JP2008020577A - Fixing device and image forming apparatus - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、複写機、プリンタ、ファクシミリまたはそれらの複合機等の電子写真方式の画像形成装置においてトナー画像の熱定着に使用される定着装置及びそれを用いた画像形成装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a fixing device used for thermal fixing of a toner image in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus such as a copying machine, a printer, a facsimile, or a composite machine thereof, and an image forming apparatus using the same.
弾性層と熱源を有する加熱手段と、無端状部材と加圧部材を有する加圧手段を備え、未定着のトナー像を付着させたまま記録媒体を搬送して前記無端状部材を前記加熱手段で形成されるニップ部を通過させ、前記記録媒体上の未定着トナー像を定着する定着装置に関しては、種々の提案がなされているが、従来の技術は、定着装置として表面が弾性変形する回転可能な加熱ローラに出口部を局所的に弾性変形させる加圧部材を圧接させ、ニップ部を形成し、その間に送り込まれる記録媒体上のトナー像を加圧及び加熱し、定着するベルトニップ方式である。しかしながら、このベルトニップ方式の定着装置では、出口部の局所的な変形による速度差から画像ズレが生じやすいという課題がある。更に、加熱ローラの弾性層を硬質部材で押圧することで局所的に弾性層に歪を設け、曲率の小さいニップ形状を作ることがら、用紙に与える負荷(ペーパーダメージ、及びカール量)が大きくなる。 A heating unit having an elastic layer and a heat source; and a pressing unit having an endless member and a pressing member. The recording medium is transported with an unfixed toner image attached to the endless member by the heating unit. Various proposals have been made regarding a fixing device that passes through a nip portion to be formed and fixes an unfixed toner image on the recording medium. However, the conventional technology is a rotatable fixing device whose surface is elastically deformed. This is a belt nip method in which a pressure member that locally elastically deforms the outlet portion is pressed against a heating roller, a nip portion is formed, and a toner image on the recording medium fed therebetween is pressed and heated to be fixed. . However, this belt nip type fixing device has a problem that image misalignment is likely to occur due to a speed difference due to local deformation of the exit portion. Furthermore, the elastic layer of the heating roller is pressed with a hard member to locally strain the elastic layer and create a nip shape with a small curvature, which increases the load on the paper (paper damage and curl amount). .
そこで特許文献1には、逆クラウン形状の加圧部材で、弾性体層の硬さが中央より端部が硬くなるよう、発泡の密度を変えるものが開示されている。また特許文献2には、加熱体がクラウン形状で、複数のローラとともに外周に無端フィルムを備え、逆クラウン形状の加圧回転体を加熱体に対向させて加圧する定着装置が開示されている。さらに特許文献3には、ゴム層の厚みが0.5〜10mm、硬度8(JIS−A)以下で外径28mm以下である加熱ローラが開示されている。またさらに特許文献4には、弾性体層の硬度が15〜55度(Asker−C)で永久歪(圧縮)が0.5〜5%のローラが開示されている。 Therefore, Patent Document 1 discloses a pressure member having an inverted crown shape, in which the density of foaming is changed so that the end of the elastic layer is harder than the center. Patent Document 2 discloses a fixing device in which a heating body has a crown shape, an endless film is provided on the outer periphery together with a plurality of rollers, and a pressure rotating body having an inverted crown shape is pressed against the heating body. Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a heating roller having a rubber layer thickness of 0.5 to 10 mm, a hardness of 8 (JIS-A) or less and an outer diameter of 28 mm or less. Further, Patent Document 4 discloses a roller having an elastic layer having a hardness of 15 to 55 degrees (Asker-C) and a permanent set (compression) of 0.5 to 5%.
本発明は、上述した従来の問題点にかんがみ、加熱手段と、加圧部材と、無端状部材を少なくとも備えた定着装置であって、装置の構成を簡単化し、記録媒体に大きな負荷を掛けずに加熱手段からの記録媒体の分離性を向上させ、また押圧により加圧部材弾性層が均一なニップを形成し、記録媒体上に形成される画質も向上させ得る定着装置、画像形成装置を提供することを目的とする。 In view of the above-described conventional problems, the present invention is a fixing device including at least a heating unit, a pressure member, and an endless member, which simplifies the configuration of the device and does not apply a large load to the recording medium. In addition, a fixing device and an image forming apparatus capable of improving the separation of the recording medium from the heating means and forming a uniform nip by pressing the elastic layer of the pressing member to improve the image quality formed on the recording medium. The purpose is to do.
請求項1に係る本発明の定着装置は、熱源を有して加熱定着を行う定着装置であって、対向ローラが逆クラウン形状にたわんでおり、該対向ローラとニップを形成する加圧手段が該対向ローラの逆クラウン形状に対応するクラウン形状となるように該加圧手段の中央部を前記対向ローラ側に押圧し、前記ニップ部領域内の前記加圧手段をなす弾性層が、該加圧手段のスラスト方向での中央部と端部が異なるゴム硬度を有し、該端部のゴム硬度が前記中央部のゴム硬度より大きいことを特徴とする。 The fixing device of the present invention according to claim 1 is a fixing device that has a heat source and performs heat fixing, wherein the opposing roller is bent in an inverted crown shape, and a pressure unit that forms a nip with the opposing roller is provided. A central portion of the pressurizing unit is pressed toward the counter roller so as to have a crown shape corresponding to the reverse crown shape of the counter roller, and an elastic layer forming the pressurizing unit in the nip region is The central portion and the end portion in the thrust direction of the pressure means have different rubber hardness, and the rubber hardness of the end portion is larger than the rubber hardness of the central portion.
