JP2008096140A - Status detector for storage battery - Google Patents

Status detector for storage battery Download PDF

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JP2008096140A
JP2008096140A JP2006274918A JP2006274918A JP2008096140A JP 2008096140 A JP2008096140 A JP 2008096140A JP 2006274918 A JP2006274918 A JP 2006274918A JP 2006274918 A JP2006274918 A JP 2006274918A JP 2008096140 A JP2008096140 A JP 2008096140A
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storage battery
detection device
state detection
state
voltage
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JP4973112B2 (en
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Eiji Kadouchi
英治 門内
Kiichi Koike
喜一 小池
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structure of a status detector for a storage battery wherein the result of status detection on the storage battery and history data such as the state of use stored in a built-in nonvolatile memory are read out or deleted with a smaller parts count. <P>SOLUTION: By inputting a prescribed voltage waveform into a signal line of this status detector connected to a terminal of the storage battery, history data on the status of the storage battery and on the state of use thereof stored in the built-in nonvolatile memory are output to the exterior of the status detector by a means such as optical signal outputting. Further, history information in the nonvolatile memory is deleted by means of a separately set voltage waveform. Since a command signal input line to the nonvolatile memory is also used as a signal line between the storage battery and the status detector, there is no necessity to provide an input port for a command signal independently of the signal line, reducing a parts count to make it possible to provide a small-sized and low-cost status detector. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、例えば、車両のエンジン始動用鉛蓄電池に適用できる、蓄電池の状態検知装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a storage battery state detection device that can be applied to, for example, a lead storage battery for starting an engine of a vehicle.

近年、モータリゼーションが進む中、外部からの救助を要する車両故障の原因として始動用バッテリー不具合の占める割合が増加し、その大きな原因の一つとなっている。現在、市中を走行する多くの車両はエンジンを動力源とし、エンジン始動時に蓄電池より電力の供給を受けてスターターモータを駆動する構成を採っている。こうした構成の場合、蓄電池の不具合が発生するとエンジン始動不能となる。   In recent years, with the progress of motorization, the proportion of starter battery malfunctions has increased as a cause of vehicle breakdowns that require external rescue, which is one of the major causes. Currently, many vehicles traveling in the city use an engine as a power source, and receive a power supply from a storage battery when the engine is started to drive a starter motor. In such a configuration, the engine cannot be started if a storage battery malfunction occurs.

また、車両用の蓄電池に限らず、バックアップ電源用等、他用途の蓄電池においても、蓄電池の不具合は、蓄電池を用いたシステム全体に多大な悪影響を及ぼす。したがって、蓄電池の不具合を未然に防止する目的で、蓄電池の残存寿命や、使用可能時間等を検知する、状態検知装置が種々提案されてきている。   Moreover, not only in a vehicle storage battery but also in a storage battery for other uses such as a backup power source, a malfunction of the storage battery has a great adverse effect on the entire system using the storage battery. Therefore, various state detection devices for detecting the remaining life of the storage battery, the usable time, and the like have been proposed for the purpose of preventing the malfunction of the storage battery.

蓄電池の状態検知装置としては、単に、蓄電池の端子電圧から蓄電池の残存容量を示す簡便なものから、端子電圧や内部抵抗の電気的信号、あるいはこれらに付加して電池温度等の各種データを経時的にサンプリングし、これらのサンプリングデータや、これらのサンプリングデータから演算によって得られた蓄電池状態を示すパラメータをメモリに記憶し、適宜、このメモリから、これらのサンプリングデータやパラメータの履歴を読み出し、状態検知に反映させる手法も提案されている。   As a storage battery state detection device, the terminal voltage and the internal resistance electrical signal, or various data such as the battery temperature in addition to the terminal voltage and the internal resistance, are simply obtained from the terminal voltage of the storage battery. The sampling data and parameters indicating the storage battery state obtained by calculation from these sampling data are stored in the memory, and the history of these sampling data and parameters is read from this memory as appropriate. A method of reflecting the detection is also proposed.

後者のサンプリングデータや蓄電池状態を示すパラメータを記憶するメモリを有した状態検知装置では、メモリに記憶された各種データを読み取ることによって、蓄電池の使用履歴を類推することができる。例えば、車両用蓄電池の例では、充電電圧が連続して標準とされる値を大幅に下回る場合は、機器側の充電装置の故障であることがわかる。また、蓄電池電圧が長時間連続して低下する場合には、負荷と蓄電池間のスイッチの消し忘れ等による過放電が進行していた等、蓄電池の使用履歴・環境と、蓄電池状態との因果関係の調査が可能となるため、蓄電池劣化に対する適切な対処が可能となる。   In the state detection device having the memory for storing the latter sampling data and the parameter indicating the storage battery state, it is possible to infer the usage history of the storage battery by reading various data stored in the memory. For example, in the case of the vehicular storage battery, when the charging voltage is significantly lower than the standard value continuously, it is understood that the charging device on the device side is out of order. In addition, when the battery voltage drops continuously for a long time, overdischarge due to forgetting to turn off the switch between the load and the battery, etc. has progressed, etc.Causal relationship between the storage battery usage history and environment and the battery condition This makes it possible to take appropriate measures against storage battery deterioration.

このような、蓄電池の状態検知装置内に記憶された、サンプリングデータや、蓄電池状態パラメータ等のデータを装置外に読み出す方法として、例えば、特許文献１には、蓄電池に内蔵された、状態検知装置に発光素子を設け、メモリ内の履歴データを、この発光素子を用いて、発光信号として電池外部に送信し、別途に設けた受光素子で受信することによって、メモリ内の履歴データを電池外部に読み出す構成が示されている。   As a method for reading out data such as sampling data and storage battery state parameters stored in the storage battery state detection device out of the device, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a state detection device built in the storage battery. The history data in the memory is sent to the outside of the battery as a light emission signal using this light emitting element, and received by the separately provided light receiving element. A configuration for reading is shown.

