JP2008058085A - Short circuit detection method of battery pack for electric vehicle - Google Patents

Short circuit detection method of battery pack for electric vehicle Download PDF

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JP2008058085A
JP2008058085A JP2006233928A JP2006233928A JP2008058085A JP 2008058085 A JP2008058085 A JP 2008058085A JP 2006233928 A JP2006233928 A JP 2006233928A JP 2006233928 A JP2006233928 A JP 2006233928A JP 2008058085 A JP2008058085 A JP 2008058085A
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leakage
battery
short circuit
load
electric vehicle
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JP4874034B2 (en
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Akinobu Tsunesada
昭伸 常定
Kimihiko Furukawa
公彦 古川
Kunio Tanaka
邦穂 田中
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Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To accurately determine that a short circuit is on the battery-pack side or the load side and improve safety. <P>SOLUTION: The short circuit detection method of a battery pack for an electric vehicle is a method for detecting the short circuit in a battery pack 1 for an electric vehicle in which a load 2 is connected to the output side through a contactor 3. The short circuit is detected under both conditions in which the contactor 3 is turned on and off to distinguish between a short circuit on the battery-pack side and a short circuit on the load side. By a simple method in which the contactor is turned on and off, it is determined that a short circuit part is on which side of the battery pack or load, thereby allowing to repair the short circuit simply and efficiently. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、電動車両に搭載される組電池の漏電を検出する方法に関し、とくに負荷を接続される状態で、漏電が電池組側と負荷側のいずれにあるかを判別する漏電検出方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for detecting a leakage of an assembled battery mounted on an electric vehicle, and more particularly to a leakage detection method for determining whether a leakage is on a battery assembly side or a load side in a state where a load is connected.

電動車両用の組電池は、電圧の高い直流を出力するため、漏電を確実に検出して感電等の弊害を有効に防止できる。組電池の漏電を検出する方法が、本出願人による出願の特許文献1に示すように、開発されている。(特許文献1参照)
特開2005−338010号公報
Since the assembled battery for an electric vehicle outputs a direct current having a high voltage, it is possible to reliably detect a leakage and effectively prevent harmful effects such as an electric shock. A method for detecting leakage of an assembled battery has been developed as shown in Patent Document 1 filed by the present applicant. (See Patent Document 1)
JP 2005-338010 A

特許文献1に記載する漏電検出方法は、複数の電池を直列に接続した電池組の任意の高電圧側と低電圧側の2箇所の電池端子に、直列に接続された漏電検出抵抗Ra、をそれぞれ接続すると共に、それぞれの漏電検出抵抗Ra、の間に漏電検出スイッチSW1、SWを接続しており、tのタイミングで一方の漏電検出スイッチSWを閉じて他方の漏電検出スイッチSWを開き、漏電検出スイッチSWと接続された漏電検出抵抗Rに発生する電圧Vl11(t)を測定し、またtのタイミングでSWを開き、SWを閉じて、漏電検出スイッチSWと接続された漏電検出抵抗Rに発生する電圧Vl12(t)を測定する。さらに、これらの漏電検出抵抗Rを接続した部位である、高電圧側と低電圧側の2箇所の電池端子の電圧Vg11(t)、Vg12(t)を測定し、漏電抵抗の合成値Rを以下の式に基づいて演算する。 The leakage detection method described in Patent Document 1 includes a leakage detection resistor R a connected in series to two battery terminals on any high voltage side and low voltage side of a battery set in which a plurality of batteries are connected in series . R b is connected to each other , and leakage detection switches SW 1 and SW 2 are connected between the respective leakage detection resistors R a and R b , and one leakage detection switch SW 1 is closed at the timing t 1. open the other leakage detection switch SW 2, the voltage V l11 occurring leakage detection resistance R a connected to the leakage detection switch SW 1 a (t 1) was measured, also open the SW 1 at timing t 2, SW 2 to close, to measure the voltage V l12 (t 2) generated in the leakage detection resistance R a connected to the leakage detection switch SW 2. Furthermore, the voltages V g11 (t 1 ) and V g12 (t 2 ) of two battery terminals on the high voltage side and the low voltage side, which are parts where these leakage detection resistances Ra are connected, are measured, and the leakage resistance is measured. Is calculated based on the following equation.