同請求項2に係る本発明の定着装置は、請求項1記載の定着装置において、前記弾性層の端部が前該弾性層の体積全体に占める割合が20%以下であることを特徴とする。 The fixing device of the present invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the fixing device according to claim 1, the ratio of the end portion of the elastic layer to the entire volume of the elastic layer is 20% or less. .
同請求項3に係る本発明の定着装置は、請求項1または2記載の定着装置において、前記弾性層の端部の厚みが前記中央部に対して100%以上130%以内であることを特徴とする。 The fixing device of the present invention according to claim 3 is the fixing device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the thickness of the end portion of the elastic layer is not less than 100% and not more than 130% with respect to the central portion. And
同請求項4に係る本発明の定着装置は、請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の定着装置において、前記弾性層の端部の材質に、前記中央部の材質より熱膨張の少ないものを用いたことを特徴とする。 The fixing device of the present invention according to claim 4 is the fixing device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a material of an end portion of the elastic layer is less in thermal expansion than a material of the central portion. It is used.
同請求項5に係る本発明の定着装置は、請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の定着装置において、前記弾性層の表面にコート剤を塗布し、前記端部の表面のコート剤の厚みを前記中央部の表面のコート剤の厚みより大きくしたことを特徴とする。 The fixing device according to the fifth aspect of the present invention is the fixing device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein a coating agent is applied to the surface of the elastic layer, and the thickness of the coating agent on the surface of the end portion. Is made larger than the thickness of the coating agent on the surface of the central portion.
同請求項6に係る本発明の定着装置は、請求項5に記載の定着装置において、前記弾性層の端部表面のコート剤の塗布後の硬度が、前記中央部表面のコート剤の塗布後の硬度より大きいことを特徴とする。 The fixing device of the present invention according to claim 6 is the fixing device according to claim 5, wherein the hardness after application of the coating agent on the surface of the end portion of the elastic layer is after application of the coating agent on the surface of the central portion. It is characterized by being larger than the hardness.
同請求項7に係る本発明の定着装置は、請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の定着装置において、前記弾性層の中央部のゴム硬度が8Hs(JIS−A)以下で、ゴム荷重方向厚さが2mm以下であることを特徴とする。 The fixing device of the present invention according to claim 7 is the fixing device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a rubber hardness of a central portion of the elastic layer is 8Hs (JIS-A) or less, and a rubber load direction. The thickness is 2 mm or less.
同請求項8に係る本発明の定着装置は、請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の定着装置において、前記弾性層の中央部の永久歪が4%以下、ゴム荷重方向の厚さが2mm以下であることを特徴とする。 The fixing device of the present invention according to claim 8 is the fixing device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the elastic layer has a permanent strain of 4% or less at a center portion thereof and a thickness in a rubber load direction of 2 mm. It is characterized by the following.
同請求項9に係る本発明の定着装置は、請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の定着装置において、加熱定着ローラとなる前記対向ローラの外径が28mm以下で、弾性層を有し、そのスラスト方向中央部のゴム硬度が8Hs(JIS−A)以下、ゴム厚さが0.8mm以上であることを特徴とする。 The fixing device of the present invention according to claim 9 is the fixing device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein an outer diameter of the opposing roller serving as a heat fixing roller is 28 mm or less, and an elastic layer is provided. The rubber hardness at the center in the thrust direction is 8 Hs (JIS-A) or less, and the rubber thickness is 0.8 mm or more.
同請求項10に係る本発明の定着装置は、請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の定着装置において、前記対向ローラの弾性層の永久歪4%以下であることを特徴とする。 The fixing device according to the tenth aspect of the present invention is the fixing device according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, wherein the elastic layer of the counter roller has a permanent strain of 4% or less.
同請求項11に係る本発明の定着装置は、請求項1から10のいずれかに記載の定着装置において、前記加圧手段の弾性層の弾性係数K=EA/t(E=ヤング率、A=ニップ面積、t=荷重方向厚さ)を、該加圧手段のスラスト方向で中央部よりも端部のほうを高くしたことを特徴とする。 The fixing device of the present invention according to claim 11 is the fixing device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein an elastic coefficient K = EA / t (E = Young's modulus, A) of the elastic layer of the pressing means. = Nip area, t = thickness in the load direction) in the thrust direction of the pressurizing means is higher at the end than at the center.
同請求項12に係る本発明の定着装置は、請求項1から11のいずれかに記載の定着装置において、加熱手段として、それぞれ前記弾性層、前記熱源を有する複数の回転可能なローラと、該複数の回転可能なローラに掛け回す無端状の加熱部材とを有することを特徴とする。 The fixing device of the present invention according to claim 12 is the fixing device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the heating unit includes a plurality of rotatable rollers each having the elastic layer and the heat source, And an endless heating member wound around a plurality of rotatable rollers.
