JP2008028531A - Projector, and wall color correction method and program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a projector and a wall color correction method and program, capable of executing optimum wall color correction processing. <P>SOLUTION: Since a sensor control section 42 gives a full image by each segment of a color wheel to a display element 36 and provides an integral control signal to a phase difference sensor only for periods wherein the display color is coincident with a color of the segments of the color wheel so as to detect the lightness of a reflected light of the full image projected onto a wall face as its control, the lightness of the reflected light from the wall face can be detected by each segment, and since image data received by each segment are corrected and given to the display element 36 on the basis of correction coefficients associated with the lightness by each segment and the data are projected onto the wall face, optimum wall color correction in matching with the lightness of the wall face by each segment can be executed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a projection apparatus, a wall color correction method, and a program. For example, the present invention relates to a projection apparatus, a wall color correction method, and a program capable of performing an optimal wall color correction process.

  A technique called wall color correction processing or wall shot that can realize good color reproduction even when a color image is projected onto a wall or the like to which a color is applied is known.

In the conventional “projector projection surface color correction method”, a projection surface such as a wall coated with color is photographed using a color sensor, the color of this projection surface is measured, and the change in the color of the primary color light is calculated. By doing so, it is possible to perform a colorimetrically correct color reproduction, so that it has an advantage that a good color reproduction can be performed even on a projection surface coated with a color (for example, a patent Reference 1).
JP 2003-333611 A

  However, in a DLP (Digital Light Processing) type projector, light that has passed through a rotating color wheel segment is emitted to a display element, and light reflected by the display element is projected onto a screen. The projected images are time-divisionally divided.

  For this reason, for example, a green-only image is displayed on the display element and projected onto the screen, and the reflected light from the screen is received by the phase difference sensor using, for example, a phase difference sensor used for distance measurement. When wall color correction is performed based on the detected light intensity, the sensor output obtained by the phase difference sensor may be integrated into the phase difference sensor from the time when the color wheel becomes a red segment, for example. Cannot be used for wall color correction processing as it is.

  Similarly, even when the color wheel is integrated into the phase difference sensor from the time when the color wheel becomes the blue segment or the white segment, there is a problem that the sensor output obtained by the phase difference sensor cannot be directly used for the wall color correction processing.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object thereof is to provide a projection apparatus, a wall color correction method, and a program capable of performing an optimal wall color correction process.

  (1) The present invention rotates a color wheel having color-coded segments, irradiates the segment with white light, irradiates the transmitted light on the display element, and projects the reflected light from the display element onto the screen. In the projection apparatus, the reference image storage means for storing the brightness and reference image for color correction for each segment, and the brightness detection means for detecting the brightness of the reflected light of the reference image projected on the wall surface. Providing a reference image for each segment read from the reference image storage means to the display element, and detecting the brightness by the brightness detection means only during a period in which the display color of the display element matches the color of the segment A brightness detection control means for controlling the brightness of the reference image, and the brightness of the reference image for each segment detected by the brightness detection means and the reference image storage means Calculation means for calculating a correction coefficient relating to the lightness of each segment based on the lightness serving as a reference for color correction, and correcting the input image data for each segment based on the correction coefficient of each segment The image processing apparatus includes a correcting unit and a projecting unit that projects the image data corrected by the correcting unit to the display element and projects the image data onto the wall surface.

  (2) The present invention rotates a color wheel having color-coded segments, irradiates this segment with white light, irradiates the transmitted light onto the display element, and projects the reflected light from the display element onto the screen. In the wall color correction method of the projector, the reference image for each segment read from the reference image storage unit storing the brightness and reference image for color correction for each segment is given to the display element, and the display A brightness detection control step for controlling the brightness to be detected by a brightness detection unit that detects the brightness of the reflected light of the reference image projected on the wall surface only during a period in which the display color of the element and the color of the segment coincide; , Based on the lightness of the reference image for each segment detected by the lightness detection unit and the lightness used as a reference for color correction read from the reference image storage unit A calculation step for calculating a correction coefficient relating to the brightness for each segment, and a correction step for correcting the input image data for each segment based on the correction coefficient for each segment. The image data is provided to the display element and projected onto the wall surface.

  (3) The present invention rotates the color wheel having the color-coded segments, irradiates the segment with white light, irradiates the transmitted light onto the display element, and projects the reflected light from the display element onto the screen. In a program executed by a computer incorporated in the projection apparatus, a reference image for each segment read from a reference image storage unit that stores brightness and a reference image for color correction as a reference for each segment is given to the display element. Brightness detection for controlling the brightness to be detected by the brightness detection unit that detects the brightness of the reflected light of the reference image projected on the wall surface only during a period in which the display color of the display element matches the color of the segment The control step, the brightness of the reference image for each segment detected by the brightness detection unit, and the basis of the color correction read from the reference image storage unit A calculation step of calculating a correction coefficient related to the lightness of each segment based on the lightness to be, and a correction step of correcting the input image data of each segment based on the correction coefficient of each segment, It is characterized by being executed by a computer.

  (4) The present invention controls lighting of an LED light source composed of LEDs that respectively emit red light, green light, and blue light, and irradiates the display element with colored light from the LED light source. In a projection apparatus that projects reflected light onto a screen, reference image storage means for storing brightness and a reference image as a reference for color correction for each colored light from the LED light source, and reflection of the reference image projected on a wall surface A lightness detecting means for detecting the lightness of the light, the reference image for each color light from the LED light source read from the reference image storage means is provided to the display element, and the display color of the display element and the LED light source Brightness detection control means for controlling the brightness detection means to detect brightness only during a period in which the color of the colored light matches, and from the LED light source detected by the brightness detection means Calculating means for calculating a correction coefficient relating to the lightness of each color light emitted from the LED light source based on the lightness of the reference image for each color light and the lightness serving as a reference for color correction read from the reference image storage means; Based on a correction coefficient for each color light from the light source, correction means for correcting the input image data for each segment, and image data corrected by the correction means is given to the display element and projected onto the wall surface. And a projecting means.

