JP2008023646A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lateral machine tool capable of miniaturizing an installation area, reducing the effect of vibration and having superior machining precision and machining quality. <P>SOLUTION: This machine tool is provided with a main spindle 2 having an axis along the front/rear direction and movable in the front/rear direction, and a tool base 4 positioned in front of the main spindle 2, or the front face side, and movable in the vertical direction. A bed 1 has a box shape, the main spindle 2 is installed on an upper face plate 1b of the bed 1, and the tool base 4 is installed on the front face plate 1c of the bed 1. The tool base 4 is disposed inside the front face plate 1c and a lifting/lowering driving mechanism 16 for driving the tool base 4 is disposed outside the front face plate 1c. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a machine tool such as a lathe.

Conventionally, in machine tools, there are a horizontal type in which the main axis is horizontal and a vertical type in which the main axis is vertical. For lathes, the horizontal type is the mainstream from various viewpoints.
As a horizontal lathe, a turret tool post with a turret center parallel to the main spindle is installed on the side of the main spindle via the feed base, and the turret tool post can be moved in the cutting direction with respect to the main spindle by the feed base. (For example, Patent Document 1). The movement in the feed direction is performed by advancing and retreating the upper feed table in the axial direction with two feed beds stacked.
In addition, there are those in which the center of the turret is installed in a direction that is horizontal and perpendicular to the main axis, and in which the tool post is installed on the inclined surface of the bed so as to be movable along the inclination direction (for example, Patent Document 2). is there. The machine tool of Patent Document 2 is an opposed two-axis lathe, with one main shaft fixed in position and the turret tool post being moved in two orthogonal axes, and the other main shaft being able to advance and retreat in the axial direction. The turret tool post only advances and retreats in one direction.
Japanese Patent No. 2606511 Japanese Patent No. 3206154

In each of the above conventional horizontal machine tools, the tool post is movable in two orthogonal axes as a configuration in which the tool supported in the spindle is moved in two axes in the feed direction and the cutting direction. Alternatively, the main spindle can be moved in the axial direction, and the tool post can be moved only in one axial direction. However, since the movement of the tool rest is in the horizontal direction or the tilt direction, a space for moving the tool rest is required in plan view.
Therefore, in conventional horizontal machine tools, the size in plan view occupied by the components of the spindle and the turret system is not limited to the size of the spindle and the turret system. A space is required to allow this. This increases the occupied floor area and requires a large installation area when installing a large number of machine tools in a factory.

An object of the present invention is to provide a horizontal machine tool that can minimize the installation area, is less affected by vibration, and is excellent in processing accuracy and processing quality.
Another object of the present invention is to simplify the configuration.
Still another object of the present invention is to simplify maintenance work.

The machine tool according to the present invention includes a main shaft having an axial center along the front-rear direction and movable in the front-rear direction, and a tool post positioned in front of the main shaft on the front side and movable in the vertical direction.
According to this configuration, since the tool rest is movable in the vertical direction, an occupied floor area for obtaining a moving space of the tool rest is unnecessary, and the installation area can be reduced. In this case, since the tool post is disposed in front of the spindle, the horizontal width of the machine tool can be reduced, and the horizontal width of the machine tool can be minimized in combination with the fact that the floor area for moving the tool post is unnecessary. Therefore, when a large number of machine tools are installed side by side in the factory, the arrangement width can be reduced.
In addition, it is necessary to move the tool in two orthogonal axes for machining. However, the main spindle can be moved in the front-rear direction to share the movement in one axis, and the tool post can be moved only in the vertical direction. In order to make the table movable in two orthogonal axes, the accuracy and rigidity between the tool rest and the spindle are higher than those in which the feed table has a two-stage structure. Therefore, the influence of vibration is reduced, and the processing accuracy and processing quality are excellent.

