JP2021025381A - Excavator and excavation method used with the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To use a down-the-hole hammer because it has a driving rod capable of rotating an excavating means clockwise and pushing it downward in that state, and an excavator capable of coping with a repulsive force when using the down-the-hole hammer. And an excavation method using the same. A drive device (4) that moves up and down along a leader mast, a drive rod (7) having a clutch groove (18) that engages with a clutch plate (5) of the drive device (4), and an excavation rod (8) that connects to the drive rod (7). In an excavator provided with a bucket, a spiral head, a down-the-hole hammer, etc. at the tip, the drive device 4 is composed of a hydraulic motor and a rotary cylinder that is rotationally driven by the hydraulic motor, and surrounds a clutch plate 5 that is a vertically long protrusion inside the rotary cylinder. A plurality of clutch grooves 18 are provided side by side in the direction, and the drive rod 7 is continuously provided with clutch grooves 18 with which the clutch plate 5 is engaged in the vertical direction, and the clutch grooves 18 are provided with an enlarged key groove step portion at intervals. Multiple stages were formed. [Selection diagram] Fig. 2

Description

The present invention relates to an excavator used for an earth drill method, an all-casing method, or the like, and an excavation method using the excavator.

As shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, the excavators of the conventional earth drill method and the all-casing method have a configuration without a swivel device and use a driving rod to crush the crushing bucket 9, the soil removal bucket 11, and the spiral head 10. Etc. are used according to the geology and excavated.

A leader mast 2 is erected on a heavy machine 1 such as a crawler so as to be undulating, and a drive device 4 is vertically installed on a leader 3 of the leader mast 2 by an elevating cylinder 13.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the drive device 4 includes a hydraulic motor 4a and a rotary cylinder 4b that is rotationally driven by the hydraulic motor 4a, and the drive device 4 is provided with a plurality of clutch plates 5 in the vertical direction in the rotary cylinder 4b. ing.

In the figure, 7 is a drive rod having a clutch that engages with the clutch plate 5 of the drive device 4, 8 is an excavation rod connected to the lower end of the drive rod 7, and the upper end of the drive rod 7 is the top sheave of the leader mast 2. It is hung from No. 6 by a wire so that it can be raised and lowered, and it is raised and lowered by winding and feeding the winch of the heavy machine 1.

Further, the crushing bucket 9, the soil discharging bucket 11, and the spiral head 10 are replaceably provided at the tip of the excavation rod 8.

The crushing bucket 9 is a bucket provided with a large bit for crushing, the soil discharging bucket 11 is a so-called drilling bucket, and the spiral head 10 is a screw head.

In the figure, 12 is a casing made of steel pipes, and the excavation method is to apply the clutch plate 5 of the drive device 4 to the clutch groove of the drive rod 7 and rotate it with the drive device 4, and press-fit it with the elevating cylinder 13 connected to the drive device. While excavating with each bucket and spiral head.

These excavators are common and there is no prior art document in particular.

In this way, the excavator used in the conventional earth drill method and all-casing method does not have a swivel device, uses a driving rod, and uses a crushing bucket, a soil removal bucket, a spiral head, etc. according to the geology. , Excavating
With either method, excavation of hard ground made of rock or reinforced concrete is difficult.

Therefore, it is desirable to use a down-the-hole hammer instead of a bucket or a spiral head as an excavation means so that excavation can be performed even on hard ground, but the down-the-hole hammer cannot be used in the above-mentioned conventional excavator.

The drive rod 7 of the conventional excavator is a locking kelly bar, and as shown in FIG. 10, the drive rod 7 includes a clutch groove 18 with which the latch plate 5 is engaged, but the drive rod 7 is below the clutch groove 18 in the middle of the clutch groove 18. A plurality of expanded keyway stepped portions 29 having right-angled side corners were formed at intervals.

The diameter-expanding keyway step portion 29 expands the diameter of the clutch groove 18, and is formed so as to project in the circumferential direction when the drive rod 7 rotates to the right, and secures a rectangle into which the clutch plate 5 fits. Above that, there is an L-shaped clutch groove for the right-handed rotating part that has a taper that narrows for a while.

As described above, since the drive rod 7 is a multi-stage type, the repulsive force is large when the down-the-hole hammer is used on hard ground such as rock, and a large impact may be applied to the device to cause trouble.

In addition, because of the multi-stage type, it was not possible to attach a swivel pipe that sends air and the like.