同請求項13に係る本発明の画像形成装置は、異なる色のトナー像を形成する複数の現像手段と、前記現像手段のトナー像を表面に付着させる感光手段と、前記感光手段のトナー像を転写する中間転写手段と、前記中間転写手段のトナー像を記録媒体に転写する転写手段とを有し、前記請求項1から12のいずれかに記載の定着装置を備えたことを特徴とする。 The image forming apparatus of the present invention according to claim 13 comprises a plurality of developing means for forming toner images of different colors, a photosensitive means for adhering the toner image of the developing means to the surface, and a toner image of the photosensitive means. An intermediate transfer means for transferring and a transfer means for transferring a toner image of the intermediate transfer means to a recording medium, comprising the fixing device according to any one of claims 1 to 12.
本発明は、ニップ形成時に加圧部材のスラスト方向に伸びるのを防ぎ、均一にニップを確保できるため、連続通紙での端部のコールドオフセットを防ぐことができる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the pressing member from extending in the thrust direction at the time of forming the nip and to ensure a uniform nip.
以下本発明を実施するための最良の形態を、図に示す実施例を参照して説明する。 The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.
図1は、本発明の画像形成装置の一実施形態を示す概略構成図である。
この画像形成装置100には、矢印A方向に回転する感光体110、感光体110の表面を帯電するスコロトロン帯電装置112、帯電された感光体110の表面を画像情報により変調された露光光Rで露光して感光体110上に静電潜像を形成するROS(レーザ出力部)113、感光体110上の静電潜像をトナーで現像して感光体110上にトナー像を形成する現像装置114、感光体110上のトナー像を用紙Pに転写する転写装置115、用紙Pに転写されたトナー像を定着する定着装置116、用紙Pを収納する用紙トレイ117、感光体110の表面をクリーニングするクリーナ118、感光体110表面の残留電荷を除去する除電装置119が備えられている。
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an image forming apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The image forming apparatus 100 includes a photoconductor 110 that rotates in the direction of arrow A, a scorotron charging device 112 that charges the surface of the photoconductor 110, and an exposure light R that modulates the surface of the charged photoconductor 110 with image information. A ROS (laser output unit) 113 that forms an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member 110 by exposure, and a developing device that develops the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive member 110 with toner to form a toner image on the photosensitive member 110 114, a transfer device 115 that transfers the toner image on the photoconductor 110 to the paper P, a fixing device 116 that fixes the toner image transferred to the paper P, a paper tray 117 that stores the paper P, and the surface of the photoconductor 110. A cleaner 118 for removing residual charges on the surface of the photosensitive member 110, and a charge eliminating device 119 for removing residual charges on the surface of the photoreceptor 110.
次に、この図1を参照しながらこの画像形成装置における画像形成動作について説明する。
先ず、画像読取部(図示せず)で原稿から読み取られた原画像信号、あるいは外部のコンピュータ(図示せず)などで作成された原画像信号が画像処理部(図示せず)に入力され、適切な画像処理が行われる。こうして得られた入力画像信号がROS(レーザ出力部)113に入力され、レーザ光線Rを変調する。入力画像信号によって変調されたレーザ光線Rは、スコロトロン帯電装置112により一様帯電された感光体110の表面にラスタ照射される。感光体110表面にレーザ光線Rがラスタ照射されると、感光体110上には入力画像信号に対応した静電潜像が形成される。
Next, an image forming operation in the image forming apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.
First, an original image signal read from an original by an image reading unit (not shown) or an original image signal created by an external computer (not shown) or the like is input to an image processing unit (not shown). Appropriate image processing is performed. The input image signal obtained in this way is input to a ROS (laser output unit) 113 to modulate the laser beam R. The laser beam R modulated by the input image signal is irradiated on the surface of the photoreceptor 110 uniformly charged by the scorotron charging device 112 as a raster. When the surface of the photoconductor 110 is irradiated with the laser beam R, an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the input image signal is formed on the photoconductor 110.
感光体110上に形成された静電潜像は現像装置114によりトナーで現像され、感光体110上にトナー像が形成される。感光体110上に形成されたトナー像は感光体110の矢印A方向への回転に伴われて、感光体110に対向して配置された転写装置115に向かって搬送される。 The electrostatic latent image formed on the photoconductor 110 is developed with toner by the developing device 114 to form a toner image on the photoconductor 110. The toner image formed on the photoconductor 110 is conveyed toward the transfer device 115 disposed opposite to the photoconductor 110 as the photoconductor 110 rotates in the direction of arrow A.
一方、用紙トレイ7に収納されていた用紙Pが感光体110と転写装置115との間のニップ部に向かって供給され、転写装置115により感光体110上のトナー像が用紙P上に転写される。用紙P上に転写されたトナー像は、定着装置116によって搬送されて定着され所望の画像が得られる。 On the other hand, the paper P stored in the paper tray 7 is supplied toward the nip portion between the photoconductor 110 and the transfer device 115, and the toner image on the photoconductor 110 is transferred onto the paper P by the transfer device 115. The The toner image transferred onto the paper P is conveyed and fixed by the fixing device 116 to obtain a desired image.
