JP2008138474A - Excavating device for underground excavation, rotary excavator, and underground excavation construction method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an excavating device for underground excavation, a rotary excavator, and an underground excavation construction method for achieving satisfactory underground excavation work with small vibration and low noise. <P>SOLUTION: This excavating device 1 for underground excavation has a plurality of bits 42a, etc. having smaller outside diameters than that of an excavating device body 2 and advancing and retracting to/from an excavation side; piston case members 22a, etc. incorporating pistons 61 giving hitting forces to the bits 42a, etc. by the energy of a working fluid; and a fluid storing part 30 for storing the working fluid fed into each piston case member 22a, etc.. In each piston case member 22a, a travel distance of the piston 61 reciprocating to give the hitting forces to bits 41, etc. provided in the piston case members 22a, etc., respectively, is set to be different per piston case member 22a in order to hit and drive each bit 41, etc. by staggering an operation time of each bit 41, etc. from each other. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

The present invention relates to an excavation apparatus for underground excavation, a rotary excavator, and an underground excavation method.
More particularly, the present invention relates to an excavation apparatus for underground excavation, a rotary excavator, and an underground excavation method that enable excavation work with low vibration and low noise.

In the field of civil engineering and architecture, an excavator called “down the hole hammer” is used for excavating hard ground mainly containing rock, rocks, concrete, and the like. A down-the-hole hammer moves a hammer bit at the tip up and down by supplying compressed air and driving an internal piston, and performs excavation by hitting the hammer bit (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-328983 (FIG. 1)

  In addition, there is a drilling device called an “earth auger” that drills holes with a spiral cone, but the earth auger is more suitable for drilling hard ground where rock, rocks, concrete, etc. exist than the down-the-hole hammer described above. Is not suitable.

  As shown in FIG. 1 of Patent Document 1, in the conventional down-the-hole hammer, the hammer bit having the same diameter as that of the hole to be drilled is moved up and down to hit the ground. Large and severe noise and vibration occurred during excavation. For this reason, for example, it is not suitable for use in a densely populated house or an office district in an urban area where work with lower vibration and noise is desired.

(Object of the present invention)
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a drilling device, a rotary excavator and an underground excavation method capable of performing excavation work with low vibration and low noise.
Other objects of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.

Means taken by the present invention to achieve the above object are as follows.
In addition, although the code | symbol used in drawing is described using the parenthesis in order to help the understanding of description of the effect | action mentioned later, each component is not limited to the thing of drawing description.

  The present invention has a plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) that are smaller in outer diameter than the excavator body (2) and advance and retract to the excavation side, and bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e). A plurality of drilling rig bodies (2) are accommodated corresponding to the number of pistons, and pistons (61) are provided that give impact force to each bit (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) by the energy of the working fluid. A piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) and a fluid reservoir (30) for storing the working fluid sent to each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b); A plurality of piston case members (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) are provided corresponding to the number of the piston case members (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, Each of the piston case members (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) has a piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) having a working fluid path (351, 352, 352, 352, 352, 352). 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) (41, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) to reciprocate in order to give a biting force to the bit (41, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) At least one selected from the group consisting of the moving distance of the moving piston (61), the size of the piston (61), and the weight of the piston (61) is each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, It is an excavation device for underground excavation that is set differently for each 22b).

  The present invention has a plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) that are smaller in outer diameter than the excavator body (2) and advance and retract to the excavation side, and bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e). A plurality of drilling rig bodies (2) are accommodated corresponding to the number of pistons, and pistons (61) are provided that give impact force to each bit (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) by the energy of the working fluid. A piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) and a fluid reservoir (30) for storing the working fluid sent to each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b); A plurality of piston case members (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) are provided corresponding to the number of the piston case members (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) through which the working fluid passes (351, 352, 352, 352, 352, 352), and each working fluid path (351, 352a, 352b, 352c ...) has an inner diameter through which each working fluid passes. Case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) For each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) so that the provided bits (41, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) are driven to strike while shifting the time with respect to each other. It is an excavation device for underground excavation that is set differently.

  The present invention provides a working fluid guide member (8) that receives the working fluid supplied to the fluid storing section (30) and guides it to the flow port (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e) in the fluid storing section (30). Is an excavation device for underground excavation.

  In the present invention, the excavator body (2) is provided with a vibration-proof material and / or a sound-proof material (230) so as to surround each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b). It is a drilling device for underground excavation.

  The present invention is a rotary excavator comprising the excavator (1) (1a) described above and a rotary drive device (5) capable of giving a rotary motion to the excavator (1) (1a). is there.

  The present invention is an underground excavation method using the excavator (1) (1a) described above, characterized in that the excavator (1) (1a) performs underground excavation while giving a rotational motion. The underground excavation method.

  As the “working fluid” in the present specification and claims, a gas such as air (for example, compressed air) or a liquid such as water or oil can be employed.

  The term “vibration-proof material or / and sound-proof material” as used in the present specification and claims may include either one of the vibration-proof material or the sound-proof material, or both of the vibration-proof material and the sound-proof material ( In some cases, including those having both anti-vibration and sound-proofing effects).

(Work)
The excavator according to the present invention has a plurality of bits (41, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) having an outer diameter smaller than that of the excavator body (2) and moving forward and backward to the excavation side. To do.

