JP2008042894A - Circularly polarized wave antenna - Google Patents

Circularly polarized wave antenna Download PDF

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JP2008042894A
JP2008042894A JP2007169853A JP2007169853A JP2008042894A JP 2008042894 A JP2008042894 A JP 2008042894A JP 2007169853 A JP2007169853 A JP 2007169853A JP 2007169853 A JP2007169853 A JP 2007169853A JP 2008042894 A JP2008042894 A JP 2008042894A
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circularly polarized
absolute value
group
polarized antenna
antenna
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JP4853401B2 (en
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Tomoyuki Ogawa
智之 小川
Takeshi Takei
健 武井
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Hitachi Cable Ltd
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a circularly polarized wave antenna of a small size having high flexibility in design, which has been desired in the conventional art. <P>SOLUTION: The invention relates to the circularly polarized wave antenna including a group of metallic conductors and a power feed section, wherein projections on two axes, spatially orthogonal to each other, of an electric current induced in the group of metallic conductors have substantially equal absolute values and an absolute value of a deflection angle difference is approximately 90°. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、衛星通信等の無線システムに利用される円偏波アンテナに関する。   The present invention relates to a circularly polarized antenna used in a radio system such as satellite communication.

ＧＰＳ（Global Positioning System）と呼ばれる位置検出システムや、衛星ラジオ放送などは、円偏波を用いる無線システムである。これらの無線システムに対応する送受信機は、通常、円偏波アンテナを備えている。   A position detection system called GPS (Global Positioning System), satellite radio broadcasting, and the like are wireless systems using circularly polarized waves. A transceiver corresponding to these wireless systems usually includes a circularly polarized antenna.

円偏波アンテナの代表例として、非特許文献１に記載されている一点給電型マイクロストリップアンテナが知られている。同アンテナは、縮退分離素子を設けることで空間的に直交する２つのモードを生成し、円偏波を送受信している。同アンテナの電気的寸法は、一辺の長さが使用波長の概１／２であり、例えばＧＰＳで用いられる１５７５ＭＨｚでは、およそ９５ｍｍである。同サイズは、モバイル送受信機用のアンテナとしては大きいため、セラミック等の高誘電材料を用いて小型化して、広く実用化されている。   As a typical example of a circularly polarized antenna, a single-point feed type microstrip antenna described in Non-Patent Document 1 is known. The antenna generates two modes that are spatially orthogonal by providing degenerate separation elements, and transmits and receives circularly polarized waves. The electrical dimension of the antenna is such that the length of one side is approximately ½ of the wavelength used, and is approximately 95 mm at 1575 MHz used in GPS, for example. Since this size is large as an antenna for a mobile transceiver, it has been widely put into practical use by downsizing using a high dielectric material such as ceramic.

モバイル送受信機には小型の円偏波アンテナが求められるため、これまでに様々な小型の円偏波アンテナが検討されてきた。例えば、特許文献１、２に記載される方法がある。   Since small circularly polarized antennas are required for mobile transceivers, various small circularly polarized antennas have been studied so far. For example, there are methods described in Patent Documents 1 and 2.

特許文献１では、互いに直交して位相の異なる２つの共振モード方向に対して、±４５度で直交する直線方向の導体両端に切込みを形成し、上記共振モード方向に対し±４５度で直交する直線のいずれかと給電点の偏位方向を一致させることで、共振周波数を下げ同一周波数におけるアンテナ寸法を縮小している。   In Patent Document 1, cuts are formed at both ends of a linear conductor perpendicular to each other by ± 45 degrees with respect to two resonance mode directions orthogonal to each other and orthogonal to each other, and perpendicular to the resonance mode directions at ± 45 degrees. By matching the deviation direction of the feed point with one of the straight lines, the resonant frequency is lowered and the antenna size at the same frequency is reduced.

特許文献２では、ループを基本素子とする線状アンテナ素子を用いることでアンテナを小型化している。   In Patent Document 2, the antenna is miniaturized by using a linear antenna element having a loop as a basic element.

特開平０５−１５２８３０号公報JP 05-152830 A 特開平０８−０５１３１２号公報Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 08-051312 羽石ほか、小型・平面アンテナ、（社）電子情報通信学会編、コロナ社、1996年、p.142-164Haneishi et al., Small and flat antenna, edited by IEICE, Corona, 1996, p.142-164 新井、新アンテナ工学、総合電子出版社、2001年、p.9Arai, New Antenna Engineering, General Electronic Publishing Company, 2001, p.9

特許文献１に記載される方法では、円偏波の送受信に必要な空間的に直交する２つのモードを保持したままの小型化が可能であるが、インピーダンスの調整に難しさがあった。リアクタンスを調整する方法は示されているものの、レジスタンスの調整には試行錯誤を重ねる必要があった。   In the method described in Patent Document 1, it is possible to reduce the size while maintaining two spatially orthogonal modes necessary for transmission and reception of circularly polarized waves, but there is a difficulty in adjusting the impedance. Although a method for adjusting the reactance is shown, adjustment of the resistance requires trial and error.