トナー像の用紙P上への転写が終了した感光体110の表面に付着した残留トナーなどの付着物はクリーナ8によりクリーニングされ、さらに、感光体110の表面の残留電荷が除電装置9により除去されて、1回の画像形成動作が終了する。 Adhered matter such as residual toner adhering to the surface of the photoconductor 110 after the transfer of the toner image onto the paper P is cleaned by the cleaner 8, and the residual charge on the surface of the photoconductor 110 is removed by the static eliminator 9. Thus, one image forming operation is completed.
図2は、図1に示す画像形成装置100に採用されている定着装置116の構成図である。この図2に示す定着装置は本発明の定着装置の一実施形態にも相当する。 FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the fixing device 116 employed in the image forming apparatus 100 shown in FIG. The fixing device shown in FIG. 2 corresponds to an embodiment of the fixing device of the present invention.
図2において、1は加熱定着ローラであり、加熱定着ローラ1は、表面被覆層2と、弾性層3と、芯金4と、熱源6を有し、逆クラウン形状にたわんでおり、駆動回転されている。図中32は記録媒体であり、31は記録媒体32の表面に付着した未定着トナーである。記録媒体32は、図2の矢印方向に搬送される。記録媒体32を挟んで、加熱定着ローラ1と対向して加圧手段が設けられている。 In FIG. 2, reference numeral 1 denotes a heat fixing roller. The heat fixing roller 1 has a surface coating layer 2, an elastic layer 3, a cored bar 4, and a heat source 6, is bent in an inverted crown shape, and is driven to rotate. Has been. In the figure, 32 is a recording medium, and 31 is unfixed toner adhering to the surface of the recording medium 32. The recording medium 32 is conveyed in the direction of the arrow in FIG. A pressure unit is provided opposite to the heat fixing roller 1 with the recording medium 32 interposed therebetween.
加圧手段は、断熱層かつ弾性層をなす(本出願書類においては、全部が断熱層や弾性層をなさず、一部が断熱層や弾性層である場合をも含む。)加圧部材21と、この加圧部材21を支持する支持部材22と、加圧部材21と支持部材22を記録媒体32側に加圧する加圧スプリング11と、従動する無端状部材23と、無端状部材23と加圧部材21の間の摩擦を低減するための低摩擦部材25と、無端状部材23の搬送経路を規定するガイド24を備えている。図中27は、無端状部材の23と加圧部材21の間の摩擦をさらに低減させるための潤滑油を供給する潤滑油供給部材である。一般的に潤滑油はシリコンオイルもしくはフッ素オイルなどが含まれているものを使用する。図中33は、加熱定着ローラ1と無端状部材23とのニップ部を通過した後の記録媒体32上の定着画像である。加熱定着ローラ1の表面被覆層2は、未定着トナー31が付着しにくいようにPFA層などが用いられる。また、弾性層3としては、一般的にシリコーンゴムやフッ素ゴムなどが用いられている。シリコーンゴムを用いた場合、耐膨潤性を向上させるためにフッ素層などがコートされることもある。無端状部材23は、PFAとポリイミドより形成されている。加圧部材21は、加圧方向の面がフラットな加圧パッドが用いられており、シリコーンゴム又はフッ素ゴムのゴム層を有している。ここで記録媒体32としては、カット紙などの用紙が挙げられる。 The pressurizing means forms a heat insulating layer and an elastic layer (in the present application document, including not only the case where the heat insulating layer and the elastic layer are all formed but also part of the heat insulating layer and the elastic layer). A supporting member 22 that supports the pressing member 21, a pressing spring 11 that pressurizes the pressing member 21 and the supporting member 22 toward the recording medium 32, an endless member 23 that is driven, and an endless member 23. A low-friction member 25 for reducing the friction between the pressure members 21 and a guide 24 for defining a conveyance path of the endless member 23 are provided. In the figure, 27 is a lubricating oil supply member that supplies lubricating oil for further reducing the friction between the endless member 23 and the pressure member 21. Generally, lubricating oil containing silicon oil or fluorine oil is used. In the figure, reference numeral 33 denotes a fixed image on the recording medium 32 after passing through the nip portion between the heat fixing roller 1 and the endless member 23. As the surface coating layer 2 of the heat fixing roller 1, a PFA layer or the like is used so that the unfixed toner 31 does not easily adhere. In addition, as the elastic layer 3, silicone rubber, fluorine rubber, or the like is generally used. When silicone rubber is used, a fluorine layer or the like may be coated to improve swelling resistance. The endless member 23 is made of PFA and polyimide. The pressure member 21 uses a pressure pad with a flat surface in the pressure direction, and has a rubber layer of silicone rubber or fluorine rubber. Here, examples of the recording medium 32 include sheets such as cut sheets.
