JP2008106175A - Charcoal kiln, bamboo charcoal, and concrete and mortar wall containing bamboo charcoal - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a charcoal kiln of which can be constructed at a low cost and is improved in heat resistance and heat insulating properties, and to provide bamboo charcoal produced by using the charcoal kiln. <P>SOLUTION: The charcoal kiln is provided by setting, on a base 10, a charcoal kiln main body 11 in which bamboo material is housed to be carbonized, an outer frame 12 is set to enclose the surroundings of the charcoal kiln main body 11 while a space 29 is formed between the charcoal kiln main body 11 and the outer frame 12, and insulating sand 13 is put between the charcoal kiln main body 11 and the outer frame 12. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a charcoal kiln that forms charcoal from a raw material, bamboo charcoal molded from the charcoal kiln, bamboo charcoal-containing concrete, and a plaster wall.

  Conventionally, as this kind of thing, there exists a thing as described in patent document 1. FIG.

That is, this patent document 1 states that “a charcoal kiln is internally slidably provided with one or more carbonization chamber forming sections in a cylindrical long furnace body having a front wall and a rear wall. The furnace body can be divided into a plurality of chambers, the front wall and the rear wall of the furnace body can be freely opened and closed, and the front wall is provided with a mouth portion on the outside via an opening, A smoke exhaust section is provided on the rear wall, and in the furnace body, a finish carbonization chamber that completely carbonizes the raw material wood from the front, and an intermediate carbonization chamber that carbonizes the raw material wood in an insufficient state, , A pretreatment chamber for mainly drying raw material wood can be formed as needed. "
JP 2006-77198 A.

  However, such a conventional apparatus has a problem that the furnace body itself is expensive because the furnace body has a simple cylindrical shape and requires a structure having heat resistance and heat insulation.

  Therefore, the present invention provides a charcoal kiln that can be inexpensively improved in heat resistance and heat insulation, and bamboo charcoal molded by the charcoal kiln.

  In order to achieve such an object, the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that a charcoal kiln body that contains raw materials and is carbonized is disposed on a base, and the charcoal kiln main body is surrounded by the charcoal kiln main body so as to surround the circumference. A charcoal-fired kiln having a heat insulating sand disposed between the main body of the charcoal kiln and the outer frame is provided.

  In addition to the structure of Claim 1, the charcoal kiln main body has a preheating chamber having a firing port, and a main kiln in which the raw material is accommodated. The preheating chamber communicates with the hot air introduction port, a chimney is connected to the main kiln, and the main kiln is formed with an opening for taking out the charcoal containing the raw material or carbonized. And an opening / closing lid for opening and closing the opening.

  The invention described in claim 3 is characterized in that, in addition to the structure described in claim 1 or 2, the base is formed of insulating sand.

  The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in addition to the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the heat insulating sand covers the entire side portion and upper portion of the charcoal kiln body.

  The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in addition to the structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the insulating sand is obtained by pulverizing earthenware.

  The invention described in claim 6 is characterized in that, in addition to the structure described in any one of claims 1 to 4, the heat insulating sand is obtained by pulverizing a shell.

  A seventh aspect of the present invention is characterized in that the bamboo charcoal is formed by the charcoal kiln according to any one of the first to sixth aspects.

  The invention described in claim 8 is characterized in that bamboo charcoal, earthenware, mixed sand obtained by pulverizing plastic is mixed with cement, water is added and stirred to form a bamboo charcoal-containing concrete.

  The invention according to claim 9 is characterized in that the bamboo charcoal-containing concrete is disposed in water to perform water purification and microbial adhesion, and bamboo charcoal is mixed in a predetermined ratio with respect to the concrete.

  The invention described in claim 10 is characterized in that, in addition to the structure described in claim 9, the bamboo charcoal and cement are mixed at a weight ratio of 3: 7, and water is added and stirred.

  According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration according to any one of the eighth to tenth aspects, the bamboo charcoal is carbonized at 400 ° C. or higher.

  The invention described in claim 12 is characterized in that it is a plaster wall that is solidified by applying powdered plaster to a powdered bamboo charcoal, water, susa, and paste.

