JP2008106209A - Small carbonization furnace with distributed power generation function - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To eliminate a disadvantage of a conventional waste carbonization apparatus that equipment cost thereof is high, because apparatuses for producing saturated steam and superheated steam and a carbonization furnace are separated, which results in the enlargement of the carbonization apparatus. <P>SOLUTION: There is disclosed a carbonization apparatus for drying and carbonizing an organic waste charged from an opening/closing door by blowing waste heat and superheated steam into a sealed furnace cavity with two chambers having the opening/closing door in the upper part. The carbonization apparatus is characterized in that a heater is attached to a furnace base part of the two chambers; apparatuses for producing saturated steam and superheated steam and a waste heat power generation function are provided in the heater chamber, wherein the entire wall surface of the heater has a boiler function. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a small-sized carbonization device for organic matter, and is conventionally treated as waste by reducing and carbonizing locally in the mountains and golf courses without transporting thinned wood, pruned branches, or moisturey turf. The present invention relates to a small-sized carbonization apparatus that makes it possible to use the carbonized fuel as a carbonized fuel.

It is already known to carbonize organic matter such as garbage and sludge using superheated steam.
In order to use superheated steam, it must first be made.
In order to produce superheated steam, it is necessary to first boil water to produce saturated steam, and to heat the resulting saturated steam to superheated steam.
As disclosed in Patent Document 1, a conventional apparatus has a structure in which a saturated steam production apparatus, a steam superheater, and a carbonization furnace for blowing superheated steam are separate structures, and requires a large amount of power or a long time. However, there is a drawback that the apparatus becomes large and the equipment cost becomes extremely high.
Carbonization is extremely effective for preventing global warming, that is, for CO2 by fixing carbon as well as reducing the volume of waste. In addition, there is also an advantage that it can be effectively used as a soil conditioner or a humidity control agent as it is without harm. In this case, especially in golf courses, the generated carbides can be sprayed directly to golf courses, and in the forests, etc., the volume can be reduced directly, and the carbides can be directly used for soil improvement of the forests. The apparatus is smokeless and odorless and can be reduced in volume.

JP 2000-63848 A

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and its purpose is small and portable, and can be directly placed on the lawn mowing site of each golf course, a logging site in a forest, a hotel, etc. And it is providing the carbonization apparatus of the organic substance which can process exhaust gas by smokeless and odorless.

Means to solve the problem

The above-mentioned problems related to the carbonization furnace can be solved by the carbonization furnace of the present invention having the following configuration.
That is, the structure of the carbonization furnace of the present invention is
A closed furnace body cavity having an open / close door at the top is divided into upper and lower separate rooms, and the first room into which the treatment object for carbonization is charged is an organic matter drying room as a pretreatment function of carbonization, Processed material is dried by inputting waste heat from the lowermost heating chamber, and there is a transition gate for the processed material to the carbonization chamber with a partition plate that opens and closes for a certain time on the lower side of the section. When opened, the treated material moves to the lower carbonized compartment, and the carbonized chamber is in a reducing atmosphere state by blowing superheated steam to promote carbonization of the treated material after drying. The organic waste that has been dried is a carbonization furnace that carbonizes with superheated steam after passing through the partition board, and an exhaust device that discharges the pyrolysis gas during carbonization to the wall surface of the carbonization furnace is attached, and the exhaust device is attached to the carbonization furnace In the mouth A catalytic device for detoxifying the cracked gas is attached, and a plurality of disks rotating around the vertical axis are attached to the center of both dry and carbonized furnaces so that exhaust heat and superheated steam are easily distributed, and A discharge port directly connected to the disk is provided at the bottom of the carbonization furnace so that the carbide treated in the furnace is discharged out of the furnace if the disk is reversed, and the bottom of the furnace body of the two chambers is provided. Is a separate type and has a heating device chamber, and in the heating device chamber, a saturated steam generating function and a superheated steam generator, and a Stirling engine with a power generation function for generating power at a temperature difference are attached. A small carbonization device that can generate electricity at the same time as carbonizing waste.

The invention's effect

Small size, durable, and odorless with a drying function, carbonization furnace, saturated steam generator, superheated steam generator, and power generator, producing various wastes such as pruned branches in forests and grass on golf courses. Not only can the volume be reduced and carbonized directly at the site, but even in areas where electricity cannot reach, it is possible to generate electricity using those nearby organic wastes as heat sources, especially in remote islands and mountainous areas where electricity does not reach However, distributed power generation can be easily performed locally.