  (5) The present invention controls lighting of an LED light source composed of LEDs that respectively emit red light, green light, and blue light, and irradiates the display element with colored light from the LED light source. In the wall color correction method of the projection apparatus that projects the reflected light onto the screen, the brightness and reference image used as the reference for color correction are read from the LED light source read out from the reference image storage unit that stores each color light from the LED light source. A reference image for each color light is given to the display element, and only when the display color of the display element matches the color of the color light from the LED light source, the reflected light of the reference image projected on the wall surface is reflected. A lightness detection control step for controlling the lightness to be detected by a lightness detection unit for detecting the lightness; the lightness of the reference image for each color light from the LED light source detected by the lightness detection unit; and the reference image A calculation step for calculating a correction coefficient related to the lightness of each color light emitted from the LED light source based on the lightness used as a reference for color correction read from the storage unit, and a correction coefficient for each color light emitted from the LED light source. A correction step of correcting the input image data for each segment, and the image data corrected by the correction step is provided to the display element and projected onto the wall surface.

  (6) The present invention controls lighting of an LED light source composed of LEDs that respectively emit red light, green light, and blue light, and irradiates the display element with colored light from the LED light source. In a program executed by a computer built in a projection device that projects reflected light onto a screen, the brightness and reference image that are the reference for color correction are read out from a reference image storage unit that stores each color light from the LED light source. A reference image for each colored light from the LED light source is given to the display element, and the reference image projected on the wall surface only during a period in which the display color of the display element matches the color of the colored light from the LED light source. A lightness detection control step for controlling the lightness to be detected by a lightness detection unit for detecting the lightness of the reflected light, and each color light from the LED light source detected by the lightness detection unit A calculation step of calculating a correction coefficient relating to the brightness of each color light emitted from the LED light source based on the brightness of the reference image and the brightness serving as a reference for color correction read from the reference image storage unit; The computer executes a correction step of correcting the input image data for each segment based on the correction coefficient for each color light.

  According to the present invention, the color wheel having the color-coded segments is rotated, the white light is irradiated onto the segments, the transmitted light is irradiated onto the display element, and the reflected light from the display element is projected onto the screen. Even in the projection apparatus, a reference image for each segment is given to the display element, and only when the display color and the color of the color wheel segment match, the reference image projected on the wall surface by the lightness detection means is used. Since the brightness of the reflected light is controlled to be detected, the brightness of the reflected light from the wall surface can be detected for each segment, and the input image data for each segment is obtained based on the correction coefficient for the brightness of each segment. Since the correction is applied to the display element and projected onto the wall surface, optimal wall color correction processing can be performed according to the lightness of each primary color of the wall surface.

  Further, according to the present invention, the lighting of the LED light source composed of LEDs that respectively emit red light, green light, and blue light is controlled, and the display element is irradiated with colored light from the LED light source. Even in the projection device that projects the reflected light of the color on the screen, a reference image for each color light emitted from the LED light source is given to the display element, and the display color and the color of the color light emitted from the LED light source coincide with each other. Only because the brightness detection means controls to detect the brightness of the reflected light of the reference image projected on the wall surface, the brightness of the reflected light from the wall surface can be detected for each colored light from the LED light source, Based on the correction coefficient related to the lightness of each color light emitted from the LED light source, the image data for each color light emitted from the LED light source is corrected and applied to the display element to be projected onto the wall surface. To suit It is possible to perform optimal wall color correction processing.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an external configuration when a small projector device is taken as an example of the projection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 (A) is a perspective view when viewed from above. FIG. (B) is a perspective view when viewed from below.

  As shown in FIG. 1A, the projector device 10 is provided with a projection lens 12, two phase difference sensors 131 and 132, and an Ir receiver 14 on the front surface of a rectangular parallelepiped main body casing 11.

  The projection lens 12 is for projecting a light image formed by a spatial light modulation element such as a micromirror element to be described later. In this embodiment, the in-focus position and the zoom position (projection angle of view) are arbitrarily set. It shall be variable.

  The phase difference sensors 131 and 132 measure the distance to the subject, specifically, the distance to the image on the screen, based on the principle of triangulation from the parallax with respect to the subject image. Specifically, the distance to the subject in the vertical direction (vertical direction) is measured by the distance measuring lenses 13 a and 13 b of the phase difference sensor 131 arranged in the vertical direction with respect to the main body casing 11. The distance measuring lenses 13c and 13d of the phase difference sensor 132 arranged in the horizontal direction are configured to measure the distance to the subject in the horizontal direction (horizontal direction).

  The Ir receiver 14 receives infrared light on which key operation signals from a remote controller (not shown) of the projector device 10 (not shown) are superimposed.

  A main body main key / indicator 15, a speaker 16, and a cover 17 are disposed on the upper surface of the main body casing 11. Details of the main body main key / indicator 15 will be described later. The speaker 16 amplifies and outputs sound when playing back a moving image. Here, the cover 17 opens and closes when a subkey (not shown) is operated. This sub key is operated to instruct to set various detailed operations and the like that cannot be set with the main unit key / indicator 15 key without using the remote controller of the projector apparatus 10.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1B, an input / output connector portion 18, an Ir receiving portion 19, and an AC adapter connecting portion 20 are disposed on the back surface of the main body casing 11.

  The input / output connector unit 18 includes, for example, a USB terminal for connection with an external device such as a personal computer, a mini D-SUB terminal for video input, an S terminal, an RCA terminal, a stereo mini terminal for audio input, and the like. Become.

  Similar to the Ir receiver 14, the Ir receiver 19 receives infrared light on which a key operation signal from a remote controller (not shown) is superimposed. The AC adapter connection unit 20 connects a cable from an AC adapter (not shown) serving as a power source.

  A pair of fixed leg portions 21 a and 21 b are attached to the lower surface of the main body casing 11 on the back side, and an adjustment leg portion 22 capable of height adjustment is attached to the front side. The adjustment leg 22 adjusts the vertical component of the projection direction of the projection lens 12, that is, the elevation angle, by manipulating the screw rotation position manually.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a detailed arrangement of the main body main key / indicator 15.

  The main body main key / indicator 15 includes a power key 15a, a zoom key 15b, a focus key 15c, an “AFK” key 15d, an “Input” key 15e, an “Auto” key 15f, and a “menu”. ”Key 15g,“ Key-stone ”key 15h,“ HELP ”key 15i,“ Esc ”key 15j,“ Up (↑) ”key 15k,“ Down (↓) ”key 15l,“ Left (←) ”key 15m , A “light (→)” key 15n, an “Enter” key 15o, a power / standby indicator 15p, a temperature (TEMP) indicator 15q, and a “WS” key 15r.