(A) From the fluid storage section (30) that stores the working fluid, the working fluid is sent to each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) through each working fluid piston path (351, 352, 352, 352, 352, 352). . As a result, the piston (61) built in each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) applies the striking force for excavation to each bit (41, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e). ).

  Furthermore, in the present invention, the moving distance of the piston (61) reciprocating to give a striking force to the bit (41, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e), the size of the piston (61), the piston (61) At least one selected from the group consisting of weights is set to be different for each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) or each working fluid path (351, 352a, 352b, 352c ...) is set so that the inner diameter of the working fluid passing through each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) is different, so the other piston case members (22a, 22b, By making the conditions of 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) the same, each bit (41, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) is driven to strike while shifting the time. Accordingly, the impact of the ground received every time the bit (41, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) is hit is small.

(B) In the case where the working fluid guide member (8) is provided in the fluid reservoir (30), the working fluid guide member (8) receives the working fluid supplied to the fluid reservoir (30) and receives each working fluid. It is guided to the path (351, 352, 352, 352, 352, 352) (351, 352a, 352b, 352c...), And the working fluid is sent to each working fluid path (351, 352, 352, 352, 352, 352) (351, 352a, 352b, 352c. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the working fluid sent to the piston case members (22a, 22b) from being uneven.

(C) If the excavator body (2) is provided with vibration-proofing material and / or sound-proofing material (230) so as to surround the piston case (22), vibration and sound generated when the piston is driven are vibration-proofed. The material or / and soundproofing material (230) is relaxed.

  The rotary excavator according to the present invention performs excavation work while applying a rotational motion to the excavators (1) and (1a) by the rotation drive device (5). By giving the rotational motion, the excavation position of the bid (41, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) included in the excavator (1) (1a) moves with respect to the excavation surface. Thereby, the bid (41, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) hits the entire excavation surface evenly.

The present invention has the above-described configuration and has the following effects.
(A) According to the excavator according to the present invention, at least one selected from the group consisting of a moving distance of a piston that reciprocates to give a striking force to the bit, a size of the piston, and a weight of the piston It is set to be different for each case member, or the inner diameter of the working fluid passing through each working fluid path is set to be different for each piston case member, so the conditions of the other piston case members are the same. As a result, the bits are driven to strike at different times.
Therefore, compared to the conventional down-the-hole hammer that hits the ground by moving a hammer bit of the same diameter as the hole to be drilled, the impact of the ground received by each bit hit is small, low vibration, low noise Excavation work can be done with. Therefore, it is suitable for use in a densely populated residential area or an urban office area where work with lower vibration and noise is desired.

  Conventionally, it has been necessary to drive a hammer bit having the same large diameter as the hole to be drilled, so inevitably a large amount of air is required to move the hammer bit up and down, and a relatively large air compressor is required. Met. On the other hand, in the present invention, since a relatively small bit may be driven, a consumption amount of a working fluid (for example, air) for advancing and retreating one bit is small, and as a result, a supply device that supplies the working fluid (For example, when the working fluid is air, the air compressor) can be reduced in size. Therefore, the installation area of the supply device is small, and it is suitable for construction in a limited space such as a densely populated house or an urban office district. Further, since the supply device can be downsized, the drive means such as an engine for driving the supply device can be downsized, so that vibration and noise generated from the drive means can be suppressed to a low level.

(B) In the case where the working fluid guide member is provided in the fluid reservoir, it is possible to prevent the working fluid sent to each piston case member from being uneven.

(C) In the case where the vibration proofing material and / or the soundproofing material is provided in the excavator body so as to surround the piston case, it is more effective that the vibration or sound generated when the piston is driven leaks or is transmitted to the outside. Can be prevented.

(D) According to the rotary excavator and the underground excavation method according to the present invention, excavation work with low vibration and low noise can be performed by using the excavator having the above-described effects while giving a rotational motion. .

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention, this invention is not limited to these.

1 to 7 are diagrams for explaining a first embodiment of an excavation apparatus for underground excavation according to the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a perspective explanatory view of the excavator according to the present embodiment as viewed from the front end side.
2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional explanatory view of the excavator shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the excavator shown in FIG. 1, in which the air tank member and the excavation bit member removed from the air tank member are disassembled. In FIG. 3, the base side (upper side) of the air tank member 3 is not shown.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory side view showing the internal structure of one of the piston case members housed in the excavation bit member. The built-in piston moves up and down (back and forth). The state of being present is shown over time in FIGS.

5 (a) is the same longitudinal cross-sectional explanatory view shown in FIG. 4 (a), FIG. 5 (b) is a vertical cross-sectional explanatory view of another piston case member accommodated in the excavation bit member,
FIG. 6 is a perspective explanatory view showing a fluid guide member disposed in the air tank member of the excavator shown in FIG.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory side view showing a rotary excavator mainly composed of an excavator and a rotary drive device.

A rotary excavator 6 shown in FIG. 7 includes the excavator 1 for underground excavation shown in FIG. 1 and a rotary drive device 5 that can give the excavator 1 a rotational motion.
First, the excavator 1 will be described, and then the rotary drive device 5 will be described.

[Excavator 1]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the entire excavator 1 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape. The excavator 1 includes an excavation bit member 2 that is an excavator body located on the excavation side (front side) and an air tank member 3 that is a working fluid storage member located on the base side.