特許文献２に記載される方法では、角型ループ素子のアスペクト比及び素子とグランドとの距離を調整することで円偏波を送受信できるものの、インピーダンスの調整に難しさがあった。放射素子の一部にリアクタンスを装荷してインピーダンスを調整する方法、複数の放射素子を並列接続してインピーダンスを調整する方法が述べられているが、結果として小型化が妨げられるという問題があった。   Although the method described in Patent Document 2 can transmit and receive circularly polarized waves by adjusting the aspect ratio of the square loop element and the distance between the element and the ground, there is a difficulty in adjusting the impedance. A method of adjusting the impedance by loading reactance on a part of the radiating element, and a method of adjusting the impedance by connecting a plurality of radiating elements in parallel have been described. As a result, there was a problem that miniaturization was hindered. .

以上のことから、小型で設計自由度の高い円偏波アンテナが望まれている。   In view of the above, a circularly polarized antenna having a small size and a high degree of design freedom is desired.

そこで、本発明の目的は、上記課題を解決し、小型で設計自由度の高い、高機能の円偏波アンテナを提供することにある。   Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems and provide a highly functional circularly polarized antenna having a small size and a high degree of design freedom.

上記の目的を達成するために、請求項１の発明は、一群の金属導体と一つの給電部から構成され、上記一群の金属導体に励起される電流の、空間的に互いに直交する２軸への射影が、その絶対値が概等しく、偏角の差の絶対値が概９０度であることを特徴とする円偏波アンテナである。   In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention of claim 1 is composed of a group of metal conductors and one power feeding portion, and currents excited by the group of metal conductors are spatially orthogonal to two axes. The circularly polarized antenna is characterized in that the absolute values thereof are substantially equal and the absolute value of the difference in declination is approximately 90 degrees.

円偏波の送受信には、円偏波の到来方向に垂直な面において、金属導体に励起される電流の、空間的に互いに直交する２軸への射影が、その絶対値が概等しく、偏角の差の絶対値が概９０度であることが必要である。   In the transmission and reception of circularly polarized waves, the absolute value of the projection of the current excited by the metal conductor on the two axes perpendicular to each other in the plane perpendicular to the direction of arrival of the circularly polarized waves is almost equal. The absolute value of the angle difference needs to be approximately 90 degrees.

アンテナの放射特性は、非特許文献２等に記載されるように、金属導体に流れる各電流からの放射特性を各々計算して、各計算結果を重ね合わせることで求められる。しかしながら、地上と衛星間のような、極めて遠方の放射界を考える場合には、アンテナサイズは相対的に極めて小さくなり、衛星から見てアンテナは点であると考えられる。このような場合には、放射界の強度及び位相は、アンテナを構成する一群の金属導体に流れる各電流の総和にて決定される。すなわち、放射界の強度は各電流の総和の強度に比例し、放射界の位相は各電流の総和の位相に等しくなる。本発明の円偏波アンテナは、以上の観点から、一群の金属導体に励起される電流の、空間的に互いに直交する２軸への射影が、その絶対値が概等しく、偏角の差の絶対値が概９０度とすることで、円偏波を送受信している。   As described in Non-Patent Document 2 and the like, the radiation characteristics of the antenna can be obtained by calculating the radiation characteristics from each current flowing in the metal conductor and superimposing the calculation results. However, when considering a very far radiation field, such as between the ground and a satellite, the antenna size is relatively small, and the antenna is considered to be a point when viewed from the satellite. In such a case, the intensity and phase of the radiation field are determined by the sum of the currents flowing through the group of metal conductors constituting the antenna. That is, the intensity of the radiation field is proportional to the intensity of the sum of the currents, and the phase of the radiation field is equal to the phase of the sum of the currents. From the above viewpoint, the circularly polarized antenna according to the present invention projects the current excited by a group of metal conductors onto two spatially orthogonal axes, the absolute values of which are approximately equal, By making the absolute value approximately 90 degrees, circularly polarized waves are transmitted and received.

請求項１に係る円偏波アンテナは、上記一群の金属導体に励起される複数の電流により円偏波を送受信するという、従来の一点給電型マイクロストリップアンテナとは異なる原理に基づいた円偏波アンテナであり、以下の発明にて述べられるような、これまでにない利点を持った円偏波アンテナを提供する。   The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1 is based on a principle different from that of a conventional single-point feed microstrip antenna that transmits and receives circularly polarized waves by a plurality of currents excited by the group of metal conductors. Provided is a circularly polarized antenna having an unprecedented advantage as described in the following invention.

また、請求項２の発明は、請求項１の円偏波アンテナであって、一群の金属導体の外形が電気長ａとｂの辺からなる矩形であるものである。   The invention of claim 2 is the circularly polarized antenna of claim 1, wherein the outer shape of the group of metal conductors is a rectangle having sides of electrical lengths a and b.

