JP2008127272A - Method of yo-hen of clay tile or tile - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an industrially optimum method of yo-hen (deform of ceramic ware) of a clay tile or a tile by which the clay tiles or tiles are efficiently subjected to yo-hen. <P>SOLUTION: The clay tiles or the tiles are subjected to yo-hen by firing the clay tiles or the tiles in a kiln A by a firing burner 5 and after that, projecting oil O from a nozzle of an oil projector 6 provided with an oil cooling means onto a heated hearth O while cooling the oil O by the oil projector 6 and thereby burning the oil O on the hearth 2b to form flame 17 with which the clay tiles or the tiles are subjected to the yo-hen. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  In the present invention, during the production of tiles or tiles, the iron content in the tiles or tile components is changed by a flame so that each tile or tile is not entirely the same color, but the color of each tile or tile is partially The present invention relates to a kiln changing method for changing the color of each tile or tile so that the tile or tile has a unique appearance.

  As a conventional kiln changing method, specific publicly known documents such as patent gazettes cannot be cited, but in the past, when a tile or tile was changed to a kiln using a burning burner, the burner Since the flame was generated from the nozzle tip of each of the nozzles, the flame did not directly touch each of the many tiles or tiles in the kiln, and the colors of all the tiles or tiles could not be uniformed and changed. In addition, the method of changing kilns to teacups and bottles, which has been known since ancient times, is still continuing, but this is a technique that uses firewood as fuel and directly flames teacups and bottles. When tiles or tiles were manufactured in this way, dimensional errors and twisting occurred, and they were not suitable for mass production, which was inappropriate industrially.

  In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an industrially suitable roof tile or tile kiln changing method that can efficiently change each roof tile or tile.

  Means for solving the above problems will be described with reference numerals of the embodiments described later. The invention according to claim 1 is the roof tile K as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, 7 and 8. Or, after the tile is fired by the firing burner 5 in the kilns A and B, the furnace is heated from the nozzle 8 of the projector 6 while cooling the oil O by the oil projector 6 provided with oil cooling means. The oil O is burned by projecting the oil O onto the floor 2b, and the tile K or the tile is changed into a kiln by the flame 17 of the oil O burned on the hearth 2b.

  In the invention according to claim 2, as shown in FIG. 6, after the tile K or the tile is fired by the firing burner 5 in the kiln D, the oil O is cooled by the oil projector 6 provided with the oil cooling means. While the oil O is projected from the nozzle 8 of the projector 6 onto the heated furnace wall surface 36a, the oil O is burned, and the tile K or the tile is kilned by the flame 17 of the oil O burned on the furnace wall surface 36a. It is characterized by changing.

  A third aspect of the present invention is the tile or tile kiln changing method according to the first or second aspect, wherein the oil projector 6 has an oil supply port 7 at the base end and a projection tube body 9 having a nozzle 8 at the front end. The water cooling jacket 10 is an oil cooling means provided so as to cover the projection tube main body 9, and a water supply port 11 and a drain port 12 are provided on the base end side of the water cooling jacket 10. .

  The effect of the invention by the above solution will be described with reference numerals in the embodiments described later. According to the kiln modification method of the invention according to claim 1, oil O is baked from the nozzle 8 of the oil projector 6. By projecting onto the hearth 2b heated by the treatment, the reducing flame 17 which is the flame of the oil O burned on the hearth 2b moves upward along the tile K or tile on the hearth 2b while shaking. Since the kiln changes with respect to the tile K in the process of going up, the tile K or the tile can be efficiently changed into the kiln, and the productivity is good, which is industrially suitable. In particular, when the tunnel kiln A is used, the kiln transformation tile Ko can be mass-produced, which is extremely effective industrially.

  In this kiln changing process, the oil O is always cooled by the oil cooling means, and the tip of the oil projector 6 entering the kilns A and B is also constantly cooled. It does not burn until it is discharged from the nozzle 8 and projected onto the hearth 2b. Therefore, a reducing flame can be generated reliably by the combustion on the hearth 2b.