特許文献１では、メモリ内の履歴データを読み出すにあたり、別途設けたスイッチを操作することによって、発光信号の送信が開始されることが示されている。   In Patent Document 1, it is shown that when reading history data in a memory, transmission of a light emission signal is started by operating a separately provided switch.

しかしながら、特許文献１に記載された状態検知装置においては、通常の状態検知動作から外部への履歴データ送信のモードに制御を切り替える為に機械的なスイッチが必要である。特に始動用鉛蓄電池では、このスイッチは、エンジンルームからの高熱に暴露され、また、蓄電池本体から放出される酸霧と接触する可能性があり、スイッチの動作不良が発生するという課題があった。   However, in the state detection device described in Patent Document 1, a mechanical switch is required to switch the control from the normal state detection operation to the history data transmission mode to the outside. Especially in lead-acid batteries for start-up, this switch is exposed to high heat from the engine room and may come into contact with acid mist released from the battery body, resulting in a problem that the switch malfunctions. .

また、スイッチの収納容積を装置本体内に確保する必要上から、装置本体がより大型化したり、スイッチ本体の価格によって、装置本体がより高価格化するという課題があった。   In addition, since it is necessary to secure the storage capacity of the switch in the apparatus main body, there has been a problem that the apparatus main body becomes larger and the apparatus main body becomes more expensive due to the price of the switch main body.

また、特許文献２には、蓄電池テストモジュール（状態検知装置）内に記憶したデータを、蓄電池テストモジュールに設けた入力部に所定のアクセスコードを入力することによって、同じく蓄電池テストモジュールに設けた出力部に出力することが示されている。   Further, Patent Document 2 discloses that data stored in a storage battery test module (state detection device) is output to the storage battery test module by inputting a predetermined access code to an input unit provided in the storage battery test module. It is shown to output to the part.

特許文献２においては、データ出力を行うため、入力部と出力部とを蓄電池テストモジュールに別途設ける必要があり、その結果として、蓄電池テストモジュールの構成部品が増え、その価格もより高価格となるため、蓄電池を購入するユーザにとって負担となっていた。
特開２００５−３２７６０４号公報 特開２００３−２６４００９号公報 In Patent Document 2, in order to perform data output, it is necessary to separately provide an input unit and an output unit in the storage battery test module. As a result, the number of components of the storage battery test module increases, and the price becomes higher. Therefore, it has been a burden for users who purchase storage batteries.
JP 2005-327604 A JP 2003-264209 A

本発明は、蓄電池電圧、内部抵抗等のサンプリングデータ、あるいは、これらのサンプリングデータから得られた、蓄電池の状態を示すパラメータを記憶する不揮発性メモリを有した蓄電池の状態検知装置において、不揮発性メモリに記憶された情報の外部出力部および、この外部出力動作やメモリリセットを制御するための信号の入力部を、より安価に構成することによって、全体として、安価で信頼性に優れた蓄電池の状態検知装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention relates to a storage battery state detection device having a nonvolatile memory for storing sampling data such as storage battery voltage and internal resistance, or parameters indicating the state of the storage battery obtained from the sampling data. The state of the storage battery that is inexpensive and highly reliable as a whole by configuring the external output unit of the information stored in the memory and the signal input unit for controlling the external output operation and memory reset at a lower cost An object is to provide a detection device.

前記した課題を解決するために、本発明の請求項１に係る発明は、蓄電池の端子間に信号線を介して接続され、前記蓄電池の端子間電圧等の電気的信号に基づいて、前記蓄電池の残存容量や寿命等の状態を表示する、蓄電池の状態検知装置であり、前記状態検知装置の駆動電源は、電源線を介して前記蓄電池より供給され、前記状態検知装置は、前記電気的信号および／もしくは、これから得られた前記蓄電池の状態に関連するパラメータ等の情報を記憶する不揮発性メモリを有し、前記信号線に、所定の電圧波形を印加することにより、前記不揮発性メモリに記憶された情報を外部に出力し、あるいは前記不揮発性メモリの初期化を行う、蓄電池の状態検知装置を示すものである。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is based on an electrical signal such as a voltage between terminals of the storage battery, which is connected between terminals of the storage battery via a signal line. The state detection device of the storage battery displays the state of the remaining capacity, life, etc. of the battery, the drive power of the state detection device is supplied from the storage battery via a power line, the state detection device is the electrical signal And / or a non-volatile memory that stores information such as parameters related to the state of the storage battery obtained from the non-volatile memory, and stores the information in the non-volatile memory by applying a predetermined voltage waveform to the signal line. The storage battery state detection device that outputs the recorded information to the outside or initializes the nonvolatile memory is shown.

また、本発明の請求項２に係る発明は、請求項１の構成を有した蓄電池の状態検知装置において、前記蓄電池は前記蓄電池を使用する機器に設けた充電装置によって充電され、前記電圧波形は、前記充電装置の最大充電電圧を越えて高い電圧を含むことを特徴とする。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the storage battery state detection device having the configuration of the first aspect, the storage battery is charged by a charging device provided in a device that uses the storage battery, and the voltage waveform is And a high voltage exceeding the maximum charging voltage of the charging device.

また、本発明の請求項３に係る発明は、請求項１もしくは２の蓄電池の状態検知装置において、前記信号線と前記電源線とを共通としたことを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 3 of the present invention is characterized in that, in the storage battery state detection device according to claim 1 or 2, the signal line and the power line are shared.

また、本発明の請求項４に係る発明は、請求項１〜３の蓄電池の状態検知装置において、 前記不揮発性メモリに記憶された前記情報を、光信号として出力する、外部出力用発光デバイスを備えたことを特徴とする。   Moreover, the invention according to claim 4 of the present invention is the storage battery state detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: a light emitting device for external output that outputs the information stored in the nonvolatile memory as an optical signal. It is characterized by having.