In this invention, the bed is placed between a pair of opposing side plate portions, the upper end plate portion provided at the rear of the side plate portions across the upper ends of the side plate portions on both sides, and the front ends of the side plate portions on both sides. The main shaft may be installed on the upper surface plate portion of the bed, and the tool post may be installed on the front plate portion of the bed.
By making the bed into a box shape in this way, the main shaft can be moved in the front-rear direction and the tool post can be moved in the vertical direction.

When such a box-shaped bed is used, the tool post may be arranged inside the front plate part, and the lifting drive mechanism for driving the tool post may be arranged outside the front plate part.
In the case of this configuration, maintenance work can be easily performed because the elevating drive mechanism for driving the tool post is outside the front plate portion. The tool post is inside the front plate part and is located in the chip generation space, but since the lifting drive mechanism is outside the front plate part, it is cut off from the chip generation space by the front plate part, and the lifting drive mechanism There is also an advantage that is less susceptible to the influence of chips and coolant.

The machine tool of the present invention includes a spindle that has an axial center along the front-rear direction and is movable in the front-rear direction, and a tool post that is positioned in front of the main spindle on the front side and is movable in the vertical direction. Although it is a horizontal machine tool, the installation area can be minimized, the influence of vibration is reduced, and the processing accuracy and processing quality are excellent.
The bed is provided between a pair of opposing side plate portions, an upper surface plate portion provided at the rear portion of the side plate portions, and a front end of the side plate portions on both sides. In the case of a box shape having a front plate portion, the main shaft is installed on the upper plate portion of the bed, and the tool post is installed on the front plate portion of the bed, the configuration is simplified.
When this box-shaped bed is used, the tool post is arranged inside the front plate part, and the lifting drive mechanism for driving the tool post is arranged outside the front plate part, the maintenance work is simplified. The advantage of making it possible can also be obtained.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This machine tool A is composed of a turret lathe, and a movable spindle stock 3 that supports a spindle 2 is installed on a bed 1 so as to be able to advance and retract in the front-rear direction (Z-axis direction). A tool post 4 made of a turret is disposed in front of the turret 4 so as to be movable in the vertical direction (X-axis direction). The tool post 4 is installed below the axis O of the main shaft 3. The main shaft 2 faces in the front-rear direction (Z-axis direction), and a main shaft chuck 2a is provided at the front end. The main shaft 2 and the tool post 4 constitute a processing means 5.

  The bed 1 includes a pair of opposing side surface plate portions 1a, an upper surface plate portion 1b provided at the rear of the side surface plate portion 1a across the upper ends of the side surface plate portions 1a, and front ends of the side surface plate portions 1a on both sides. It has a box shape having a front plate portion 1c that is vertically provided between them. From the front end of the upper surface plate portion 1b of the bed 1, the intermediate standing plate portion 1d extends and extends, and the lower end of the intermediate standing plate portion 1d continues to the bottom plate portion 1e. The intermediate standing plate portion 1d is inclined so that the lower portion is retracted, and the portion where the intermediate standing plate portion 1d and the bottom plate portion 1e continue is a curved plate having an arcuate cross section. A space 26 between the intermediate standing plate portion 1d and the front plate portion 1c of the bed 1 is a processing space in which the tool rest 4 is located and serves as a chip discharge space.

  In the lower portion of the bed, which is a portion below the bottom plate portion 1e of the bed 1, portions near the left and right ends serve as leg portions 1f (FIG. 3), and a space between these leg portions 1f serves as a coolant tank arrangement space 6. The leg portion 1f extends over the entire length in the front-rear direction of the bed 1, and includes a pair of opposing leg side plates 1fa and a leg bottom plate 1fb extending between the lower ends of the leg side plates 1fa.