広く実用化されている、上記一点給電型マイクロストリップアンテナと比べて、一群の金属導体の外形が、必ずしも概正方形である必要がなく、送受信機およびアンテナを備えた受信モジュールの形状の自由度を増す効果がある。   Compared to the single-point feed microstrip antenna, which is widely used, the outer shape of the group of metal conductors does not necessarily have to be a square, and the shape of the receiving module including the transceiver and the antenna can be increased. There is an increase effect.

請求項３の発明は、請求項２の円偏波アンテナであって、１つの周波数の円偏波を送受信するためのアンテナである場合、電気長ａとｂとの和が、送受信周波数における波長の０．４倍以上、０．６５倍以下の範囲内であることを特徴とするものである。   The invention according to claim 3 is the circularly polarized antenna according to claim 2, wherein the sum of the electrical lengths a and b is the wavelength at the transmission / reception frequency when the antenna is for transmitting / receiving circular polarization of one frequency. It is characterized by being within the range of 0.4 times or more and 0.65 times or less.

本発明は、短形中に微細構造によって１／２波長あるいは１／４波長の共振経路を形成できるため、電気長ａとｂとの和が使用波長の概１／２以下とすることができる。   In the present invention, a resonance path having a ½ wavelength or a ¼ wavelength can be formed in a short shape by a fine structure, so that the sum of the electrical lengths a and b can be approximately ½ or less of the wavelength used. .

広く実用化されている、一辺の長さが使用波長の概１／２である一点給電型マイクロストリップアンテナと比べて、十分に小型であり、送受信機およびアンテナを備えた受信モジュールの小型化に効果がある。   Compared with the single-feed type microstrip antenna, which is widely used in practice and has a side length of approximately half of the wavelength used, it is sufficiently small in size, and can be used for downsizing of receiver modules equipped with transceivers and antennas. effective.

請求項４の発明は、請求項２の円偏波アンテナであって、異なる複数の周波数の円偏波を送受信するためのアンテナである場合、電気長ａとｂとの和が、各送受信周波数における波長の０．８倍以上、１．６倍以下の範囲内であることを特徴とするものである。   The invention according to claim 4 is the circularly polarized antenna according to claim 2, wherein the sum of the electrical lengths a and b is the transmission / reception frequency when transmitting and receiving circularly polarized waves having different frequencies. It is characterized by being in the range of 0.8 times or more and 1.6 times or less of the wavelength.

一つのアンテナにて、異なる複数の周波数の円偏波を送受信することができ、送受信機の高機能化、アンテナ周辺部の簡略化に効果がある。   A single antenna can transmit and receive circularly polarized waves of a plurality of different frequencies, which is effective in enhancing the functionality of the transceiver and simplifying the periphery of the antenna.

請求項５の発明は、請求項４の円偏波アンテナであって、異なる複数の周波数のうち２つの周波数が近接していると共に、該２つの周波数の間の全ての周波数において円偏波を送受信することを特徴とする円偏波アンテナである。   The invention according to claim 5 is the circularly polarized antenna according to claim 4, wherein two of a plurality of different frequencies are close to each other, and circular polarization is performed at all frequencies between the two frequencies. It is a circularly polarized antenna characterized by transmitting and receiving.

一つのアンテナにて、広い周波数帯域の円偏波の送受信ができ、送受信機の高性能化に好適である。   A single antenna can transmit and receive a circularly polarized wave in a wide frequency band, which is suitable for improving the performance of the transceiver.

請求項６の発明は、請求項４または５の円偏波アンテナであって、送受信する一つの周波数の円偏波が右旋円偏波であり、もう一つの周波数の円偏波が左旋円偏波であることを特徴とするものである。   The invention according to claim 6 is the circularly polarized antenna according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the circularly polarized wave of one frequency to be transmitted and received is a right-handed circularly polarized wave, and the circularly polarized wave of the other frequency is a left-handed circle. It is characterized by being polarized.

一つのアンテナにて、右旋円偏波と左旋円偏波を送受信することができ、送受信機の高機能化、アンテナ周辺部の簡略化に効果がある。   A single antenna can transmit and receive right-hand circularly polarized waves and left-handed circularly polarized waves, which is effective in improving the functionality of the transceiver and simplifying the periphery of the antenna.

請求項７の発明は、請求項１乃至３の円偏波アンテナであって、一群の金属導体が一群の方形セグメントからなり、金属導体の構造を変更し、セグメントに励起される電流を計算し、電流の空間的に互いに直交する２軸への射影について絶対値と偏角を計算し、その絶対値が概等しく、偏角の差の絶対値が概９０度となるまで構造変更と計算とを繰り返すことによって設計されることを特徴とする、ものである。   The invention of claim 7 is the circularly polarized antenna according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the group of metal conductors consists of a group of square segments, the structure of the metal conductors is changed, and the current excited by the segments is calculated. Calculate the absolute value and declination for the projection of current on two axes orthogonal to each other spatially, change the structure and calculate until the absolute value is approximately equal and the absolute value of the difference between declinations is approximately 90 degrees. It is characterized by being designed by repeating.