  The excavation bit member 2 includes a plurality of bits 41, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, and 42e on the tip side. Each bit 41, ... has a plurality of outer diameters smaller than that of the excavation bit member 2. As shown in FIG. 7 which will be described later, the excavator 1 is used in a state in which each bit 41,... At the tip end is directed downward by being suspended by a crane (not shown).

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, each bit 41,... Has a central bit 41 provided at one central portion of the excavation bit member 2, and a circumference centered on the central bit 41. Are formed of peripheral bits 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, and 42e provided at five positions at equal intervals (around the central bit 41). As will be described later, the central bit 41 has a circular head portion, whereas the peripheral bits 42a,... Have a substantially triangular head portion. Each bit 41,... Is configured to be driven (up and down or forward / backward) at different times, not simultaneously.

  The air tank member 3 is detachably connected to the base side of the excavation bit member 2 by bolts 31 and nuts 32 (not visible in FIG. 1, see FIG. 2), which are fixing tools. As shown in FIG. 2, the air tank member 3 includes an air storage portion 30 that can store air, which is a working fluid that drives each bit 41,.

  Hereinafter, the constituent members of the excavator 1 will be described in detail in order.

(Drilling bit member 2)
As shown in FIG. 3, the excavation bit member 2 includes, in order from the top, a piston case member 22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, which includes a connecting member 21 and houses driving means including a piston. A case mounting body 23, a drive chuck 24, a chuck guide 25, a bit 41,.

  Each piston case member 22a, 22b,... Has a metal and cylindrical piston case body 220a, 220b,. The connection body 21 is screwed to the base end part (upper part in FIG. 3) of each piston case main body 220a. Each bit 41,... Is connected to the tip portion (lower part in FIG. 3) of each piston case main body 220a via a drive chuck 24 and a chuck guide 25. Each piston case member 22a, 22b is provided in the same number as each bit 41,... (In this embodiment, a plurality, a total of six locations).

  Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the piston case member 22a corresponding to the central bit 41 may be referred to as “central piston case member 22a”, and the piston case member 22b corresponding to the peripheral bit 42 may be referred to as “peripheral piston case member 22b”. is there.

  Please refer to FIG. In FIG. 4, one central piston case member 22 a contained in the excavation bit member is shown, but the pistons 61 of other peripheral piston case members 22 b reciprocate in the same manner.

  As shown in FIG. 4A, the piston case main body 220a incorporates (accommodates) driving means including a piston 61 for operating the bit 41. That is, in addition to the piston 61, the piston case main body 220a includes a cylinder 62, a check valve 63, an air distributor 64 (rigid valve), a valve spring 65, a foot valve 66, a make-up ring, an O-ring, a piston retirer ring, a bit. Retainer ring etc. are provided. Since this driving means is the same as or roughly the same as a known down-the-hole hammer driving mechanism (for example, described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-92288), detailed description thereof is omitted.

With reference to FIGS. 4A to 4D, this drive mechanism will be briefly described.
First, in the state where the excavation apparatus 1 before excavation work shown in FIG. 7 is suspended, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the bit 41 at the tip is projected to the tip of the piston case member 22a by its own weight. ing. In this state, the front peripheral surface portion of the piston 61 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the piston case main body 220a, and the air introduced from the air hose 351 does not travel (is not sent) to the front end side of the piston 61. Thereby, the piston 61 does not rise (does not move to the base side of the piston case main body 220a), and the bit 41 is in a drive stop state.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 4B, when the excavation device 1 in the suspended state is lowered until the bit 41 comes into contact with the excavation surface L that is the ground (or the ground contact surface), the bit 41 is caused by its own weight. Moves into the piston case main body 220a. As a result, air flows from the gap formed between the front peripheral surface portion of the piston 61 and the inner peripheral surface of the piston case main body 220a to the lower side (front side) of the piston 61, and FIG. As shown in FIG. 4D, the piston 61 is pushed up at a high speed.

  Thereafter, when the piston 61 rises to a required position, the front-side peripheral surface portion of the piston 61 comes into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the piston case main body 220a again, and air does not travel to the front-end side of the piston 61. As a result, the air travels to the upper side of the piston 61, and the pushed-up piston 61 is pushed down at a high speed, hitting the bit 41 at the tip as shown in FIG. As a result, the air that has entered from the foot valve 66 passes through the inside of the bit 41 and is discharged from the front side of the bit 41, and the bit 41 protrudes to the tip and is driven to hit. Due to the impact force caused by the reciprocating motion of the piston 61 up and down, the excavation side bit 41 (and the bit 42a of the other piston case member 22b) advances and retreats and digs into the ground. The advance / retreat stroke of the bit 41 is, for example, about 1 to 3 cm.

  As described above, the excavation bit member 2 is provided with five peripheral piston case members 22b, ... in addition to the above-described central piston case member 22a. The central piston case member 22a and the other five peripheral piston case members 22b,... Have the length of each piston case main body 220a, 220b and the size of each piston 61, 61a accommodated. Are different from each other.

  That is, the longitudinal length of the piston case main body 220b of the peripheral piston case member 22b shown in FIG. 5B is shorter than the piston case main body 220a of the central piston case member 22a shown in FIG. ing. That is, the distance L2 from the air distributor beater 64 to the bit 42a shown in FIG. 5B is shorter than the distance L1 from the air distributor beater 64 to the bit 41 shown in FIG.