また、本発明の請求項５に係る発明は、請求項４の蓄電池の状態検知装置において、前記蓄電池の状態表示を行う状態表示用発光デバイスを備え、前記状態表示用発光デバイスと前記外部出力用発光デバイスとを兼用したことを特徴とする。   Further, the invention according to claim 5 of the present invention is the storage battery state detection device according to claim 4, comprising a state display light emitting device for displaying the state of the storage battery, and the state display light emitting device and the external output device. It is also used as a light emitting device.

そして、本発明の請求項６に係る発明は、請求項１〜５の蓄電池の状態検知装置において、前記蓄電池の放電負荷の有無を検出し、前記放電負荷が所定量を越える場合、前記電圧波形の検出をキャンセルすることを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 6 of the present invention is the storage battery state detection device according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the presence or absence of a discharge load of the storage battery is detected, and when the discharge load exceeds a predetermined amount, the voltage waveform It is characterized by canceling the detection of.

本発明によれば、蓄電池の状態検知装置に内蔵された不揮発性メモリに記憶された情報を出力したり、あるいはこの情報を消去するにあたり、これらの処理指令の信号入力を蓄電池電圧検知のための信号線を用いて行うため、不揮発性メモリへのアクセスのために個別にスイッチ等のユーザ入力部を設ける必要がない。したがって、状態検知装置の部品点数が削減されるため、当該装置の小型化および低価格化が可能となる。   According to the present invention, when outputting the information stored in the nonvolatile memory built in the storage battery state detection device or erasing this information, the signal input of these processing commands is used to detect the storage battery voltage. Since the signal line is used, it is not necessary to provide a user input unit such as a switch individually for accessing the nonvolatile memory. Therefore, since the number of parts of the state detection device is reduced, the device can be reduced in size and price.

図１は、本発明の実施形態による蓄電池の状態検知装置１の構成を示す図である。状態検知装置１は、一対の電源線２ｐ，２ｎおよび、一対の信号線３ｐ，３ｎを有する。電源線２ｐ，２ｎおよび信号線３ｐ，３ｎは、状態検知対象の蓄電池４に接続される。   FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a storage battery state detection device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The state detection device 1 includes a pair of power supply lines 2p and 2n and a pair of signal lines 3p and 3n. The power supply lines 2p and 2n and the signal lines 3p and 3n are connected to the storage battery 4 that is a state detection target.

状態検知装置１は、状態検知装置１本体動作用の電源を供給するための安定化電源５を有する。蓄電池４と安定化電源５とは、電源線２ｐ，２ｎで接続され、安定化電源５は、状態検知動作を行うためのマイコン６、検知結果表示用のＬＥＤ７および外部通信用の通信用赤外線ＬＥＤ８に電源を供給する。   The state detection device 1 has a stabilized power source 5 for supplying power for operation of the state detection device 1 main body. The storage battery 4 and the stabilized power supply 5 are connected by power lines 2p and 2n. The stabilized power supply 5 includes a microcomputer 6 for performing a state detection operation, an LED 7 for displaying a detection result, and an infrared LED 8 for communication for external communication. Supply power.

また、蓄電池４は信号線３ｐ，３ｎを介してマイコン６に内蔵されたＡ／Ｄコンバータ９に接続される。蓄電池４の電圧は、Ａ／Ｄコンバータ９によって、デジタル化され、演算論理装置１０内で、所定のプログラムに基づいて、必要に応じて蓄電池４の残存容量、劣化状態等、蓄電池４の状態や、蓄電池４の使用状況を示すパラメータが算出される。なお、パラメータには、蓄電池４の電圧値から間接的に得られ、状態検知結果に反映される、他の情報、例えば、蓄電池４の内部抵抗値等の情報を含んでもよい。   The storage battery 4 is connected to an A / D converter 9 built in the microcomputer 6 through signal lines 3p and 3n. The voltage of the storage battery 4 is digitized by the A / D converter 9, and the state of the storage battery 4 such as the remaining capacity and the deterioration state of the storage battery 4 is determined as necessary based on a predetermined program in the arithmetic logic unit 10. A parameter indicating the usage status of the storage battery 4 is calculated. The parameter may include other information obtained indirectly from the voltage value of the storage battery 4 and reflected in the state detection result, for example, information such as the internal resistance value of the storage battery 4.

また、図示しないが、別途設けた温度センサによって得られた蓄電池温度を含んでもよい。また、マイコン６に内蔵されるクロックジェネレータ（図示せず）によって得られる、蓄電池の使用時間や、前記した各パラメータの経時変化を、このパラメータとして含んでもよい。また、蓄電池４の電圧の推移によって検出された、充電器異常や、過放電異常等の履歴情報等、蓄電池の状態検知に有用な他のデータも、必要に応じてパラメータとして含むことができる。   Moreover, although not shown in figure, you may include the storage battery temperature obtained by the temperature sensor provided separately. Further, the usage time of the storage battery obtained by a clock generator (not shown) built in the microcomputer 6 and the change with time of each parameter described above may be included as this parameter. Further, other data useful for detecting the state of the storage battery, such as history information such as charger abnormality and overdischarge abnormality, detected by the transition of the voltage of the storage battery 4, can be included as necessary.

前記したような、蓄電池４の状態を示すパラメータ中、蓄電池４の使用者に状態検知結果として告知すべき情報は、状態検知装置１の表示手段を用いて表示される。図１では、この表示手段として、蓄電池４の劣化状態に応じて点灯するＬＥＤ７を用いた例を示した。その他にも、液晶パネルを用いた他の視覚的表示や、音響等を用いた聴覚的な表示手段を採用することができる。   Among the parameters indicating the state of the storage battery 4 as described above, information to be notified as a state detection result to the user of the storage battery 4 is displayed using the display means of the state detection device 1. In FIG. 1, the example using LED7 which turns on according to the deterioration state of the storage battery 4 as this display means was shown. In addition, other visual displays using a liquid crystal panel, or auditory display means using sound or the like can be employed.