1 and 2, the head stock 3 is installed on the upper surface plate portion 1 b of the bed 1 so as to be able to advance and retract in the front-rear direction via the main shaft guide means 7. The spindle guide means 7 comprises a pair of front and rear guide rails 7a provided extending in the front-rear direction on both the left and right sides of the headstock 3, and a guided body 7b that is movable back and forth on each front and rear guide rail 7a. The guide body 7b is composed of a linear motion rolling bearing or the like. The front and rear guide rails 7 a are installed on the left and right guide means support bases 8 provided on the upper surface plate portion 1 b of the bed 1. The guided body 7b is attached to the lower surface of the overhanging piece 3a provided so as to protrude from both the left and right side surfaces of the headstock 3, and is provided at two positions on the left and right sides. The height position of the overhang portion 3 a is set to be substantially the same height position as the axis of the main shaft 2.
The headstock 3 includes a bearing that rotatably supports the main shaft 2 and a main shaft motor (not shown) that rotates the main shaft 2, and a drive device 9 that opens and closes the chuck 2 a is installed at the rear part.

  A back-and-forth moving mechanism 10 for moving the headstock 3 back and forth is located below the headstock 3 and is installed on the upper surface plate portion 1 b of the bed 1. The forward / backward moving mechanism 10 includes a spindle advance / retreat drive motor 11 installed on the bed 1 below the headstock 3 and a ball screw 12. The ball screw 12 has a screw shaft rotatably mounted on the bed 1 and connected to the motor shaft of the spindle advance / retreat drive motor 11, and a nut is attached to the lower surface of the headstock 3. The forward / backward movement mechanism 10 may be a linear motor.

  The tool post 4 is formed of a turret, and tools 32 such as a cutting tool and a rotary tool are attached to a plurality of locations on the outer peripheral surface. The tool post 4 is rotatably mounted on the lifting platform 13, and an arbitrary tool 32 is moved to the upper end position corresponding to the spindle 2 by an indexing motor (not shown) built in the lifting platform 13. Indexing is possible. The rotation axis O2 of the tool post 4 is slightly inclined so that the main shaft 2 side faces upward.

  The elevator 13 is installed on the front plate 1c of the bed 1 so as to be movable up and down via the elevator guide means 15, and is moved up and down by an elevator drive mechanism 16 installed outside the front plate 1c. The front plate portion 1c of the bed 1 has an opening 17 extending vertically in the center, and the lifting platform 13 is a portion protruding from the opening to the outer surface of the front plate portion 1c. Then, drive transmission is performed by the lift drive mechanism 16.

  The elevating guide means 15 includes a pair of elevating guide rails 15a and guided bodies 15b that can move back and forth on each elevating guide rail 15a. The guided bodies 15b include linear motion rolling bearings and the like. The elevating guide rail 15 a is provided on the outer surface of the front plate portion 1 c of the bed 1 so as to extend vertically on both sides of the opening 17. The guided body 15b is attached to an overhanging portion 13a that protrudes from the left and right sides of the lifting platform 13, and is provided at two locations on the left and right.

  The lifting / lowering movement mechanism 16 includes a lifting / lowering motor 18 installed on the outer surface of the front plate portion 1 c and a ball screw 19. The screw shaft of the ball screw 19 is rotatably installed on the front plate portion 1 c and connected to the motor shaft of the lifting motor 18, and a nut is attached to the front of the lifting platform 13. The elevating drive mechanism 16 may be a linear motor.

  The raising / lowering moving mechanism 16 and the raising / lowering guide means 15 are accommodated in the protrusion width of the surrounding wall part 1g protruded ahead from the perimeter of the outer periphery of the front plate part 1c of the bed 1.

An upper space where the headstock 3 on the bed 1 is installed is covered with a body cover 19. The body cover 19 has a front door 20 on the front side of the upper surface plate portion 1b of the bed 1, and the front door 20 is provided with an internal peeping window 21.
A control panel 22 for controlling the machine tool is installed along the back surface of the bed 1. The control panel 22 may be attached to the bed 1 via an attachment member (not shown) or may be installed on the floor via a support base (not shown). good.

  A coolant tank 25 is attached to the lower part of the bed 1 so as to float from the floor surface F on which the bed 1 is placed. As described above, the lower part of the bed 1 has left and right side portions as leg portions 1 f, and the space 6 between these leg portions 1 f becomes the arrangement space for the coolant tank 25. The coolant tank 25 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped box shape extending in the front-rear direction of the bed 1, and has a cross-sectional dimension in which the space 6 between the leg portions 1f is substantially filled.