図3は、加圧部材21を加熱定着ローラ1に圧接させた時に得られるニップ部領域で、加圧部材21のスラスト方向におけるニップ幅を示す。図3のグラフは、縦軸がニップ幅で横軸が加圧部材21のスラスト方向(図2の紙面垂直方向)を示している。従来のニップ幅の関係は曲線Aで表してある。従来例(曲線A)では、加圧部材21の端部におけるニップ幅が中央部に比べて極めて少ないためにコールドオフセットが起きるが、本発明実施例の場合(曲線B)では、加圧部材21の端部でも中央部並みのニップ幅を確保できており、従来例の欠点が解消されていることがわかる。 FIG. 3 shows the nip width in the thrust direction of the pressure member 21 in the nip portion region obtained when the pressure member 21 is brought into pressure contact with the heat fixing roller 1. In the graph of FIG. 3, the vertical axis indicates the nip width, and the horizontal axis indicates the thrust direction of the pressure member 21 (the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG. 2). The conventional nip width relationship is represented by curve A. In the conventional example (curve A), a cold offset occurs because the nip width at the end of the pressure member 21 is extremely small compared to the center portion. However, in the case of the embodiment of the present invention (curve B), the pressure member 21. It can be seen that the nip width as large as the central portion can be secured even at the end of this, and the drawbacks of the conventional example are eliminated.
図4に本発明の実施例2を示す。なお図2と同じ部位は、同じ符号を付けて説明する。図中5は無端状加熱部材で、記録媒体32の未定着トナー32の付着した画像面側に設けられている。図中8は、弾性層をなす加熱部材である。また図中9は、加圧部材8を支持する加圧支持部材である。さらに図中6は熱源であり、7は無端状加熱部材5を張架しもしくは同時に加熱する加熱ローラである。熱量が足りない場合は無端状加熱部材5を外側から、加熱ローラ71または73を接触させて、加熱する方法も取り得る。図中72は、内部に熱源を持たずに回転する従動ローラである。無端状加熱部材5を駆動する駆動源は加熱ローラ7に設け、あるいは配してあるが、これを従動ローラ72側に設け、あるいは配しても良い。図2のような加熱定着ローラ1を用いる構成よりも、この構成は無端状加熱部材5を用いるので、装置全体の大きさに、さほど影響なく、ニップ幅やニップ出口部の変形形状を調整することができるという特性を持っている。ただし、この構成の場合、加圧部材21の幅を加熱部材8の幅に比べて同等、もしくは小さく設定する必要がある。 FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The same parts as those in FIG. 2 are described with the same reference numerals. In the figure, reference numeral 5 denotes an endless heating member which is provided on the image surface side of the recording medium 32 to which the unfixed toner 32 adheres. In the figure, 8 is a heating member forming an elastic layer. Reference numeral 9 denotes a pressure support member that supports the pressure member 8. Furthermore, in the figure, 6 is a heat source, and 7 is a heating roller that stretches or heats the endless heating member 5 at the same time. When the amount of heat is insufficient, a method of heating the endless heating member 5 from the outside by bringing the heating roller 71 or 73 into contact with it can be used. In the figure, reference numeral 72 denotes a driven roller that rotates without having a heat source therein. Although the drive source for driving the endless heating member 5 is provided or arranged on the heating roller 7, it may be provided or arranged on the driven roller 72 side. This configuration uses the endless heating member 5 rather than the configuration using the heat fixing roller 1 as shown in FIG. It has the characteristic that it can. However, in this configuration, it is necessary to set the width of the pressure member 21 to be equal to or smaller than the width of the heating member 8.
図5は、図2及び図4に示した実施例の定着装置(昭和電線製の加熱定着ローラ:外径φ27mm、加圧部材21のゴム厚さ1.0mm、ゴム硬度8Hs(JIS−A)、ゴム永久歪4%、ゴム軸方向長さ230mm)に荷重40kgfを加え、加圧部材21の構成を種々変更し、加熱定着ローラ1の軸方向中央部A及び端部Bに関してニップ幅とコールドオフセットの発生状況を試験した結果を示す図である。実験の設定はすべて同じ条件で、加圧部材21の構成だけを変えて行った。記録媒体32としてカット用紙を用いた。この実験では坪量55g/cm2の一般的な用紙上にフルカラー画像を前面ベタで付着させ、図1に示した定着装置にて実験を行った。その結果、加圧部材21の端部Bでの硬度及び厚みが中央部Aに対して大きい場合、端部でもニップ幅が確保でき、コールドオフセットの発生が起こらなかった。ここで、ニップ幅はOHPフィルム(3M社製のOHPフィルムCG3700)を用い、定着部位のニップ領域をOHPフィルムが通過したときに電源をOFFさせ、12秒間にわたりニップ領域にOHPフィルムを挟ませ、その後に定着装置の圧を解除することにより、OHPフィルムを取り出し、熱によりニップができた領域を測定した値である。また、コールドオフセットは、定着後のカット用紙を白色布(サカタインクス社製ハニコット♯440)を用いてこすったときに未定着のトナーが白色布についてないかを確認して行った。コールドオフセットがなかったものを○、生じたものを×として示してある。 FIG. 5 shows the fixing device of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 (Shower Electric Heating Roller: outer diameter φ27 mm, pressure member 21 rubber thickness 1.0 mm, rubber hardness 8 Hs (JIS-A) , Rubber permanent strain 4%, rubber axial length 230 mm), a load of 40 kgf is applied, and the configuration of the pressure member 21 is variously changed. It is a figure which shows the result of having tested the occurrence condition of offset. All the experiment settings were performed under the same conditions, and only the configuration of the pressure member 21 was changed. A cut sheet was used as the recording medium 32. In this experiment, a full-color image was adhered to a general sheet having a basis weight of 55 g / cm 2 with a solid front face, and the experiment was performed using the fixing device shown in FIG. As a result, when the hardness and thickness at the end portion B of the pressure member 21 were larger than the central portion A, the nip width could be secured at the end portion, and no cold offset occurred. Here, the nip width is an OHP film (OHP film CG3700 manufactured by 3M), the power is turned off when the OHP film passes through the nip area of the fixing part, and the OHP film is sandwiched in the nip area for 12 seconds. Thereafter, the pressure of the fixing device is released, the OHP film is taken out, and the area where the nip is formed by heat is measured. In addition, the cold offset was performed by checking whether there is unfixed toner on the white cloth when the fixed cut sheet is rubbed with a white cloth (Hanicot # 440 manufactured by Sakata Inx Corporation). The case where there was no cold offset is indicated by ◯, and the case where it occurred is indicated by ×.
