JP2008031054A - Immunomodulatory agent - Google Patents
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本発明は、免疫調節剤に関し、さらに詳しくは、天然の麦類若葉の搾汁成分を有効成分とする実質的に無毒性で安全性の高い免疫調節剤に関する。 The present invention relates to an immunomodulator, and more particularly to a substantially non-toxic and highly safe immunomodulator comprising a natural wheat juicy squeezed ingredient as an active ingredient.
麦類の成熟期前の緑葉の青汁成分が多種多様な有用天然成分を豊富に含有することに基づいて、この青汁成分をもとの青汁中の状態を保ったまま安定な粉末として取得することが、本発明者らにおいて開示され、麦類若葉粉末の製法が提案されている(特許文献1)。 Based on the fact that the green juice component of green leaves before maturity in wheat is rich in a variety of useful natural components, this green juice component is made into a stable powder while maintaining the state in the original green juice. Obtaining is disclosed in the present inventors, and a method for producing wheat young leaf powder has been proposed (Patent Document 1).
この特許によれば、麦類の成熟期前の緑葉の機械的破砕物から粗大固形分を分離除去して得られる青汁のpH6〜9に中和処理したものを噴霧乾燥または凍結乾燥することによって、麦類若葉の青汁成分の安定な粉末が得られる。そして嗜好品を包含する食品類、保健薬・化粧品を包含する医薬品類など広い分野で有用であることが記載され、保健医薬の一例として、青汁粉末、防風通聖散料エキス末、デンプン、乳糖、タルク、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、エチルアルコールを用いて錠剤を製造した例が示され、この剤は動脈硬化予防および治療用として服用できることが開示されているが、免疫増強作用を有することは開示されていない。 According to this patent, spray-dried or freeze-dried green juice neutralized to pH 6-9 obtained by separating and removing coarse solids from mechanically crushed green leaves before wheat matured Thus, a stable powder of the green juice component of young wheat is obtained. And it is described that it is useful in a wide range of fields such as foods including luxury products, pharmaceuticals including health medicines and cosmetics, and examples of health medicines include green juice powder, wind-proofing powder extract, starch, An example of producing a tablet using lactose, talc, magnesium stearate, and ethyl alcohol is shown, and it is disclosed that this agent can be taken for the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis, but it is disclosed that it has an immunopotentiating action. Not.
そこで、本発明者らは上記青汁粉末の生理活性に着目し研究を行っている過程で、麦類の成熟期前の緑葉の搾汁成分を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする「免疫増強剤」を提案した(特許文献2)。
しかしながら、上記特許文献2記載の「免疫増強剤」においては、BALB/cAcl系マウスまたはJC1:ICR系マウスの脾臓細胞を用いたin vitroの実験結果が開示されているに過ぎず、動物個体に経口投与して免疫機能の調節が可能であるかについては何ら言及しておらず、医薬品または機能性食品としての有用性については疑問が持たれるところである。
However, the “immunity enhancing agent” described in
そこで、本発明は、経口投与により動物の免疫調節機能に効果を与える医薬品または機能性食品として有用な免疫調節剤を提供することを課題とする。 Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide an immunomodulator useful as a pharmaceutical or a functional food which gives an effect to an animal's immunomodulation function by oral administration.
本発明者らは、血糖低下作用、抗炎症作用、抗腫瘍作用、抗高コレステロール作用、抗血栓作用および血管保護作用等を有する大麦若葉の搾汁粉末の経口摂取についての生理活性をさらに詳細に検討した結果、この大麦若葉の搾汁粉末の経口摂取によるマウスの腹腔細胞の一酸化窒素(NO)の産生機能を測定することにより、新たに免疫機能の調節作用を見出し、本発明に至った。 The present inventors have described in more detail the physiological activity of oral intake of young barley squeezed powder having hypoglycemic action, anti-inflammatory action, anti-tumor action, anti-high cholesterol action, anti-thrombotic action and vascular protective action, etc. As a result of examination, by measuring the production function of nitric oxide (NO) in the peritoneal cells of mice by oral ingestion of the squeezed powder of barley young leaves, a new regulatory action of immune function was found and the present invention was achieved. .