The structure of the carbonization furnace of the present invention and its function will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the structure of the present invention.
A closed furnace cavity having an open / close door 7 at the top is divided into upper and lower separate chambers, and the first chamber into which the processed material is introduced is an organic matter drying chamber as a pre-treatment function for carbonization, There is a carbonization chamber transition gate 10 with a partition plate that opens and closes in a certain time between the carbonization chamber side at the bottom of the drying chamber, and the treated product is dried by inputting waste heat from the heating chamber. When the transition gate 10 is opened, the dried product is moved to a partitioned lower carbonization chamber, and the lower carbonization chamber is in a reducing atmosphere state by blowing superheated steam to promote carbonization. The processed material introduced from the door 7 is dried in the upper compartment and then passes through the transition gate 10 of the partition board by the reverse rotation of the in-furnace stirrer 3. When the reverse rotation of the agitator stops, the transition gate is closed and the lower step Carbonization chamber The treated material transported by the superheated steam blown into the carbonization chamber fosters a reducing atmosphere in the carbonization furnace, and at the same time, high-temperature superheated steam is directly injected into the input organic waste, A carbonization furnace in which the carbonization of the processed material proceeds at the same time, and a boiler function 6 for generating saturated steam and a heating chamber for generating superheated steam 5 are attached to the bottom of the furnace body of the two chambers. A small carbonization furnace characterized in that a Stirling engine 11 with a power generation function for generating power with high-temperature waste heat is attached to the chamber.

The carbonization furnace of the present invention has a structure in which the periphery and bottom surface of the furnace body cavity are surrounded by a heat insulating material, and an organic waste to be carbonized is opened by opening an upper opening / closing door. Organic waste can be handled as it is, such as loading the current state, throwing it after crushing treatment for large-sized products, dispersing powder using powder in boxes, and placing diapers in the carbonization chamber with multiple slide shelves. In addition, depending on the input, it is introduced so that superheated steam can easily penetrate.
Organic waste to be input includes waste wood, pruned branches, golf course turf, food waste, leftover food, okara, vegetable waste, food residue, etc., organic waste discharged in daily life, and other as required Most of the organic waste can be put into dry carbonization. In addition, medical waste that is specially managed can be sterilized and sterilized, as well as smokeless and odorless, detoxified and reduced in volume.

  After throwing in the organic waste, the door is closed, and after drying in the previous stage, superheated steam is blown into the furnace cavity. The superheated steam is first produced by the boiler function 6 in the furnace wall portion of the heating device provided at the bottom of the furnace body, and then superheated by the superheated steam generator 5 provided at the ceiling of the heating device. To superheated steam. Water for producing saturated steam is supplied from a water tank provided outside the furnace body or directly connected water.

The inside of the furnace cavity separates the waste heat from the drying chamber using waste heat, the heated superheated steam and the heated part of the bottom, and the heat insulation device provided on the outer periphery to keep the furnace cavity warm. The inside of the carbonization furnace is maintained at a high temperature by the heat insulation device using the exhaust gas thus heated, and the inside of the furnace is heated to a temperature of about 330 to 550 ° C.

If the heat source of the heating unit is a heat source that can generate superheated steam of 330 ° C or higher, it can be any fuel oil such as heavy oil, kerosene burner, gas burner, electric heater, or firewood. A heat source that can be generated in a short time is more preferable.

  In the cavity, especially in the carbonization chamber, oxygen in the furnace is expelled by blowing superheated steam, and since there is an oxygen-free reducing atmosphere and superheated steam atmosphere, the organic matter put into the furnace does not burn. Both water and volatile non-organic components and organic components evaporate, and some organic substances are thermally decomposed into gas. Non-pyrolytic components are carbonized to form solid carbide.