請求項８の発明は、請求項４乃至６の円偏波アンテナであって、一群の金属導体が一群の方形セグメントからなり、金属導体の構造を変更して、異なる複数の周波数それぞれにおいて、セグメントに励起される電流を計算し、電流の空間的に互いに直交する２軸への射影について絶対値と偏角を計算し、その絶対値が概等しく、偏角の差の絶対値が概９０度となるまで構造変更と計算とを繰り返すことによって設計されることを特徴とするものである。   The invention of claim 8 is the circularly polarized antenna according to claims 4 to 6, wherein the group of metal conductors is composed of a group of square segments, and the structure of the metal conductors is changed so that the segments are respectively in different frequencies. The absolute value and the declination are calculated for the projection of the current onto two axes that are spatially orthogonal to each other, the absolute values are approximately equal, and the absolute value of the declination difference is approximately 90 degrees. It is designed by repeating structure change and calculation until it becomes.

請求項７，８に係る円偏波アンテナは、計算機を用いて自動設計が可能であり、各仕様に応じた設計が短時間に且つ容易にできる。   The circularly polarized antenna according to claims 7 and 8 can be automatically designed using a computer, and can be designed in a short time and easily according to each specification.

本発明は、小型で設計自由度の高い、高機能の円偏波アンテナを実現できる。   The present invention can realize a high-performance circularly polarized antenna with a small size and a high degree of design freedom.

以下、本発明の第一の実施形態を、添付図面に基づいて説明する。   DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図１は、本実施形態の円偏波アンテナＡ１の構造を示す図である。円偏波アンテナＡ１は、一群の金属導体１と一つの給電部２から構成されており、ＧＰＳで用いられる１５７５ＭＨｚの右旋円偏波を送受信するものである。金属導体１の外形は、電気長がそれぞれ４８ｍｍの四角形であり、上記周波数にて各辺の和は送受信周波数における波長（使用波長＝１９０ｍｍ）の概１／２である。一群の金属導体は３ｍｍ角の金属導体の集合により構成されている。小型で薄型であり、モバイル送受信機に搭載して好適である。   FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the structure of a circularly polarized antenna A1 according to this embodiment. The circularly polarized antenna A1 is composed of a group of metal conductors 1 and a single power feeding unit 2, and transmits and receives a 1575 MHz right-handed circularly polarized wave used in GPS. The outer shape of the metal conductor 1 is a square having an electrical length of 48 mm, and the sum of each side at the above frequency is approximately half of the wavelength at the transmission / reception frequency (use wavelength = 190 mm). The group of metal conductors is composed of a set of 3 mm square metal conductors. It is small and thin, and is suitable for mounting on a mobile transceiver.

図２、図３は、本実施形態のアンテナの設計方法を説明するための図である。   2 and 3 are diagrams for explaining an antenna design method according to the present embodiment.

まず、図２に示すように、アンテナを構成する領域を、３ｍｍ角のセグメント３に分解し、各セグメント間に電流４を仮定する。電流４は少なくとも２方向以上を仮定する。さらに、直交する２軸x、yを定義する。   First, as shown in FIG. 2, the region constituting the antenna is divided into 3 mm square segments 3, and a current 4 is assumed between the segments. The current 4 is assumed to be at least two directions. Further, two orthogonal axes x and y are defined.

次に、図３のフローチャートに示されるように、アンテナ構造がランダムに選択される（Ｓ１）。一群の金属導体１は、全体から２０〜７０％の３ｍｍ角の金属導体をランダムに除去することで生成される。一つの給電部２は、隣り合う３ｍｍ角の金属導体のいずれかの場所に、ランダムに配置される。さらに、上記アンテナに流れる電流iが少なくとも２方向以上の電流を仮定するモーメント法を用いて導出される（Ｓ２）。ベクトルiの各要素i1〜inは少なくとも一つの互いに直交する２軸x、yに射影され（Ｓ３）、各要素がそれぞれx1〜xn及びy1〜ynであるときのx1〜xnの総和の絶対値とy1〜ynの総和の絶対値が計算され（Ｓ４）、x1〜xnの総和の偏角とy1〜ynの総和の偏角とが計算され（Ｓ５）、電圧定在波比が計算され（Ｓ６）、設計目標が達成されているかどうか判定され（Ｓ７）、設計目標が達成されていればアンテナ構造並びにその特性を出力（Ｓ８）して終了し、達成されていなければ Ｓ１〜Ｓ７を繰り返す。設計目標は、x1〜xnの総和の絶対値とy1〜ynの総和の絶対値とが概等しく、x1〜xnの総和の偏角とy1〜ynの総和の偏角との差の絶対値が概９０度である。上記の目標に加えて、電圧定在波比が所定の値より小さいことを設計目標とすることも可能である。本実施形態では、１５７５ＭＨｚにおいて、円偏波性能を示す軸比が３ｄＢ以下であり、且つ給電部のインピーダンスを５０オームとしたときの電圧定在波比が３以下になるよう設計した。 Next, as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3, an antenna structure is randomly selected (S1). The group of metal conductors 1 is generated by randomly removing 20 to 70% of 3 mm square metal conductors from the whole. One power supply unit 2 is randomly arranged at any location of adjacent 3 mm square metal conductors. Furthermore, the current i flowing through the antenna is derived using a moment method assuming currents in at least two directions (S2). Each element i 1 through i n vector i at least one two orthogonal axes x each other, are projected to y (S3), x 1 when each element is x 1 ~x n and y 1 ~y n respectively the absolute value of the sum of the absolute values and the y 1 ~y n of the sum of ~x n is calculated (S4), argument and calculation of the sum of deflection angles and y 1 ~y n the sum of x 1 ~x n (S5), the voltage standing wave ratio is calculated (S6), it is determined whether the design goal is achieved (S7), and if the design goal is achieved, the antenna structure and its characteristics are output (S8). If not, repeat steps S1 to S7. Design goal, x 1 the absolute value of the sum of the absolute values and the y 1 ~y n of the sum of ~x n are equal approximate, polarization of the sum of deflection angles and y 1 ~y n the sum of x 1 ~x n The absolute value of the difference from the corner is approximately 90 degrees. In addition to the above target, the design target can be that the voltage standing wave ratio is smaller than a predetermined value. In this embodiment, at 1575 MHz, the axial ratio indicating the circular polarization performance is 3 dB or less, and the voltage standing wave ratio is 3 or less when the impedance of the power feeding unit is 50 ohms.