  The power key 15a instructs on / off of the power. The zoom key 15b instructs zoom-in (tele) and zoom-down (wide) by operating “Δ” and “▽”.

  The focus key 15c instructs to move the in-focus position forward and backward by the operation of “Δ” and “▽”. The “AFK” key 15d instructs immediate execution of automatic focusing and automatic keystone correction.

  The “Input” key 15 e instructs manual switching of the video signal input to any of the input / output connector sections 18, and the “Auto” key 15 f is a video signal input to any of the input / output connector sections 18. Directs automatic switching.

  The “menu” key 15g instructs display of various menu items relating to the projection operation, and the “Keystone” key 15h instructs manual operation of keystone correction. The “HELP” key 15i instructs display of various help information when the instruction operation is unknown, and the “Esc” key 15j instructs release of the operation at that time.

  The “up” key 15k, “down” key 15l, “left” key 15m, and “right” key 15n are used to indicate a menu item, manual keystone correction direction, pointer, cursor, or the like at that time to select or move. Operate accordingly.

  The power / standby indicator 15p displays a power on / off state and a state in which no video signal is input, for example, by turning on / off or blinking green and red LEDs. The temperature indicator 15q displays whether or not the temperature of a lamp serving as a light source for image projection is in a state suitable for projection, for example, by turning on / off or blinking green and red LEDs. The “WS” key 15r instructs immediate execution of the wall color correction process.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a functional configuration of the electronic circuit of the projector apparatus 10. In FIG. 3, for example, when a video signal composed of analog signals of RGB specifications is input from the input / output connector unit 18, video A / D converters 31a, 31b provided in the input / output interface (I / F) unit 31 are provided. A / D converted by 31c and output to the scaler unit 32. The scaler unit 32 unifies the video data in a predetermined format so that the image data matches the resolution of the display element 36, and then outputs the video signal to the display controller unit 33.

  Note that video signals of various standards input from the input / output connector unit 18 are unified into video signals of a predetermined format by the scaler unit 32 via the input / output interface (I / F) unit 31 and the system bus SB. It is sent to the display controller unit 33.

  The display controller unit 33 develops and stores the image data input from the scaler unit 32 and the controller unit 39 in the video RAM unit 34, and generates a video signal from the stored contents of the video RAM unit 34.

  In this display controller unit 33, image data stored in the video RAM unit 34 is read at an appropriate frame rate to generate a video signal, and this video signal is converted into a spatial light modulator (SOM) at, for example, 30 [frames / second]. ) Is driven to display. For example, the display element 36 is irradiated with high-intensity white light emitted from a light source lamp 37 such as an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp, so that reflected light from the display element 36 is projected onto the screen 56 via the projection lens 12. Thus, a light image is formed and displayed. The projection lens 12 is driven by a lens motor (not shown) controlled by the zoom / focus control unit 38 so as to appropriately move the zoom position and the focus position.

  The controller unit 39 is composed of a microcomputer, a ROM (Read Only Memory) in which an operation program including an automatic focusing process and an automatic trapezoidal correction process, which will be described later, is fixedly stored, and a RAM (Random Access Memory) used as a work memory. ), And a CPU for executing the operation program read from the ROM. The controller unit 39 controls all the operations of each circuit. The controller unit 39 is connected to an image storage unit 40, an audio processing unit 41, and a sensor control unit 42 via a system bus SB.

  The image storage unit 40 includes, for example, a flash memory and the like. A red full image, a green full image, a white full image, a blue full image, and brightness data serving as a reference for color correction corresponding to each color, chart image (described later) Horizontal chart image and vertical chart image) and user logo image image data are stored. The controller unit 39 appropriately reads the instructed image data from the image storage unit 40 and stores it in the video RAM unit 34 via the display controller unit 33. Note that the red full-color image, green full-color image, white full-color image, and blue full-color image are composed of image data serving as a reference for color correction of each color when displayed on a white screen.

  In addition, when the segment of the color wheel 45 is composed of a set of red, green, and blue colors, the image storage unit 40 is composed of a pair of red, green, and blue colors according to the segment of the color wheel 45. Each full-surface image and lightness data of the lightness used as a reference for color correction are stored. When the segment of the color wheel 45 is composed of a set of red, green, blue, and white colors, the image storage unit 40 adjusts the colors of red, green, blue, and white according to the segments of the color wheel 45. Each full-surface image and lightness data of the lightness used as a reference for color correction consisting of the above set are stored.

  The sound processing unit 41 includes a sound source circuit such as a PCM sound source, generates sound signals by analogizing sound data given during the projection display operation, and drives the speaker 16 to emit loud sounds.

  The sensor control unit 42 outputs sensor integration control signals S1 and S3 to the phase difference sensor 131 having the distance measurement lenses 13a and 13b and the phase difference sensor 132 having the distance measurement lenses 13c and 13d to drive these sensors. The sensor output signals S2 and S4 output from the phase difference sensors 131 and 132 are input. The sensor control unit 42 includes an A / D converter 42a having a resolution of, for example, 8 bits for converting the sensor output signals S2 and S4 into digital signals, and this sensor output data is stored in a RAM provided in the controller unit 39. Output. The controller unit 39 that stores the sensor output data output from the sensor control unit 42 in the RAM measures the distance to an arbitrary point position in the projected and displayed chart image described later.

  The sensor control unit 42 receives a color wheel segment signal S8 indicating a segment switching timing and a marker signal S9 indicating a marker position from a CW (Color Wheel) control unit 44, and receives, for example, red brightness data from the controller unit 39. When the notice command Nr indicating acquisition is held in the latch, the sensor integration control signal S3r is generated.

  The sensor control unit 42 is configured by a circuit as shown in FIG. 9, for example. “0” is loaded when the latch circuit 42c to which the notice command data from the controller unit 39 is addressed and written, and the marker signal S9 as a load signal is input, and the color wheel segment signal S8 is set to 0 to 3. A counter circuit 42d that repeatedly counts, gate circuits 42e, 42f, 42g, and 42h that output a high-level pulse signal when the notice command data held in the latch circuit 42c matches the count value of the counter circuit 42d; The gate circuit 42i outputs a pulse signal output from any one of the gate circuits 42e, 42f, 42g, and 42h as the sensor integration control signal S3.