  According to the above invention, the outer frame is installed with a gap between the main body of the charcoal kiln so as to surround the periphery of the main body of the charcoal kiln, and the heat insulating sand is disposed between the main body of the charcoal kiln and the outer frame. Sand can improve heat insulation and can improve thermal efficiency. In addition, since it is only necessary to dispose a frame-shaped outer frame and dispose the heat insulating sand between the main body of the charcoal kiln, the structure can be simplified.

  As the heat insulating sand, the ground material can be reused by using the ground material of the earthenware or the shell, and the discarded earthenware or the shell.

  Moreover, since bamboo charcoal has a large specific surface area, it is easy to take in nutrients from the outside world, and it is easy for microorganisms to live and breed. Bamboo charcoal contains abundant minerals, making it easier to live on the microorganisms that have grown, and that actinomycetes that are particularly good at degrading organic substances (odor and dirt components) can be well propagated. It became clear by experiment.

  Therefore, by using bamboo charcoal for tetrapots, drains and stucco walls, microorganisms with the bamboo charcoal pores as the residence clean the water and air by decomposing the adsorbed odor and dirt components.

  Bamboo charcoal is hard and difficult to break, and does not impede the flow of water.

  Furthermore, when bamboo charcoal is mixed in a tetrapot or the like, the surface is weakened by strong alkalinity (about pH 13) of general concrete to weak alkalinity (about pH 10) due to the effect of bamboo charcoal. Since it adheres easily, the biological environment of a coast can be made favorable.

  Furthermore, as a result of experiments, bamboo charcoal carbonized at 400 ° C. or higher has a larger specific surface area than bamboo charcoal carbonized at 200 ° C. More desirably, the specific surface area of bamboo charcoal carbonized at about 800 ° C. was maximized. Therefore, by using bamboo charcoal having a large specific surface area, the adsorbed odor and dirt components are further decomposed.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

  1 to 5 show an embodiment of the present invention.

  First, the structure will be described. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the charcoal kiln according to this embodiment is disposed on a base 10 and contains a bamboo material, which is a “raw material”, and is charred by a charcoal kiln body 11. And an outer frame 12 installed with a gap between the charcoal kiln main body 11 so as to surround the charcoal kiln main body 11, and heat insulating sand 13 is disposed between the charcoal kiln main body 11 and the outer frame 12. Has been. At the time of charcoal baking, the heat insulating sand 13 is also arranged on the charcoal kiln body 11.

  The charcoal kiln body 11 is formed of an iron plate and is formed in a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape having a total length of about 1800 mm, a width of about 600 mm, and a height of about 600 mm, as shown in FIGS.

  And this charcoal kiln main body 11 has the pre-heating chamber 16 which has the burning mouth 15, and the main kiln 17 in which a bamboo material (raw material) is accommodated.

  The preheating chamber 16 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape smaller than that of the main kiln 17, and the square opening 15 is formed on the front wall 18 of the preheating chamber 16, and the opening 15 is formed by a square plate-shaped opening lid 19. It is designed to be opened and closed. In this preheating chamber 16, excess bamboo, mill ends, and the like are burned.

  On the front wall 18 of the preheating chamber 16, guide members 21 are arranged along the vertical direction on both side edges 20 of the rectangular opening 15, and the opening palate 19 is provided in the guide grooves 21 a of both guide members 21. The opening 15 is closed by being inserted and guided from above, and the opening 15 is opened by lifting the opening lid 19 upward from this closed state.

  Further, a partition wall 22 is provided between the preheating chamber 16 and the main kiln 17, and the main kiln 17 and the preheating chamber 16 communicate with each other on the upper side of the partition wall 22. A hot air inlet 23 is formed.

  Further, the main kiln 17 has a rectangular parallelepiped shape larger than that of the preheating chamber 16, the upper surface portion and the lower surface portion are opened, and a rectangular opening 24 is formed in the upper surface portion. The opening 24 is opened and closed through an opening / closing lid 25, and the charcoal that contains bamboo material or is carbonized in the main kiln 17 can be taken out through the opening 24. Further, the opening on the lower surface is closed by the base 10.

  Furthermore, a lower end portion of a substantially L-shaped chimney 27 is connected to the lower end portion of the wall portion opposite to the preheating chamber 16 side, and the upper end opening 28 of the chimney 27 is connected to the main kiln 17. It extends to the upper part from the upper surface.