Figure 2008058085
Figure 2008058085

この漏電検出方法は、組電池の漏電を何れの場所からの漏電においても正しく検出できる。しかしながら、この漏電検出方法は、漏電が負荷側にあるのか電池組側にあるのかを判別できない欠点があった。漏電発生点を正しく検出することは、万一故障発生時に故障箇所を特定し、安全性を向上するために必要である。   This leakage detection method can correctly detect the leakage of the assembled battery regardless of the leakage from any location. However, this leakage detection method has a drawback that it cannot be determined whether the leakage is on the load side or the battery assembly side. It is necessary to correctly detect the point of occurrence of electric leakage in order to identify the failure point and improve safety in the event of a failure.

本発明は、さらにこの欠点を解決することを目的に開発されたものである。本発明の重要な目的は、漏電が電池組側にあるのか負荷側にあるのかを正確に判定して安全性を向上できる電動車両用の組電池の漏電検出方法を提供することにある。   The present invention has been developed for the purpose of solving this drawback. An important object of the present invention is to provide an assembled battery leakage detection method for an electric vehicle that can accurately determine whether the leakage is on the battery assembly side or the load side and improve safety.

本発明の電動車両用の組電池の漏電検出方法は、前述の目的を達成するために以下の構成を備える。
電動車両用の組電池の漏電検出方法は、出力側にコンタクタ3を介して負荷2を接続している電動車両用の組電池1の漏電を検出する方法であって、コンタクタ3をオンにする状態とオフにする状態の両方で漏電を検出して、電池組側の漏電と負荷側の漏電を判別する。
The assembled battery leakage detection method for an electric vehicle according to the present invention includes the following configuration in order to achieve the above-described object.
A method for detecting leakage of an assembled battery for an electric vehicle is a method for detecting an electric leakage of the assembled battery 1 for an electric vehicle in which the load 2 is connected to the output side via the contactor 3, and the contactor 3 is turned on. The leakage is detected in both the state and the off state, and the leakage on the battery group side and the leakage on the load side are determined.

本発明の電動車両用の組電池の漏電検出方法は、コンタクタ3をオフに切り換える状態で電池組側の漏電抵抗R1を検出し、コンタクタ3をオンに切り換える状態で電池組側の漏電抵抗R1と負荷側の漏電抵抗R2を検出することができる。   According to the assembled battery leakage detection method for an electric vehicle of the present invention, the leakage resistance R1 on the battery assembly side is detected in a state in which the contactor 3 is switched off, and the leakage resistance R1 on the battery assembly side in the state in which the contactor 3 is switched on. The load-side leakage resistance R2 can be detected.

本発明の漏電検出方法は、電池組側と負荷側の漏電を正確に判定して安全性を向上できる。それは、電池組の出力側に接続しているコンタクタをオフに切り換え、負荷を切り離す状態として、電池組側の漏電を検出し、また、コンタクタをオンに切り換えて負荷を接続する状態で、互いに並列に接続される負荷側と電池組側の漏電抵抗を検出するからである。負荷側と電池組側の漏電を正確に検出できる本発明の漏電検出方法によると、組電池を車両に搭載する状態でメンテナンスを能率よく、安全にできる。それは、漏電部分が特定されることから、漏電部分を明確にできるからである。車両に搭載される組電池は、出力側に接続している長いリード線を介して車両負荷、すなわち直流を交流に変換してモータに供給するコンバータに接続される。リード線は出力コネクタ等を介してコンバータに接続される。組電池の漏電が検出されても、その漏電箇所が電池組側にあるのか、あるいは車両の負荷側にあるのかが判別できないと、漏電部位の特定に極めて手間がかかり、メンテナンスが難しくなる。本発明の漏電検出方法は、コンタクタをオンオフに切り換える簡単な方法で、漏電部位が電池組側と負荷側のいずれにあるのかを判定できるので、漏電の補修を簡単かつ能率よくできる。   The leakage detection method of the present invention can improve safety by accurately determining leakage on the battery assembly side and the load side. This is because the contactor connected to the output side of the battery assembly is switched off and the load is disconnected to detect the leakage on the battery assembly side, and the contactor is switched on and the load is connected to each other in parallel. This is because the leakage resistance on the load side and battery assembly side connected to the battery is detected. According to the leakage detection method of the present invention that can accurately detect the leakage on the load side and the battery assembly side, maintenance can be performed efficiently and safely with the assembled battery mounted on the vehicle. This is because the leakage portion can be clarified because the leakage portion is specified. The assembled battery mounted on the vehicle is connected to a vehicle load, that is, a converter that converts direct current into alternating current and supplies the motor to a motor via a long lead connected to the output side. The lead wire is connected to the converter via an output connector or the like. Even if leakage of the assembled battery is detected, if it is not possible to determine whether the leakage location is on the battery assembly side or on the load side of the vehicle, it is extremely troublesome to specify the leakage location, and maintenance becomes difficult. The leakage detection method of the present invention is a simple method for switching the contactor on and off, and can determine whether the leakage portion is on the battery assembly side or the load side, so that the leakage can be repaired easily and efficiently.