一酸化窒素(NO)は活性酸素種の一種であり、大気汚染物質でもあるが、生体内においては、NO合成酵素反応により産生し、脳、マクロファージ、内皮において産生され、多くの生理活性作用により生体内において重要な物質であることが明らかにされている。NOは内皮由来性弛緩因子として見出された物質であるが、平滑筋を弛緩させ、血圧低下作用を示し、血圧の調整に関り、血小板の凝集抑制作用を有し、さらに抗菌作用等を有している。NOは、高血圧、炎症、糖尿病等との病態にも関与することが知られている。 Nitric oxide (NO) is a kind of reactive oxygen species and is an air pollutant, but in the living body, it is produced by NO synthase reaction, produced in the brain, macrophages and endothelium, and has many physiological activities. It has been revealed that it is an important substance in vivo. NO is a substance found as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor, but it relaxes smooth muscle, exhibits blood pressure lowering action, has an action to suppress platelet aggregation, and has antibacterial action, etc. Have. NO is known to be involved in the pathology of hypertension, inflammation, diabetes and the like.
本発明の免疫調節剤は、麦類の成熟期前の緑葉の搾汁成分を有効成分として含有することを特徴とする。 The immunomodulator of the present invention is characterized by containing, as an active ingredient, a squeezed component of green leaves before the maturity period of wheat.
本発明の免疫調節剤は、経口投与により動物の免疫調節機能に効果を与える医薬品または機能性食品として有用なものとなった。 The immunomodulating agent of the present invention has become useful as a pharmaceutical or functional food that exerts an effect on an animal's immunomodulating function by oral administration.
以下、本発明の免疫調節剤についてさらに詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, the immunomodulator of the present invention will be described in more detail.
本発明の免疫調節剤における有効成分は、麦類の成熟期前の緑葉の搾汁成分であって、例えば、上記特許文献1に記載の製法によって得ることができる。 The active ingredient in the immunomodulator of the present invention is a squeezed ingredient of green leaves before the maturity period of wheat, and can be obtained, for example, by the production method described in Patent Document 1.
すなわち、前記搾汁成分としては、麦類の成熟期前の緑葉、好ましくは分げつ開始期から穂揃期までの麦類、例えば大麦、裸麦、エン麦さらにはハト麦の緑葉(茎および葉を総称する)を、好ましくは機械的手段で、不当な熱変性を与えることなしに搾汁し、粗大固形分を除去して得られた青汁を使用することが可能である。好ましくは得られた青汁をさらに遠心分離した後、上清液を採取し、必要に応じてこれを除菌濾過処理して得られる液体成分を、本発明の搾汁成分としてそのまま使用することができる。 That is, as the squeezed component, the green leaves before the maturity period of the wheat, preferably the wheats from the start of tillering to the assortment stage, such as barley, bare barley, oats, and the green leaves of the barley (stem and It is possible to use the green juice obtained by squeezing the leaves), preferably by mechanical means, without undue heat denaturation and removing coarse solids. Preferably, after further centrifuging the obtained green juice, the supernatant is collected, and if necessary, the liquid component obtained by sterilization filtration treatment is used as it is as the juice component of the present invention. Can do.
なお、上記搾汁に先立って、麦類の成熟期前の緑葉を次亜塩素酸ソーダ等の殺菌剤で殺菌処理してから搾汁処理することもできる。 Prior to the squeezing, the green leaves before maturation of the wheat can be sterilized with a bactericide such as sodium hypochlorite and then squeezed.
さらに、上記で得られた青汁をpH5〜9程度に調節し、噴霧乾燥、凍結乾燥等の実質的な熱変性を与えない手段で粉末化した青汁粉末も本発明に適合する。 Furthermore, green juice powder obtained by adjusting the green juice obtained above to a pH of about 5-9 and pulverizing by means such as spray drying, freeze drying and the like that does not give substantial heat denaturation is also suitable for the present invention.
