JP2008019577A - Joint structure of horizontal member and other structural member - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a joint structure suitable for joining the end of a horizontal member formed of a solid wood material such as Japanese cedar and Japanese cypress which are universal building materials in Japan to the other structural member. <P>SOLUTION: This joint structure is formed of mortise 3 and tenon 4. Both side walls 6, 7 which abut on each other are so taper-disposed as to be wider upward and narrower downward. A load at each end of the horizontal member is mainly supported by each of taper-disposed both side walls. The vertical dimension of the taper-disposed tenon both side walls 6, 7 is 70% or higher of the vertical dimension of the cross section of the horizontal member or the vertical dimensions of the other structural member 1 to which the end of the horizontal member 2 is joined and the interval between the taper-disposed both side walls 6, 7 at the top is 70% or higher of the width dimension of the cross section of the horizontal member. The tenon insertion dimension is so shallow and wide as to be approximately 20% of the upper distance of the tenon both side walls. To compensate for the insufficient binding force by the tenons, pulling hardware 10 may be used. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a joint structure that joins an end of a horizontal member to another structural material (column, beam, etc.).

  In a wooden frame construction method house, when the end of a horizontal member 2 such as a beam and a girder or a trunk difference is abutted against another structural material 1 (column, other beam, girder or trunk difference, etc.), A joining structure using a mortise by the mortise 3 and the mortise 4 is adopted (FIG. 1). In this case, in the conventional joining structure, the mortise 3 and the mortise 4 suppress the loss of the material and support the load at the end of the horizontal member, so that the width of the tenon 3 is that of the horizontal member 2. In many cases, the vertical dimension is about ½ of the vertical dimension of other structural members 1. In particular, on the other structural material 1 side, as shown in FIG. 1A, a sufficient space (from the bottom wall portion of the mortise 3 to the lower surface of the material can be supported so that the load of the end of the horizontal member 1 to be joined can be supported. d1) remains.

  On the other hand, “groove joining with large feed” suitable for so-called pre-cut processing is often used (FIG. 1B). In the “groove joint with large feed”, the mortise 3 is formed in the other structural material 1 to which the end of the horizontal member 2 is joined, and the tenon 4 is formed at the end of the horizontal member 2. The mortise 3 has a second mortise deeper than the bottom of the shallow first mortise, which is U-shaped when viewed from the front with a relatively large area. The structure of the U-shaped first-stage mortise has an open top, and the dovetail mortise has an open top.

The first stage mortise hole in “groove joint with large feed” guides the tenon on the horizontal member side up and down at the straight part on both sides of the U-shaped side wall and loads at the bottom wall of the semicircular arc bear. Therefore, as described above, a sufficient distance (d ₀ ) is required from the bottom surface to the lower surface of the material so as to support the load at the end of the horizontal member to be joined.
The second tiered mortise resists the pulling force on the horizontal member.
As another joining structure, there is also a joining structure in which the finishing process is kept simple and the shortage is reinforced with joining hardware. This is to reduce the labor and technology required for the original joint processing and to improve the construction efficiency.

"Wood housing construction common specification", 2000 (2nd edition), Housing Finance Promotion Association, p. 42

In the conventional joint structure, the vertical dimension of the mortise 3 and the tenon 4 is inevitably shortened because of the dimension d ₀ , so that a material having a large vertical dimension (a material having a high cause) in a cross section such as a beam or a girder, When twisted by aged drying, the degree of resistance to deformation is low. In this regard, in the “groove joint with large feed”, although the vertical dimension of the tenon 4 is relatively large, since the side wall of the large feed portion is U-shaped, the load at the end of the horizontal member is almost as described above. Since it concentrates on the semicircular arc shaped bottom wall, it is necessary to leave a sufficient distance d ₀ from the bottom wall to the lower surface of the structural material. The function to stop coming is not enough.
“Twist” means that the cross section of the horizontal member 2 is rotated when the other end rotates with respect to one end around the longitudinal axis of the horizontal member 2, and the horizontal member 2 is viewed from the cross-sectional direction. However, in the present application, it is understood that the horizontal member 2 is twisted.