An object of the present invention is to provide an excavator capable of solving the inconvenience of the conventional example, enabling the use of a down-the-hole hammer, and coping with a repulsive force when using the down-the-hole hammer, and an excavation method using the same.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention according to claim 1 has a drive device that moves up and down along a leader mast provided in a heavy machine, a drive rod having a clutch that engages with a clutch plate of the drive device, and a drive rod. In an excavator provided with a bucket, a spiral head, or a down-the-hole hammer or other excavation means at the tip of an excavation rod connected to, the drive unit consists of a hydraulic motor and a rotary cylinder that is rotationally driven by the hydraulic motor, and is vertically long inside the rotary cylinder. The gist is that a plurality of clutch plates, which are protrusions of the above, are provided side by side in the circumferential direction, and the drive rod is provided with a clutch groove in which the clutch plate engages as a straight clutch continuously in the vertical direction with the same width and in a straight shape. Is to be.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, since the down-the-hole hammer can be used as an excavation means instead of a bucket or a spiral head, excavation by impact crushing can be added to hard ground or rock that cannot be excavated by an earth auger. it can.

When using a down-the-hole hammer, a repulsive force is generated when hitting, so a configuration that does not affect the drive device is required, but the drive rod engages with the clutch plate of the drive device in the clutch groove, which is a straight clutch. Therefore, this repulsive force can be released.

Furthermore, not only right rotation but also left rotation is possible.

The gist of the present invention according to claim 2 is that the drive rod is provided with a swivel device, and the air sent from the compressor is sent to the down-the-hole hammer through a hose, a swivel device, a drive rod, and an excavation rod. is there.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the down-the-hole hammer is rotated and pushed by a driving device, but even if a swivel device is provided and rotated, there is no problem in sending air from the compressor.

The gist of the present invention according to claim 3 is that the upper and lower top subs and drive subs of the hammer case are coupled to the hammer case body by fitting a hexagonal surface or an octagonal surface and bar-joining with a pin. It is a thing.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, in the down-the-hole hammer, the upper and lower top subs and drive subs of the hammer case are connected to the hammer case body instead of the screw structure, so that the screws do not loosen and are right and left. Rotating excavation is possible.

The gist of the present invention according to claim 4 is that the upper and lower top subs and drive subs of the hammer case are connected to the hammer case body in a right-handed screw structure in the down-the-hole hammer.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the down-the-hole hammer can be used because the upper and lower top subs and drive subs of the hammer case are connected to the hammer case body in a right-handed screw structure, so that the screws do not loosen in clockwise rotation. Is.

The present invention according to claim 5 comprises a drive device comprising a hydraulic motor and a rotary cylinder rotationally driven by the hydraulic motor, and a plurality of vertical latch plates arranged side by side in the circumferential direction inside the rotary cylinder, and a clutch plate of the drive device. An excavator that has a drive rod with clutch grooves that engage with the drive rod continuously in the vertical direction, the clutch groove of the drive rod is straight, and a down-the-hole hammer is provided at the tip of the excavation rod that connects to the drive rod. The gist is that the clutch plate is placed in the clutch groove to release the repulsive force generated when the down-the-hole hammer hits.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the repulsive force generated when the down-the-hole hammer is hit can be released by placing the clutch plate in the clutch groove.

As described above, the excavator and the excavation method of the present invention can also use a down-the-hole hammer and can cope with a repulsive force when using the down-the-hole hammer.

It is a side view which shows 1st Embodiment of the excavator of this invention. It is a longitudinal side view of the main part which shows the 1st Embodiment of the excavator of this invention. It is a vertical sectional side view which shows an example of the down-the-hole hammer. It is a vertical sectional side view which shows another example of a down-the-hole hammer. It is a side view of using an auger screw. It is a side view of using a crushing bucket. It is a side view of the use of a spiral head. It is a side view of using a soil removal bucket. It is a top view of the drive device. It is the side view which cutout part of the drive device. It is explanatory drawing of the conventional driving rod.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side view showing a first embodiment of the excavator of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional side view of the main part of the same, and a leader mast 2 is erected on a heavy machine 1 such as a crawler so as to be undulating. The drive device 4 is vertically installed on the leader 3 of 2.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the drive device 4 includes a hydraulic motor 4a and a rotary cylinder 4b that is rotationally driven by the hydraulic motor 4a, and one end of the drive device 4 is fixed to a leader mast 2. The cylinder 13 was coupled.