本発明において有効成分として使用する麦類の成熟期前の緑葉の搾汁成分とは、麦類の成熟期前の緑葉を上記のように搾汁して得られる青汁、およびこの青汁を上記のようにさらに処理して得られる免疫調節作用を有するすべての処理成分をも包含する意味で用いられるものである。 The squeezed component of green leaves before maturity of wheat used as an active ingredient in the present invention is green juice obtained by squeezing green leaves before maturity of wheat as described above, and this green juice It is used in the meaning including all treatment components having an immunomodulatory action obtained by further treatment as described above.
本発明の免疫調節剤は、所望により、各種の添加剤が配合されていてもよく、またその剤型も種々の剤型であってもよい。 The immunomodulator of the present invention may contain various additives as desired, and the dosage form may be various dosage forms.
このような添加剤としては、噴霧乾燥もしくは凍結乾燥に際して必要な添加物質のほかに、所定の剤型を形成するための調剤用の添加物質を挙げることができる。これらの添加物質としては、例えばアスコルビン酸、ビオチン、パントテン酸カルシウム、カロテン、塩化コリン、ナイアシン、塩酸ピリドキシン、リボフラビン、パントテン酸ナトリウム、チアミン塩酸塩、トコフェロール、ビタミンA、ビタミンB12、ビタミンD等のビタミン類、メタリン酸ナトリウム、リン酸ナトリウム(第1、第2、第3塩)、ピロリン酸ナトリウム、三リン酸ナトリウム等のリン酸ナトリウム、ソルビン酸カルシウム、安息香酸、パラオキシ安息香酸メチル、安息香酸ナトリウム等の保存料、アラビヤガム、トラガント、アルギン酸ナトリウム、メチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、アルギン酸カルシウム、ケイ酸カルシウム、マンニット、ソルビトール、乳糖、可溶性澱粉、アミノ酸類、ブドウ糖、果糖、ショ糖、ハチミツ、脂肪酸エステル等を挙げることができる。 Examples of such additives include additive substances for preparation for forming a predetermined dosage form, in addition to additive substances necessary for spray drying or freeze drying. Examples of these additive substances include vitamins such as ascorbic acid, biotin, calcium pantothenate, carotene, choline chloride, niacin, pyridoxine hydrochloride, riboflavin, sodium pantothenate, thiamine hydrochloride, tocopherol, vitamin A, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. , Sodium metaphosphate, sodium phosphate (first, second, third salt), sodium pyrophosphate, sodium phosphate such as sodium triphosphate, calcium sorbate, benzoic acid, methyl paraoxybenzoate, sodium benzoate Preservatives such as Arabia gum, tragacanth, sodium alginate, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, calcium alginate, calcium silicate, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose, soluble starch, amino acids, glucose Fructose, sucrose, can be cited honey, fatty acid esters and the like.
本発明の免疫調節剤は、経口または非経口投与することができ、それぞれの投与経路に適した任意の剤型に製剤化することができ、例えば散剤、顆粒、ペレットもしくは錠剤、コーティング剤、カプセル剤、液剤、シロップ剤等の経口投与に適した剤型にすることができる。 The immunomodulating agent of the present invention can be administered orally or parenterally, and can be formulated into any dosage form suitable for each administration route, for example, powder, granule, pellet or tablet, coating agent, capsule The dosage form can be made suitable for oral administration such as an agent, solution, syrup and the like.