  The CW control unit 44 is controlled in accordance with the synchronization signal S5 output from the display controller unit 33, and gives a color wheel motor drive signal S6 synchronized with the vertical synchronization signal of the synchronization signal S5 to a motor (not shown). The color wheel 45 is rotated. The CW control unit 44 inputs a marker signal S7 indicating that the marker unit of the color wheel has passed over a photocoupler (not shown), which will be described later, and outputs it to the sensor control unit 42.

  The color wheel 45 is a circular light transmission plate, and transmits one color of white light emitted from the light source lamp 37 by a transmission plate divided into four colors of W, R, G, and B. One marker portion (not shown) is provided on the outer periphery of the blue transmission plate of the color wheel 45, for example, and the color wheel 45 rotates to detect that the marker portion has passed over a photocoupler (not shown). Then, a marker signal composed of a high level pulse generated once per rotation is output to the CW control unit 44.

  The light transmitted through the color wheel 45 is emitted in the direction of the mirror 48 via the integrator 47, and the light reflected by the reflection surface of the mirror 48 is reflected by each pixel of the display element 36, and further from each pixel. The light reflected in the optical axis direction is projected on the screen 56 via the projection lens 12.

  The main body main key / indicator 15 and the main body subkey provided in the cover 17 constitute a key / indicator unit 43, and a key operation signal in the key / indicator unit 43 is directly input to the controller unit 39, and the controller The unit 39 directly lights / flashes the power / standby indicator 15p and the temperature indicator 15q, while the infrared light reception signals received by the Ir receiver unit 14 and the Ir receiver unit 19 are also directly input to the controller unit 39. .

  Next, a method for detecting the color level of the entire image by the phase difference sensor method used in the projector apparatus 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. Here, the color level of the entire image is detected by using the phase difference sensor 132 used for horizontal distance measurement among the two sets of phase difference sensors 131 and 132 provided in the projector apparatus 10. The same applies to the phase difference sensor 131 for vertical distance measurement. The two sets of phase difference sensors 131 and 132 are usually used for triangulation in the projector apparatus 10.

  FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a case where the phase difference sensor 132 used for horizontal distance measurement is viewed from above. The phase difference sensor 132 includes a pair of distance measuring lenses 13c and 13d and a pair of photo sensor arrays 51 and 52 disposed to face the distance measuring lenses 13c and 13d.

  The pair of photosensor arrays 51 and 52 constituting the phase difference sensor 132 is composed of a line sensor having several hundred bits of photosensors arranged in a row. These photosensors are divided into a plurality of groups, and usually multipoint ranging is performed for each group.

  Specifically, in the example shown in FIG. 4, the photosensors included in the photosensor arrays 51 and 52 are divided into three groups, and the right side is measured toward the screen 56 using the photosensors of the A1 and A2 groups. , Distance measurement is performed near the center of the screen 56 using the photosensors of the B1 and B2 groups, and distance measurement is performed on the left side toward the screen 56 using the photosensors of the C1 and C2 groups.

  In this embodiment, the vicinity of the center of the screen 56 is an observation target, and the color level of the entire image is detected using the A1 group of the photosensor array 51 or the C2 group of the photosensor array 52.

  FIG. 5 shows an example in which the red entire image 61 is displayed on the screen 56. If the phase difference sensors 131 and 132 use the A1 group or the C2 group, the color level near the center of the red entire image 61 is detected. be able to. The same applies to the case where the color level of the entire image near the center is detected by the phase difference sensor 131.

  FIG. 5 shows an example in which the entire red image 61 is displayed on the screen 56. However, the entire green image, the entire white image, and the entire blue image are individually displayed on the screen 56, and the entire image near the center is displayed. If the color level is detected, the reference level for each color can be detected, and the result may be stored in the image storage unit 40.

  The operation of the first embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS.

  FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the content of the wall color correction process as an interrupt process forcibly executed by the operation of the “WS” key 15r of the main body main indicator / indicator 15 in a state where the power is on. The CPU provided in the controller unit 39 is controlled by reading out and sequentially executing the operation program stored in the ROM.

  Here, the one-shot mode in which the wall color correction process is executed only once in response to the operation of the “WS” key 15r, and the second operation is performed again after the “WS” key 15r is operated for the first time. Until one of the continuous mode in which the wall color correction process is repeatedly executed continuously, the “menu” key 15g and the “up” key 15k of the main body main key / indicator 15, the “down” key 15l, In addition, it is assumed that the user arbitrarily switches and sets by operating the “Enter” key 15o or the like.

  At the beginning of the process, the operation waits for the “WS” key 15r to be operated (step A10). When it is determined that the “WS” key 15r has been operated, the operation up to that point is interrupted and interrupt processing is performed. In step A20, the first wall color correction process is executed (step A30).

  FIG. 7 is a subroutine showing the contents of the wall color correction process, FIG. 8 is a timing chart when the wall color correction process is performed, and FIG. 9 is a circuit configuration example of the sensor control unit 42. Initially, in the projection system including the projection lens 12, the controller unit 39 reads the image data of the entire red image stored in the image storage unit 40, and this image data is transferred from the scaler unit 32 via the display controller unit 33. Then, the image data of the entire red color image is transferred to the video RAM unit 34, and the image data of the entire red color image is stored in the video RAM unit 34, thereby projecting and displaying the entire red color image on the wall surface (step B10).

  At the same time, in step B10, the controller unit 39 outputs to the sensor control unit 42 in advance a notice command Nr indicating that the red brightness data when the entire red image is projected is acquired from the phase difference sensor 132. It is held in a latch provided in the sensor control unit 42. The sensor control unit 42 that has received the advance notice Nr counts the color wheel segment signal S8 and only when the color wheel segment turns red (a period in which the display color of the display element 36 matches the color of the segment). The sensor integration control signal S3r (see FIG. 8) that becomes high level during the period t2 to t3 is output to the phase difference sensor 132.