  Furthermore, the piston 61a of the peripheral piston case member 22b shown in FIG. 5 (b) corresponds to the length of the piston case body 220b rather than the piston 61 of the central piston case member 22a shown in FIG. 5 (a). The length in the longitudinal direction is shortened. That is, the weight of the piston 61a having a shorter length is lighter than that of the piston 61.

  With such a configuration of the piston case members 22a and 22b, the peripheral piston case shown in FIG. 5 (b) is the same even if the amount of air sent from the air reservoir 30 shown in FIG. 2 to the air hoses 351 and 352 is the same. The piston 61a of the member 22b is driven with a smaller amount of air. Therefore, the peripheral piston case member 22b shown in FIG. 5 (b) has a higher number of hits per hour than the central piston case member 22a shown in FIG. 5 (a).

  For example, if the central piston case member 22a shown in FIG. 5 (a) drives the bit 41 to hit about 1200 times per minute, the peripheral piston case member 22b shown in FIG. It can be set such that the number of times of driving is 1,400 times.

  Further, although not shown, the remaining four peripheral piston case members 22b,... Corresponding to the other bits 42a, 42c, 42d, and 42e are similarly provided with the length of each piston case body 220b and the accommodation. The sizes of the pistons are different from each other. Thereby, the number of hits per minute is different from each other (for example, 1600 times for the bit 42a, 1800 times for the bit 42c, 2000 times for the bit 42d, 2200 times for the bit 42e, etc.). As a result, each of the six bits 41,... Shown in FIG. 1 can be excavated by moving up and down while not shifting at the same time.

  The number of hits of each bit 41,... Per time described above varies depending on the hardness of the formation to be excavated even with the same bit. In the case of a hard stratum, each bit 41,... After hitting the ground quickly returns, and the vertical movement of each piston 61,. The number of hits increases.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the connection body 21 located at the base end portion of each piston case body 220a, 220b has a hole 211 (not visible in FIG. 3) that is a path of the working fluid, and the base end side is convex in cross section. It is formed in a shape. The convex portion constitutes the insertion portion 222, and the insertion portion 222 is inserted into the air tank member 3 and attached. Then, the drive means in each piston case member 22a is driven by the air sent from the air tank member 3 through the insertion portion 222 of the connection body 21.

  Each piston case member 22a, 22b (6 in total in this embodiment) is detachably attached to a piston case attachment body 23 (see FIG. 3) which is a substantially cylindrical attachment body. The piston case mounting body 23 includes a cylindrical main body 231 (see FIG. 2), and a cover body 233 (hereinafter referred to as a “front cover body 233”) fixed to an opening on the front side of the cylindrical main body 231. The cover body 234 is mainly composed of a cover body 234 (hereinafter referred to as “base cover body 234”) fixed to the opening on the base side of the cylindrical main body 231.

  Furthermore, a piston case casing 232 (see FIG. 2), which is a cylindrical and elongated casing, is accommodated inside the piston case attachment body 23. The piston case casing 232 is attached with the piston case main bodies 220a and 220b being inserted. The piston case casing 232 is provided in the same number as the piston case main bodies 220 a and 220 b, and the axial direction of the piston case casing 232 is the same as the longitudinal direction of the piston case attachment body 23.

  The front cover body 233 has a required thickness, and is provided with insertion holes 235 that are holes for inserting the piston case member 22a. Similarly, the base cover body 234 has a required thickness and is provided with insertion holes 236 (see FIG. 2) that are holes for inserting the piston case members 22a and 22b. In the present embodiment, the insertion holes 235 and 236 are provided at six locations in total, one at the center and five at regular intervals on the circumference centered on the center.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the above-described piston case casing 232 is fixed in a state sandwiched between the upper and lower cover bodies 233 and 234 and is accommodated in the cylindrical main body 231. A hole (reference numeral omitted) on the tip end side of the piston case casing 232 communicates with the insertion hole 235 of the front cover body 233. A hole (reference numeral omitted) on the base end side of the piston case casing 232 communicates with the insertion hole 236 of the base cover body 234.

  Further, a gap 230 formed between the piston case main bodies 220a and 220b in the piston case mounting body 23 (cylindrical main body 231) is filled with sand 230 (see FIG. 2) as a vibration insulating material and / or a sound insulating material. Has been.

  In addition, the tip portions of the piston case main bodies 220a and 220b partially protrude from the front cover body 233. The base end side of the substantially cylindrical drive chuck 24 shown in FIG. 3 is attached to the hole (not shown) of the protruding portion in a state where it is slightly pushed. In the hole 241 on the tip side of the drive chuck 24, the base side of each bit 41,...

  The chuck guide 25 has a substantially circular shape in plan view and has a required thickness, and is fixed to the tip of the piston case mounting body 23 (the front cover body 233). For fixing the chuck guide 25, a bolt 251 as a fixing tool and a nut 252 (shown on the left side of the piston case mounting body 23 in FIG. 3) mounted from the piston case mounting body 23 side are used.