加圧部材21の硬度が中央部Aと同じ場合や厚みが小さい場合、押圧による端部の厚みが中央部よりも薄くなるためにニップ幅が小さくなり、コールドオフセットが起こった。また、表面に表面コート剤Cを塗布して中央部と端部で硬度及び厚み、体積を変えることにより、ニップ幅を均一にできるという同様の結果が得られた。しかし、端部Bは中央部Aに対して20%以下であり、これが20%より大きい場合、端部Bの方が硬度が大きいため分離に不利になる。あくまで、中央部Aのゴム硬度を小さいものにして分離性を向上させることが好ましい。また、中央部A及び端部Bの厚みは平均値を示し、中央部Aと端部Bは滑らかな曲線のニップである必要が不可欠である。当然ながら、中央部Aと端部Bとで厚さ極端な差がある場合は、画像品質上光沢ムラや縦スジなどが生じてしまう。 When the pressure member 21 had the same hardness as the central portion A or a small thickness, the nip width was small because the thickness of the end portion due to pressing was smaller than the central portion, and a cold offset occurred. Moreover, the same result that the nip width | variety was made uniform was obtained by apply | coating the surface coating agent C to the surface, and changing hardness, thickness, and volume in a center part and an edge part. However, the end portion B is 20% or less with respect to the central portion A, and when this is larger than 20%, the end portion B has a higher hardness, which is disadvantageous for separation. It is preferable to improve the separability by reducing the rubber hardness of the central portion A to the last. Moreover, the thickness of the center part A and the edge part B shows an average value, and the center part A and the edge part B need to be a nip of a smooth curve. Naturally, when there is an extreme difference in thickness between the central portion A and the end portion B, uneven gloss and vertical stripes occur in terms of image quality.
今回の実験において、図5には記載していないが、ゴム硬度8Hs(JIS−A)、ゴム永久歪4%、ゴム荷重方向厚さ4mmの加圧部材21を用いた定着装置に比べて、ゴム荷重方向厚さを2mmに変更することで、分離性能が良くなることが確認できた。また、加熱定着ローラ1側の弾性層3のゴム永久歪が大きい場合、加熱定着ローラ1の表面形状が局所的に変形し、画像の光沢ムラ等の画像劣化を起こす原因となる。ゴム永久歪が5%以上の場合、光沢ムラが目立ち、ゴム永久歪4%以下が望ましいことが分かっている。さらに、ニップ出口後の加熱定着ローラ1の表面と記録媒体32である記録媒体である用紙表面とのクリアランスが大きいと、用紙は分離しやすいと言う考えから、加熱定着ローラ1の外径もこのクリアランスを決めるパラメータのひとつであることが分かる。加熱定着ローラ1の外径がφ28mm以上の場合、分離性能が低下するのが確認できている。従って、加熱定着ローラ1の外径はφ28mm以下が望ましいことは当然である。さらに、加熱定着ローラ1の弾性層3の厚さも、加熱定着ローラ1の表面と用紙表面とのクリアランスを決めるパラメータのひとつであることが分かる。ゴム厚さが0.8mm以下の場合、分離性能が低下することが分かっている。これは加熱定着ローラ1の弾性層3の厚さが薄くなるにつれて変形量が小さくなり、ニップ出口部の用紙突出姿勢を適正な状態に出来ないためと考えられる。従って、加熱定着ローラ1の弾性層3の厚さは0.8mm以上が望ましい。同じく、加熱定着ローラ1の弾性層3のゴム硬度も、分離時のクリアランスを決めるパラメータのひとつであることが分かる。ゴム硬度が8Hs(JIS−A)以上の場合、分離性能が低下することが分かっている。これは加熱定着ローラ1の弾性層3の硬度が高くなるにつれ、変形量が小さくなり、ニップ出口部の用紙突出姿勢を適正な状態に出来ないためと考えられる。従って、加熱定着ローラ1の弾性層3のゴム硬度は8Hs(JIS−A)以下が望ましい。さらに、加圧部材21のゴム永久歪が大きい場合、ニップ形状の経時的変形が起き、定着特性及び分離特性が不安定になる可能性がある。加圧部材21のゴム永久歪が5%以上の場合、100時間以上の加熱空転後の分離特性が低下することが確認できた。従って、加圧部材21のゴム永久歪4%以下が望ましい。 In this experiment, although not shown in FIG. 5, compared with a fixing device using a pressure member 21 having a rubber hardness of 8Hs (JIS-A), a rubber permanent strain of 4%, and a rubber load direction thickness of 4 mm, It was confirmed that the separation performance was improved by changing the thickness in the rubber load direction to 2 mm. Further, when the rubber permanent distortion of the elastic layer 3 on the heat fixing roller 1 side is large, the surface shape of the heat fixing roller 1 is locally deformed, which causes image deterioration such as uneven gloss of the image. It has been found that when the rubber permanent strain is 5% or more, uneven glossiness is conspicuous and the rubber permanent strain is preferably 4% or less. Further, the outer diameter of the heat-fixing roller 1 is also determined from the idea that if the clearance between the surface of the heat-fixing roller 1 after the nip exit and the surface of the recording medium 32 is large, the sheet is easily separated. It can be seen that this is one of the parameters that determine the clearance. It has been confirmed that when the outer diameter of the heat fixing roller 1 is φ28 mm or more, the separation performance is deteriorated. Therefore, it