本発明の免疫調節剤の経口投与量は、対象とする抗原の種類、患者の症状の軽量、性別、年齢、体重、医師の判断などに応じて広い範囲で考えることができるが、一応の目安として一般に、10mg〜3000mg/kg体重/日、好ましくは50mg〜1000mg/kg体重/日の範囲内を例示することができる。前記投与量は1日1回または数回に分けて投与することができる。経口投与する場合には、本発明の免疫調節剤は、以下に述べるとおり、実質的に無毒性で且つ副作用を伴わないので、前記範囲を越えて大量投与することもできる。 The oral dosage of the immunomodulating agent of the present invention can be considered in a wide range depending on the type of antigen of interest, the lightness of the patient's symptoms, sex, age, weight, doctor's judgment, etc. As a general example, a range of 10 mg to 3000 mg / kg body weight / day, preferably 50 mg to 1000 mg / kg body weight / day can be exemplified. The dosage can be administered once or divided into several times a day. In the case of oral administration, as described below, the immunomodulator of the present invention is substantially non-toxic and has no side effects, so that it can be administered in large amounts beyond the above range.
本発明の免疫調節剤の有効成分である麦類の成熟期前の緑葉の搾汁成分、例えば大麦若葉を搾汁して得られた青汁粉末の急性毒性LD50値は、12,000mg/kg(経口、マウス)と実質的に無毒性であり、1,000mg/kg連続投与(経口、マウス)の亜急性毒性試験の結果からも、毒性および副作用は実質的に認められない。したがって、本発明の前記緑葉の搾汁成分は、実用性のある免疫調節作用を有することと、実質的に無毒性で大量投与が可能であることの両者を兼備した特異な免疫調節剤となることが判明した。 The acute toxic LD50 value of green juice obtained by squeezing green leaf juice components before the maturity period of barley, which is an active ingredient of the immunomodulator of the present invention, such as young barley leaves, is 12,000 mg / kg. It is virtually non-toxic with (oral, mouse), and from the results of subacute toxicity test of 1,000 mg / kg continuous administration (oral, mouse), toxicity and side effects are substantially not observed. Therefore, the green leaf juice component of the present invention is a unique immunomodulator that has both a practical immunomodulatory action and a substantially non-toxic and capable of large-scale administration. It has been found.
以下、実施例により本発明をさらに具体的に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples.
実施例1(免疫調節剤の調製)
成熟期前の大麦若葉(茎および葉を総称する)の搾汁液1000mlを噴霧乾燥して30gの大麦若葉搾汁液粉末を調製した。
Example 1 (Preparation of immunomodulator)
1000 g of barley young leaves (generally referred to as stems and leaves) before ripening were spray-dried to prepare 30 g of barley young leaves juice powder.
実施例2(C3H/HeSlc系マウスの腹腔細胞の一酸化窒素産生能)
C3H/HeSlc系マウス(3ケ月齢)に、蒸留水0.5mlまたは実施例1で調製した大麦若葉搾汁液粉末3mgを懸濁した蒸留水0.5mlを、雄性マウスには1ケ月間または雌性マウスには2ケ月間に亘り毎日、ゾンデ針を用いて経口投与した。各マウスから個体ごとに腹腔細胞を得て、5%FCSを含むRPMI−1640培養液により常在性腹腔細胞を回収し、遠心による洗浄後、比較的大きく細胞質に富んだ細胞を数えて細胞懸濁液を調製し、96−ウエルプレートの各ウエルに2×105 cells/well分注した。CO2 インキュベーター内で2時間、37℃で培養後、各ウエルを37℃のMEM培養液で3回洗浄し、残った付着性細胞を腹腔マクロファージとした。各ウエルの付着性腹腔細胞を、5%FCSを含むRPMI−1640培地にマクロファージ活性化物質としてLPSとINF−γを下記量添加した培養液により、5%CO2 インキュベーター内で48時間培養した。
Example 2 (Nitric oxide production ability of peritoneal cells of C3H / HeSlc mice)
C3H / HeSlc strain mice (3 months old) have 0.5 ml of distilled water or 0.5 ml of distilled water in which 3 mg of barley young leaf juice powder prepared in Example 1 is suspended, and male mice have 1 month or female Mice were orally administered daily using a sonde needle for 2 months. Peritoneal cells are obtained from each mouse for each individual, and resident peritoneal cells are collected with RPMI-1640 culture medium containing 5% FCS. After washing by centrifugation, relatively large cytoplasm-rich cells are counted and cell suspensions are obtained. A suspension was prepared and dispensed 2 × 10 5 cells / well into each well of a 96-well plate. After culturing at 37 ° C. for 2 hours in a