  The coolant tank 25 extends from the front end to the rear end of the bed 1 and further protrudes from the back of the bed. At the rear end of the coolant tank 25, a circulation motor 27 for circulating the coolant inside is provided. The chip discharge space 26 which is a space between the front plate portion 1c and the intermediate standing plate portion 1d of the bed 1 has a lower surface open, and a portion corresponding to the chip discharge space 26 of the coolant tank 25 is an upper surface. Is open.

  The coolant tank 25 is attached to the bed 1 by, for example, attaching pieces (not shown) provided at a plurality of locations of the coolant tank 25 to the lower surface of the bottom plate portion 1e of the bed 1 or the leg portions 1f on both sides of the bed 1. And a fastening member such as a bolt and a nut (not shown). The coolant tank 25 may be attached to the bed 1 in a suspended state, or a support member provided between the leg portions 1f on both sides of the bed 1 or protruding inward from the leg portions 1f (see FIG. (Not shown).

  A chip conveyor 28 is provided in the coolant tank 25. The chip conveyor 28 is configured to freely rotate an endless conveyor rotating body 29 made of a net or a belt with a hole that passes oil and prevents the passage of chips into a conveyor case 30 via a guide 31 such as a roller. Is provided. The conveyor rotating body 29 is rotationally driven by a conveyor driving motor 31 provided at the rear end of the chip conveyor 28. The conveyor case 30 of the chip conveyor 28 has an open upper surface at a portion corresponding to the chip discharge space 26 of the bed 1. The chip conveyor 28 is formed as an inclined portion 28a in which a portion protruding backward from the bed 1 is inclined upward, and discharges chips of the conveyor rotating body 29 from the upper end of the inclined portion 28a.

  The chip conveyor 28 is attached to the bed 1 via the coolant tank 25 or directly. In this embodiment, the chip conveyor 28 is placed on the bottom surface inside the coolant tank 25, and the coolant tank 25 is attached to the head 1 with this chip conveyor 28 placed.

  FIG. 4 shows a state in which a plurality of machine tools A of this embodiment are installed side by side.

  The machine tool A having this configuration moves in the feed direction and the cutting direction of the tool 32 with respect to a workpiece (not shown) supported by the spindle 2 by moving the spindle stock 3 back and forth and moving the tool post 4 up and down. Is given and processing is performed.

  According to this machine tool A, since the tool post 4 is movable in the vertical direction, an occupied floor area for obtaining a moving space of the tool post 4 is not required, and the installation area can be reduced. In this case, since the tool post 4 is disposed in front of the spindle 2, the lateral width of the machine tool A can be reduced from this point. Therefore, coupled with the fact that the floor area for moving the tool post 4 is unnecessary, the lateral width of the machine tool A can be minimized. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, when a large number of machine tools A are installed side by side in the factory, the arrangement width can be reduced. In this embodiment, since the center O2 of the turret type tool post 4 is inclined in the front-rear direction, the size of the machine tool A in the front-rear direction is reduced while the tool post 4 is installed in front of the spindle 2. Is done.

  In addition, since the main shaft 2 is movable in the front-rear direction, the movement in one axial direction (Z-axis direction) is shared, and the tool post 4 is movable only in the vertical direction, that is, because each axis is independently installed on the bed 1. In order to make the conventional tool post 4 movable in the directions of two orthogonal axes, the rigidity between the tool post 4 and the main spindle 2 is higher than that of a structure in which the feed stands are stacked in two stages. Therefore, the influence of vibration is reduced, and the processing accuracy and processing quality are excellent. The accuracy itself is superior to that of a conventional feed base having a two-stage structure. Since the inertia force at the time of raising / lowering the tool post 4 is received by the vertical section having a large rigidity in the bed 1, that is, by the front plate portion 1 c, this also reduces the influence of vibration.