is natural that the outer diameter of the heat fixing roller 1 is desirably 28 mm or less. Further, it can be seen that the thickness of the elastic layer 3 of the heat fixing roller 1 is also one of the parameters that determine the clearance between the surface of the heat fixing roller 1 and the surface of the paper. It has been found that the separation performance decreases when the rubber thickness is 0.8 mm or less. This is presumably because the amount of deformation becomes smaller as the thickness of the elastic layer 3 of the heat-fixing roller 1 becomes thinner, and the sheet protruding posture at the nip outlet cannot be set to an appropriate state. Therefore, the thickness of the elastic layer 3 of the heat fixing roller 1 is desirably 0.8 mm or more. Similarly, it can be seen that the rubber hardness of the elastic layer 3 of the heat-fixing roller 1 is one of the parameters that determine the clearance during separation. It has been found that when the rubber hardness is 8Hs (JIS-A) or higher, the separation performance is lowered. This is presumably because the amount of deformation becomes smaller as the hardness of the elastic layer 3 of the heat-fixing roller 1 becomes higher, and the paper protruding posture at the nip outlet cannot be brought into an appropriate state. Accordingly, the rubber hardness of the elastic layer 3 of the heat fixing roller 1 is desirably 8 Hs (JIS-A) or less. Further, when the rubber permanent distortion of the pressure member 21 is large, the nip shape may be deformed with time, and the fixing characteristics and separation characteristics may become unstable. It was confirmed that when the rubber permanent strain of the pressure member 21 is 5% or more, the separation characteristics after heating and idling for 100 hours or more are deteriorated. Accordingly, the rubber permanent strain of the pressure member 21 is desirably 4% or less.
図6は上述の実験に用いた加圧部材21あるいはその弾性層における中央部Aと端部Bにおける構成例を示した図である。また図7は同じく表面に表面コート剤を塗布した例の構成を示した図である。図6、図7の両例ともに図5の実験結果から加圧部材21の端部に硬度の大きいものを用いることでニップが均一に保て、コールドオフセットの発生を抑えることができた。 FIG. 6 is a view showing a configuration example in the central portion A and the end portion B in the pressure member 21 used in the above-described experiment or its elastic layer. FIG. 7 is a view showing a configuration of an example in which a surface coating agent is similarly applied to the surface. In both the examples of FIGS. 6 and 7, from the experimental results of FIG. 5, it was possible to keep the nip uniform and to prevent the occurrence of cold offset by using the end of the pressure member 21 having a high hardness.
すなわち本発明によれば、ニップ形成時に加圧部材21が押圧によりそのスラスト方向に伸びるのを防ぎ、均一にニップを確保できるため、連続通紙での端部のコールドオフセットを防ぐことができる。また、加圧部材21の中央部Aと端部Bに対して端部Bの断熱層全体に占める割合を適正化することで端部の局所的な変形を防ぎ、加圧部材のスラスト方向に対して均一にニップを確保でき、端部のコールドオフセットを防ぎことができる。また、端部Bの厚みを中央部Aに対して大きくすることで弾性変形の変化率を適正化することを実施しても良い。 That is, according to the present invention, it is possible to prevent the pressing member 21 from extending in the thrust direction due to pressing during nip formation, and to ensure a uniform nip, thereby preventing a cold offset of the end portion during continuous paper feeding. Moreover, local deformation | transformation of an edge part is prevented by optimizing the ratio which occupies for the whole heat insulation layer of the edge part B with respect to the center part A and the edge part B of the pressurization member 21, and it is in the thrust direction of a pressure member. On the other hand, a nip can be ensured uniformly, and a cold offset at the end can be prevented. In addition, the change rate of the elastic deformation may be optimized by increasing the thickness of the end portion B with respect to the central portion A.