以下、本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。ただし、以下に示す実施例は、本発明の技術思想を具体化するための電動車両用の組電池の漏電検出方法を例示するものであって、本発明は漏電検出方法を以下の方法に特定しない。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the following embodiment exemplifies a method for detecting a leakage of an assembled battery for an electric vehicle for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention specifies the leakage detection method as the following method. do not do.

さらに、この明細書は、特許請求の範囲を理解しやすいように、実施例に示される部材に対応する番号を、「特許請求の範囲」および「課題を解決するための手段の欄」に示される部材に付記している。ただ、特許請求の範囲に示される部材を、実施例の部材に特定するものでは決してない。   Further, in this specification, in order to facilitate understanding of the scope of claims, numbers corresponding to the members shown in the examples are indicated in the “claims” and “means for solving problems” sections. It is added to the members. However, the members shown in the claims are not limited to the members in the embodiments.

図1は、電動車両用の組電池1が車両に搭載される回路図を示す。この回路図において、電動車両用の組電池1は、複数の電池10を直列に接続してなる電池組9の出力側にコンタクタ3を介して負荷2を接続している。負荷2は、大容量のコンデンサを並列に接続しているコンバータ4である。コンバータ4は、電池組9から供給される高電圧の直流を三相の交流に変換し、必要ならば昇圧して、車両を走行させるモータ5に供給する。   FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram in which an assembled battery 1 for an electric vehicle is mounted on a vehicle. In this circuit diagram, an assembled battery 1 for an electric vehicle has a load 2 connected to an output side of a battery set 9 formed by connecting a plurality of batteries 10 in series via a contactor 3. The load 2 is a converter 4 in which a large capacity capacitor is connected in parallel. The converter 4 converts the high-voltage direct current supplied from the battery set 9 into a three-phase alternating current, boosts the voltage if necessary, and supplies it to the motor 5 for running the vehicle.

コンタクタ3は、制御回路6でオンオフに切り換えられる。コンタクタ3は、イグニッションスイッチをオンに切り換えて、車両を走行させる状態でオンに切り換えられて、組電池1からコンバータ4に直流を出力する。イグニッションスイッチがオフに切り換えられるとき、あるいは必要なときにコンタクタ3はオフに切り換えられて、組電池1の出力を遮断する。   The contactor 3 is switched on and off by the control circuit 6. The contactor 3 switches on the ignition switch and is switched on when the vehicle is running, and outputs a direct current from the assembled battery 1 to the converter 4. When the ignition switch is switched off or when necessary, the contactor 3 is switched off to cut off the output of the assembled battery 1.

