JP2008150455A - Method for producing charcoal - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing charcoal by which a used sleeper can be reutilized as a fuel by making the used sleeper harmless. <P>SOLUTION: The method for producing the charcoal includes carbonizing the sleeper at a temperature of 500-800°C for 1-5 hr. Preferably, the sleeper made of wood treated with creosote oil is used as the sleeper. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for producing charcoal that can reuse a used sleeper tree as a resource.

  A sleeper tree is a prism that is placed on the track bed of the track to keep the rail spacing constant and to distribute the vehicle load received by the rail on the road bed. Although the thing made from concrete is mainly used now (for example, refer patent document 1).

In addition, timber sleepers whose useful lives have passed have been sold as valuable horticultural materials for home use under the influence of the recent gardening boom, and effective utilization of resources has been attempted.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-242101

  However, in 2004, the “Act on the Regulation of Household Products Containing Hazardous Substances” was amended to prohibit the sale of timber pillows as household items (Article 5 of the same law). . That is, the sleeper made of wood is treated with creosote oil to impart durability, but anthracenes having a carcinogenicity as a harmful substance in the creosote oil (dibenzo [a · h] anthracene, benzo [a Anthracene, benzo [a] pyrene).

  For this reason, at present, the processing costs must be paid and the sleepers must be disposed of as waste. However, this processing costs amount to an enormous amount of 20 million yen per year, which is expected to continue for several decades to come.

  This invention is made | formed in view of said point, and it aims at providing the manufacturing method of the charcoal which detoxifies a used sleeper tree and can be reused as a fuel.

  The method for producing charcoal according to claim 1 of the present invention is characterized in that the sleeper tree is carbonized at a temperature of 500 to 800 ° C. for 1 to 5 hours.

  The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in claim 1, a sleeper made of wood treated with creosote oil is used.

  According to the method for producing charcoal according to claim 1 of the present invention, used pillows can be rendered harmless and reused as fuel.

  According to the invention of claim 2, harmful creosote oil can be decomposed and rendered harmless.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

  In the present invention, the sleeper tree can be made of wood treated with creosote oil. Specifically, a pressure type creosote oil preservative treatment sleeper (standard number: JISA9104) can be used. Such sleepers contain anthracene (dibenzo [a · h] anthracene, benzo [a] anthracene, benzo [a] pyrene) as harmful substances. In addition, as long as it is a sleeper processed with creosote oil, you may use what has not passed the useful life.

  And in this invention, the above sleeper trees are carbonized and a carbide | carbonized_material (charcoal) is produced | generated. FIG. 1 shows an example of a carbonization apparatus used to carbonize a sleeper tree 1, and this carbonization apparatus is formed in a double structure by providing an inner hook 2 in which the sleeper tree 1 is accommodated inside an outer pot 3. Has been. In this way, a space 4 for heat insulation and heat insulation is formed between the inner hook 2 and the outer hook 3. The carbonization device is provided with a lid 5, and the sleeper 1 can be accommodated in the inner hook 2 by opening the lid 5, and the outside air is allowed to pass by closing the lid 5. Can be prevented from flowing into the interior. In addition, the carbonization apparatus is provided with a gas inflow pipe 6 and a gas outflow pipe 7 that communicate with the inside of the inner pot 2, and an inert gas such as nitrogen gas flows into the inner pot 2 through the gas inflow pipe 6. As a result, the inside of the inner pot 2 can be purged with an inert gas, and the dry distillation gas generated in the inner pot 2 during dry distillation can flow out of the inner pot 2 through the gas outflow pipe 7. Further, the carbonizing device is provided with a heating device 8 such as a burner, and the inner device 2 can be heated by the heating device 8. Exhaust can be performed by an exhaust pipe 9 provided in communication with the space 4 between the inner hook 2 and the outer hook 3.

  In order to carbonize the sleeper 1 using the carbonization device formed as described above, first, the lid 5 of the carbonization device is opened, and after the sleeper 1 is accommodated in the inner pot 2, the lid 5 is closed. The amount of the sleeper 1 accommodated at this time can be appropriately adjusted according to the size of the inner hook 2, and is, for example, about 1800 to 3000 kg. Next, an inert gas such as nitrogen gas is caused to flow into the inner pot 2 through the gas inflow pipe 6 and the inside of the inner pot 2 is purged with the inert gas. Thereby, the air inside the inner hook 2 is removed, and the sleeper 1 can be prevented from burning and becoming ash. Thereafter, the sleeper 1 is subjected to dry distillation at a temperature of 500 to 800 ° C. for 1 to 5 hours by the heating device 8. In this way, by heating the sleeper tree 1 to a high temperature in an oxygen-free atmosphere without oxygen, anthracenes contained in the sleeper tree 1 (dibenzo [a · h] anthracene, benzo [a] anthracene, benzo [a] A harmful substance such as pyrene) can be decomposed to obtain a detoxified carbide. And this carbide | carbonized_material can be used not only as a fuel of SL (steam locomotive) but also as a fuel of a boiler, a blast furnace, and an incinerator. Furthermore, oil obtained as a by-product by cooling dry distillation gas can also be used as fuel. As described above, according to the present invention, the used sleeper 1 can be rendered harmless and reused as fuel without disposing it as waste at a great expense. However, if the carbonization temperature is lower than 500 ° C., it takes a long time to obtain carbides and the harmful substances cannot be sufficiently decomposed. Conversely, if the carbonization temperature is higher than 800 ° C., it occurs instantaneously. The amount of gas increases and it becomes difficult to control, and in the worst case, the carbonization device may explode. On the other hand, if the carbonization time is shorter than 1 hour, the carbonization is insufficient and the harmful substances cannot be sufficiently decomposed. Conversely, if the carbonization time is longer than 5 hours, the fuel cost for heating is not sufficient. In addition, the amount of sleepers that can be processed in a certain time (for example, one month) is reduced, the productivity of the plant is deteriorated, and the deterioration of the plant is advanced by long-time heating.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples.