上記のフローチャートにより、計算機を用いた自動設計が可能であり、各仕様に応じた円偏波アンテナを、短時間に且つ容易に設計することができる。また、この方法を用いることにより、aとbの和が使用波長の０．４倍以上０．６５倍以下の範囲内に収まるように円偏波アンテナを小型化できることが計算と実験により確認された。   According to the above flowchart, automatic design using a computer is possible, and a circularly polarized antenna according to each specification can be designed in a short time and easily. Moreover, it has been confirmed by calculation and experiment that the circularly polarized antenna can be miniaturized by using this method so that the sum of a and b falls within the range of 0.4 to 0.65 times the wavelength used. It was.

具体的に、１つの周波数の円偏波アンテナを送受信するためのアンテナを計算機により設計を行った結果では、x1〜xnの総和の絶対値とy1〜ynの総和の絶対値とが等しく、かつx1〜xnの総和の偏角とy1〜ynの総和の偏角との差の絶対値が９０度となるときに、a+bの和が使用波長の０．４倍となることを確認できた。
また、x1〜xnの総和の絶対値とy1〜ynの総和の絶対値との比率が０．８倍(または１．２５倍)、かつx1〜xnの総和の偏角とy1〜ynの総和の偏角との差の絶対値が７０度(または１１０度)となるときに、a+bの和が使用波長の０．６５倍となることを確認できた。
つまり、x1〜xnの総和の絶対値とy1〜ynの総和の絶対値との比率が１倍(等しく)、かつx1〜xnの総和の偏角とy1〜ynの総和の偏角との差の絶対値が９０度となるように設計することによって、軸比を小さくし、かつアンテナサイズの小型化も可能となる。 Specifically, in the results of the design by the antenna for transmitting and receiving a single circularly polarized antenna of the frequency calculator, and the absolute value of the sum of the absolute values and the y 1 ~y n the sum of x 1 ~x n 0 are equal, and x 1 when the absolute value of the difference between the polarization angle of the sum of the argument and y 1 ~y n of the sum of ~x n is 90 degrees, the sum of a + b is the wavelength used. It was confirmed that the ratio was 4 times.
Further, x 1 ~x n absolute value y 1 ~y n is 0.8 times the ratio of the absolute value of the sum of the sum of (or 1.25 times), and the argument of the sum of x 1 ~x n It was confirmed that the sum of a + b was 0.65 times the wavelength used when the absolute value of the difference between the deviation angle of the sum of y 1 and y n was 70 degrees (or 110 degrees) .
That, x 1 ~x n absolute value y 1 ~y n is 1 times the ratio of the absolute value of the sum of the sum of (equal), and x 1 ~x argument of the sum of n and y 1 ~y n By designing so that the absolute value of the difference between the sum and the declination is 90 degrees, the axial ratio can be reduced and the antenna size can be reduced.

図４は、図１の第一の実施形態の円偏波アンテナＡ１の軸比および電圧定在波比である。１５７５ＭＨｚにおいて、軸比が３ｄＢ以下、電圧定在波比が３以下であり、本実施形態のアンテナは円偏波の良好な送受信が可能である。   FIG. 4 shows the axial ratio and voltage standing wave ratio of the circularly polarized antenna A1 of the first embodiment of FIG. At 1575 MHz, the axial ratio is 3 dB or less and the voltage standing wave ratio is 3 or less, and the antenna of this embodiment can transmit and receive circularly polarized waves satisfactorily.

次に、本発明の第二の実施形態を添付図面に基づいて説明する。   Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the attached drawings.