  Further, the main kiln 17 is provided with a hanging wall 26 in the vicinity of the wall portion to which the chimney 27 is connected, and there is a gap between the lower end of the hanging wall 26 and the bottom portion of the main kiln 17. 29 is formed. Bamboo material is accommodated on the left side (preheating chamber 16 side) in FIG. 2 from the hanging wall 26 in the main kiln 17.

  On the other hand, the outer frame 12 is made of an iron plate, and as shown in FIG. 1, the frame wall 30 disposed on the chimney 27 side and the pair of frame walls 31 along the longitudinal direction of the charcoal main body 11 are substantially in plan view. As shown in FIG. 1 (c), the frame walls 32 are respectively extended obliquely from the end portions of the pair of frame walls 31 on the preheating chamber 16 side. The periphery of the charcoal kiln body 11 is surrounded by the outer frame 12 by arranging the front end portion of the frame wall 32 so as to contact the side wall of the preheating chamber 16.

  The insulated sand 13 is a discarded pottery (a pottery baked at about 800 ° C. to 1200 ° C.) pulverized to a size of 5 mm or less. 11 and the outer frame 12 are arranged on the opening / closing lid 25.

  Furthermore, the said base 10 is comprised with the heat insulation sand 13 similar to it, and is closing the opening of this kiln 17 as mentioned above.

  Next, the case where charcoal baking is performed using such a charcoal kiln will be described.

  First, the bamboo material is accommodated in the main kiln 17 from the opening 24 with the opening / closing lid 25 removed, and then the opening / closing lid 25 is closed. Thereafter, the insulating sand 13 covers the upper part of the opening / closing lid 25. Between the charcoal kiln main body 11 and the outer frame 12, the heat insulating sand 13 is filled in advance.

  Next, an end material such as bamboo is put into the preheating chamber 16 through the firing port 15 and burned. Then, hot air flows into the main kiln 17 from the preheating chamber 16 through the hot air inlet 23, and the bamboo material is first dried and white smoke is emitted from the chimney 27.

  And if it continues to whistle, thermal decomposition by carbonization will become active and scorching smoke (70-75 degreeC) will rise vigorously. When that happens, if the soot 15 is closed and the chimney 27 is opened, thermal decomposition is performed stably. Next, the chimney 27 is gradually narrowed to advance carbonization by firing. Then, carbonization progresses, and the temperature of smoke rises (90-150 degreeC) with it, and becomes brownish. Over time, the amount of smoke will decrease, but slowly take time to carbonize. And it becomes the tar white smoke (200 degreeC), and also becomes blue (230-300 degreeC). When the smoke turns blue and the temperature reaches 230 to 300 ° C., the top opening 28 and the spout 15 of the chimney 27 are reopened, and refining is performed to remove the gas content of the charcoal. The upper end opening 28 and the opening 15 are closed. This burns good quality charcoal. The temperature is gradually lowered, the temperature in the main kiln 17 is lowered to 100 ° C. or less, and then the outside air is touched, cooled, and charred.

In this way, a series of operations including a drying process at the beginning of the firing, an intermediate pyrolytic carbonization process by firing, and a final carbonization process by high-temperature pyrolysis and refining in the latter half are performed, and the carbonaceous material is completed.
[Example]

  Next, examples will be described.

Explaining the specifications of charcoal firing, the charcoal kiln body 11 uses a 4.5 mm steel plate, the kiln capacity is 0.6 m ³ , the input bamboo material (varies depending on the moisture content) is about 140 kg raw bamboo, about 80 kg dry bamboo The finished bamboo charcoal is about 20 Kg, the insulating sand 13 used around the kiln is about 3.7 m ³ , and the heating fuel uses surplus bamboo and mill ends.

The carbonization time of three different bamboo materials when charcoal firing is performed with such specifications will be described.
(1) About 2 months dry bamboo

Carbonization time in the case of bamboo dried for about 2 months is about 17-18 hours. In this case, burning is performed for about 2 hours and carbonization is performed for about 15 hours. Then leave it for about 3 days.
(2) In case of withered bamboo

The carbonization time in the case of withered bamboo is about 15 to 16 hours. In this case, burning is performed for about 2 hours and carbonization is performed for about 13 hours. Then leave it for about 3 days.
(3) In the case of raw bamboo

  Carbonization time in the case of raw bamboo is about 48 to 50 hours. In this case, plating is performed for about 2 hours, tanning is performed for about 33 hours (round-cut bran material is added every 7 to 8 hours), and carbonization is performed for about 13 hours. Then leave it for about 3 days.