  According to the invention which concerns on Claim 2, by projecting the oil O from the nozzle 8 of the oil projector 6 to the furnace wall surface 36a in the state heated by the baking process, the oil O burned in this furnace wall surface 36a The reducing flame 17 that is a flame is subjected to a kiln modification process on the tile K or tile by the flame 17 that flows along the tile K or tile in the kiln D while being shaken. It is possible to change the kiln well, has good productivity, and is industrially suitable. The method of the present invention is effective for a single kiln.

  In this kiln changing process, the oil O is always cooled by the oil cooling means, and the tip side of the oil projector 6 entering the kiln D is also constantly cooled. It is not burned until it is discharged from the furnace and projected onto the furnace wall surface 36a. Therefore, a reducing flame can be reliably generated by the combustion on the furnace wall surface 36a.

  According to the invention of claim 3, the oil projector 6 is provided so as to cover the projection tube main body 9 having the oil supply port 7 at the proximal end and the nozzle 8 at the distal end, and the projection tube main body 9. The water cooling jacket 10 is provided with a water supply port 11 and a drain port 12 on the base end side of the water cooling jacket 10, so that the oil O is applied to the hearth 2b or the furnace wall surface 36a while having a compact structure. The oil O can be effectively projected and the oil O can be effectively cooled.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a tunnel kiln A used for carrying out a kiln modification method according to the present invention. ) Is an enlarged sectional view taken along line XX in FIG. 1, (b) is an enlarged sectional view taken along line YY in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. 2 (b). A method of manufacturing the roof tile K by the tunnel kiln A shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 will be described below together with a method of changing the roof tile K.

  The tunnel kiln A is composed of left and right side walls 3, 3 erected on the floor F of the factory and a ceiling wall 4 connecting the upper ends of both side walls 3, 3. ... Enters the upper side of the rail 1 from the entrance (not shown) of the kiln A at a slow speed in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 1, and the carriage 2 takes about 50 to 60 minutes. Until the exit E is exited, the tile K mounted on the carriage 2 is subjected to a firing process and a subsequent kiln change process. Although the side wall 3 and the ceiling wall 4 of this tunnel kiln A are formed with a refractory brick, it may be formed with what arranged the heat-resistant wool inside the iron plate other than a refractory brick.

  A burner 5 for firing is installed at a required position in the middle of the longitudinal direction of the tunnel kiln A, as shown in FIG. In addition, an oil projector 6 for changing the kiln is disposed on the left and right sides of the kiln A as shown in FIG. A pair of both sides are installed in a state of penetrating the side walls 3 and 3 in the lateral direction. In addition, the side wall 3 of the kiln A is formed in thickness at the installation location of the burning burner 5 and the installation location of the oil projector 6, and the thickness portions are indicated by 3a and 3b. Moreover, as the burning burner 5, an oil burner or a gas burner is used.

  Each carriage 2 includes a base plate 2a made of an iron plate, a hearth 2b formed of refractory bricks on the base plate 2a, front and rear wheels 2c that are pivotally attached to the lower portion of the base plate 2a and roll on the rail 1. Consists of The left and right end portions 2o of each carriage 2 enter a recess 3o that is recessed on the inner surface side of the side wall 3 of the tunnel kiln A, and the steel plate sealing plate 21 suspended from the outer end surface of each end portion 2o 3, the seal between the hearth 2 b of each carriage 2 and the side wall 3 of the kiln A is ensured by entering the sand 24 in the sand reservoir 23 formed by the recess 3 o 3 and the iron plate 22.