1. 1. Properties of raw materials 1.1 Impregnation state of creosote oil in sleeper trees In order to select a typical sleeper tree, the impregnation state of creosote oil was used as an index. Ten arbitrary pillows were selected from the accumulation areas in Osaka and Hyogo prefectures, and the creosote oil in the center and surface layers of each pillow was analyzed. Since creosote oil is a mixture and cannot be quantitatively analyzed, anthracene was analyzed and used as an index for selection. In addition, all the sleepers are pressure type creosote oil preservative sleepers (standard number: JISA9104).

  As the analysis method, the method stipulated in the Ministry of Health and Welfare Ordinance No. 34 “Enforcement Regulations on Household Products Containing Hazardous Substances” was used. The analysis results are as follows.

  Osaka No. in which almost no anthracene was detected. 5. Hyogo No. 5 5 and no. Data on the anthracene of sleeper trees excluding 10 were as follows.

  And the thing close | similar to the average of a statistical value, the thing near the maximum, and the thing near the minimum were selected as a candidate for analysis. Specifically, Osaka No. 4 is assumed to be close to the average of statistical values. 2, Hyogo No. 9, Hyogo No. 3 was selected.

2. Carbonization Test 2.1 Plant Test Basic Data In order to obtain basic data at the time of plant design, a carbonization test was conducted in a mini-plant equipped with a carbonization apparatus as shown in FIG. The results were as follows.

  Carbonization was completed by dry distillation at 500 to 550 ° C. for about 2 hours. Moreover, the quantity of the produced | generated carbide | carbonized_material was 18 to 32% with respect to the quantity of a sleeper tree. The amount of gas generated was 83 to 93 liters per 1 kg of sleeper trees.

2.2 Hazardous Substance Content Test Carbohydrates obtained from the carbonization test and harmful substances in oil were analyzed. In particular, the amount of anthracene contained in the wastewater was also analyzed. The analysis results are as follows. The drainage is generated by condensing moisture contained in the dry distillation gas at the tip of the gas outflow pipe 7.

  As a reference example, Hyogo No. The analysis result of the carbide obtained by carbonizing 9 at a temperature of 500 ° C. for 5 minutes is shown below.

  It can be seen that anthracene remains and exceeds the criterion.

3. Fuel test 3.1 Carbide test A test was conducted to confirm that carbide can be used as fuel. Specifically, each test based on standard number: JISM8813, JISM8812, JISM8814, JISK2541 was conducted. The test results were as follows.

  It can be seen that all the carbides satisfy the fuel standard (general conditions of [Table 9]). In addition, as an analysis value of coal used in a steam locomotive, an analysis value of coal used in Umekoji is also shown in the above [Table 9].

3.2 Oil analysis A test was conducted to confirm the properties of the generated oil. Specifically, each test based on Karl Fischer capacity method, standard number: JISM8814, JISK2541 was conducted. The test results were as follows.

  It can be seen that both oils satisfy the fuel standard (general conditions in [Table 10]).

4). Analysis of ash In order to confirm that the ash obtained by burning the carbide satisfied the standard for the treatment of industrial waste, an elution test and a content test of ash remaining after burning the carbide were conducted. These tests are based on “Testing methods for metals contained in industrial waste”. The test results were as follows.

5. Summary It was found that the sleeper trees were carbonized by carbonization at 500 to 550 ° C. for about 2 hours regardless of the concentration of anthracene (concentration of creosote oil), and the anthracene hardly remained in the carbide.

  Moreover, it is estimated that about 84 to 90% of the anthracene contained in the creosote oil is decomposed and removed in the process of carbonization to become hydrogen gas, methane gas, ethane gas or the like. It was found that most undegraded anthracene distills in the oil. In addition, since the fuel standard of business oil is determined only by the calorific value, moisture, and chlorine content, anthracene may be distilled off.

  Moreover, the quantity of the obtained carbide | carbonized_material was 18 to 32% with respect to the quantity of a sleeper.

  The amount of gas generated during carbonization was 83 to 93 liters per 1 kg of the sleeper.

  In addition, it was found that the carbide had a sufficient calorific value as a fuel and contained no harmful substances.

  It was also found that the oil obtained as a by-product satisfied general fuel standards.

  In addition, although ash partially contains lead, it was not detected in the dissolution test, so it can be disposed of as general waste.

  Needless to say, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments.

It is the schematic which shows an example of a carbonization apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

  1 sleeper tree

Claims (2)

  A method for producing charcoal, characterized by dry distillation of a sleeper tree at a temperature of 500 to 800 ° C for 1 to 5 hours.   The method for producing charcoal according to claim 1, wherein the sleeper tree is made of wood treated with creosote oil.

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