  Specifically, the notice command Nr (01) indicating red from the controller unit 39 is written by addressing to a latch circuit 42c provided in the sensor control unit 42. On the other hand, the counter circuit 42d loads “0” when the marker signal S9 serving as a load signal is input, and counts the color wheel segment signal S8 from 0 to 3. When the notice command Nr (01) matches the count value 01, a high-level pulse signal is output from the gate circuit 42f, and this pulse signal is output from the gate circuit 42i as a sensor integration control signal S3r. .

  On the other hand, the color wheel 45 rotates in synchronization with the synchronization signal S5 output from the display controller unit 33, and, as shown in FIG. 8, the segments are switched repeatedly in the order of blue, red, green, and white. The marker signal S9 is output from the CW control unit 44 to the sensor control unit 42 at time t1 in the period t0 to t2 during which the light source lamp 37 is irradiated. At the time of switching the segment color of the color wheel 45, the color wheel segment signal S8 is output from the CW control unit 44 to the sensor control unit 42.

  In the period t2 to t3, in a state where this red entire image is projected and displayed on the wall surface, first, the sensor control unit 42 outputs and drives the sensor integration control signal S3r to the phase difference sensor 132 for horizontal distance measurement. Next, in the period t3 to t4, the sensor output signal S4r output from the phase difference sensor 132 is input to the A / D converter 42a, and the brightness data Dr output from the A / D converter 42a is provided in the controller unit 39. By storing the data in the RAM, the brightness data in the horizontal direction of the entire red image displayed on the screen is sequentially read and acquired (step B20).

  Here, instead of the screen 56 shown in FIG. 4, in order to make the observation object near the center of the entire image projected on the wall surface, the brightness from the A1 group of the photosensor array 51 or the C2 group of the photosensor array 52 is used. What is necessary is just to detect data. That is, the controller unit 39 is projected onto the wall surface by using data at a position corresponding to the position of the above-described A1 group or C2 group in the brightness data Dr read from the A / D converter 42a into the RAM. The red brightness near the center of the entire red image 61 can be detected, and this red brightness data is stored in the internal RAM as Dr.

  Next, the controller unit 39 reads out the image data of the entire green image stored in the image storage unit 40 and transfers this image data from the scaler unit 32 to the video RAM unit 34 via the display controller unit 33. By storing the image data of the image in the video RAM unit 34, the entire green image is projected and displayed on the wall surface (step B30). At the same time, in step B <b> 30, the controller unit 39 outputs to the sensor control unit 42 in advance a notice command Ng indicating that the green brightness data obtained when the entire green image is projected is acquired from the phase difference sensor 132. The sensor control unit 42 that has received the notice command Ng counts the color wheel segment signal S8, and only when the color wheel segment turns green, the sensor integration control signal S3g that becomes high level during the period t3 to t4 (FIG. 8). Reference) is output to the phase difference sensor 132.

  Specifically, a notice command Ng (10) indicating green from the controller unit 39 is written by addressing to the latch circuit 42c. When the notice command Ng (10) matches the count value (10) of the counter circuit 42d, a high level pulse signal is output from the gate circuit 42g, and this pulse signal is output from the gate circuit 42i to the sensor integration control signal S3g. Is output as

  In a period from t3 to t4, the sensor control unit 42 first outputs the sensor integration control signal S3g to the phase difference sensor 132 and drives it in a state where the entire green image is projected and displayed on the wall surface. Next, in the period t4 to t5, the sensor output signal S4g output from the phase difference sensor 132 is input to the A / D converter 42a, and the brightness data Dg output from the A / D converter 42a is provided in the controller unit 39. By storing the data in the RAM, the brightness data in the horizontal direction of the entire green image displayed on the screen is sequentially read and acquired (step B40). At this time, if the controller unit 39 uses the data corresponding to the position of the above-described A1 group or C2 group in the brightness data Dg read from the A / D converter 42a into the RAM, the controller unit 39 projects the data onto the wall surface. The green brightness near the center of the entire green image can be detected, and this green brightness data is stored in the internal RAM as Dg.

  Next, the controller unit 39 reads the image data of the white whole surface image stored in the image storage unit 40, transfers this image data from the scaler unit 32 to the video RAM unit 34 via the display controller unit 33, and performs the entire white surface image. By storing the image data of the image in the video RAM unit 34, the white whole surface image is projected and displayed on the wall surface (step B50). At the same time, in step B <b> 30, the controller unit 39 outputs to the sensor control unit 42 in advance a notice command Nw indicating that white brightness data when a white full-color image is projected is acquired from the phase difference sensor 132. The sensor control unit 42 that has received the notice command Nw counts the color wheel segment signal S8, and only when the color wheel segment turns white, the sensor integration control signal S3w (see FIG. 8) that becomes high level during the period t4 to t5. Reference) is output to the phase difference sensor 132.

  Specifically, the notice command Nw (11) indicating white from the controller unit 39 is written by addressing to the latch circuit 42c. When the notice command Nw (11) matches the count value (11) of the counter circuit 42d, a high level pulse signal is output from the gate circuit 42h, and this pulse signal is output from the gate circuit 42i to the sensor integration control signal S3w. Is output as

  In the period t4 to t5, the sensor control unit 42 first outputs the sensor integration control signal S3w to the phase difference sensor 132 and drives it in a state in which the white whole surface image is projected and displayed on the wall surface. Next, in the period t5 to t6, the sensor output signal S4w output from the phase difference sensor 132 is input to the A / D converter 42a, and the brightness data Dw output from the A / D converter 42a is provided in the controller unit 39. By storing the data in the RAM, the brightness data in the horizontal direction of the entire green image displayed on the screen is sequentially read and acquired (step B60). At this time, if the controller unit 39 uses the data corresponding to the position of the above-described A1 group or C2 group in the brightness data Dw read into the RAM from the A / D converter 42a, it is projected on the wall surface. The white brightness near the center of the whole white image can be detected, and this white brightness data is stored in the internal RAM as Dw.