蓄電池４の電圧等の電気的信号や、これらから得られた蓄電池４の状態を示す、あるいは状態に関連付けされる各種パラメータはマイコン６に内蔵された不揮発性メモリ１１に蓄電池４の履歴情報として記憶される。   Various parameters indicating the electrical signal such as the voltage of the storage battery 4 and the state of the storage battery 4 obtained therefrom or associated with the state are stored as history information of the storage battery 4 in the nonvolatile memory 11 built in the microcomputer 6. Is done.

本発明では、信号線３ｐ，３ｎに所定の電圧波形を加えることによって、不揮発性メモリ１１に記憶された蓄電池４の履歴情報を読み出し、状態検知装置１外部に出力する、あるいは前記不揮発性メモリに記憶された履歴情報の消去を行う。   In the present invention, by adding a predetermined voltage waveform to the signal lines 3p and 3n, the history information of the storage battery 4 stored in the nonvolatile memory 11 is read and output to the outside of the state detection device 1 or stored in the nonvolatile memory. The stored history information is deleted.

不揮発性メモリから外部出力された蓄電池４の履歴情報から、蓄電池４の使用状態が推測可能であり、これより、蓄電池４の劣化要因を推測することができる。例えば、蓄電池の最大電圧が、通常、蓄電池の充電に必要とされる電圧に満たない場合や、逆に大幅に通常の充電電圧を上回る場合には、充電異常であることが類推できる。また、蓄電池電圧より放電／充電の時間的バランスやそれぞれでの放電・充電電流を推測できるため、蓄電池に対する充放電電気量収支を推測でき、その結果と、蓄電池４との劣化状況とから、蓄電池の劣化要因を究明することができる。   The usage state of the storage battery 4 can be estimated from the history information of the storage battery 4 output externally from the nonvolatile memory. From this, the deterioration factor of the storage battery 4 can be estimated. For example, when the maximum voltage of the storage battery is usually less than the voltage required for charging the storage battery, or conversely, it greatly exceeds the normal charging voltage, it can be inferred that the charging is abnormal. Moreover, since the time balance of discharge / charge and the discharge / charge current in each can be estimated from the storage battery voltage, the charge / discharge electricity amount balance for the storage battery can be estimated, and the storage battery can be determined from the result and the deterioration state of the storage battery 4. It is possible to investigate the deterioration factor.

また、不揮発性メモリ１１に記憶された履歴情報を消去することによって、状態検知装置１を他の蓄電池に付け替えることが可能となる。履歴情報を参照することによって、状態検知を行う場合、状態検知装置１を蓄電池４から取り外し、別の蓄電池に接続すると、前に接続されていた蓄電池４の履歴が不揮発性メモリ１１内に残存しているため、後に接続した蓄電池の状態検知が不正確になる。不揮発性メモリ１１内の履歴情報を消去する構成とした場合、状態検知装置を再利用することができる。   In addition, by erasing the history information stored in the nonvolatile memory 11, the state detection device 1 can be replaced with another storage battery. When state detection is performed by referring to history information, when the state detection device 1 is detached from the storage battery 4 and connected to another storage battery, the history of the previously connected storage battery 4 remains in the nonvolatile memory 11. Therefore, the state detection of the storage battery connected later becomes inaccurate. When the history information in the nonvolatile memory 11 is erased, the state detection device can be reused.

本発明では、この不揮発性メモリ１１に記憶された情報の読み出し処理や、消去処理の指示を信号線３ａ，３ｂより、状態検知装置１に所定の電圧波形を加えることによって行う。   In the present invention, an instruction to read or erase information stored in the nonvolatile memory 11 is performed by applying a predetermined voltage waveform to the state detection device 1 from the signal lines 3a and 3b.

図２は、所定の電圧波形（ａ）の例を示す図であり、公称電圧１２Ｖの鉛蓄電池に適用させ、電圧１３．０〜１２．９７５Ｖで周期２０ｍｓｅｃの方形波の電圧波形とした例である。このような所定の電圧波形は、あらかじめ組み込まれた電圧波形検知プログラムによって、演算論理装置１０により検知され、所定の電圧波形が検知された場合には、不揮発性メモリ１１内の履歴情報を状態検知装置１より外部に出力する、もしくは、履歴情報を消去するよう、演算処理装置１０によって処理を行う。   FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a predetermined voltage waveform (a), which is applied to a lead-acid battery having a nominal voltage of 12 V and is a square wave voltage waveform having a voltage of 13.0 to 12.975 V and a period of 20 msec. is there. Such a predetermined voltage waveform is detected by the arithmetic logic unit 10 by a pre-installed voltage waveform detection program, and when the predetermined voltage waveform is detected, history information in the nonvolatile memory 11 is detected as a state. Processing is performed by the arithmetic processing unit 10 so as to output to the outside from the apparatus 1 or to erase the history information.

図２に例示したような、所定の電圧波形（ａ）を信号線３ａ，３ｂに加える手法として、信号線３ａ，３ｂを蓄電池４から取り外した上で、これらの信号線３ａ，３ｂに所定の電圧波形を出力するよう、制御された可変定電圧電源を用いることによればよい。   As a method of applying a predetermined voltage waveform (a) to the signal lines 3a and 3b as illustrated in FIG. 2, after removing the signal lines 3a and 3b from the storage battery 4, the signal lines 3a and 3b have a predetermined voltage waveform. What is necessary is just to use the controlled variable constant voltage power supply which outputs a voltage waveform.

本発明によれば、不揮発性メモリ内の履歴情報を読み出し、あるいは消去するにあたり、その指令信号を、信号線３ａ，３ｂに入力するため、特許文献２で示されたような、メモリアクセスのために特別に設けられたユーザ入力部を信号線３ａ，３ｂに独立して設けないため、部品点数の削減が可能となり、状態検知装置１の小型化および低価格化が可能となる。   According to the present invention, when the history information in the nonvolatile memory is read or erased, the command signal is input to the signal lines 3a and 3b, so that the memory access as shown in Patent Document 2 is performed. In addition, since the user input section provided specially is not provided independently for the signal lines 3a and 3b, the number of parts can be reduced, and the state detection device 1 can be reduced in size and price.