Normally, building materials are used after they have been sufficiently dried, but even in the case of solid materials, they tend to be twisted by aged drying after building. In particular, solid wood, such as cedar and cypress, has a strong tendency in Japan, and when a gap occurs in the end joint due to the twisting of the horizontal member 2, a so-called “wooden frame is shown on the indoor side as a kind of interior. In the case of the “representation” method, this gap is visible and the interior properties are impaired, so there is a disappointing tendency to avoid using such solid materials.
On the other hand, in the joining structure using the reinforcing hardware, the hardware is exposed, and the “appearance” interior as a wooden frame is impaired.
This invention makes it a subject to provide the joining structure suitable for joining the edge part of the horizontal member 2 which consists of a solid material of a cedar or a cypress which is a universal building material in Japan to the other structural material 1. FIG.

The mortise 3 and the mortise 4 have a fitting structure (referred to as a mortise location), and both side walls (referred to as mortise sides) where the mortise 3 and the mortise 4 abut each other have a tapered arrangement that is wide upward and narrow downward. The both ends of the tapered arrangement are configured to mainly support the load at the end of the horizontal member (90% or more). Further, the vertical dimension of the tenon side walls in the tapered arrangement is 70% of the smaller one of the vertical dimension of the cross section of the horizontal member or the vertical dimension of the other structural member 1 to which the end of the horizontal member 2 is joined. The above and the interval dimension in the upper part of both side walls shall be 70% or more of the width dimension in a cross-section material cross section.
The insertion size of the mortise 3 and the mortise 4 is assumed to be shallow and wide, which is about 20% of the upper gap between the tenon side walls. In this case, an attracting metal is used to make up for the lack of bonding force due to the tenon.
The attracting metal object passes through the tenon portion, passes through the inside of the horizontal member 2 in the axial direction, one end is fixed to the other structural member 1, and the other end is fixed to the horizontal member 2.

Since most of the load at the end of the horizontal member is supported by both side walls of the tapered arrangement, it is not necessary to increase the distance d ₀ between the bottom wall of the tenon 4 and the lower surface of the other structural member 1. For this reason, the vertical dimension of the mortise 3 and the mortise 4 can be increased to be 70% or more of the vertical dimension of the cross section of the horizontal member or the vertical dimension of the other structural material to which the end of the horizontal member is joined. Since the joining of the end portions of the horizontal member is the engagement between the tenon and the tenon that are sufficiently long in the vertical direction, the twist of the horizontal member 2 can be effectively suppressed.
It is possible to effectively use domestically produced solid wood, which tends to be twisted and tends to avoid use.

Since the mortise 3 and the mortise 4 are formed wider and shallower than in the prior art, the loss of material is reduced.
By using the attracting metal, it is possible to ensure the connection between the mortise 3 and the mortise 4.
There are no gaps due to twisting at the joints, and the interior is excellent due to “representation”.
Since the attracting hardware is arranged inside the material along the axis of the horizontal member 2, it is not exposed to the indoor side and does not impair the interior characteristics of “appearance”.

[Example 1]
FIG. 2 is a part where a horizontal member 2 (beam) is joined to the side surface of the girder 1 and other structural material 1 (girder) from the orthogonal direction, and a mortise 3 (FIG. 3) is formed on the side surface of the girder 1. ) And the tenon 4 is formed at the end of the horizontal member 2. The mortise 4 and the mortise 3 are processed by a router, and constitute a fitting structure between the shallow and wide mortise 3 and the mortise 4 corresponding thereto. Since the mortise 4 and the mortise 3 have a structure corresponding to the concave and convex, the mortise 3 will be mainly described.