It is hung from the top sheave 6 of the leader mast 2 by a wire so that it can be raised and lowered, and the winch of the heavy machine 1 is taken up and lowered.

The drive device 4 is provided with a plurality of clutch plates 5 which are vertically elongated protrusions in the rotary cylinder 4b at intervals in the circumferential direction.

A swivel device 17 and a drive rod 7 connected to the swivel device 17 and an excavation rod 8 connected to the drive rod 7 were hung from the top sheave 6 of the leader mast 2 with a wire, and a down-the-hole hammer 14 was provided at the tip of the excavation rod 8. ..

The drive rod 7 and the excavation rod 8 connected to the drive rod 7 are hung from the top sheave 6 of the leader mast 2, and the down-the-hole hammer 14 can be moved up and down by a wire from the top sheave 6 of the leader mast 2 at the tip of the excavation rod 8. It is suspended and moves up and down by winding and feeding the winch of heavy equipment 1.

Further, a swivel device 17 was attached to the upper end of the drive rod 7, and the air sent from the compressor 15 was sent to the down-the-hole hammer 14 through the hose 16 → the swivel device 17 → the drive rod 7 → the excavation rod 8.

The swivel device 17 is a device that sends air from the compressor 15 to the down-the-hole hammer 14 through each of the rotating rods (driving rod 7 and excavation rod 8).

Instead of the down-the-hole hammer 14, other excavating means such as a spill head 10, a crushing bucket 9, and a soil discharging bucket 11 can be attached to the driving rod 7 as a replacement attachment.

The upper end of the drive rod 7 has a hexagonal or octagonal mating shaft 31, and the lower end of the swivel device 17 is also a hexagonal or octagonal cylinder, which are mated to each other and then joined by bartacking with a pin. To do.

Similarly, in the connection between the drive rod 7 and the excavation rod 8, the upper end of the excavation rod 8 has a hexagonal surface or octagonal surface connection axis, and the lower end of the drive rod 7 is also a hexagonal surface or octagonal surface cylinder. After mating with each other, they are connected by a bar joint with a pin.

The required number of drive rods 7 can be added according to the excavation length.

The drive rod 7 has a weight required for hitting a hammer and penetrates the rotary cylinder 4b of the drive device 4, and includes a clutch groove 18 with which a clutch plate 5 provided in the rotary cylinder 4b is engaged. The clutch groove 18 is a straight groove continuous in the vertical direction, and is provided continuously in the vertical direction with the same width and in a straight shape.

The excavation rod 8 is a rod having an outer diameter capable of generating a wind speed for blowing up crushed powdery rock with a weight required for hitting a hammer.

As shown in FIG. 3, the down-the-hole hammer 14 is a well-known excavation tool for excavating ground and earth and sand, and a bit 20 having a plurality of button-shaped cemented carbide chips 19 made of a hard material such as cemented carbide fixed to the tip surface. The piston (ram) 21 which is an air hammer that hits the bit 20 is housed in the case body 23.

In the down-the-hole hammer 14, the upper and lower top subs 22 and drive subs 25 of the hammer case are formed as hexagonal or octagonal bodies, and the hammer case body 23 is also a hexagonal or octagonal cylinder, and the hammer case body 23 The top sub 22 and the drive sub 25 to be fitted to the above are coupled to each other by a hammer coupling by a pin 30.

The bar coupling by the pin 30 adopts the same structure as a pin is inserted into the mating of the fitting shaft 26 at the upper end of the down-the-hole hammer 14 and the excavation rod 8 to form a bar.

As a result, the top sub 22 and the drive sub 25 fitted to the hammer case main body 23 do not loosen in either the clockwise rotation or the counterclockwise rotation.

As another embodiment, in the down-the-hole hammer 14, as shown in FIG. 4, the upper and lower top subs 22 and the drive sub 25 of the hammer case are connected to the hammer case main body 23 by a right-handed screw structure 24.

As a result, even if the down-the-hole hammer 14 rotates clockwise, the top sub 22 and the drive sub 25 do not loosen in the right-hand thread structure 24.

Next, the usage will be described. The sent air rapidly moves the piston (ram) 21 in the hammer case body 23 of the down-the-hole hammer 14 up and down, and repeatedly hits the head of the bit 20.

A cemented carbide tip 19 is embedded in the tip of the hit bit 20, and the cemented carbide tip 19 hits and crushes the bedrock, and the excavation scrap rises along the excavation rod 8.