また、特許文献１で用いられたような、メモリ読み出し処理指令のための、機械的なスイッチを必要としないため、部品点数の削減が可能となるとともに、状態検知装置の小型化および低価格化が可能となる。特にこのようなスイッチは、高温雰囲気に暴露され、また、蓄電池からの酸霧と接触するため、動作不良が発生しやすいが、本発明では、機械的なスイッチを必要としないため、状態検知装置の信頼性を向上させることができる。   Further, since a mechanical switch for a memory read processing command as used in Patent Document 1 is not required, the number of parts can be reduced, and the state detection device can be reduced in size and price. Is possible. In particular, such a switch is exposed to a high-temperature atmosphere and is in contact with an acid mist from the storage battery, so that a malfunction is likely to occur. However, in the present invention, since a mechanical switch is not required, the state detection device Reliability can be improved.

また、信号線３ａ，３ｂと、電源線２ａ，２ｂとを兼用することによって、さらに部品点数の削減が可能となるため、状態検知装置１の低価格化の面で、さらに好ましい。   Further, since the signal lines 3a and 3b and the power supply lines 2a and 2b can be used in combination, the number of parts can be further reduced, which is more preferable in terms of cost reduction of the state detection device 1.

図２に例示したような、所定の電圧波形を信号線３ａ，３ｂに加える他の手法として、信号線３ａ，３ｂを蓄電池４に接続した状態とし、蓄電池４を図３に示すような電流パターンによって放電することによってもよい。   As another method of applying a predetermined voltage waveform to the signal lines 3a and 3b as illustrated in FIG. 2, the signal lines 3a and 3b are connected to the storage battery 4, and the storage battery 4 is in a current pattern as shown in FIG. It is good also by discharging by.

このような場合、蓄電池４を公知の電子負荷装置を用いて、図３に示す放電パターンで放電を行うことにより、蓄電池４の信号線３ａ，３ｂに所定の電圧波形を入力することができる。   In such a case, a predetermined voltage waveform can be input to the signal lines 3a and 3b of the storage battery 4 by discharging the storage battery 4 with a discharge pattern shown in FIG.

不揮発性メモリ１１の読み出し、あるいは消去処理を指令するための、所定の電圧波形は、蓄電池４の通常使用時に発生しないパターンとすることが好ましい。本発明例では、信号線３ａ，３ｂが、蓄電池電圧や内部抵抗の検出線と、前記した所定の電圧波形の入力線とを兼用しているためである。例えば、蓄電池４を車両の始動用鉛蓄電池に用いた場合、蓄電池４の信号線３ａ，３ｂには、様々なパターンの電圧波形が入力される。   The predetermined voltage waveform for instructing reading or erasing processing of the nonvolatile memory 11 is preferably a pattern that does not occur during normal use of the storage battery 4. This is because in the example of the present invention, the signal lines 3a and 3b serve as both the storage battery voltage and internal resistance detection lines and the input line having the predetermined voltage waveform. For example, when the storage battery 4 is used as a lead storage battery for starting a vehicle, various patterns of voltage waveforms are input to the signal lines 3 a and 3 b of the storage battery 4.

図４は、蓄電池４を公称電圧１２Ｖの始動用鉛蓄電池に適用し、蓄電池４によって始動用セルモータを駆動してエンジン始動操作を行ったときの、蓄電池４の端子電圧の時間変化を示す例である。蓄電池４は、セルモータ起動直後に大きな電圧低下を経たのち、エンジン始動後は、車両側より充電されるため、その電圧範囲は、凡そ６Ｖ〜１５Ｖ程度の間で脈動する。   FIG. 4 is an example showing the time change of the terminal voltage of the storage battery 4 when the storage battery 4 is applied to a start lead storage battery having a nominal voltage of 12 V, and the start cell motor is driven by the storage battery 4 to perform the engine start operation. is there. The storage battery 4 undergoes a large voltage drop immediately after the start of the cell motor, and is charged from the vehicle side after the engine is started. Therefore, the voltage range pulsates between approximately 6V to 15V.

このような、電圧脈動を、メモリ読み出しあるいは、メモリ消去処理の指令信号として誤判定が行われた場合、不要な、メモリ読み出し操作が行われたり、不用意にメモリが消去されてしまう危険性があるため、上記の各処理の指令信号としての、電圧波形は、想定されうる蓄電池の電圧脈動から明確に区分されることによって、誤判定が発生しないような電圧波形、もしくは検出パターンとすることが必要である。   When such a voltage pulsation is erroneously determined as a command signal for memory read or memory erase processing, there is a risk that an unnecessary memory read operation may be performed or the memory may be erased inadvertently. Therefore, the voltage waveform as a command signal for each of the above processes can be set to a voltage waveform or detection pattern that does not cause erroneous determination by clearly distinguishing from the voltage pulsation of the storage battery that can be assumed. is necessary.

例えば、図２に示した電圧波形（ａ）においては、電圧波形（ａ）を差分することによって、図２の破線で示したような電圧波形（ｂ）を得ることができる。この電圧波形（ｂ）は、電圧測定間隔を１ｍｓｅｃとした場合、差分の測定値が１０回に１回の頻度で、±約２５ｍＶの電圧ピークが現れる。また、この電圧ピークの間には、差分が０となる測定回数が８〜９回出現する。   For example, in the voltage waveform (a) shown in FIG. 2, the voltage waveform (b) as shown by the broken line in FIG. 2 can be obtained by subtracting the voltage waveform (a). In this voltage waveform (b), when the voltage measurement interval is 1 msec, a voltage peak of ± about 25 mV appears with a frequency of the difference measurement value of once every 10 times. In addition, between the voltage peaks, the number of measurements with a difference of 0 appears 8-9 times.