図５は、本実施形態の円偏波アンテナＡ２の構造を示す図である。円偏波アンテナＡ２は、一群の金属導体１と一つの給電部２から構成されており、ＧＰＳで用いられる１５７５ＭＨｚの右旋円偏波を送受信するものである。金属導体１の外形は、それぞれ３２ｍｍ、６４ｍｍの長方形であり、上記周波数にて各辺の和は使用波長の概１／２である。一群の金属導体は４ｍｍ角の金属導体の集合により構成されている。図３のフローチャートにより設計され、１５７５ＭＨｚにおける軸比が３ｄＢ以下になるよう設計された。   FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the structure of the circularly polarized antenna A2 of the present embodiment. The circularly polarized antenna A2 is composed of a group of metal conductors 1 and a single power feeding unit 2, and transmits and receives a 1575 MHz right-handed circularly polarized wave used in GPS. The outer shape of the metal conductor 1 is a rectangle of 32 mm and 64 mm, respectively, and the sum of each side at the above frequency is approximately ½ of the wavelength used. The group of metal conductors is constituted by a set of 4 mm square metal conductors. Designed according to the flowchart of FIG. 3, the axial ratio at 1575 MHz is designed to be 3 dB or less.

本実施形態の円偏波アンテナは、小型で薄型であり、モバイル送受信機に搭載して好適である。また、その外形が正方形でなく長方形であるため、モバイル送受信機への搭載自由度が高まっている。   The circularly polarized antenna of the present embodiment is small and thin, and is suitable for being mounted on a mobile transceiver. Moreover, since the outer shape is rectangular instead of square, the degree of freedom of mounting on a mobile transceiver is increasing.

図６は、図５の第二の実施形態の円偏波アンテナＡ２の軸比である。１５７５ＭＨｚにおいて、軸比が３ｄＢ以下であり、第二の実施形態のアンテナは円偏波の良好な送受信が可能である。   FIG. 6 is an axial ratio of the circularly polarized antenna A2 of the second embodiment of FIG. At 1575 MHz, the axial ratio is 3 dB or less, and the antenna of the second embodiment can transmit and receive circularly polarized waves.

次に、本発明の第三の実施形態を添付図面に基づいて説明する。   Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図７は、本実施形態の円偏波アンテナＡ３の構造を示す図である。円偏波アンテナＡ３は、一群の金属導体１と一つの給電部２から構成されており、ＧＰＳで用いられる１５７５ＭＨｚの右旋円偏波と衛星ラジオ放送で用いられる２３００ＭＨｚの左旋円偏波を送受信するものである。金属導体１の外形は、電気長がそれぞれ１００ｍｍの四角形である。一群の金属導体は１０ｍｍ角の金属導体の集合により構成されている。   FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the structure of the circularly polarized antenna A3 of the present embodiment. The circularly polarized antenna A3 is composed of a group of metal conductors 1 and a single power feeding unit 2, and transmits and receives a 1575 MHz right-handed circularly polarized wave used in GPS and a 2300 MHz left-handed circularly polarized wave used in satellite radio broadcasting. To do. The outer shape of the metal conductor 1 is a quadrangle with an electrical length of 100 mm. A group of metal conductors is composed of a set of 10 mm square metal conductors.

図８は、本実施形態のアンテナの設計方法を説明するためのフローチャートであり、図３のフローチャートに示される処理を、異なる２つの周波数において実行している。Ｓ２からＳ６により、第一の周波数における特性を求め、Ｓ７からＳ１１により、第二の周波数における特性を求めている。１５７５ＭＨｚにおいて右旋円偏波を送受信し、軸比が３ｄＢ以下、給電部のインピーダンスを５０オームとしたときの電圧定在波比が４以下になるようにＳ２からＳ６の処理が実行された。さらに、２３００ＭＨｚにおいて左旋円偏波を送受信し、軸比が３ｄＢ以下、給電部のインピーダンスを５０オームとしたときの電圧定在波比が４以下になるようにＳ７からＳ１１の処理が実行された。   FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining the antenna design method of this embodiment, and the processing shown in the flowchart of FIG. 3 is executed at two different frequencies. The characteristics at the first frequency are obtained from S2 to S6, and the characteristics at the second frequency are obtained from S7 to S11. The processing from S2 to S6 was performed so that the right-handed circularly polarized wave was transmitted and received at 1575 MHz, the axial ratio was 3 dB or less, and the voltage standing wave ratio was 4 or less when the impedance of the power feeding unit was 50 ohms. Furthermore, the processing from S7 to S11 was executed so that the left-handed circularly polarized wave was transmitted and received at 2300 MHz, the axial ratio was 3 dB or less, and the voltage standing wave ratio was 4 or less when the impedance of the power feeding unit was 50 ohms. .

図９は、図７の本実施形態の円偏波アンテナＡ３の軸比および電圧定在波比である。１５７５ＭＨｚと２３００ＭＨｚの両方において、軸比が３ｄＢ以下、電圧定在波比が４以下であり、本実施形態の円偏波アンテナは円偏波の良好な送受信が可能である。   FIG. 9 shows the axial ratio and voltage standing wave ratio of the circularly polarized antenna A3 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. In both 1575 MHz and 2300 MHz, the axial ratio is 3 dB or less and the voltage standing wave ratio is 4 or less, and the circularly polarized antenna of this embodiment can transmit and receive circularly polarized waves satisfactorily.