  On the hearth 2b of the carriage 2, before entering the tunnel kiln A, a large number of tiles K dried in the previous process are stacked in one to several stages. Stacked. That is, as illustrated in FIG. 2, first, fire-resistant brick getters 25 are arranged on the hearth 2 b at a required interval, and horizontal rails 26 are spanned on the getters 25 at a required interval. The first-stage roof tiles K are arranged on the horizontal rails 26 at the required intervals, the horizontal rails 26 are spanned on the roof tiles K at the required intervals, and the second-stage roof tiles K are arranged on the horizontal rails 26 at the required intervals. The tiles K are stacked in two layers, and the two-layer structure of the tiles K is indicated by R. In addition, you may bridge the crosspiece 26 on the tile K of the 2nd step.

  The oil projector 6 will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, the oil projector 6 includes a stainless steel projection tube main body 9 having an oil supply port 7 at the proximal end and a nozzle 8 at the distal end, and the projection. A water-cooling jacket 10 made of stainless steel as oil cooling means provided so as to cover the outer peripheral surface of the pipe body 9, and a water supply port 11 and a drain port 12 are provided on the base end side of the water-cooling jacket 10. It has been.

  The oil supply port 7 of the projection tube main body 9 is connected to an oil tank (not shown) via a flexible oil supply tube 13 and a pump (not shown), and an opening / closing cock, A pressure gauge, a pressure control valve, etc. are interposed. The water supply port 11 of the water cooling jacket 10 is connected to a water tank (not shown) via a flexible water supply pipe 14 and a pump (not shown), and the drainage port 12 is a flexible drainage pipe 15. The water tank is connected via an open / close cock, a filter, a pump (not shown), and the like. Oil or heavy oil is used as the oil supplied to the projection tube main body 9. In the case of heavy oil, A heavy oil is preferred.

  When the oil projector 6 is used, the oil projector 6 is inserted into a predetermined hole of the tunnel kiln A through the side wall 3 and its thick part 3a, and the tip of the oil projector 6 is inserted into the kiln. In this state, oil of a predetermined pressure is supplied to the projection tube body 9 so that the oil O forms an arc shape as shown in FIG. Then, it is projected onto the hearth 2b of the carriage 2, and during this projection, the room temperature water W is circulated and supplied into the water cooling jacket 10, and the oil O supplied to the projection tube main body 9 is cooled. ing.

  When manufacturing the kiln roof tile K using the tunnel kiln A equipped with the firing burner 5 and the kiln changing oil projector 6 as described above, the required number of tiles K are mounted. While pushing the last part of the two rows of trolleys with a pusher or the like, the rail 1 is entered from the entrance of the kiln A onto the rail 1 at a slow speed in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2A, the tile K on each carriage 2 is fired by a certain burner 5 for firing. In this firing treatment, a mist-like oil mixed with a sufficient amount of air is jetted from the tip of the firing burner 5, and this mist-like oil burns. Reference numeral 27 denotes an oxidation flame, and the temperature of the roof tile K fired by this oxidation flame is, for example, about 1200 ° C.

  When the first carriage 2 that moves slowly into the tunnel kiln A passes a predetermined time for firing, the firing process of the roof tiles K of the carriage 2 is finished. The firing burner 5 continues firing the tile K on the subsequent carriage 2 as it is. Thereafter, when the top carriage 2 enters the position where the oil projector 6 is installed, the kiln change processing by the oil projector 6 is performed on the tile K mounted on the top carriage 2. To start.

  In this kiln change processing, oil of a predetermined pressure is supplied to the projection tube body 9 of the oil projector 6 so that the oil O forms an arc shape as shown in FIG. Then, the flame 17 of the oil O projected onto the hearth 2b of the cart 2 heated by the firing process and burned, and combusted on the hearth 2b, is as shown in FIG. 2 (b). In addition, each of the flames 17 passing through the plurality of roof tiles K... Mounted on the carriage 2 in a multi-stage manner is moved upward, and thus passes through the plurality of roof tiles K. A kiln changing process is performed on the tile K. FIG. 9 shows a kiln roof tile Ko that has been subjected to kiln changing treatment.