そこで、電圧の検出と電流変化のタイミングが重なる等によって測定誤差が発生する場合も考慮して、例えば、差分の測定値が、±１０ｍＶ 〜±３０ｍＶ 程度の電圧ピーク間に、±５ｍＶ 以下の測定値が８回〜９回出現した状態が、例えば５回繰り返されたことをで、所定の電圧波形（ａ）と電圧波形（ｂ）として検出し、メモリの読み出しあるいは消去処理を行えばよい。このような、検出方法によれば、通常のエンジン始動及びアイドリングや走行時の蓄電池の電圧変化と、所定の電圧波形とを明確に区分できるため、誤判定を防止することができる。   Therefore, considering the case where a measurement error occurs due to the overlap of the voltage detection and the current change timing, for example, the measurement of the difference is a measurement of ± 5 mV or less between the voltage peaks of about ± 10 mV to ± 30 mV. The state where the value appears 8 to 9 times may be detected as a predetermined voltage waveform (a) and a voltage waveform (b), for example, by repeating the state 5 times, and the memory may be read or erased. According to such a detection method, it is possible to clearly distinguish between a normal battery start-up and idling, a voltage change of the storage battery during traveling, and a predetermined voltage waveform, and thus it is possible to prevent erroneous determination.

また、蓄電池を使用することによる、蓄電池の電圧変動と、メモリ読み出しおよび消去処理のための所定の電圧波形とを明確に区分し、誤判定を抑制するために、この所定の電圧波形として、例えば、図５に示した電圧波形（ｃ）を適用することができる。電圧波形（ｃ）は、蓄電池４が、車両に搭載されたオルタネータ等、蓄電池４を使用する機器に設けた充電装置によって充電される際、この電装置の最大充電電圧を越えて高い電圧を含むことができる。   Further, in order to clearly distinguish the voltage fluctuation of the storage battery due to the use of the storage battery and the predetermined voltage waveform for memory reading and erasing processing, and to suppress erroneous determination, as this predetermined voltage waveform, for example, The voltage waveform (c) shown in FIG. 5 can be applied. The voltage waveform (c) includes a high voltage exceeding the maximum charging voltage of the electric device when the storage battery 4 is charged by a charging device provided in a device using the storage battery 4 such as an alternator mounted on a vehicle. be able to.

図５に示した電圧波形は、１２Ｖ鉛蓄電池に適用した例であって、１３．５Ｖ×２０ｍｓｅｃ、１５．７５Ｖ×５ｍｓｅｃ、１３．５Ｖ×５ｍｓｅｃ、１５．７５Ｖ×１０ｍｓｅｃ 、１３．５Ｖ×１０ｍｓｅｃ、１５．７５Ｖ×５ｍｓｅｃ、１３．５Ｖ×５ｍｓｅｃ、１５．７５Ｖ×５ｍｓｅｃ 、１３．５Ｖ×２ｓｅｃの電圧波形で構成される。   The voltage waveform shown in FIG. 5 is an example applied to a 12 V lead-acid battery, and is 13.5 V × 20 msec, 15.75 V × 5 msec, 13.5 V × 5 msec, 15.75 V × 10 msec, 13.5 V × 10 msec, The voltage waveform is 15.75 V × 5 msec, 13.5 V × 5 msec, 15.75 V × 5 msec, 13.5 V × 2 sec.

車両側に搭載されたオルタネータの最大出力電圧は、通常１５．０Ｖ以下であり、前記の電圧波形（ｃ）に含まれた１５．７５Ｖを含まない。したがって、オルタネータが通常に動作している限り、電圧波形中に、蓄電池４に接続されたオルタネータ等の充電装置の最大電圧を含むことにより、蓄電池４の電圧変動と、メモリ読み出しもしくは消去処理のための電圧波形とを誤判定なく、両者を明確に区分して精度よく検出することができる。   The maximum output voltage of the alternator mounted on the vehicle side is normally 15.0 V or less, and does not include 15.75 V included in the voltage waveform (c). Therefore, as long as the alternator is operating normally, the voltage waveform includes the maximum voltage of a charging device such as an alternator connected to the storage battery 4, so that the voltage variation of the storage battery 4 and the memory reading or erasing process can be performed. It is possible to accurately detect and accurately detect the voltage waveform without misjudging the voltage waveform.

但し、何らかの要因によって、オルタネータが故障した場合、蓄電池の充電電圧が異常上昇し、例えば、１６．０Ｖ等の高電圧に上昇する可能性もあるため、前記した電圧波形（ｃ）には、通常の充電電圧よりも高い電圧、例えば１２Ｖ電池においては、１５．７５Ｖとし、この電圧と、通常の充電電圧１３．５〜１４．５Ｖの電圧とを組み合わせることによって、電圧波形と、オルタネータ故障とを明確に区分することができる。   However, if the alternator fails for some reason, the charging voltage of the storage battery will rise abnormally, and may rise to a high voltage such as 16.0 V, for example. For example, in a 12V battery, the voltage is set to 15.75V. By combining this voltage with a normal charging voltage of 13.5 to 14.5V, a voltage waveform and an alternator failure can be obtained. It can be clearly divided.

また、蓄電池が放電中であるのか、あるいは充電中であるのかを蓄電池電圧によって検出し、蓄電池の充電動作あるいは放電動作中は、電圧波形波形の検出をキャンセルすることも、誤判定を抑制する上で非常に好ましい。なお、電圧波形波形の検出にあたって、誤判定が生じない程度の小電流での放電もしくは充電動作である場合には、電圧波形波形の検出を行ってもよい。   It is also possible to detect whether the storage battery is discharging or charging based on the storage battery voltage and cancel the detection of the voltage waveform during the charging or discharging operation of the storage battery. It is very preferable. When detecting the voltage waveform waveform, the voltage waveform waveform may be detected when the discharge or charging operation is performed with a small current that does not cause erroneous determination.

