, polysaccharide degradation products, and chemical derivatives thereof as an active ingredient.   The flower picking agent according to claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide is at least one selected from chitin, chitosan, and cellulose.   The flowering agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polysaccharide has a weight average molecular weight of 4,000 to 200,000.   The flowering agent according to claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide degradation product is at least one selected from a chitin degradation product, a chitosan degradation product, and a cellulose degradation product.   The flowering agent according to claim 4, wherein the polysaccharide degradation product is a 2 to 20-mer oligosaccharide.   The flowering agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the chemical derivative is obtained by chemically bonding another saccharide to a sugar chain of the polysaccharide and / or the polysaccharide degradation product.   A flowering method characterized by spraying the flowering agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6 on a flower of a plant.   The flowering method according to claim 7, wherein the flowering agent is sprayed after a flowering period and / or a full blooming period of a plant.