Since the down-the-hole hammer 14 is connected to the hammer case body instead of the screw structure, the screw does not loosen and excavation can be performed clockwise and counterclockwise.

The downward press-fitting of the down-the-hole hammer 14 is performed by pushing down the drive device 4, and it is also possible by the weight of the drive device 4, but if it is performed by extending the elevating cylinder 13 that fixes one end to the leader mast 2, it is more effective. It is effective.

Since a repulsive force is generated when hitting, a configuration that does not affect the drive device is required. However, since the drive rod 7 engages with the clutch plate 5 of the drive device 4 in the straight clutch groove 18. This repulsive force can be released.

As described above, the present invention comprises a hydraulic motor and a rotary cylinder driven to rotate by the hydraulic motor, and is related to a drive device in which a plurality of vertical latch plates are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction inside the rotary cylinder and a clutch plate of the drive device. An excavator is used that has a drive rod as a straight clutch in which matching clutch grooves are continuously provided in the vertical direction with the same width and in a straight shape, and a down-the-hole hammer is provided at the tip of the excavation rod connected to the drive rod. When rotating, the clutch plate is engaged so that it can be pushed down, and when rotating counterclockwise, a clutch groove is placed between the enlarged keyway steps, which is a straight clutch, so that the repulsive force generated when hitting is released. did.

Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the spiral head 10 can be used instead of the down-the-hole hammer 14. In this case, the excavation rod 8 or less can be removed and rearranged, and the spiral rod 8'is used instead of the excavation rod 8.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 8, it is also possible to use the spiral head 10, the crushing bucket 9, and the soil discharging bucket 11 in which the spiral rod 8'is omitted.

When hard ground such as rock is generated on the way, the driving rod 7 can be changed from the one shown in FIG. 11 to the one of the present invention and excavated by switching to the use of the down-the-hole hammer 14.

1 ... Heavy equipment 2 ... Leader mast 3 ... Leader 4 ... Drive device 4a ... Hydraulic motor 4b ... Rotating cylinder 5 ... Clutch plate 6 ... Top sheave 7 ... Drive rod 8 ... Drilling rod 8'... Spiral rod 9 ... Crushing bucket 10 ... Spiral head 11 ... Soil removal bucket 12 ... Casing 13 ... Elevating cylinder 14 ... Down the hole hammer 15 ... Compressor 16 ... Hose 17 ... Swivel device 18 ... Clutch groove 19 ... Carbide tip 20 ... Bit 21 ... Piston (ram)
22 ... Top sub 23 ... Case body 24 ... Right-hand thread structure 25 ... Drive sub 26 ... Fitting shaft 27 ... Right-hand rotation part L-shaped clutch groove 30 ... Pin 29 ... Diameter-expanding key groove step portion 31 ... Fitting shaft

Claims (5)

A drive device that moves up and down along a leader mast provided in a heavy machine, a drive rod that has a clutch that engages with the clutch plate of this drive device, and a bucket or spiral head at the tip of the excavation rod that connects to the drive rod, or In an excavator provided with a down-the-hole hammer or other excavating means, the driving device consists of a hydraulic motor and a rotating cylinder driven by the hydraulic motor, and a plurality of clutch plates, which are vertically long protrusions, are provided side by side in the circumferential direction inside the rotating cylinder. An excavator characterized in that a clutch groove with which the clutch plate is engaged is provided as a straight clutch continuously in the vertical direction with the same width and in a straight shape on the drive rod. The excavator according to claim 1, wherein a swivel device is provided on the drive rod, and air sent from a compressor is sent to a down-the-hole hammer through a hose, a swivel device, a drive rod, and an excavation rod. The excavator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the down-the-hole hammer is the excavator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the upper and lower top subs and drive subs of the hammer case are joined to the hammer case main body by fitting a hexagonal surface or an octagonal surface and bar-joining with a pin. The excavator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the down-the-hole hammer is a hammer case main body in which the upper and lower top subs and drive subs of the hammer case are connected to the hammer case body in a right-handed screw structure. It consists of a hydraulic motor and a rotary cylinder that is rotationally driven by the hydraulic motor, and has a drive device in which a plurality of vertical latch plates are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction inside the rotary cylinder, and a clutch groove that engages with the clutch plate of this drive device in the vertical direction. The clutch groove of the drive rod is straight, and an excavator that provides a down-the-hole hammer at the tip of the excavation rod connected to the drive rod is used. An excavation method characterized in that the generated repulsive force is released by placing a clutch plate in a clutch groove.

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