  Next, the controller unit 39 reads the image data of the blue entire surface image stored in the image storage unit 40, transfers this image data from the scaler unit 32 to the video RAM unit 34 via the display controller unit 33, and the blue entire surface image. By storing the image data of the image in the video RAM unit 34, the blue entire image is projected and displayed on the wall surface (step B70). At the same time, in step B <b> 30, the controller unit 39 outputs to the sensor control unit 42 in advance a notice command Nb indicating that the blue color brightness data obtained when the blue entire image is projected is acquired from the phase difference sensor 132. The sensor control unit 42 that has received the notice command Nb counts the color wheel segment signal S8, and only when the color wheel segment turns blue, the sensor integration control signal S3b that becomes high level during the period t5 to t6 (FIG. 8). Reference) is output to the phase difference sensor 132.

  Specifically, a notice command Nb (00) indicating blue from the controller unit 39 is written by addressing to the latch circuit 42c. When the notice command Nb (00) matches the count value (00) of the counter circuit 42d, a high-level pulse signal is output from the gate circuit 42e, and this pulse signal is output from the gate circuit 42i to the sensor integration control signal S3b. Is output as

  In a period from t5 to t6, the sensor control unit 42 first outputs the sensor integration control signal S3b to the phase difference sensor 132 and drives it in a state where the blue whole surface image is projected and displayed on the wall surface. Next, in the period t6 to t7, the sensor output signal S4b output from the phase difference sensor 132 is input to the A / D converter 42a, and the brightness data Db output from the A / D converter 42a is provided in the controller unit 39. By storing in the RAM, the lightness data in the horizontal direction of the entire blue image displayed on the screen is sequentially read and acquired (step B80). At this time, if the controller unit 39 uses the data corresponding to the position of the above-described A1 group or C2 group in the brightness data Db read from the A / D converter 42a into the RAM, the controller unit 39 projects the data onto the wall surface. The blue brightness near the center of the entire blue image can be detected, and this blue brightness data is stored in the internal RAM as Db.

  Next, the controller unit 39 reads the brightness data Drr, Drg, Drb, Drw serving as the three primary colors and the white reference when projected onto the white screen from the image storage unit 40, and near the center of the actually detected wall surface. Lightness data Dr, Dg, Db, Dw are read from the internal RAM. Next, the controller unit 39 calculates difference values ΔDr, ΔDg, ΔDb, ΔDw by subtracting the lightness data Dr, Dg, Db, Dw from the lightness data Drr, Drg, Drb, Drw serving as the reference (step B90).

  Next, the controller unit 39 corrects each correction coefficient αr for correcting the image projected on the wall surface to be a desired color image based on the difference values ΔDr, ΔDg, ΔDb, ΔDw calculated in step B90. , Αg, αb, αw are calculated (step B100). Here, in step B100, the correction coefficient is calculated as, for example, correction coefficient αr = ΔDr / Drr by dividing the difference value by reference brightness data.

  Similarly, correction coefficients αg, αb, and αw are calculated. The correction coefficient has a value in the range from 0 to 1.

Next, the controller unit 39 calculates, for example, Dir / (1−αr) for the video data Dir input to the scaler unit 32 at the bid rate using the correction coefficient αr calculated in step B100, and performs color correction. The generated new video data Dor is generated and output to the display controller unit.
Dor = Dir / (1-αr) (1)

  Similarly, using the correction coefficients αg, αb, αw, for example, Dig / (1-αg), Dib / (1-αb), Diw / (1-αw) are calculated, and a new image that has been color-corrected. Data Dog, Dob, and Dow are generated and output to the display controller unit.

  For example, if the range of Dir is set to 0 to 255, and new video data Dor = Dir / (1-αr) is calculated in advance using the obtained correction coefficient αr, the value is stored in the conversion table. Dor can be obtained by referring to the conversion table, and it is not necessary to perform the correction calculation as described above in real time of the input video signal. The same applies to Dig, Dib, and Diw.

  The video data is transferred from the scaler unit 32 to the video RAM unit 34 via the display controller unit 33, and the video data is stored in the video RAM unit 34, thereby being projected and displayed on the wall surface as described above. Next, the series of subroutines shown in FIG. 7 is temporarily terminated, and the process returns to the process shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 6, after executing the wall color correction process (WS) in step A30, it is determined whether or not the above-described continue mode is set at that time (step A40).

  Here, when it is determined that the continue mode is set, after confirming that the second “WS” key 15r is not operated (step A50), the process returns to step A30 and the wall color correction processing ( WS).

  In the state in which the continue mode is set in this way, the wall color correction process (WS) is continuously executed by repeatedly executing the processes of steps A30 to A50 until the second “WS” key 15d is operated. .

  If it is determined in step A50 that the second “WS” key 15r has been operated, or if it is determined in step A40 that the one-shot mode is set instead of the continue mode, a wall that is an interrupt process at that time A state for ending the color correction process (WS) is set (step A60). After returning to the previous operation, the process returns to the process from step A10 in preparation for the operation of the “WS” key 15r again.

  As described above, even in the DLP projection apparatus, when the user operates the “WS” key 15r of the main body main indicator / indicator 15, the entire image for each primary color is displayed on the display element 36 in response to the key operation. Sensor control to detect the brightness of the reflected light of the whole image projected on the wall surface by giving an integral control signal to the phase difference sensor only during the period when this display color and the color of the color wheel segment match Since the unit 42 controls, the brightness of the reflected light from the wall surface can be detected for each primary color, and the display element 36 is corrected by correcting the input image data for each primary color based on the correction coefficient relating to the brightness for each primary color. Therefore, optimal wall color correction processing can be performed in accordance with the lightness of each primary color of the wall surface.

  In addition, based on the primary color type of the entire surface image given to the display element 36, the segment signal indicating the switching timing of the segment of the color wheel, and the marker signal indicating the position of the marker provided on the outer periphery of the color wheel, Since the sensor control unit 42 controls to generate an integral control signal and apply it to the phase difference sensor to detect the brightness, the brightness of the reflected light from the wall surface can be detected for each primary color of the segment.

  The segment of the color wheel 45 is composed of a set of primary colors of red, green, and blue, or a set of primary colors of red, green, blue, and white. The image storage unit 40 matches the segments of the color wheel with red. Each color image is stored for each primary color on the wall surface, and the brightness is used as a reference for color correction consisting of a set of primary colors of green and blue, or a set of primary colors of red, green, blue and white. A correction coefficient for brightness can be calculated.