  The flame 17 of oil O when it is projected and burned in an arc shape on the hearth 2b as described above is a reducing flame containing carbon monoxide or hydrogen and exhibiting reducing properties, and the temperature of the reducing flame 17 is calcined. Since the temperature of the flame 27 of the burner 5 is lower than the temperature of the flame 27, the tile K is transformed into a kiln by the reducing flame 17 without any dimensional error. The temperature of the roof tile K when the kiln is changed by the reducing flame 17 is, for example, about 1100 ° C., which is lower than the firing temperature (eg, 1200 ° C.). The kiln-changing tile Ko that is transformed into a kiln by the reducing flame 17 is formed by partial discoloration with a strong and weak reducing flame due to contact with the flame 17 in which the iron in the components of the tile K fluctuates. As in the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, a plurality of brown parts b slightly darker than the brown part a are formed in the light brown part a which is the background color of the entire roof tile, and slightly darker than the brown part b. A plurality of brown portions c are formed, and a plurality of brown portions d that are darker than the brown portions c are formed, so that the kiln deformed roof tile Ko having such a plurality of types of brown portions a to d, for example, showing a spotted pattern. It becomes.

  In the kiln changing process by the oil projector 6, the projection tube main body 9 is always water-cooled by a water cooling jacket 10 as an oil cooling means, and the tip end side of the projection tube main body 9 entering the tunnel kiln A is also always cooled. In this state, the oil O does not burn until it is discharged from the nozzle 8 and projected onto the hearth 2b. Therefore, combustion on the hearth 2b can surely generate the reducing flame 17. it can.

  FIG. 4 shows a capsule for performing a kiln changing process on a tunnel kiln B similar to the tunnel kiln A shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and a carriage 2 on which a tile K fired in the tunnel kiln B is mounted. C is shown, (a) is a plan view and (b) is a side view. The tunnel kiln B has the same structure as the tunnel kiln A shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 except that it is not equipped with an oil projector 6 for changing the kiln. The stacked structure R is also the same as that of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, and therefore the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the capsule C is placed on the carriage 2, and the front, rear, left and right side walls 28, 28, 29, 29, so as to completely cover the stacked structure R of the roof tile K mounted on the carriage 2. Thick wall portions 29a and 29a are formed at the lower ends of the left and right side wall portions 29 and 29, and the thick wall portions 29a are formed in the embodiment shown in FIGS. The same oil projector 6 as shown is installed in a state of penetrating the side wall portion 29 and the thick portion 29a in the lateral direction. The ceiling wall 30 is provided with exhaust ports 31 at a plurality of locations.

  Therefore, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, the tile K on each carriage 2 is subjected to a firing process by the firing burner 5 near the exit side of the tunnel kiln B, and the tile K is mounted after finishing this firing process. At a predetermined location where the trolley 2 exits the exit E of the tunnel kiln B, the capsule C descends from above the trolley 2 as shown in FIGS. Overlaid. If a protection room Q is provided between the exit E of the tunnel kiln B and the capsule lowering position to protect the roof tile K on the carriage 2 from the exit E of the tunnel kiln B from being suddenly cooled. Good.

  After the capsule C is put on the cart 2 that exits the tunnel kiln B as described above, the kiln changing process by the oil projector 6 installed in the capsule C is started on the roof tile K mounted on the cart 2. To do. As in the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2, the kiln changing process in this case also supplies oil of a predetermined pressure to the projection tube body 9 of the oil projector 6, thereby from the nozzle 8 at the tip of the projection tube body 9, The oil O forms an arc as shown in FIG. 3 and is projected and burned onto the hearth 2b of the cart 2 which is heated by the firing process, and the oil O burned on the hearth 2b is burned. As shown in FIG. 5, the flame 17 oscillates slowly and passes upward between a large number of tiles K... Mounted on the carriage 2 in a multistage manner. The kiln changing process is applied to each tile K by the flame 17 passing between them.