  On the front side of the chuck guide 25, a circular concave portion 253 in the bottom view and a required number of concave portions 254 that are V-shaped grooves in the bottom view are provided radially so as to surround the concave portion 253. A central bit 41 having a head portion 411 having a circular shape in a bottom view is disposed in the recess 253. In each recess 254, a peripheral bit 42 provided with a head portion 421 having a substantially triangular shape when viewed from the bottom is disposed. A number of cemented carbide button chips 412 are provided on the head portions 411, 421 of the respective bits 41,.

  The chuck guide 25 is provided with an attachment hole 255 which is an attachment portion configured by the same number of holes as the respective bits 41. The attachment hole 255 is located in the recess 253 and the recess 254 described above. The tip of the drive chuck 24 is fitted into the base side of the mounting hole 255. The drive chuck 24 has a hexagonal nut-shaped detent 242, and a hexagonal recess 256 (see FIG. 2) into which the detent 242 is fitted is formed in the mounting hole 255 of the chuck guide 25.

  The base side of each bit 41,... Is formed as a spline shaft, and the base side is fitted from the tip of the mounting hole 255, thereby forming grooves (not shown) for concave and convex engagement on the inner peripheral wall. It is mounted inside the drive chuck 24. The base side of each bit 41,... Is mounted so as not to be detached from the drive chuck 24 side by the above-described bit retainer ring and O-ring.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a required number of flat bars 26 that are protrusions along the axial direction are provided on the outer periphery of the piston case attachment body 23. In this embodiment, a plurality of flat bars 26 (six places in total) are provided at a required interval in the circumferential direction. The crushed bedrock and earth and sand (slime) generated in the hole excavated during the excavation work of the ground are the hole and flat bar excavated by the air injected from the front side of the excavation bit member 2 (chuck guide 25). It is sent to the ground surface through a gap between 26 and 26.

(Air tank member 3)
A connection joint 34 for introducing air is provided at the base end portion (upper end portion in FIG. 2) of the air tank member 3. The air introduced from the connection joint 34 is stored in the air storage part 30 in the air tank member 3. Reference numeral 340 indicates a blowing hole of the connection joint 34.

  As shown in FIG. 3, on the front side of the air tank member 3, a connecting body 33 for connecting to the base end portion of the excavation bit member 2 (on the insertion portion 222 side of each piston case member 22) is provided. Yes. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the air storage part 30 is provided in the inside of the base part side (upper side in FIG. 2) from the connection body 33. As shown in FIG. The air storage unit 30 is partitioned from the connecting body 33 side by a partition 300 formed of a plate-like body having a circular shape in plan view.

  As shown in FIG. 3, a required number of connection holes 331 are provided at the front portion of the connection body 33. As shown in FIG. 2, one end portion (lower end portion in FIG. 2) of each air hose 351, 352 is inserted into the insertion portion 222 of the piston case member 22 a,. It is connected.

  The other end portions (upper end portions in FIG. 2) of the air hoses 351 and 352 are partition holes 3a, 3d and 3f (three partition holes are shown in FIG. 2) which are flow holes for the working fluid formed in the partition body 300. The remaining three partition holes (not shown) are connected to each other). Each partition hole 3a,... And each air hose 351, 352 constitutes a working fluid circulation part for sending the working fluid to each piston case member 22a, 22b.

  Although not all air hoses are shown in FIG. 2, the air hoses are provided corresponding to the total number of piston case members 22a and 22b (the same number as the piston case members 22a and 22b, six in this embodiment). Yes. In the present embodiment, the coupling body 33 in which the air hoses 351 and 352 are accommodated is a hollow, generally cylindrical body as a whole, but may be formed in a solid shape.

  In this embodiment, each partition hole 3a is a circular hole. Each partition hole 3a is provided corresponding to the number of each piston case member 22a, 22b. That is, one partition hole 3f (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “central partition hole 3f”) is provided at the center of the partition body 300, and the partition hole 3a is formed on the circumference centering on the center partition hole 3f. , 3d, 3f,... (Hereinafter may be referred to as “each peripheral partition hole 3a”) are provided at five equal intervals.

  An air hose 351 (see FIG. 2; hereinafter referred to as “central air hose 351”) led out from the central piston case member 22a corresponding to the central bit 41 shown in FIG. 1 is connected to the central partition hole 3f. The remaining peripheral partition holes 3a,... Surrounding the central partition hole 3f are air hoses 352 derived from the piston case member 22b corresponding to the peripheral bits 42a,. "Ambient air hose 352") is connected to each other. The central air hose 351 and each peripheral air hose 352 have the same inner diameter and length.

(Air guide member 8)
In the air reservoir 30, an air guide member 8, which is a working fluid guide member for guiding the air supplied from the connection joint 34 to each of the partition holes 3 a,. As shown in FIG. 6, the air guide member 8 has a shape like a bowl.

  The air guide member 8 has a hemispherical (ball-shaped) receiving portion 81 that receives air from the blowing hole 340 of the connection joint 34 and a support body 82 that includes a substantially conical conical wall portion that supports the receiving portion 81. is doing. In this embodiment, the base end portion 823 (lower end portion in FIG. 2) of the support body 82 is fixed in the vicinity of the peripheral edge portion of the partition body 300, but directly or indirectly on the inner wall surface 304 of the air storage portion 30. It can also be fixed.