  In such a charcoal kiln, an outer frame 12 is installed with a gap between the charcoal kiln body 11 so as to surround the charcoal kiln main body 11, and between the charcoal kiln main body 11 and the outer frame 12, Since the heat insulating sand 13 is arranged, the heat insulating property can be improved by the inexpensive heat insulating sand 13, and the thermal efficiency can be improved. In addition, since it is only necessary to dispose the frame-shaped outer frame 12 and the heat insulating sand 13 between the charcoal kiln body 11, the structure can be simplified.

  In addition, since the thermal efficiency is good, bamboo charcoal can be molded well even with the amount of heat generated by burning off end materials such as bamboo. Therefore, it is not necessary to dispose of pottery and scraps that are no longer needed, and it is possible to regain satoyama by forming bamboo as a charcoal that adversely affects satoyama. is there.

  Further, when the heat insulating sand 13 becomes unnecessary, the outer frame 12 is removed, the sand is easily removed, the outer frame 12 is disposed again, and the new heat insulating sand 13 is disposed between the charcoal kiln body 11. By doing so, the heat insulation sand 13 can be replaced | exchanged easily. This unnecessary sand can be used as cement aggregate sand.

  Furthermore, since the heat insulating sand 13 is formed by pulverizing pottery, the pottery is baked at a high temperature (about 800 ° C. to 1200 ° C.), so it is resistant to heat and can improve durability. . In addition, since the pottery has been discarded, the waste can be effectively used. In addition to pottery, fruit shells discarded after harvesting can be crushed and used as the insulating sand 13.

  Further, since the base 10 is also formed of the heat insulating sand 13 obtained by pulverizing the pottery, even when the bamboo charcoal is formed on the base 10, the pottery is less likely to generate impurities even when heated. Bamboo charcoal can be molded and thermal efficiency can be improved.

Bamboo charcoal molded in such a charcoal kiln can be used for the following applications.
(1) Bamboo charcoal-containing concrete is formed by mixing bamboo charcoal carbonized and pulverized at 400 ° C. or higher at a weight ratio of 3: 7, adding water and stirring.

  Also, bamboo charcoal carbonized and pulverized at 400 ° C. or higher, waste earthenware crushed (above-mentioned used heat insulating sand 13), waste plastic crushed mixed sand, mixed with cement and water Bamboo charcoal-containing concrete can be formed by adding and stirring.

A tetrapot as shown in FIG. 4 and a drainage groove as shown in FIG. 5 are formed from such bamboo charcoal-containing concrete. Moreover, it can also be used as a box groove, a wall surface / bottom surface block of a river / lake, and the like.
(2) A stucco wall is formed by mixing bamboo charcoal carbonized and pulverized at 400 ° C. or higher, powdered stucco, water, susa, paste, and solidifying.

  Specifically, the limestone and shells that are the raw materials of plaster are “lime carbonate (calcium carbonate)”, and when this is baked at a high temperature of about 1000 ° C., it becomes “quick lime (calcium oxide)”. It changes to “slaked lime (calcium hydroxide)”. This is pure powdery stucco.

  On-site, the powdered stucco is mixed with powdered bamboo charcoal, water, susa, glue, etc. The painted plaster reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to become “lime carbonate (calcium carbonate)” and hardens. Thereby, a plaster wall is formed.

  By the way, bamboo charcoal has the appearance of the surface of a hole like a soccer ball, and has a honeycomb (honeycomb-like hexagonal) structure. They are distributed in large and small sizes up to 1 millimeter (micron) units.

  By the way, the internal surface area of the hole is more than 300 square meters per gram of bamboo charcoal (capacity of adult fingertips), which is more than two hundred tatami mats in size, even with a small charcoal for one banana. The surface area is large enough to fit the Tokyo Dome completely.

  On the other hand, what is carbonized at a high temperature of about 1000 ° C. like Bincho charcoal and cooled as it is outside the charcoal kiln is baked into hard charcoal whose surface structure is improved, and the surface area is also reduced.