  FIG. 6 shows a single kiln D equipped with an oil projector 6. This single kiln D is composed of front and rear peripheral side walls 33 erected on the floor F, and a ceiling wall 34, and a required portion of the peripheral side wall 33 is provided with a doorway (not shown). A plurality of firing burners (not shown) are installed at the required height position of the peripheral side wall 33, and the same plurality as shown in the embodiment of FIGS. The oil projector 6 is installed penetrating the side wall 33 in the lateral direction. In addition, a porous or grid-like hearth 32 is formed at the center of the floor F inside the single kiln D, and a funnel-shaped exhaust port 35 is formed below the hearth 32. A suction fan (not shown) for exhaust is provided on the outlet side of the furnace, and a furnace wall 36 is provided around the hearth 32 at a required height. Further, a stacked structure R of tiles K is disposed on the hearth 32.

  In the manufacture of the roof tile K by such a single kiln D, although illustration is omitted, after finishing the firing treatment for the roof tile K of the stacked structure R by the firing burner, the case of the embodiment of FIGS. Similarly, the kiln change process by the oil projector 6 is performed. That is, by supplying oil of a predetermined pressure to the projection tube body 9 of the oil projector 6, the oil O forms an arc shape as shown in FIG. The flame 17 of oil O which is projected and burned on the outer surface 36a of the furnace wall 36 in a heated state by the furnace wall 36 is burned and fluctuated as shown in FIG. Passing through a large number of tiles K... While flowing so as to wrap up, and from the lower porous or lattice hearth 32 toward the exhaust port 35. In this way, each tile K can be subjected to kiln modification treatment by the flame 17 passing between the multiple tiles K of the stacked structure R.

  FIGS. 7 and 8 show a shuttle kiln S equipped with an oil projector 6. FIG. 7 (a) is a plan view, FIG. 7 (b) is a side view, and FIG. FIG. 9A is an enlarged sectional view taken along line MM in FIG. 7A, and FIG. 8B is an enlarged sectional view taken along line NN in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the shuttle kiln S includes left and right side walls 37, 37 erected on the floor F, a ceiling wall 38 connecting the upper ends of both side walls 37, 37, and a closed end on one end side. In a sealable kiln composed of a wall 39 and an opening / closing door 41 attached to the doorway 40 on the other end side, a rail 1 for running the carriage 2 is laid on the floor F in the kiln S. 1 is laid longer than the length of the shuttle kiln S from one end side of the kiln S through the entrance 40 on the other end side.

  In this shuttle kiln S, roof tiles K of stacked structures R are mounted, and a required number of carts 2 that run along the rails 1, for example, four carts 2 in this case, are inserted from the doorway 40, and the doors are opened and closed. In a state in which 41 is closed, the tile K mounted on the carriage 2 is subjected to a firing process and a subsequent kiln change process.

  On the left and right side walls 37, 37 of the shuttle kiln S, firing burners 5 for firing the roof tiles K of the stacked structure R on the carriage 2 contained therein are shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the side wall 37 on one side is installed at a high position, and the other side wall 37 is installed at a low position. The oil projector 6 (refer FIG. 3) for performing this is installed in the same height position as the burning burner 5 installed in the low position (refer FIG.8 (b)). Further, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, an exhaust duct 42 is provided on the closing wall 39 of the shuttle furnace S.

  The left and right side walls 37 of the shuttle kiln S are formed by a steel plate outer plate 37a and heat-resistant wool 37b disposed on the inner side of the outer plate 37a. It is formed by a plate 38a and a heat-resistant wool 37b arranged inside the outer plate 38a. Although detailed illustration is omitted, the open / close door 41 has the same structure as the side wall 37 and the ceiling wall 38. About the trolley | bogie 2 and the stacked structure R, it is the same structure as the tunnel kiln A shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2. Further, the steel plate sealing plate 43 suspended from the left and right outer end surfaces of each carriage 2 is made to enter the sand 45 in the sand reservoir 44 provided at the lower end of the inner side surface of the side wall 37 of the kiln S. A seal between the hearth 2b and the side wall 37 of the kiln S is secured.