組電池1と負荷2の漏電は、図2に示すフローチャートで以下のようにして検出される。
[n=1のステップ]
コンタクタ3がオン状態かオフ状態かを判定する。
[n=2のステップ]
コンタクタ3がオフに切り換えられる状態にあると、負荷2が切り離されているので、電池組側の漏電抵抗R1が検出される。
[n=3のステップ]
コンタクタ3がオンに切り換えられる状態にあると、組電池1と負荷2が接続されるので、電池組側の漏電抵抗R1と負荷側の漏電抵抗R2が並列に接続される。したがって、この状態では、電池組側の漏電抵抗R1と、負荷側の漏電抵抗R2の合成抵抗Rtが検出される。
[n=4、5のステップ]
電池組側の漏電抵抗R1と、電池組側の漏電抵抗R1と負荷側の漏電抵抗R2の合成抵抗Rtが検出されているかどうかを判定し、漏電抵抗R1と合成抵抗Rtが検出されていると、漏電抵抗R1と合成抵抗Rtから、負荷側の漏電抵抗R2を演算する。
The leakage of the assembled battery 1 and the load 2 is detected as follows in the flowchart shown in FIG.
[Step of n = 1]
It is determined whether the contactor 3 is on or off.
[Step of n = 2]
When the contactor 3 is switched off, the load 2 is disconnected, so that the leakage resistance R1 on the battery assembly side is detected.
[Step n = 3]
When the contactor 3 is switched on, the assembled battery 1 and the load 2 are connected, so that the leakage resistance R1 on the battery assembly side and the leakage resistance R2 on the load side are connected in parallel. Therefore, in this state, the combined resistance Rt of the leakage resistance R1 on the battery set side and the leakage resistance R2 on the load side is detected.
[Steps n = 4, 5]
It is determined whether the leakage resistance R1 on the battery group side, the combined resistance Rt of the leakage resistance R1 on the battery group side and the leakage resistance R2 on the load side is detected, and the leakage resistance R1 and the combined resistance Rt are detected. Then, the leakage resistance R2 on the load side is calculated from the leakage resistance R1 and the combined resistance Rt.

漏電抵抗R2は、以下の式で演算される。
R2=Rt×R1/(R1−Rt)
The leakage resistance R2 is calculated by the following equation.
R2 = Rt * R1 / (R1-Rt)

漏電抵抗R1が設定抵抗よりも小さい場合は電池組側の漏電と判定する。また、漏電抵抗R2が設定抵抗よりも小さい場合は負荷側の漏電と判定する。   When the leakage resistance R1 is smaller than the set resistance, it is determined that the leakage is on the battery group side. On the other hand, if the leakage resistance R2 is smaller than the set resistance, it is determined that the load side leakage.

漏電抵抗R1と合成抵抗Rtは、本出願人による出願の特開2005−338010号公報に記載されるように、以下の方法で検出する。この検出方法は、図1に示す漏電検出回路11にて漏電抵抗Rlを検出する。   As described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-338010 filed by the present applicant, the leakage resistance R1 and the combined resistance Rt are detected by the following method. In this detection method, the leakage resistance Rl is detected by the leakage detection circuit 11 shown in FIG.

図1に示す漏電検出回路11は、電動車両用の組電池1の漏電を検出するための漏電検出回路であって、複数の電池10を直列に接続した電池組9の任意の高電圧側と低電圧側との2箇所の電池端子A、Bとグランドとの間に、それぞれ直列に接続された漏電検出抵抗Ra、Rbと、高電圧側の電池端子Aでの電圧と低電圧側の電池端子Bでの電圧を測定する電圧検出手段12と、漏電検出抵抗Raに発生する電圧を検出する電圧検出回路13、14と、電圧検出手段12と電圧検出回路13、14の測定値に基づいて漏電抵抗Rlを演算する漏電演算部15とを備える。   The leakage detection circuit 11 shown in FIG. 1 is a leakage detection circuit for detecting leakage of the assembled battery 1 for an electric vehicle, and includes an arbitrary high voltage side of the battery set 9 in which a plurality of batteries 10 are connected in series. The leakage detection resistors Ra and Rb connected in series between the battery terminals A and B at two locations on the low voltage side and the ground, the voltage at the battery terminal A on the high voltage side, and the battery on the low voltage side, respectively. Based on the voltage detection means 12 for measuring the voltage at the terminal B, the voltage detection circuits 13 and 14 for detecting the voltage generated in the leakage detection resistor Ra, and the measured values of the voltage detection means 12 and the voltage detection circuits 13 and 14 A leakage calculation unit 15 for calculating the leakage resistance Rl.