1)無添加
2)LPS 10ng/ml
3)INF−γ 0.75ng/ml
4)INF−γ 1.5ng/ml
5)LPS 10ng/ml+INF−γ 0.75ng/ml
1) No addition 2) LPS 10ng / ml
3) INF-γ 0.75 ng / ml
4) INF-γ 1.5 ng / ml
5) LPS 10 ng / ml + INF-γ 0.75 ng / ml
各ウエルの培養上清中に含まれる亜硝酸イオン濃度を測定して、一酸化窒素産生反応を定量した。96−ウエルプレートを用いて各培養上清と亜硝酸ナトリウム水溶液をPBSでそれぞれ段階希釈し、各ウエルの液量を100μlとした。Griess試薬を各ウエルに100μl添加して数分後、各ウエルの540nmの吸光度を測定し、段階希釈した亜硝酸ナトリウムの吸光度から検量線を求めて、各培養上清中に含まれる亜硝酸イオンの濃度を決定した。結果を図1に示す。なお、Griess試薬の調製は、2.5%リン酸水溶液を溶媒とし、サルファニルアミド0.26gとナフチルエチレンジアミン二塩酸塩206mgを常温で溶解させ、それぞれ1%サルファニルアミド、0.1%ナフチルエチレンジアミン二塩酸塩に調製した。 The nitrite ion concentration contained in the culture supernatant of each well was measured to quantify the nitric oxide production reaction. Each culture supernatant and sodium nitrite aqueous solution were serially diluted with PBS using a 96-well plate to make the volume of each well 100 μl. A few minutes after adding 100 μl of Griess reagent to each well, the absorbance at 540 nm in each well is measured, and a calibration curve is obtained from the absorbance of sodium nitrite diluted serially. Nitrite ions contained in each culture supernatant The concentration of was determined. The results are shown in FIG. The Griess reagent was prepared by dissolving 0.26 g of sulfanilamide and 206 mg of naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride at room temperature using a 2.5% aqueous phosphoric acid solution as a solvent, and 1% sulfanilamide and 0.1% naphthyl, respectively. Prepared in ethylenediamine dihydrochloride.
図1に示したように、大麦若葉搾汁液粉末を経口投与したC3H/HeSlc系マウスは、腹腔細胞の一酸化窒素産生能が有意に亢進していた。 As shown in FIG. 1, C3H / HeSlc mice to which barley young leaf juice powder was orally administered had significantly enhanced nitric oxide production ability in peritoneal cells.
実施例3(C3H/HeSlc系マウスの腹腔細胞の一酸化窒素産生能)
C3H/HeSlc系マウス(6ケ月齢)に、蒸留水0.5mlまたは実施例1で調製した大麦若葉搾汁液粉末5mg、25mgを各懸濁した蒸留水0.5mlを、1ケ月間に亘り隔日、ゾンデ針を用いて経口投与した。各マウスから個体ごとに腹腔細胞を得て、5%FCSを含むRPMI−1640培養液により常在性腹腔細胞を回収し、遠心による洗浄後、比較的大きく細胞質に富んだ細胞を数えて細胞懸濁液を調製し、96−ウエルプレートの各ウエルに2×105 cells/well分注した。CO2 インキュベーター内で2時間、37℃で培養後、各ウエルを37℃のMEM培養液で3回洗浄し、残った付着性細胞を腹腔マクロファージとした。各ウエルの付着性腹腔細胞を、5%FCSを含むRPMI−1640培地にマクロファージ活性化物質としてLPSとINF−γを下記量添加した培養液により、5%CO2 インキュベーター内で48時間培養した。
Example 3 (Nitric oxide production ability of peritoneal cells of C3H / HeSlc mice)
C3H / HeSlc mice (6 months of age) were treated with 0.5 ml of distilled water or 0.5 ml of distilled water containing 5 mg and 25 mg of barley young leaf juice powder prepared in Example 1 every other day for one month. Orally using a sonde needle. Peritoneal cells are obtained from each mouse for each individual, and resident peritoneal cells are collected with RPMI-1640 culture medium containing 5% FCS. After washing by centrifugation, relatively large cytoplasm-rich cells are counted and cell suspensions are obtained. A suspension was prepared and dispensed 2 × 10 5 cells / well into each well of a 96-well plate. After culturing at 37 ° C. for 2 hours in a