  The support 82 shown in FIG. 6 is provided with intake holes 821 that are a required number of intake portions for taking air into the support 82. The number of intake holes 821 is equal to the required number (in this case) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the support 82 on the front side (upper side in FIG. 6) and the base side (lower side in FIG. 6). In the embodiment, there are a plurality of 8 places). Each intake hole 821 is provided so as to be inclined downward in FIG. 2 so as to be discharged toward each partition hole 3a,.

  With such a configuration, the air supplied from the blowing hole 340 of the connection joint 34 shown at the top in FIG. 2 hits the receiving portion 81 of the air guide member 8 and then rebounds along the concave surface of the receiving portion 81. Furthermore, it returns to the support body 82 side like drawing an arc, passes through each intake hole 821, and is sent to each partition hole 3a,.

(Outer peripheral part of air tank member 3)
As shown in FIG. 2, the base side (upper side in FIG. 2) of the air tank member 3 with respect to the connecting body 33 is formed to be slightly recessed toward the base side with the connecting body 33 as a boundary. The outer diameter of the small-diameter portion 36 formed slightly smaller than the connecting body 33 is made to match the inner diameter of a cylindrical drive bush 51 provided in the rotary drive device 5 (see FIG. 7) described later. It has been.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 7, when the drive bush 51 is fitted and dropped from the base end portion of the excavator 1 with the excavator 1 standing, the drive bush 51 has a larger diameter of the air tank member 3. It stops at the part (near the coupling body 33) and does not fall down. Details of this operation will be described later.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a required number of flat bars 361 which are ridges are provided on the outer periphery of the air tank member 3 along the axial direction. In this embodiment, a plurality of flat bars 361 (six places in total) are provided. During the excavation work, the flat bar 361 engages with an engagement groove provided on an inner wall portion of a drive bush 51 of a rotary drive device 5 (see FIG. 5) provided with a rotary table (rotary table) described later. The rotational driving force (rotational motion) of the drive bush 51 is transmitted to the excavator 1.

[Rotary drive device 5]
On the other hand, the rotary drive device 5 shown in FIG. 7 gives the excavator 1 a rotational motion as described above. The rotation drive device 5 includes a rotation drive device main body 50 and an outrigger 52 that supports the rotation drive device main body 50. As described above, the rotary drive device body 50 can be equipped with the excavator 1 via the drive bush 51 and includes a rotary table (not shown hidden in FIG. 7) that gives the excavator 1 a rotational motion.

(Work)
The operation of the rotary excavator 6 provided with the excavator 1 will be described.
In addition, a present Example demonstrates the effect | action of the rotary excavator 6 taking the case where the hole for piles is excavated in the ground as an example.

  First, as shown in FIG. 7, the rotary drive device 5 constituting the rotary excavator 6 is placed on a temporary scaffold 600 made of, for example, H steel or the like. On the other hand, the required number (required number) of kelly rods 7 is connected to the base end portion of the excavator 1 according to the length of the hole excavated in the ground. In this embodiment, one kelly rod 7 is connected, but two or more (a plurality) may be connected.

  The kelly rod 7 has a built-in air supply pipe. The kelly rod 7 and the excavator 1 are fixed by a fixing tool (not shown) made up of pins, bolts, nuts and the like. The excavator 1 to which the kelly rod 7 is connected is suspended and supported by a crane (not shown in the drawing). In FIG. 7, reference numeral 73 denotes a wire connected to the crane.

  Then, the drive bush 51 is set on the rotary table of the rotary drive device 5 (not shown hidden in FIG. 7). Further, while being suspended and supported by a crane, the flat bar 361 of the air tank member 3 of the excavator 1 is engaged with an engagement groove (not shown in the drawing) which is a groove on the inner wall of the drive bush 51. Then, excavation is started while the excavator 1 is suspended by the crane.

  During excavation, the rotational driving force transmitted from the rotary table to the drive bush 51 is transmitted to the air tank member 3 and the excavator 1 rotates. A support shaft 71 is provided at the upper end of the kelly rod 7 to be suspended and supported by a crane. A supply pipe 72 that supplies air to the excavator 1 is connected to the support shaft 71. The support shaft 71 is provided with an air swivel (not shown).

  The air sent from the supply pipe 72 is sent to the excavator 1 through the air supply pipe of the kelly rod 7. The air sent to the excavator 1 is discharged from the blowout hole 340 of the connection joint 34 shown in FIG.

  After the air supplied from the blowout hole 340 hits the receiving portion 81 of the air guide member 8, it bounces along the concave surface of the receiving portion 81, and further returns to the support 82 side so as to draw an arc. It passes through the entrance hole 821 and is sent to each partition hole 3a,.

  Further, the air is introduced into the piston case members 22a,... Through the air hoses 351, 352 corresponding to the partition holes 3a, ... to drive the pistons 61, 61a,. The bits 41, 42a, ... are moved up and down.

  As described above, in each piston case member 22a, the length of the piston case main body 220a, 220b and the size of each accommodated piston 61a,... Are different from each other, and the number of hits per minute is different. They are different from each other. As a result, the bits 41 and 42a move up and down while shifting their time, and do not hit the ground continuously. Further, since the bits 41 and 42 have a small diameter with respect to the hole to be excavated, the impact of the ground received by each hit of the bits 41 and 42 is small.