漏電検出抵抗Ra、Rbは、互いに直列に接続された複数の電池10の高電圧側と低電圧側の任意の電池端子A、Bとグランドとの間に接続している。高電圧側に接続される電検出抵抗Ra、Rbには、漏電検出スイッチSW1を直列に接続し、低電圧側に接続される電検出抵抗Ra、Rbには、漏電検出スイッチSW2を直列に接続している。ここで、電池端子A、Bは、電池組の両端子でも良い。A、B点にそれぞれ接続される漏電検出抵抗Ra、Rbの抵抗値はそれぞれ同じとし、漏電検出スイッチSW1、SW2は個別のタイミングで開閉可能とする。   The earth leakage detection resistors Ra and Rb are connected between arbitrary battery terminals A and B on the high voltage side and the low voltage side of the plurality of batteries 10 connected in series with each other and the ground. An electric leakage detection switch SW1 is connected in series to the electric detection resistors Ra and Rb connected to the high voltage side, and an electric leakage detection switch SW2 is connected in series to the electric detection resistors Ra and Rb connected to the low voltage side. is doing. Here, the battery terminals A and B may be both terminals of the battery set. The resistance values of the leakage detection resistors Ra and Rb connected to the points A and B are the same, respectively, and the leakage detection switches SW1 and SW2 can be opened and closed at individual timings.

電圧検出手段12は、時間tのタイミングで、高電圧側の電池端子Aでの電圧をVg11(t)、低電圧側の電池端子Bでの電圧をVg12(t)として測定する。   The voltage detection means 12 measures the voltage at the battery terminal A on the high voltage side as Vg11 (t) and the voltage at the battery terminal B on the low voltage side as Vg12 (t) at time t.

電圧検出回路13は、時間tのタイミングにおいて、一方の漏電検出スイッチSW1を閉じ、他方の漏電検出スイッチSW2を開いた状態における、高電圧側の漏電検出抵抗Raに発生する電圧をVl11(t)として検出する。電圧検出回路14は、時間tのタイミングにおいて、一方の漏電検出スイッチSW1を開き、他方の漏電検出スイッチSW2を閉じた状態における、低電圧側の漏電検出抵抗Raに発生する電圧をVl12(t)として検出する。   At time t, the voltage detection circuit 13 closes one leakage detection switch SW1 and opens the other leakage detection switch SW2. The voltage generated in the leakage detection resistor Ra on the high voltage side is Vl11 (t). Detect as. The voltage detection circuit 14 outputs the voltage generated in the leakage detection resistor Ra on the low voltage side in the state where one leakage detection switch SW1 is opened and the other leakage detection switch SW2 is closed at the timing of time t. Detect as.

漏電演算部15は、異なる時間tを、t1、t2とするとき、以下の数2に基づいて漏電抵抗Rlを演算する。すなわち、t1のタイミングにおいて、高電圧側の電池端子Aでの電圧Vg11(t1)と低電圧側の電池端子Bでの電圧Vg12(t1)を測定すると共に、漏電検出スイッチSW1を閉じて漏電検出スイッチSW2を開き、漏電検出スイッチSW1に接続された漏電検出抵抗Raに発生する電圧Vl11(t1)を測定し、また、t2のタイミングにおいて、高電圧側の電池端子Aでの電圧Vg11(t2)と低電圧側の電池端子Bでの電圧をVg12(t2)を測定すると共に、漏電検出スイッチSW1を開いて漏電検出スイッチSW2を閉じ、漏電検出スイッチSW2に接続された漏電検出抵抗Raに発生する電圧Vl12(t2)を測定し、以下の式に基づいて漏電抵抗Rlを演算する。   The earth leakage calculation unit 15 calculates the earth leakage resistance Rl based on the following equation 2 when different times t are t1 and t2. That is, at the timing t1, the voltage Vg11 (t1) at the battery terminal A on the high voltage side and the voltage Vg12 (t1) at the battery terminal B on the low voltage side are measured, and the leakage detection switch SW1 is closed to detect the leakage. The switch SW2 is opened to measure the voltage Vl11 (t1) generated in the leakage detection resistor Ra connected to the leakage detection switch SW1, and at the timing t2, the voltage Vg11 (t2) at the battery terminal A on the high voltage side is measured. The voltage at the battery terminal B on the low voltage side is measured as Vg12 (t2), and the leakage detection switch SW1 is opened and the leakage detection switch SW2 is closed, and is generated in the leakage detection resistor Ra connected to the leakage detection switch SW2. The voltage Vl12 (t2) is measured, and the leakage resistance Rl is calculated based on the following equation.