  Further, the brightness of a predetermined target point of the entire image projected on the wall surface can be detected by a phase difference sensor for measuring a horizontal or vertical distance between the entire image projected on the wall surface. . In the above embodiment, the phase difference sensor is used. However, the sensor is not limited to the phase difference sensor, and any sensor can be used as long as it can acquire brightness data when a full-color image of each color is projected. For example, a general-purpose image sensor such as a CCD or C-MOS may be used. A color or monochrome image sensor can be realized in the same manner.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The projection apparatus according to the present embodiment uses an LED light source instead of the light source lamp that emits white light in the first embodiment.

  The projection apparatus according to the present embodiment uses the light source lamp 37 as the LED light source and deletes the color wheel 45 from the functional configuration block of the projection apparatus according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. Thus, a control unit that performs lighting control of the LED light source is provided.

  Here, the LED light source is composed of LEDs that emit red light, green light, and blue light, respectively. In addition, the control unit that controls the lighting of the LED light source controls the lighting of each LED constituting the LED light source, and emits white light by simultaneously lighting red light, green light, blue light, and all LEDs. .

  Furthermore, the control part which performs lighting control of LED light source produces | generates the signal equivalent to the color wheel marker signal S7 and color wheel segment signal S8 in 1st Embodiment from the signal which carries out lighting control of each LED.

  Specifically, for example, a signal corresponding to the color wheel segment signal S8 may be realized by generating a one-shot pulse having a predetermined pulse width triggered by a rising edge of a signal that controls lighting of each LED. The signal corresponding to the color wheel marker signal S7 is realized, for example, by generating a one-shot pulse having a predetermined pulse width triggered by the falling edge of the signal corresponding to the color wheel segment signal S8 of the blue LED. May be.

  Thus, the signal corresponding to the generated color wheel marker signal S7 and the signal corresponding to the color wheel segment signal S8 are input to the logic circuit as shown in FIG. 9, and the sensor integration control signal synchronized with the color development period of the LED light source. S1 and S3 are output.

  In FIG. 4, the image pickup signals from the photosensor arrays 51 and 52 are integrated by sensor integration control signals S1 and S3 synchronized with the coloring period of the LED light source output from the logic circuit as shown in FIG. The integrated signals are sent to the sensor control unit 42 as integrated sensor output signals S2 and S4 in FIG. The integrated sensor output signals S 2 and S 4 are digitized by the sensor control unit 42 and sent to the controller unit 39.

  The controller unit 39 detects the phases (x1, x2) of the photosensor arrays 51, 52 from the integrated sensor output signals S2, S4, and calculates the distance to the subject 53 based on the above equation (1). To do. Then, the controller unit 39 gives a control signal to the zoom / focus control unit 38 based on the calculated distance, and appropriately moves the zoom position and the focus position.

  As described above, in the embodiment of the present invention, optimal wall color correction processing can be performed according to the lightness of each primary color of the wall surface, as in the first embodiment. Further, since the LED is used as the light source, the configuration near the light source can be simplified and the apparatus can be reduced in size as compared with the first embodiment. Further, since the LED is used, it is possible to provide a projection apparatus that generates little heat, has a long life, and saves power.

  In addition, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

  Further, the embodiments include inventions at various stages, and various inventions can be extracted by appropriately combining a plurality of disclosed constituent elements. For example, even if some constituent elements are deleted from all the constituent elements shown in the embodiment, at least one of the problems described in the column of the problem to be solved by the invention can be solved, and described in the column of the effect of the invention. In a case where at least one of the obtained effects can be obtained, a configuration in which this configuration requirement is deleted can be extracted as an invention.

  In addition, the method described in the above-described embodiment is a program that can be executed by a computer. The program can be written on a medium and applied to various apparatuses, or the program itself can be transmitted through a transmission medium such as a network and applied to various apparatuses. A computer that implements this apparatus reads a program recorded on a recording medium or a program provided via a transmission medium, and performs the above-described processing by controlling operations by this program.

It is a figure which shows the external appearance structure at the time of taking a small projector apparatus as an example as a projection apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the arrangement configuration of the main body main key / indicator provided in the projector apparatus of this embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the function structure of the electronic circuit of the projector apparatus of this embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the multipoint ranging of this embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating that the red whole surface image of the projector apparatus of this embodiment was displayed on the white screen. It is a flowchart which shows the processing content with respect to WS key operation of the projector apparatus of this embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the processing content of the subroutine of the wall color correction process (WS) of the projector apparatus of this embodiment. It is a timing chart which shows the relationship between the sensor integration control signal controlled by the sensor control part of the projector apparatus of this embodiment, and a sensor output signal. It is a figure which shows the specific circuit structure of the sensor control part of the projector apparatus of this embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Projector apparatus, 11 ... Main body casing, 12 ... Projection lens, 13a, 13b, 13c, 13d ... Distance measuring lens, 14 ... Ir receiver, 15 ... Main body main key / indicator, 15a ... Power key, 15b ... Zoom key, 15c ... Focus key, 15d ... "AFK" key, 15e ... "Input" key, 15f ... "Auto" key, 15p ... Power / standby indicator, 15q ... Temperature indicator, 16 ... Speaker, 17 ... Cover, 18 ... Input / output connector, 19 ... Ir receiver, 20 ... AC adapter connection, 21 ... Fixed leg, 22 ... Adjustment leg, 31 ... Input / output interface (I / F), 31a , 31b, 31c ... video A / D converter, 32 ... scaler part, 33 ... display controller part, 34 ... video RAM, 35 ... display drive unit, 36 ... display element, 37 ... light source lamp, 38 ... lens motor (M), 39 ... controller unit, 39a ... distance measurement result storage unit, 40 ... image storage unit, 41 ... audio processing unit 42 ... sensor control unit, 43 ... key / indicator unit, SB ... system bus, 51,52 ... photo sensor array, 54,55 ... subject image, 56 ... screen, 61 ... horizontal chart image, 62-64 ... white line, P1 to 3 ... measurement points, 71 ... vertical chart image, 72 to 74 ... white line, P4 to 6 ... measurement points, 131, 132 ... phase difference sensor.