さらに、熱膨張の少ない弾性材を端部Bに用い、いわば断熱層を形成することで中央部Aがスラスト方向に伸びるのをストッパーの役割として防止することができる。そして表面に表面コート剤を塗布することにより、端部Bが中央部Aに対して厚みが大きいことで、均一のニップを確保できる。また端部Bの断熱層を形成する部分の硬度を中央部Aに対して大きくすれば、変形率の変化を適正化することができる。またゴム硬度とゴム厚さを適正化すること、永久歪を適正化すること、ゴム硬度とゴム厚さを適正化すること等を実施して、加圧部材の歪みを適正化し、均一のニップを確保できることが好ましい。なお加圧手段に加圧部材に代えて加圧ベルトを用いることで、高速化にも対応可能となる。 Furthermore, it is possible to prevent the central portion A from extending in the thrust direction by using an elastic material with little thermal expansion as the end portion B, and so to speak, as a stopper. And by apply | coating a surface coating agent to the surface, since the edge part B is thick with respect to the center part A, a uniform nip can be ensured. Moreover, if the hardness of the part which forms the heat insulation layer of the edge part B is enlarged with respect to the center part A, the change of a deformation rate can be optimized. Also, by optimizing rubber hardness and rubber thickness, optimizing permanent distortion, optimizing rubber hardness and rubber thickness, etc. Can be secured. By using a pressure belt instead of the pressure member as the pressure means, it is possible to cope with high speed.
1:加熱定着ローラ
2:表面被覆層
3:弾性層
4:芯金
5:無端状加熱部材
6:熱源
7:加熱ローラ
8:加熱部材
9:加圧支持部材
10、11:加圧スプリング
21:加圧部材
22:支持部材
23:無端状部材
24:ガイド
25:低摩擦部材
27:潤滑油供給部材
31:未定着トナー
32:記録媒体
33:定着画像
71、73:加熱ローラ
72:従動ローラ
100:画像形成装置
110:感光体
112:スコロトロン帯電装置
113:ROS(レーザ出力部)
114:現像装置
115:転写装置
116:定着装置
117:用紙トレイ
118:クリーナ
119:除電装置
A:加圧部材あるいはその弾性層のスラスト方向中央部
B:同端部
C:表面コート剤
P:用紙
R:露光光
1: Heat fixing roller 2: Surface coating layer 3: Elastic layer 4: Core metal 5: Endless heating member 6: Heat source 7: Heating roller 8: Heating member 9: Pressure support member 10, 11: Pressure spring 21: Pressure member 22: Support member 23: Endless member 24: Guide 25: Low friction member 27: Lubricating oil supply member 31: Unfixed toner 32: Recording medium 33: Fixed image 71, 73: Heating roller 72: Driven roller 100 : Image forming apparatus 110: Photoconductor 112: Scorotron charging device 113: ROS (laser output unit)
114: Developing device 115: Transfer device 116: Fixing device 117: Paper tray 118: Cleaner 119: Neutralizing device A: Central portion in the thrust direction of the pressure member or its elastic layer B: Same end C: Surface coating agent P: Paper R: Exposure light
Claims (13)
A plurality of developing means for forming toner images of different colors, a photosensitive means for attaching the toner image of the developing means to the surface, an intermediate transfer means for transferring the toner image of the photosensitive means, and a toner image of the intermediate transfer means An image forming apparatus comprising: a transfer unit that transfers the image to a recording medium, and comprising the fixing device according to claim 1.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2006191111A JP5228249B2 (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2006-07-12 | Fixing device, image forming apparatus |
US11/776,989 US7831186B2 (en) | 2006-07-12 | 2007-07-12 | Fixing device and image forming apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2016065932A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-04-28 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Fixing device and image forming apparatus |
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JPH01185579A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1989-07-25 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Pressure roller device in fixing device |
JPH075783A (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1995-01-10 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Fixing device |
JPH07121045A (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1995-05-12 | Canon Inc | Thermal fixing device |
JPH07160139A (en) * | 1993-12-06 | 1995-06-23 | Canon Inc | Thermal fixing device |
JPH0968883A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-11 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Fixing device |
JPH1020691A (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1998-01-23 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Fixing device |
JPH1124479A (en) * | 1997-07-04 | 1999-01-29 | Canon Inc | Fixing device |
JP2001201979A (en) * | 2000-01-20 | 2001-07-27 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Image fixing device |
JP2001318544A (en) * | 2000-05-08 | 2001-11-16 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Image fixing device |
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JPH01185579A (en) * | 1988-01-19 | 1989-07-25 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Pressure roller device in fixing device |
JPH075783A (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1995-01-10 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Fixing device |
JPH07121045A (en) * | 1993-10-27 | 1995-05-12 | Canon Inc | Thermal fixing device |
JPH07160139A (en) * | 1993-12-06 | 1995-06-23 | Canon Inc | Thermal fixing device |
JPH0968883A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-11 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Fixing device |
JPH1020691A (en) * | 1996-07-03 | 1998-01-23 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Fixing device |
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JP2001201979A (en) * | 2000-01-20 | 2001-07-27 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Image fixing device |
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JP2016065932A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-04-28 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Fixing device and image forming apparatus |
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