  The mortise 3 (FIG. 4) has a bottom surface 5, side walls 6, 7 on both sides and a bottom wall portion 8 connecting them, and an upper portion 9 is an opening 9 in this embodiment. The width d1 of the opening 9 is 78 mm, the height d2 of the mortise 3 is 90 mm, and the depth of the mortise 3 (height of the side walls 6 and 7 and the bottom wall 8, FIG. 3) is d3 = 16 mm. Since the bottom surface 5 is flat and the depth d3 of the mortise 3 is smaller than the dimension d1 of the opening 9 and the height d2 of the mortise 3, the mortise 3 is wide and shallow as a whole (the tenon insertion dimension is small).

The side walls 6 and 7 extend from the opening 9 to the bottom wall 8, but the interval (outline) is the width of the opening 9 (d1 = 78) on the upper side and d4 = 63 mm on the lower side. The taper is tapered downward. In this embodiment, the lower ends of the side walls 6 and 7 and both ends of the bottom wall portion 8 are gently connected with a radius of about d5 = 9 mm, and the center of the bottom wall 8 is gently about a radius of d6 = 12 mm. It is formed with a curved surface.
Further, in this embodiment, the side walls 6 and 7 and the bottom wall portion 8 are each wider on the back side than the surface side, and the mortise 3 has an “arranged mortise” structure.
The mortise 4 (FIG. 3B) has a form and a structure corresponding to the mortise 3, and is an “arranged mortise”.

  The fitting structure of the mortise 3 and the mortise 4 is fastened by a drawing structure by a drawing metal 10 (FIGS. 2 and 5) that passes the inside of the horizontal member 2 in the axial direction of the horizontal member 2. In this embodiment, the attracting metal 10 is composed of a long screw rod 11, a rubber washer 12, a nut 13, and a washer nut 14.

  In order to use this attracting metal 10, a through-hole 15 is formed by crossing the material from the center portion of the mortise 3 on the side of the girder 1, and the material from the center portion of the tenon 4 to the horizontal member 2. A through hole 16 is formed along the axial direction, and a mortise type (bottomed) operation hole 17 is formed at the tip of the through hole 16 from the upper surface side of the horizontal member 2. The dimensions of the through hole 15 and the through hole 6 are adjusted so as to be on the same axis in the axial direction of the horizontal member 2. The through hole 16 has approximately the same length as the long screw rod 11. The operation hole 17 has the minimum size necessary for operating the nut 13 and the size of the rubber washer 12 inserted into the hole, and has an axial dimension d7 = 57 mm and a transverse dimension d8 = 60 mm. Depth d9 = 60 mm.

  Prior to fitting the tenon 4 into the tenon 3, the long screw rod 11 is inserted into the through hole 16 of the tenon 4 of the horizontal member 2, the rubber washer 12 is fitted to the tip, and the nut 13 is then screwed together. (FIG. 5). By screwing the nut 13, the long threaded rod 11 does not fall off from the end of the horizontal member 2, and the base of the long threaded rod 11 is secured to the end surface ( Since it can be retracted from the tenon 4), the horizontal member 2 can be transported from the factory to the site in this state.

  At the site, insert the end (tenon 4) of the horizontal member 2 (beam) into the mortise 3 of the other structural member 1 (girder) that is assembled from above, and fit it in the vertical direction. The long screw rod 11 is pushed out from the operation hole 17 of the frame member 2 toward the horizontal member 1, and the base of the long screw rod 11 is put into the through hole 15 of the horizontal member 1.