  As described above, excavation work can be performed with low noise and low vibration, compared with a conventional down-the-hole hammer that hits the ground by moving one hammer bit having almost the same diameter as the hole to be excavated. Therefore, it is suitable for use in densely populated houses and urban office districts.

  Further, the excavating device 1 is rotated by the rotation driving device 5 so that the excavation positions of the peripheral bits 42a,... Thereby, each bid 41 and 42 hits the whole excavation surface uniformly. Moreover, when the excavator 1 rotates, the crushed bedrock and earth and sand (slime) generated during excavation are smoothly sent to the ground surface.

  2, the driving means such as the piston 61 for operating the respective bits 41,... Are accommodated in the piston case main bodies 220a, 220b, and further covered by a cylindrical piston case casing 232, Furthermore, it is accommodated in a cylindrical main body 231 filled with sand 230 which is a vibration-proof material and / or a sound-proof material. As a result, it is possible to prevent sound and vibration generated during driving of the driving means from leaking or being transmitted to the outside, and to reduce noise and vibration.

  In this embodiment, since the rotary drive device 5 includes the outrigger 52, the outrigger 52 not only improves the stability during excavation work, but also places the rotary drive device body 50 directly on the ground surface for excavation. Compared with the case where the rotation is performed, the vibration transmitted from the rotary drive device body 50 to the ground plane is reduced. Thereby, low vibration and low noise can be achieved more effectively.

  Furthermore, as described above, conventionally, it has been necessary to drive a hammer bit having the same large diameter as the hole to be drilled, and therefore, the amount of air consumption necessary to move the hammer bit up and down is inevitably large. A big air compressor was needed.

  On the other hand, in this embodiment, it is only necessary to drive the small-diameter bits 41,... With respect to the hole to be excavated, so that the amount of air consumed to move one bit up and down is small. As a result, the air compressor to be used can be reduced in size. Therefore, the installation area of the air compressor is small, and it is suitable for construction in a limited space such as a densely populated house or an urban office district. In addition, the miniaturization of the air compressor enables the prime mover that drives the air compressor to be miniaturized, so that the vibration and noise generated from the prime mover can be kept low.

  In this embodiment, the excavation bit member 2 provided with six bits 41,... In total is used, but the number is not particularly limited. In this embodiment, the diameter of the excavation bit member 2 is, for example, 450 to 700 mm.

  Unlike the present embodiment, for example, when the drill bit member 2 is configured by providing five bits (one location in the axial center and four locations around it), the diameter of the drill bit member 2 is, for example, 450 mm or less. It can be. Furthermore, for example, when the excavation bit member 2 is configured by providing six to seven bits (one at the axial center and five or six around the bit), the diameter of the excavation bit member 2 is, for example, 700 mm or more. be able to.

  Further, FIG. 8 shows various variations of the excavator manufactured by changing the number and position of the bits, and schematically shows a state where the excavator is viewed from the tip of the bit. In FIG. 8, each bit 47 is indicated by a small circle, and the excavation bit member 2 is indicated by a large circle.

  The number and positions of the bits 47 as a whole are not particularly limited to those of the first embodiment, and various variations of the excavators 1b to 1j as shown in FIG. 8 are conceivable. That is, as shown in FIG. 8, for example, four to ten places can be provided, or three places or eleven places or more can be provided. The central bit 47 may be omitted, and one, two, or three or more may be provided in the center.

  A screw shaft having an air supply pipe can be used instead of the kelly rod 7. If a screw shaft is used, the crushed bedrock and earth and sand (slime) which generate | occur | produce at the time of excavation can be sent out to the ground surface more smoothly (soil is discharged). Further, a spiral blade for earth removal can be provided on the peripheral surface portion of the air tank member 3.

  Moreover, although the present Example demonstrated the case where excavation work was performed using the rotational drive apparatus 5 provided with the rotary table, the means to give rotational motion to the excavator 1 is not specifically limited to a rotary table, A three-point type Known rotation driving means such as a pile driver or a leader can be employed.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a second embodiment of the excavation apparatus for underground excavation according to the present invention, and shows an enlarged portion including the air hose so that the thickness of the air hose can be clearly understood. It is a partial expanded sectional explanatory view.
In addition, the description is abbreviate | omitted about the same thing among the effects shown in Example 1. FIG. Moreover, about the location demonstrated in Example 1, description is abbreviate | omitted and difference is mainly demonstrated.

  In Example 1 (see FIG. 2), the lengths of the piston case bodies 220a, 220b in the piston case members 22a, 22b and the sizes of the pistons 61a,. The bits 41,... Are driven at the same time but not at the same time.

  On the other hand, in the excavator 1a (see FIG. 9) according to the present embodiment, the other conditions including the length of each piston case main body 220a, 220b and the size of the accommodated piston are the same, The piston case members 22a and 22b are the same except for the difference between having the central bit 41 and the peripheral bit 42a.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the air hoses 351, 352a, 352b, connected to the piston case members 22a, 22b are arranged so that the bits 41,... The diameters of 352c ... are changed. Thereby, the arrival time of the air introduced from the air reservoir 30 to each piston case member 22a, 22b is shifted, and the timing at which each bit 41,...