不揮発性メモリ１１からの履歴情報の出力は、個別に外部出力ポートを設けてもよいが、図１に示したように、通信用赤外線ＬＥＤ８を用いて外部出力することができる。通信用赤外線ＬＥＤ８からの発光信号は、適切な受光素子を用いることによって受信し、受信信号をマイコンで取り込み、ＵＳＢ等の公知の通信手段と、公知のデータ読み込みソフトウエアによって、コンピュータのメモリあるいは、ハードディスク等の記憶手段に状態検知装置１内の不揮発性メモリ１１内の履歴情報を保存することができる。   The history information output from the non-volatile memory 11 may be individually provided with an external output port. However, as shown in FIG. 1, it can be output externally using the infrared LED 8 for communication. The light emission signal from the communication infrared LED 8 is received by using an appropriate light receiving element, the received signal is captured by a microcomputer, and a computer memory or a known data reading software and a known data reading software are used. History information in the nonvolatile memory 11 in the state detection device 1 can be stored in a storage means such as a hard disk.

なお、外部通信用素子としての通信用赤外線ＬＥＤ８を、状態検知結果表示のために配置された、ＬＥＤ７と兼用することも可能であり、この場合も部品点数を削減し、状態検知装置１の小型化および低価格化を図ることができる。   The communication infrared LED 8 as an external communication element can also be used as the LED 7 arranged for displaying the state detection result. In this case as well, the number of components is reduced, and the state detection device 1 is reduced in size. And cost reduction.

図６に、本発明の実施の形態における蓄電池の状態検知装置１の動作フローの例を示す。状態検知装置１の信号線３ａ，３ｂおよび電源線２ａ，２ｂに蓄電池４が接続されたことによって，所定電圧が状態検知装置１に印加されたことを検知し、図６のフローを繰り返す。   In FIG. 6, the example of the operation | movement flow of the state detection apparatus 1 of the storage battery in embodiment of this invention is shown. When the storage battery 4 is connected to the signal lines 3a and 3b and the power supply lines 2a and 2b of the state detection device 1, it is detected that a predetermined voltage is applied to the state detection device 1, and the flow of FIG. 6 is repeated.

フローには、蓄電池が放電中や充電中といった、動作状態にあるか否かであることを判断するステップ（Ｓ１）を含むことができる。蓄電池の動作状態の判定は、蓄電池４の電圧変化によって判定することができる。   The flow may include a step (S1) of determining whether or not the storage battery is in an operating state such as discharging or charging. The operation state of the storage battery can be determined by a change in voltage of the storage battery 4.

蓄電池４が動作状態にある場合、前記したように、不揮発性メモリ１１内の履歴情報の読み出しあるいは消去処理を指令するための所定の電圧波形を検出するためのステップ（Ｓ２）をキャンセルすることができ、このような構成によって、動作中の蓄電池の電圧変動を、前記した所定の電圧波形と誤判定することが防止できる。   When the storage battery 4 is in the operating state, as described above, the step (S2) for detecting a predetermined voltage waveform for instructing reading or erasing processing of history information in the nonvolatile memory 11 may be canceled. In addition, with such a configuration, it is possible to prevent erroneous determination of the voltage fluctuation of the operating storage battery as the predetermined voltage waveform.

蓄電池４が動作中であるか否かを判定するステップ（Ｓ１）を含む場合、蓄電池４が動作中でないことを検知した場合に、所定の電圧波形の検出ステップ（Ｓ２）に入る。検出ステップ（Ｓ２）では、不揮発性メモリ１１内の履歴情報の読み出し処理指令に対応する電圧波形と、この履歴情報の消去処理指令に対応する電圧波形とを区分して検出する。なお、本発明は、読み出し処理指令に対応する電圧波形と、履歴情報の消去処理指令に対応する電圧波形の少なくとも一方の電圧波形を検知し、以降の処理を行う。   When the step (S1) for determining whether or not the storage battery 4 is in operation is included, when it is detected that the storage battery 4 is not in operation, a predetermined voltage waveform detection step (S2) is entered. In the detection step (S2), the voltage waveform corresponding to the history information reading process command in the nonvolatile memory 11 and the voltage waveform corresponding to the history information erasing process command are classified and detected. The present invention detects at least one of the voltage waveform corresponding to the read processing command and the voltage waveform corresponding to the history information erasing processing command, and performs the subsequent processing.

すなわち、検出ステップ（Ｓ２）において、履歴情報の読み出し処理指令に対応した電圧波形を検出した場合、外部出力ステップ（Ｓ３）において、不揮発性メモリ１１内の履歴情報を、前記したような通信用赤外線ＬＥＤ８を動作させることによって、赤外光信号として、状態検知装置１より外部に出力することができる。   That is, when a voltage waveform corresponding to the history information reading process command is detected in the detection step (S2), the history information in the nonvolatile memory 11 is converted into the communication infrared ray as described above in the external output step (S3). By operating the LED 8, it can be output from the state detection device 1 to the outside as an infrared light signal.

また、検出ステップ（Ｓ２）において、履歴情報の消去処理指令に対応した電圧波形を検出した場合、不揮発性メモリ１１内の履歴情報の消去処理をメモリ消去ステップ（Ｓ４）で実行すればよい。その後、状態検知ステップ（Ｓ５）によって、蓄電池４の状態検知および履歴情報の不揮発性メモリ１１への書き込み処理が行われる。なお、本発明は、状態検知ステップ（Ｓ５）の構成を規定するものではなく、蓄電池電圧や、内部抵抗値等から蓄電池の残存寿命を検知する等の、公知の蓄電池の状態検知方法を適用することができる。   If a voltage waveform corresponding to the history information erasure processing command is detected in the detection step (S2), the history information erasure processing in the nonvolatile memory 11 may be executed in the memory erasure step (S4). Thereafter, the state detection step (S5) performs state detection of the storage battery 4 and writing of history information to the nonvolatile memory 11. In addition, this invention does not prescribe | regulate the structure of a state detection step (S5), but applies the well-known state detection method of a storage battery, such as detecting the remaining lifetime of a storage battery from storage battery voltage, an internal resistance value, etc. be able to.