第三の実施形態のアンテナは、一つのアンテナで２つの周波数の円偏波を送受信することができるため、モバイル送受信機の高機能化に好適であり、アンテナ周辺部の簡略化にも効果がある。   Since the antenna of the third embodiment can transmit and receive circularly polarized waves of two frequencies with one antenna, it is suitable for enhancing the functionality of a mobile transceiver, and also effective for simplification of the periphery of the antenna. is there.

次に、本発明の第四の実施形態を添付図面に基づいて説明する。   Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図１０は、本実施形態の円偏波アンテナＡ４の構造を示す図である。円偏波アンテナＡ４は、一群の金属導体１と一つの給電部２から構成されており、近接する２つの周波数３．５ＧＨｚと４．５ＧＨｚの間の周波数において、円偏波を送受信するものである。ここで、「近接する」とは、２つの周波数をｆ１、ｆ２（ｆ１＜ｆ２）としたとき、ｆ１、ｆ２とその中心周波数ｆ３（＝（ｆ１＋ｆ２）／２）とが、およそ、ｆ２−ｆ１≦０．２５×ｆ３の関係を満たすものをいう。本実施形態のアンテナは、図８のフローチャートを用いて設計され、３．５ＧＨｚおよび４．５ＧＨｚにおいて、右旋円偏波を送受信し、軸比が３ｄＢ以下、給電部のインピーダンスを５０オームとしたときの電圧定在波比が４以下になるよう設計された。   FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the structure of the circularly polarized antenna A4 of the present embodiment. The circularly polarized antenna A4 is composed of a group of metal conductors 1 and a single power feeding unit 2, and transmits and receives circularly polarized waves at frequencies between two adjacent frequencies of 3.5 GHz and 4.5 GHz. is there. Here, “adjacent” means that when two frequencies are f1 and f2 (f1 <f2), f1 and f2 and the center frequency f3 (= (f1 + f2) / 2) are approximately f2−f1. ≦ 0.25 × f3 is satisfied. The antenna of the present embodiment is designed using the flowchart of FIG. 8, and transmits and receives right-hand circularly polarized waves at 3.5 GHz and 4.5 GHz, the axial ratio is 3 dB or less, and the impedance of the power feeding unit is 50 ohms. The voltage standing wave ratio was designed to be 4 or less.

図１１は、図１０の本実施形態の円偏波アンテナＡ４の軸比および電圧定在波比である。結果として、３．５ＧＨｚと４．５ＧＨｚの間の周波数において、軸比が３ｄＢ以下、電圧定在波比が３以下であり、広い周波数帯域にて円偏波の良好な送受信が可能である。   FIG. 11 shows the axial ratio and voltage standing wave ratio of the circularly polarized antenna A4 of the present embodiment shown in FIG. As a result, at a frequency between 3.5 GHz and 4.5 GHz, the axial ratio is 3 dB or less, the voltage standing wave ratio is 3 or less, and favorable transmission / reception of circular polarization is possible in a wide frequency band.

第四の実施形態のアンテナは、一つのアンテナで、広い周波数帯域にて円偏波の送受信が可能であり、送受信機の高機能化に好適である。   The antenna of the fourth embodiment is a single antenna that can transmit and receive circularly polarized waves in a wide frequency band, and is suitable for enhancing the functionality of the transceiver.

本発明の円偏波アンテナを示す構造図である。1 is a structural diagram showing a circularly polarized antenna of the present invention. 本発明の円偏波アンテナの設計方法を説明するための構造図である。It is a structural diagram for explaining a design method of a circularly polarized wave antenna of the present invention. 本発明の円偏波アンテナの設計方法を説明するためのフローチャートである。It is a flowchart for demonstrating the design method of the circularly polarized antenna of this invention. 本発明の円偏波アンテナの特性を示す特性図である。It is a characteristic view which shows the characteristic of the circularly polarized antenna of this invention. 本発明の円偏波アンテナを示す構造図である。1 is a structural diagram showing a circularly polarized antenna of the present invention. 本発明の円偏波アンテナの特性を示す特性図である。It is a characteristic view which shows the characteristic of the circularly polarized antenna of this invention. 本発明の円偏波アンテナを示す構造図である。1 is a structural diagram showing a circularly polarized antenna of the present invention. 本発明の円偏波アンテナの設計方法を説明するためのフローチャートである。It is a flowchart for demonstrating the design method of the circularly polarized antenna of this invention. 本発明の円偏波アンテナの特性を示す特性図である。It is a characteristic view which shows the characteristic of the circularly polarized antenna of this invention. 本発明の円偏波アンテナを示す構造図である。1 is a structural diagram showing a circularly polarized antenna of the present invention. 本発明の円偏波アンテナの特性を示す特性図である。It is a characteristic view which shows the characteristic of the circularly polarized antenna of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 金属導体
２ 給電部
３ セグメント
４ 電流
Ｓ１〜Ｓ１３ 演算
Ａ１〜Ａ４ 円偏波アンテナ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Metal conductor 2 Feed part 3 Segment 4 Current S1-S13 Calculation A1-A4 Circularly polarized antenna