1)無添加
2)LPS 10ng/ml
3)INF−γ 0.75ng/ml
4)INF−γ 1.5ng/ml
5)LPS 10ng/ml+INF−γ 0.75ng/ml
1) No addition 2) LPS 10ng / ml
3) INF-γ 0.75 ng / ml
4) INF-γ 1.5 ng / ml
5)
各ウエルの培養上清中に含まれる亜硝酸イオン濃度を測定して、一酸化窒素産生反応を定量した。96−ウエルプレートを用いて各培養上清と亜硝酸ナトリウム水溶液をPBSでそれぞれ段階希釈し、各ウエルの液量を100μlとした。Griess試薬を各ウエルに100μl添加して数分後、各ウエルの540nmの吸光度を測定し、段階希釈した亜硝酸ナトリウムの吸光度から検量線を求めて、各培養上清中に含まれる亜硝酸イオンの濃度を決定した。結果を図2に示す。なお、Griess試薬の調製は、2.5%リン酸水溶液を溶媒とし、サルファニルアミド0.26gとナフチルエチレンジアミン二塩酸塩206mgを常温で溶解させ、それぞれ1%サルファニルアミド、0.1%ナフチルエチレンジアミン二塩酸塩に調製した。 The nitrite ion concentration contained in the culture supernatant of each well was measured to quantify the nitric oxide production reaction. Each culture supernatant and sodium nitrite aqueous solution were serially diluted with PBS using a 96-well plate to make the volume of each well 100 μl. A few minutes after adding 100 μl of Griess reagent to each well, the absorbance at 540 nm in each well is measured, and a calibration curve is obtained from the absorbance of sodium nitrite diluted serially. Nitrite ions contained in each culture supernatant The concentration of was determined. The results are shown in FIG. The Griess reagent was prepared by dissolving 0.26 g of sulfanilamide and 206 mg of naphthylethylenediamine dihydrochloride at room temperature using a 2.5% aqueous phosphoric acid solution as a solvent, and 1% sulfanilamide and 0.1% naphthyl, respectively. Prepared in ethylenediamine dihydrochloride.
図2に示したように、大麦若葉搾汁液粉末を経口投与したC3H/HeSlc系マウスは、腹腔細胞の一酸化窒素産生能が有意に亢進していた。 As shown in FIG. 2, C3H / HeSlc mice to which barley young leaf juice powder was orally administered had significantly enhanced nitric oxide production ability of peritoneal cells.
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JPH0474128A (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1992-03-09 | Hagiwara Yoshihide | Immuno-enhancing agent |
JPH09110686A (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 1997-04-28 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | Macrophage nitrogen monoxide-producing sthenic agent |
JP2003335695A (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2003-11-25 | Nippon Bio Kk | Immunoenhancing agent composed of fermented soybean, antitumor agent, processed food, and method for producing fermented soybean |
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JPH0474128A (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1992-03-09 | Hagiwara Yoshihide | Immuno-enhancing agent |
JPH09110686A (en) * | 1995-10-19 | 1997-04-28 | Snow Brand Milk Prod Co Ltd | Macrophage nitrogen monoxide-producing sthenic agent |
JP2003335695A (en) * | 2002-05-17 | 2003-11-25 | Nippon Bio Kk | Immunoenhancing agent composed of fermented soybean, antitumor agent, processed food, and method for producing fermented soybean |
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JP2013063940A (en) * | 2011-09-20 | 2013-04-11 | Nippon Yakuhin Kaihatsu Kk | Agent for preventing or improving osteoporosis |
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