Figure 2008058085
Figure 2008058085

以上の漏電検出回路11によって、コンタクタ3をオフに切り換える状態で電池組側の漏電抵抗R1を検出し、また、コンタクタ3をオンに切り換える状態で電池組側の漏電抵抗R1と負荷側の漏電抵抗R2の合成抵抗Rtを検出し、これらの抵抗値から漏電部位が電池組側であるか負荷側であるかを判別する。   The leakage detection circuit 11 detects the leakage resistance R1 on the battery assembly side in a state where the contactor 3 is switched off, and the leakage resistance R1 on the battery assembly side and the leakage resistance on the load side in a state where the contactor 3 is switched on. The combined resistance Rt of R2 is detected, and from these resistance values, it is determined whether the leakage site is on the battery assembly side or the load side.

本発明の電動車両用の組電池の漏電検出方法は、電気自動車やハイブリッド自動車の組電池の漏電検出に好適に利用できる。   The method for detecting leakage of an assembled battery for an electric vehicle according to the present invention can be suitably used for detecting leakage of an assembled battery of an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.

本発明の一実施例にかかる電動車両用の組電池の漏電検出方法を詳述する図であって、電動車両用の組電池が車両に搭載される状態を示すブロック回路図である。BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram detailing a method for detecting leakage of an assembled battery for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is a block circuit diagram illustrating a state in which the assembled battery for the electric vehicle is mounted on the vehicle. 本発明の一実施例にかかる電動車両用の組電池の漏電検出方法を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the leakage detection method of the assembled battery for electric vehicles concerning one Example of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1…組電池
2…負荷
3…コンタクタ
4…コンバータ
5…モータ
6…制御回路
9…電池組
10…電池
11…漏電検出回路
12…電圧検出手段
13…電圧検出回路
14…電圧検出回路
15…漏電検出部
Ra…漏電検出抵抗
Rb…漏電検出抵抗
SW1…漏電検出スイッチ
SW2…漏電検出スイッチ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Battery assembly 2 ... Load 3 ... Contactor 4 ... Converter 5 ... Motor 6 ... Control circuit 9 ... Battery assembly 10 ... Battery 11 ... Electric leakage detection circuit 12 ... Voltage detection means 13 ... Voltage detection circuit 14 ... Voltage detection circuit 15 ... Electric leakage Detector Ra ... Earth leakage detection resistor Rb ... Earth leakage detection resistor SW1 ... Earth leakage detection switch SW2 ... Earth leakage detection switch

Claims (2)

出力側にコンタクタ(3)を介して負荷(2)を接続している電動車両用の組電池(1)の漏電を検出する方法であって、コンタクタ(3)をオンにする状態とオフにする状態の両方で漏電を検出して、電池組側の漏電と負荷側の漏電を判別する電動車両用の組電池の漏電検出方法。   A method for detecting leakage of an assembled battery (1) for an electric vehicle having a load (2) connected to the output side via a contactor (3), wherein the contactor (3) is turned on and off. A leakage detection method for an assembled battery for an electric vehicle that detects leakage in both of the states to be detected to determine leakage on the battery assembly side and leakage on the load side. コンタクタ(3)をオフに切り換える状態で電池組側の漏電抵抗R1を検出し、コンタクタ(3)をオンに切り換える状態で電池組側の漏電抵抗R1と負荷側の漏電抵抗R2を検出する請求項1に記載される電動車両用の組電池の漏電検出方法。
The battery assembly side leakage resistance R1 is detected with the contactor (3) switched off, and the battery assembly side leakage resistance R1 and the load side leakage resistance R2 are detected with the contactor (3) switched on. 1. A leakage detection method for an assembled battery for an electric vehicle according to 1.
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