Claims (9)

In a projection device that rotates a color wheel having color-coded segments, irradiates the segment with white light and irradiates the transmitted light onto the display element, and projects the reflected light from the display element onto the screen.
Reference image storage means for storing the brightness and reference image as a reference for color correction for each segment;
Brightness detection means for detecting the brightness of the reflected light of the reference image projected on the wall surface,
The reference image for each segment read out from the reference image storage means is given to the display element, and the lightness detection means detects the lightness only during a period in which the display color of the display element matches the color of the segment. Brightness detection control means to control,
Calculation means for calculating a correction coefficient relating to the lightness of each segment based on the lightness of the reference image for each segment detected by the lightness detection means and the lightness serving as a color correction reference read from the reference image storage means. When,
Correction means for correcting the input image data for each segment based on the correction coefficient for each segment;
A projection apparatus, comprising: projection means for applying the image data corrected by the correction means to the display element and projecting the image data onto the wall surface. The brightness detection control means includes
Based on the type of primary color of the reference image given to the display element, a segment signal indicating the switching timing of the segment of the color wheel, and a marker signal indicating the position of a marker provided on the outer periphery of the color wheel The projection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an integration control signal is generated. The color wheel segment comprises a set of red, green and blue colors, or a set of red, green, blue and white colors,
The reference image storage means adjusts the lightness to be a reference for color correction consisting of a set of red, green, and blue colors or a set of red, green, blue, and white colors according to the segments of the color wheel. The projection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a reference image is stored. The brightness detection means includes
The brightness of a predetermined target point of the reference image projected on the wall surface is detected by a phase difference sensor for measuring a horizontal or vertical distance from the reference image projected on the wall surface. The projection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: Rotating a color wheel with color-coded segments, illuminating this segment with white light, irradiating the transmitted light onto the display element, and projecting reflected light from the display element onto the screen wall color correction In the method
The reference image for each segment read from the reference image storage unit that stores the brightness and reference image for each color segment as a reference for color correction is given to the display element, and the display color of the display element and the color of the segment Brightness detection control step for controlling the brightness to be detected by a brightness detection unit that detects the brightness of the reflected light of the reference image projected on the wall surface only during a period in which
Calculation for calculating a correction coefficient relating to the lightness of each segment based on the lightness of the reference image detected for each segment by the lightness detection unit and the lightness used as a color correction reference read from the reference image storage unit Steps,
A correction step of correcting the input image data for each segment based on the correction coefficient for each segment;
A wall color correction method for a projection apparatus, wherein the image data corrected by the correction step is provided to the display element and projected onto the wall surface. Built in a projection device that rotates a color wheel having color-coded segments, irradiates the segment with white light and irradiates the transmitted light onto the display element, and projects the reflected light from the display element onto the screen. In a program executed by a computer,
The reference image for each segment read out from the reference image storage unit that stores the brightness and reference image for each segment as a reference for color correction is given to the display element, and the display color of the display element and the color of the segment are A brightness detection control step for controlling the brightness to be detected by a brightness detection unit that detects the brightness of the reflected light of the reference image projected on the wall surface only during the matching period;
A calculation step of calculating a correction coefficient related to the brightness for each segment based on the brightness of the reference image for each segment detected by the brightness detection unit and the brightness for reference for color correction read from the reference image storage unit. When,
The computer executes a correction step for correcting the input image data for each segment based on the correction coefficient for each segment. By controlling the lighting of an LED light source composed of LEDs that emit red light, green light, and blue light, the display element is irradiated with colored light from the LED light source, and the reflected light from the display element is projected onto the screen. In the projection device,
Reference image storage means for storing brightness and a reference image as a reference for color correction for each colored light from the LED light source;
Brightness detection means for detecting the brightness of the reflected light of the reference image projected on the wall surface,
A reference image for each color light emitted from the LED light source read from the reference image storage means is given to the display element, and only during a period in which the display color of the display element matches the color of the color light emitted from the LED light source, Brightness detection control means for controlling the brightness to be detected by the brightness detection means;
Based on the lightness of the reference image for each color light emitted from the LED light source detected by the lightness detection means and the lightness used as a reference for color correction read from the reference image storage means, for each color light emitted from the LED light source Calculating means for calculating a correction coefficient relating to the brightness of
Correction means for correcting the input image data for each segment based on the correction coefficient for each color light emitted from the LED light source;
A projection apparatus, comprising: projection means for applying the image data corrected by the correction means to the display element and projecting the image data onto the wall surface. By controlling the lighting of an LED light source composed of LEDs that emit red light, green light, and blue light, the display element is irradiated with colored light from the LED light source, and the reflected light from the display element is projected onto the screen. In the wall color correction method of the projection device,
A reference image for each color light emitted from the LED light source read from a reference image storage unit that stores the brightness and reference image for color correction for each color light emitted from the LED light source is provided to the display element. Control is performed so that the brightness is detected by the brightness detection unit that detects the brightness of the reflected light of the reference image projected on the wall surface only during a period in which the display color of the LED light source matches the color of the color light emitted from the LED light source. A brightness detection control step;
Each color light from the LED light source based on the lightness of the reference image for each color light emitted from the LED light source detected by the lightness detection unit and the lightness as a reference for color correction read from the reference image storage unit A calculation step for calculating a correction coefficient relating to the brightness of
A correction step of correcting the input image data for each segment based on a correction coefficient for each color light emitted from the LED light source;
A wall color correction method for a projection apparatus, wherein the image data corrected by the correction step is provided to the display element and projected onto the wall surface. By controlling the lighting of an LED light source composed of LEDs that emit red light, green light, and blue light, the display element is irradiated with colored light from the LED light source, and the reflected light from the display element is projected onto the screen. In a program executed by a computer incorporated in the projection apparatus,
A reference image for each color light emitted from the LED light source read from a reference image storage unit that stores the brightness and reference image for color correction for each color light emitted from the LED light source is provided to the display element. Control is performed so that the brightness is detected by the brightness detection unit that detects the brightness of the reflected light of the reference image projected on the wall surface only during a period in which the display color of the LED light source matches the color of the color light emitted from the LED light source. A brightness detection control step;
Each color light from the LED light source based on the lightness of the reference image for each color light emitted from the LED light source detected by the lightness detection unit and the lightness as a reference for color correction read from the reference image storage unit A calculation step for calculating a correction coefficient relating to the brightness of
The computer executes a correction step of correcting the input image data for each segment based on a correction coefficient for each color light emitted from the LED light source.

Images