  Thus, since bamboo charcoal has a large specific surface area, it is easy to take in nutrients from the outside world, and it is easy for microorganisms to live and propagate. Bamboo charcoal contains abundant minerals, making it easier to live on the microorganisms that have grown, and that actinomycetes that are particularly good at degrading organic substances (odor and dirt components) can be well propagated. It became clear by experiment.

  Therefore, by using bamboo charcoal for tetrapots, drains and stucco walls, microorganisms with the bamboo charcoal pores as the residence clean the water and air by decomposing the adsorbed odor and dirt components.

  Bamboo charcoal is hard and difficult to break, and does not impede the flow of water.

  Furthermore, when bamboo charcoal is mixed in a tetrapot or the like, the surface is weakened by strong alkalinity (about pH 13) of general concrete to weak alkalinity (about pH 10) due to the effect of bamboo charcoal. Since it adheres easily, the biological environment of a coast can be made favorable.

Furthermore, as a result of experiments, bamboo charcoal carbonized at 400 ° C. or higher has a larger specific surface area than bamboo charcoal carbonized at 200 ° C. More desirably, the specific surface area of bamboo charcoal carbonized at about 800 ° C. was maximized. Therefore, by using bamboo charcoal having a large specific surface area, the adsorbed odor and dirt components are further decomposed.
(3) Bamboo charcoal is pulverized, powdered, and solidified with glue or the like to form a plate, thereby forming a plate made of bamboo charcoal. A bedrock bath can be performed by laying this bamboo charcoal plate and warming it, and a person lying on it.

  Thus, by performing a bedrock bath using bamboo charcoal plate material, negative ions are generated, and the effect of relieving stress and calming is obtained.

  In the above embodiment, bamboo is used as the “raw material”, but the present invention is not limited to this, and other materials such as wood may be used. Moreover, although what pulverized pottery was used as "insulating sand", it is needless to say that other sand may be used.

It is a figure which shows the charcoal kiln which concerns on embodiment of this invention, (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view of (a), (c) is a right view of (b). It is a perspective view which shows the charcoal kiln main body which concerns on the same embodiment. It is a figure which shows the charcoal kiln main body which concerns on the embodiment, (a) is a front view, (b) is a top view of (a), (c) is a right view of (b). It is a front view which shows the tetrapod which concerns on the same embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the drainage groove | channel which concerns on the same embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

10 base
11 Charcoal kiln body
12 Outer frame
13 Thermal insulation sand
15 spout
16 Preheating room
17 Main kiln
19 Thatched palate
25 Open / close lid
27 Chimney
29 Clearance

Claims (12)

  A charcoal kiln body that contains raw materials and is carbonized is disposed on a base, and an outer frame is installed with a gap between the charcoal kiln body so as to surround the charcoal kiln body, A charcoal-fired kiln, characterized in that insulating sand is disposed between the outer frame.   The main body of the charcoal has a preheating chamber having a firing port and a main kiln in which the raw material is accommodated, and the main kiln and the preheating chamber communicate with each other through a hot air inlet, and the main kiln A chimney is connected to the main kiln, and the main kiln is further provided with an opening for taking out the charcoal containing or carbonizing the raw material, and an opening / closing lid for opening and closing the opening. Item 2. A charcoal kiln according to item 1.   The charcoal-fired kiln according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the base is composed of insulating sand.   The charcoal kiln according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat insulating sand covers the entire side and upper part of the main body of the charcoal kiln.   The charcoal kiln according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heat insulating sand is a material obtained by pulverizing earthenware.   The charcoal kiln according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heat insulating sand is obtained by pulverizing shells.   Bamboo charcoal formed by the charcoal kiln according to any one of claims 1 to 6.   Bamboo charcoal-containing concrete, which is formed by mixing bamboo charcoal, earthenware, and plastic mixed sand mixed with cement, adding water and stirring.   Bamboo charcoal-containing concrete, which is disposed in water, purifies water and adheres to microorganisms, and contains bamboo charcoal in a predetermined ratio with respect to concrete.   The bamboo charcoal-containing concrete according to claim 9, wherein the bamboo charcoal and cement are mixed at a weight ratio of 3: 7, and water is added and stirred.   The bamboo charcoal-containing concrete according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the bamboo charcoal is carbonized at 400 ° C or higher.   A stucco wall characterized by being mixed with powdered plaster mixed with powdered bamboo charcoal, water, susa and glue.

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