The components of the exhaust gas are composed of these moisture, volatile non-organic components, organic components, and pyrolysis gases of organic matter, and also include combustible gases. When combined with the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the heating device, It burns rapidly and the odorous components are completely decomposed by heating and become smokeless and odorless.
The exhaust gas temperature discharged from the heating device is preferably 600 ° C. or higher. When the temperature is lower than 600 ° C., the odor component is not completely burned and decomposed when mixed with the pyrolysis gas discharged from the furnace cavity, and the odor remains. At this time, if the odor remains because of the low temperature, a small burner may be attached to the exhaust gas mixing portion in order to promote complete combustion such as the odor of the pyrolysis gas. Alternatively, an electric heater may be attached because a generator can be attached to a Stirling engine attached to the heating chamber.

Of the organic wastes, the carbonization of the wood system ends in about 60 minutes after the addition. Wastes with a moisture content of 80% or more, such as kitchen waste and diapers, require 120 minutes.
Since the carbide remains in the carbonization chamber, it is automatically discharged from the carbide discharge port by reversing the rotary disk provided at the bottom of the furnace cavity. Also, non-burning inorganic and metal components can be taken out together with carbides.

The examples illustrate the invention.
Structure of carbonization furnace: structure of Fig. 1 Total volume of drying chamber and carbonization chamber in the furnace body cavity: about 0.55m ³
Furnace size: 1.5m width x 1.7m depth x 2.6m height (can be mounted on vehicle)
Furnace temperature: 550 ° C
Superheated steam temperature: 450 ° C
Garbage type: pruning technique, golf course turf Pruned branches are cut to about 30 cm each, about 60 kg of cut grass and half are put directly into the upper drying chamber, the inlet is sealed, the switch is turned on, and about 40 After drying using waste heat for a minute, the gate of the partitioning chamber was opened, and the treated product was moved to the chamber. Carbonization is completed in about 1.5 hours in total after first putting into the drying room. After the completion of carbonization, the inside of the furnace disk was reversed and the carbide was taken out. The turf almost disappeared and only the pruned branches were carbonized while retaining the original shape, and the weight was about 5 kg. During that time, power generation by the Stirling engine installed in the heating device room was 55 kW, but it was about 25 kW because the temperature of the heating device was low. The exhaust gas was also colorless and odorless.

As described in detail above, the small carbonization furnace of the present invention can be easily carried on-board, so any organic waste can easily, conveniently, quickly and generate a bad odor on the spot. It is possible to reduce carbonization, volume reduction, waste collection costs and waste disposal costs, and even in areas where electricity does not reach, it is possible to easily generate electricity as long as there is waste. Power generation is cheap and easy, and waste that has been treated as waste can be converted into fuel as charcoal, making it unnecessary to construct a large waste disposal facility that is disliked by the surrounding residents. It makes a great contribution in the field of waste treatment.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of the structure of the small carbonization furnace of the present invention.

Claims (4)

A closed furnace cavity with an open / close door at the top is divided into upper and lower separate chambers, and the first compartment into which the processed material is charged is an organic matter drying chamber as a pre-treatment function of carbonization, from the heating chamber There is a transition gate to the carbonization chamber with a partitioning board that opens and closes for a certain time at the lower part of the section, and the processed object is separated into the lower part when the transition gate is opened. The lower room is in a reduced atmosphere state by blowing superheated steam and the carbonization is promoted, and the organic waste put into the door and dried is passed through the partition board and then overheated. A carbonization furnace that is carbonized by steam, an exhaust device that discharges the pyrolysis gas during carbonization is attached, a catalyst device is attached to the exhaust device attachment port of the carbonization furnace, and in the center of both the drying and carbonization furnaces Excessive A plurality of disks rotating around the vertical axis are attached so that steam can easily spread, and if the disks are reversed, the carbide treated in the furnace is discharged to the outside of the furnace. A discharge port directly connected is provided, and a separate heating device room is attached to the bottom of the furnace body of the two chambers. A saturated steam generating function, a superheated steam generating device, A small carbonization device, which is equipped with a Stirling engine with a power generation function that generates power with a temperature difference, and can generate power at the same time as carbonizing waste with superheated steam. 2. The small carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the heat source can be heated by any heat source such as heavy oil, kerosene, electricity, gas or biomass fuel. A carbonization apparatus, wherein the exhaust gas according to claim 1 is heat-treated at 780C to 850C. A small carbonization furnace characterized in that the wall surface or bottom surface of the heating device chamber according to claim 1 is enclosed by a metal water tank, and the entire heating device wall surface or bottom surface serves as a boiler.

Images