Next, a nut 14 with a washer is inserted from the opposite side, and its tip is screwed into the base end of the long screw rod 11. Next, the nut 14 with a washer is rotated with an impact wrench or the like so that the long screw rod 11 does not rotate together with the nut 13 screwed into the tip of the long screw rod 11. The nut 14 with a washer is screwed with the long screw rod 11 as it rotates, and draws it. In the final stage, when the washer part reaches the surface of the horizontal member 1 and is further rotated, the blade provided on the back surface of the washer part digs up and the washer part sinks, and the surface of the horizontal member 1 And become the same. Finally, when a tool is inserted into the operation hole 17 of the horizontal member 2 and the nut 13 is tightened, the end of the horizontal member 2 is fastened to the side surface of the horizontal member 1 (FIG. 2).
The nut 14 with a washer is screwed smoothly because there is friction between the long screw rod 11 and the horizontal member 2 and resistance to rotation. When the long screw rod 11 rotates completely together, a means for preventing this with an adhesive or the like is necessary.

In this state, the girder 1 supports the load at the end of the horizontal member 2 by fitting the mortise 3 and the mortise 4, but the side walls 6 and 7 of the mortise 3 have a narrow taper in the vertical direction. Since it is arranged, most of the load from above by the horizontal member 2 is borne by the side walls 6 and 7 and the load borne by the bottom wall portion 8 is slight. In this embodiment, the bottom wall portion 8 is curved so that the contact surface is long, and a small load load is distributed over a wide range.
The depth of the mortise 3 is shallow (even if the so-called tenon insertion is small), and the tenon fitting 10 does not cause the tenon fitting to come off.

From the above, the vertical dimension of the mortise and tenon (tenon location) can be expanded to 70% or more of the smaller one of the vertical dimension of the other structural material 1 or the vertical dimension of the cross section of the horizontal member 2, The effect of suppressing twisting of the horizontal member 2 is great. Further, the attracting hardware 10 is not exposed to the outside.
The mortise and mortise are shallow and wide, so there is little loss of material.
When the side wall portions 8 and 7 and the bottom wall portion 8 of the mortise 3 have the “mortise hole” structure, the mortise 4 of the horizontal member 2 is temporarily fitted into the mortise 3 of the horizontal member 1. The horizontal member 2 can be prevented from falling off unexpectedly, and the tightness by the attracting hardware 10 can be further strengthened.

[Example 2]
FIG. 6 shows a case where the end of the horizontal member 2 such as a beam is joined to the upper end of the column 18 (another structural material).
In FIG. 6, mortises 3 are formed on two surfaces (front and right side) of the upper end portion of the pillar 18, and tenons 4 corresponding to the mortises 4 are projected and processed on the end surface of the horizontal member 2. The mortise 3 and the mortise 4 are vertically elongated in accordance with the height of the horizontal member 2, but the side walls 6 and 7 on both sides of the mortise 3 are tapered so as to sag downward. The other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, such as the arrangement, and the bottom wall portion 8 is formed with a gently curved surface.

When the height of the horizontal member 2 is large, as shown in the figure, the height of the tenon hole 3 and tenon 4 is increased, and the tenon structure part 2 is penetrated to the column 18 side and the horizontal member 2 side. The through-holes 15 and the through-holes 16 are provided so as to correspond to each other, and as shown in the drawing, by using the attracting hardware 10 in two stages, the horizontal member 2 having a high “stress” such as a beam can be dried. It is possible to reliably prevent twisting. In addition, there are few material defects caused by the joint processing.
In this case, as shown in FIG. 7, the attracting metal 10 used below is a combination of a bolt 18 with a washer, a lag screw 19, and a long nut 20, and avoids the disadvantage of making the operation hole 17 deep.

Example 3
FIG. 8 shows a case where the end portion of the horizontal member 2 such as a second floor beam is joined to the intermediate portion of the through column 19. Tenon holes 3a (upper) and 3b (lower) are respectively formed in two surfaces (front and right side) in the middle portion of the through column 21, and tenons 4a and 4b corresponding to these are formed on the end surface of the horizontal member 2. Is projected and processed. The mortises 3a and 3b are arranged in two upper and lower stages in accordance with the height of the horizontal member 2, but each of the mortises 3a and 3b has an upper wall closed by the upper wall portion 22. It has become. However, other configurations such as the taper arrangement in which the side wall portions 6 and 7 on both sides of the mortises 3a and 3b sag downwards and the bottom wall portion 8 is formed with a gentle curved surface are the same as those of the first embodiment. The same.