Claims (8)

一群の金属導体と一つの給電部から構成され、上記一群の金属導体に励起される電流の、空間的に互いに直交する２軸への射影が、その絶対値が概等しく、偏角の差の絶対値が概９０度であることを特徴とする円偏波アンテナ。   The projection of the current excited by the group of metal conductors, which is composed of a group of metal conductors and one power supply unit, on two axes that are spatially orthogonal to each other has almost the same absolute value, A circularly polarized antenna having an absolute value of approximately 90 degrees. 上記一群の金属導体の外形が電気長ａとｂの辺からなる矩形であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の円偏波アンテナ。   2. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 1, wherein an outer shape of the group of metal conductors is a rectangle having sides of electrical lengths a and b. １種類のみの周波数を送受信するための円偏波アンテナであり、上記電気長ａとｂとの和が該送受信周波数における波長の０．４倍以上、０．６５倍以下であることを特徴とする請求項２記載の円偏波アンテナ。   A circularly polarized antenna for transmitting and receiving only one type of frequency, wherein the sum of the electrical lengths a and b is not less than 0.4 times and not more than 0.65 times the wavelength at the transmitted and received frequency. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 2. 異なる複数の周波数の円偏波を送受信するための円偏波アンテナであり、上記電気長ａとｂとの和が、各送受信周波数における波長の０．８倍以上、１．６倍以下であることを特徴とする請求項２記載の円偏波アンテナ。   A circularly polarized antenna for transmitting and receiving circularly polarized waves having different frequencies, and the sum of the electrical lengths a and b is not less than 0.8 times and not more than 1.6 times the wavelength at each transmitted and received frequency The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 2. 上記異なる複数の周波数のうち２つの周波数が近接していると共に、該２つの周波数の間の全ての周波数において円偏波を送受信することを特徴とする請求項４記載の円偏波アンテナ。   5. The circularly polarized wave antenna according to claim 4, wherein two of the different frequencies are close to each other, and circularly polarized waves are transmitted and received at all frequencies between the two frequencies. 送受信する一つの周波数の円偏波が右旋円偏波であり、もう一つの周波数の円偏波が左旋円偏波であることを特徴とする請求項４または５記載の円偏波アンテナ。   6. The circularly polarized antenna according to claim 4, wherein the circularly polarized wave having one frequency to be transmitted / received is a right-handed circularly polarized wave, and the circularly polarized wave having another frequency is a left-handed circularly polarized wave. 上記一群の金属導体が一群の方形セグメントからなり、上記金属導体の構造を変更し、上記セグメントに励起される電流を計算し、上記電流の空間的に互いに直交する２軸への射影について絶対値と偏角を計算し、その絶対値が概等しく、偏角の差の絶対値が概９０度となるまで上記構造変更と計算とを繰り返すことにより設計されることを特徴とする請求項１乃至３記載の円偏波アンテナ。   The group of metal conductors consists of a group of rectangular segments, the structure of the metal conductors is changed, the current excited by the segments is calculated, and the absolute value of the projection of the currents onto two spatially orthogonal axes And calculating the declination, and repeating the above structural change and calculation until the absolute value of the declination is approximately equal and the absolute value of the difference in declination is approximately 90 degrees. 3. The circularly polarized antenna according to 3. 上記一群の金属導体が一群の方形セグメントからなり、上記金属導体の構造を変更し、異なる複数の周波数それぞれにおいて、上記セグメントに励起される電流を計算し、上記電流の空間的に互いに直交する２軸への射影について絶対値と偏角を計算し、その絶対値が概等しく、偏角の差の絶対値が概９０度となるまで上記構造変更と計算とを繰り返し行うことにより設計されることを特徴とする請求項４乃至６記載の円偏波アンテナ。   The group of metal conductors is composed of a group of rectangular segments, the structure of the metal conductors is changed, the currents excited in the segments are calculated at different frequencies, and the currents are spatially orthogonal to each other 2 It is designed by calculating the absolute value and the declination for the projection onto the axis, and repeating the above structural change and calculation until the absolute value is approximately equal and the absolute value of the declination difference is approximately 90 degrees. The circularly polarized antenna according to any one of claims 4 to 6.
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JP2010081334A (en) * 2008-09-26 2010-04-08 Hitachi Ltd Planar array antenna, and communication terminal and wireless module using the same
JP2014003849A (en) * 2012-06-20 2014-01-09 Hitachi Ltd Wireless power transmission device, image display system using the same, and mobile power supply system
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JPWO2016098201A1 (en) * 2014-12-17 2017-04-27 株式会社日立製作所 Rotating polarization antenna, transceiver module, elevator control system and substation control system

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