Since the bed 1 has a box shape and has a front plate portion 1c in front of the chip discharge space 26, the main shaft 2 is movable in the front-rear direction and the tool post 4 is movable in the vertical direction. As a result, a simple configuration can be obtained.
Moreover, although such a box-shaped bed 1 is used, the tool post 4 is arranged inside the front plate part 1c, and the elevating drive mechanism 16 for driving the tool post 4 is arranged outside the front plate part 1c. Therefore, maintenance of the lifting drive mechanism 16 can be performed from the outside of the machine. Therefore, maintenance work can be performed easily. Although the tool post 4 is inside the front plate portion 1c and is located in the chip generation space 26, since the elevating drive mechanism 16 is outside the front plate portion 1c, from the chip discharge space 26 where chips are generated. There is also an advantage that the elevating drive mechanism 16 is not easily affected by chips or coolant because it is blocked by the front plate portion 1c.

  Furthermore, since the front door 20 is located above the tool rest 4 in the machine tool A, maintenance work such as tool replacement for the tool rest 4 can be easily performed. The bed 1 has a box shape, and has a chip discharge space 26 therein, and a chip conveyor 28 extending rearward from the chip discharge space 26 is provided. When a plurality of machines A are arranged side by side, the chip conveyor 28 does not interfere with the arrangement, and the arrangement width can be reduced.

Moreover, according to this machine tool A, since the coolant tank 25 is lifted from the floor surface F and is attached to the bed 1, the mass of the coolant tank 25 and the coolant therein is added to the mass of the bed 1. Therefore, vibrations during movement of the tool post 4 and cutting vibrations during processing are easily absorbed by the bed 1 and vibration resistance is improved. Thereby, the noise accompanying vibration is reduced, and the reduction in machining quality due to vibration is alleviated, and the machining quality is improved. In this embodiment, since the chip conveyor 28 is disposed in the coolant tank 25 and attached to the bed 1, the mass of the chip conveyor 28 is also added as the mass of the bed 1. Therefore, the mass of the bed 1 can be further increased, and the vibration resistance can be further enhanced.
As for the arrangement of the coolant tank 25, the space between the leg portions 1f below the bed 1 is the coolant tank arrangement space 26, so that no extra space is required for the installation of the coolant tank 25, and the machine tool A as a whole is more compact. Can be achieved. Further, since the coolant tank 25 is disposed between the leg portions 1f of the bed 1, there is an advantage that the coolant tank 25 can be easily inserted and removed and installed.

  In addition, although the said embodiment demonstrated about the case where it applied to a lathe, this invention is applicable also to a grinding machine etc.

It is a fracture side view of a machine tool concerning one embodiment of this invention. It is a top view of the machine tool. It is a front view of the machine tool. It is a front view which shows the state which arranged the multiple machine tools side by side.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Bed 1a ... Side surface plate part 1b ... Upper surface plate part 1c ... Front plate part 1d ... Middle standing plate part 1e ... Bottom plate part 1f ... Leg part 2 ... Main axis 3 ... Main frame 4 ... Turret base 5 ... Processing means 6 ... Coolant Tank arrangement space 7 ... Spindle guide means 9 ... Chuck opening / closing drive device 10 ... Previous moving mechanism 13 ... Elevating platform 15 ... Elevating guide means 16 ... Elevating drive mechanism 17 ... Opening 25 ... Coolant tank 28 ... Chip conveyor A ... Machine tool F ... Floor O ... Spindle axis O2 ... Turret axis of rotation

Claims (3)

  A machine tool comprising a main shaft having an axial center along the front-rear direction and movable in the front-rear direction, and a tool post positioned in front of the main shaft on the front side and movable in the vertical direction.   The bed is provided between a pair of opposing side plate portions, an upper surface plate portion provided at the rear portion of the side plate portions, and a front end of the side plate portions on both sides. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the machine tool has a box shape having a front plate portion, the spindle is installed on the upper plate portion of the bed, and the tool post is installed on the front plate portion of the bed. The machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the tool post is disposed inside the front plate part, and an elevating drive mechanism for driving the tool post is arranged outside the front plate part.

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