The tenon 4a, 4b is also an independent form. Since the mortises 4a and 4b need to be inserted into the mortise holes 3a and 3b from the front, the upper wall portion 22, the side wall portions 6 and 7 and the bottom wall portion 8 have no “mortise hole” structure.
In each of the tenon holes 3a and 3b, a through hole 15 is formed in the bottom surface 5, and a through hole 16 is formed in the upper tenon 4a to form an operation hole 17 formed from the top surface of the horizontal member 2. A lag screw 19 and a long nut 20 are attached to the lower tenon 4b (see FIG. 7). As in the case of the second embodiment, the attracting hardware 10 of the first embodiment is used for the fastening of the upper tenon 3a and the tenon 4a, and the lower tenon 3b and the tenon 4b of the second embodiment are used for the fastening. An attracting metal (using lag screw 19) is used. These attachment procedures and operational effects are the same as those of the second embodiment except that the horizontal member 2 is abutted against the through column 21 from the front.

  Also in the third embodiment, the high-strength horizontal member 2 is engaged at two locations in the upper and lower portions of the cross section, and therefore, the resistance force against the twist of the horizontal member 2 is large. In addition, the distance between the upper and lower mortises 3a and 3b should be reduced from the point where the load at the end of the horizontal member is almost supported by the side walls tapered at the respective tenon fitting portions, as described above. Conversely, the vertical dimension of the mortises 3a and 3b can be increased. For this reason, the effect which suppresses the twist of a horizontal member is large.

  The embodiment has been described above. The structure of the attracting hardware 10 to be used is not limited to that shown in the drawing, and it may be employed as long as it can exert an attracting force and is arranged inside the material along the axial direction of the material. it can.

(A) and (b) are perspective views showing a conventional tenon structure. The top view which showed the junction part (Example 1). The perspective view which decomposed | disassembled and showed the junction part (Example 1). Front view of a mortise (Example 1). The perspective view of a drawing hardware. The perspective view of the joint location shown disassembled (Example 2). The perspective view of a drawing metal object (Example 2). The perspective view of the joint location shown disassembled (Example 3).

Explanation of symbols

1 Horizontal materials (other structural materials)
2 Horizontal member 3 Mortise 4 Mortise 5 Bottom 6 Side wall (left)
7 Side wall (right)
8 Bottom wall part 9 Opening 10 Pulling object 11 Long screw rod 12 Washer with rubber 13 Nut 14 Nut with washer 15 Through hole 16 Through hole 17 Operation hole 18 Bolt with washer 19 Lug screw 20 Long nut 21 Through pillar 22 Upper wall part

Claims (2)

  This is a joint structure where the end of the horizontal member is abutted and joined to another structural material, and has a mortise-to-mortise mating structure, and the mortise and tenon have side walls that abut each other. Both side walls are tapered at the upper side and narrow at the lower side, and the vertical dimension of both side walls is the vertical dimension of the cross section of the horizontal member or the vertical dimension of the other structural material to which the end of the horizontal member is joined. 70% or more of whichever is smaller and the distance between the upper portions of both side walls are 70% or more of the width of the cross section of the horizontal member, and the load at the end of the horizontal member is mainly supported by both side walls. The joint structure at the end of the horizontal member. The mortise and mortise should be shallow so that the insertion dimension is about 20% of the upper gap between the side walls, penetrate the mortise formed by the mortise and tenon, pass through the inside of the horizontal member in the axial direction, and one end is 2. The horizontal member according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal member and the other structural member are attracted and joined to another structural member by an attracting hardware whose other end is fixed to the horizontal member. A joint structure between a frame and other structural materials.

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