  In the production of the tile K by using the shuttle kiln S configured as described above, for example, four carts 2 each equipped with a stacked structure R of the tiles K are placed in the kiln S as shown in FIG. Then, the door 41 is closed and the inside of the kiln S is sealed, and then the tile K on each carriage 2 is fired by the firing burners 5 installed on the left and right side walls 37, 37 of the kiln S. . In this firing process, as shown in FIG. 8A, convection is generated in the kiln S by the flame 27 radiated from the high burner 5 and the flame 27 radiated from the low burner 5. However, the tiles K on each carriage 2 are fired by the high heat of the flame (oxidation flame) 27. The temperature of the roof tile K fired by the oxidation flame 27 is about 1200 ° C., for example.

  In this way, after firing the roof K on each carriage 2 for a predetermined time by the firing burner 5, each burner 5 is stopped and the kiln changing process by the oil projector 6 is performed. That is, by supplying oil at a predetermined pressure to the projection tube body 9 of the oil projector 6, the oil O forms an arc shape as shown in FIG. 8 (b) from the nozzle 8 at the tip of the projection tube body 9. Then, the flame 17 of the oil O that is projected and burned on the hearth 2b of the cart 2 that is heated by the firing process and fluctuates on the hearth 2b is swaying and fluctuating in a multistage manner. Each tile K is subjected to a kiln modification process by the flame 17 passing between the large number of tiles K... .

  After finishing the kiln changing process by the oil projector 6, the door 41 of the kiln S is opened, and the inner cart 2 ... is pulled out from the kiln S as shown by phantom lines in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b). And move to a predetermined location.

  In the above embodiment, the kiln changing process for the tile K has been described. However, when the tile is changed to the kiln, it is exactly the same as the kiln changing process for the tile K according to the above-described embodiment.

It is a top view of the tunnel kiln used for implementation of the kiln change method concerning the present invention. (a) is the XX line expanded sectional view of FIG. 1, (b) is the YY line expanded sectional view of FIG. It is a partially expanded sectional view of (b) of FIG. The tunnel kiln and capsule used for implementation of the kiln change method concerning this invention are shown, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view. It is the ZZ line expanded sectional view of (a) of Drawing 4. It is an expanded sectional view of the single kiln used for implementation of the kiln change method concerning the present invention. The shuttle kiln used for implementation of the kiln modification method which concerns on this invention is shown, (a) is a top view, (b) is a side view. (a) is the MM line expanded sectional view of (a) of FIG. 7, (b) is the NN line expanded sectional view of (a) of FIG. It is an external appearance perspective view which shows an example of the roof tile changed.

Explanation of symbols

A Tunnel kiln B Tunnel kiln C Capsule D Single kiln S Shuttle kiln K Tile Ko Kiln roof tile O Oil W Water 1 Rail 2 Carriage 5 Burning burner 6 Oil changer 7 for kiln change Oil supply port 8 of the projection tube Tube nozzle 9 Projection tube body 10 Water cooling jacket (oil cooling means)
11 Water supply port 12 Drainage port 17 Flame

Claims (3)

  After firing tiles or tiles with a burning burner in a kiln, oil is projected onto the heated hearth from the nozzle of the projector while cooling the oil by an oil projector equipped with oil cooling means. The tile or tile kiln changing method is characterized in that the oil or the tile is tiled by the flame of the oil burned on the hearth.   After firing tiles or tiles with a firing burner in a kiln, the oil is projected onto the heated furnace wall from the nozzle of the projector while cooling the oil by an oil projector equipped with an oil cooling means. The tile or tile kiln changing method is characterized in that the oil or the tile is changed into a kiln by the oil flame burned on the furnace wall.   The oil projector is composed of a projection tube body having an oil supply port at the base end and a nozzle at the tip, and a water cooling jacket as an oil cooling means provided so as to cover the projection tube body. The tile or tile kiln changing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a water supply port and a drain port are provided on the end side.

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