前記したような、蓄電池の劣化状態や使用状態を示すパラメータを内部の不揮発性メモリに履歴情報として記憶した蓄電池の状態検知装置において、この不揮発性メモリ内の履歴情報を読み出し処理あるいは、消去処理するにあたり、その指令信号の入力部を個別に設けることなく、蓄電池端子に接続する信号線を、これら指令信号の入力部と兼用することにより、所要部品点数が削減でき、状態検知装置の顕著な、小型化・低価格化および信頼性向上効果が得られる。   In the storage battery state detection device in which the parameters indicating the deterioration state or use state of the storage battery are stored as history information in the internal nonvolatile memory as described above, the history information in the nonvolatile memory is read or erased. At that time, without providing the input part of the command signal individually, by using the signal line connected to the storage battery terminal together with the input part of the command signal, the required number of parts can be reduced, and the state detection device is remarkable. Smaller size, lower price, and improved reliability can be obtained.

本発明は、前記した構成を有することによって、蓄電池の状態検知装置の小型化および低価格化に極めて有効であり、始動用鉛蓄電池や、バックアップ電源用鉛蓄電池をはじめ、様々な用途、形式の蓄電池に好適である。   The present invention is extremely effective for downsizing and cost reduction of the state detection device of the storage battery by having the above-described configuration, and includes various uses and types including a lead storage battery for start-up and a lead storage battery for backup power supply. Suitable for storage batteries.

状態検知装置を示す図Diagram showing the state detection device 電圧波形の例を示す図Diagram showing examples of voltage waveforms 放電電流パターンの例を示す図Diagram showing examples of discharge current patterns 始動用鉛蓄電池の電圧変化の例を示す図The figure which shows the example of the voltage change of the lead storage battery for start 他の電圧波形の例を示す図Diagram showing another example of voltage waveform 状態検知装置の動作フローを示す図The figure which shows the operation flow of the state detection device

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 状態検知装置
２ｐ，２ｎ 電源線
３ｐ，３ｎ 信号線
４ 蓄電池
５ 安定化電源
６ マイコン
７ ＬＥＤ
８ 通信用赤外線ＬＥＤ
９ Ａ／Ｄコンバータ
１０ 演算論理装置
１１ 不揮発性メモリ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 State detection apparatus 2p, 2n Power supply line 3p, 3n Signal line 4 Storage battery 5 Stabilization power supply 6 Microcomputer 7 LED
8 Infrared LED for communication
9 A / D converter 10 Arithmetic logic device 11 Non-volatile memory

Claims (6)

蓄電池の端子間に信号線を介して接続され、前記蓄電池の端子間電圧等の電気的信号に基づいて、前記蓄電池の残存容量や寿命等の状態を表示する、蓄電池の状態検知装置であり、前記状態検知装置の駆動電源は、電源線を介して前記蓄電池より供給され、前記状態検知装置は、前記電気的信号および／もしくは、これから得られた前記蓄電池の状態に関連するパラメータ等の情報を記憶する不揮発性メモリを有し、前記信号線に、所定の電圧波形を印加することにより、前記不揮発性メモリに記憶された情報を外部に出力し、あるいは前記不揮発性メモリに記憶された情報の消去を行う、蓄電池の状態検知装置。 A storage battery state detection device that is connected between terminals of the storage battery via a signal line and that displays the state of the storage battery such as the remaining capacity and life based on an electrical signal such as the voltage between the storage battery terminals, The drive power of the state detection device is supplied from the storage battery via a power line, and the state detection device receives information such as the electrical signal and / or parameters related to the state of the storage battery obtained therefrom. A non-volatile memory for storing, by applying a predetermined voltage waveform to the signal line, the information stored in the non-volatile memory is output to the outside, or the information stored in the non-volatile memory is stored Storage battery state detection device that performs erasure. 前記蓄電池は前記蓄電池を使用する機器に設けた充電装置によって充電され、前記電圧波形は、前記充電装置の最大充電電圧を越えて高い電圧を含むことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の蓄電池の状態検知装置。 The storage battery according to claim 1, wherein the storage battery is charged by a charging device provided in a device using the storage battery, and the voltage waveform includes a high voltage that exceeds a maximum charging voltage of the charging device. Condition detection device. 前記信号線と前記電源線とを共通としたことを特徴とする請求項１もしくは２に記載の蓄電池の状態検知装置。 The storage battery state detection device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the signal line and the power supply line are shared. 前記不揮発性メモリに記憶された前記情報を、光信号として出力する、外部出力用発光デバイスを備えたことを特徴とする請求項１〜３に記載の蓄電池の状態検知装置。 The storage battery state detection device according to claim 1, further comprising an external output light emitting device that outputs the information stored in the nonvolatile memory as an optical signal. 前記蓄電池の状態表示を行う状態表示用発光デバイスを備え、前記状態表示用発光デバイスと前記外部出力用発光デバイスとを兼用したことを特徴とする請求項４に記載の蓄電池の状態検知装置。 5. The storage battery state detection device according to claim 4, further comprising a state display light-emitting device that displays the state of the storage battery, wherein the state display light-emitting device and the external output light-emitting device are also used. 前記蓄電池の動作状態を検出し、前記放電負荷や充電電流が所定量を越える場合、前記電圧波形の検出をキャンセルすることを特徴とする請求項１〜５に記載の蓄電池の状態検知装置。 6. The storage battery state detection device according to claim 1, wherein an operation state of the storage battery is detected, and the detection of the voltage waveform is canceled when the discharge load or the charging current exceeds a predetermined amount.
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