In addition, not only the diameter of each air hose 351, 352a, 352b, 352c... But also the length of the air hoses 351, 352a, 352b,. May be.
Other operations and effects are the same as or substantially the same as those of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

  Note that the terms and expressions used in this specification are merely explanatory and are not restrictive, and do not exclude terms and expressions equivalent to the above terms and expressions. The present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the technical idea.

  Further, in the claims, the reference numerals used in the drawings are described in parentheses in order to facilitate understanding of the contents of the claims, but the claims are not limited to those described in the drawings. Absent.

The perspective explanatory view which looked at the excavation apparatus which concerns on Example 1 from the front end side. Explanatory drawing of the longitudinal cross-section of the excavator shown in FIG. Exploded perspective view of the excavator shown in FIG. Side view explanatory drawing which represented one piston case member accommodated in the excavation bit member longitudinally, and represented the internal structure. FIG. 5A is an explanatory view of the same longitudinal section shown in FIG. 4A, and FIG. 5B is an explanatory view of a longitudinal section of another piston case member housed in the excavation bit member. FIG. 3 is a perspective explanatory view showing a fluid guide member disposed in an air tank member of the excavator shown in FIG. 2. Side view explanatory drawing which shows the rotary excavator mainly comprised by an excavation apparatus and a rotation drive device. Schematic explanatory drawing which shows the various variations of the excavator manufactured by changing the number and position of bits. The partial expanded sectional explanatory view for demonstrating the 2nd Example of the excavation apparatus for underground excavation which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,1a Drilling device 2 Drilling bit member 3 Air tank member 3a, 3d, 3f Partition hole 5 Rotation drive device 6 Rotary excavator 7 Kelly rod 8 Air guide member 21 Connection body 22a, 22b Piston case member 23 Piston case attachment body 24 Drive chuck 25 Chuck guide 26 Flat bar 30 Air storage part 31 Bolt 32 Nut 33 Connection body 34 Connection joint 36 Small diameter part 41-42e, 47 Bit 50 Rotation drive body 51 Drive bush 52 Outrigger 61, 61b Piston 62 Cylinder 63 Check Valve 64 Air distribution beater 65 Valve spring 66 Foot valve 71 Support shaft 72 Supply pipe 73 Wire 81 Receiving portion 82 Support body 211 Hole 220a, 220b Piston case main body 222 Insertion portion 23 Sand 231 Tubular body 232 Piston case casing 233 Front cover body 234 Base cover bodies 235 and 236 Insertion hole 241 Hole 242 Anti-rotation part 251 Bolt 252 Nut 253 Recess 254 Recess 255 Mounting hole 256 Recess 300 Partition body 304 Inner wall surface 331 Connection Hole 340 Blowout hole 351, 352a, 352b, 352c Air hose 361 Flat bar 411, 421 Head part 412 Button tip 421 Head part 600 Temporary scaffolding 821 Intake hole 823 Base end part

Claims (6)

A plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) having an outer diameter smaller than the drilling device main body (2) and moving forward and backward to the excavation side;
A plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) are accommodated in the excavator body (2) corresponding to the number of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) A piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) containing a piston (61) that gives impact force to
A fluid reservoir (30) for storing the working fluid sent to each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b);
A plurality of piston case members (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) are provided corresponding to the number of the piston case members (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) from the fluid reservoir (30). , 22b) through which the working fluid passes (351, 352, 352, 352, 352, 352), and
Have
Each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) is a bit (41, 42a, 42b, 42c) respectively provided on the piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b). , 42d, 42e) travel distance of the piston (61) that reciprocates to give a striking force to the bit (41, 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) so that the striking drive is performed while shifting the time with respect to each other. At least one selected from the group consisting of the size of the piston (61) and the weight of the piston (61) is set to be different for each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b). ing,
Drilling equipment for underground excavation. A plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) having an outer diameter smaller than the drilling device main body (2) and moving forward and backward to the excavation side;
A plurality of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) are accommodated in the excavator body (2) corresponding to the number of bits (42a, 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) A piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) containing a piston (61) that gives impact force to
A fluid reservoir (30) for storing the working fluid sent to each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b);
A plurality of piston case members (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) are provided corresponding to the number of the piston case members (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) from the fluid reservoir (30). , 22b) through which the working fluid passes (351, 352, 352, 352, 352, 352), and
Have
The inner diameter through which the working fluid of each working fluid path (351, 352a, 352b, 352c ...) passes is a bit (41, 42a) provided in each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b). , 42b, 42c, 42d, 42e) is set to be different for each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b) so as to drive the hammer while shifting the time with respect to each other.
Drilling equipment for underground excavation. The fluid reservoir (30) is provided with a working fluid guide member (8) that receives the working fluid supplied to the fluid reservoir (30) and guides it to the flow ports (3a, 3b, 3c, 3d, 3e). is there,
The excavation apparatus for underground excavation according to claim 1 or 2. The excavator body (2) is provided with a vibration-proof material and / or a sound-proof material (230) so as to surround each piston case member (22a, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b, 22b). To
The excavation apparatus for underground excavation in any one of Claim 1 thru | or 3. A drilling device (1) (1a) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and a rotary drive device (5) capable of giving rotational motion to the drilling device (1) (1a).
Rotary excavator. An underground excavation method using the excavator (1) (1a) according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The excavator (1) (1a) is characterized by performing underground excavation while giving rotational motion,
Underground excavation method.

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