JP2008017578A - Rotary electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a rotary electric machine which can generate power without rotating both a permanent magnet side and a coil side. <P>SOLUTION: The rotary electric machine comprises an annular body provided at the fixed side concentrically with respect to a rotating shaft, a plurality of cores provided at the annular body along the circumferential direction thereof at predetermined intervals, a conductive coil wound around these cores, a ring-shaped yoke located at the radial inside or outside of the annular body and provided at the fixed side, a plurality of permanent magnets provided at the yoke along the circumferential direction thereof while alternating the N pole and the S pole so that each magnetic pole opposes each core of the annular body, a ring-shaped rotor of a nonmagnetic body provided at the rotating shaft between the annular body and the yoke, a plurality of pole pieces of a magnetic body provided at the rotor to oppose cores of the annular body and the permanent magnets of the yoke, respectively, and a means for driving the rotating shaft. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a rotary generator having a magnet and a coil.

  Conventionally, as a permanent magnet generator, a permanent magnet is attached to the outer periphery of a yoke (magnetic material such as iron) fixed to a rotating shaft, or a permanent magnet is embedded in the yoke, and the outer periphery side of the yoke Moreover, what provided the coil which winds an electric wire around an iron core material is known.

  In the permanent magnet generator, the yoke and the permanent magnet are rotated to generate a rotating magnetic field, thereby generating an electromotive force in the coil and generating electric power (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP-A-7-107716

  However, in the rotary generator described above, since the yoke is rotated at several thousand to 10,000 revolutions, depending on the fixing method of the permanent magnet attached to (or embedded in) the yoke, the mechanical strength relationship (limit) Therefore, the yoke and the permanent magnet may be damaged.

  Moreover, in a rotary generator, it is possible to generate electricity by fixing the yoke side to which the permanent magnet is attached and rotating the coil and the iron core side. However, a structure for taking out the current from the coil is necessary, which is realistic. is not.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems and provide a rotary generator capable of generating power without rotating both the permanent magnet side and the coil side.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an annular body that is positioned concentrically with respect to a rotating shaft and provided on a fixed side, and a predetermined interval along the circumferential direction of the annular body. A plurality of provided iron cores, a conductive coil wound around the iron cores, a ring-shaped yoke provided on the fixed side and positioned inside or outside in the radial direction of the annular body, A plurality of permanent magnets provided so that N poles and S poles alternate along the circumferential direction, and each magnetic pole faces each iron core of the annular body, and the annular body and the yoke A ring-shaped rotor made of a non-magnetic material provided between and a plurality of magnetic materials made of the magnetic material provided to face the rotor core and the permanent magnet of the yoke, respectively. Pole piece, iron core of the annular body, and yoke Rotating shaft drive means for generating electric power by generating an electromotive force in the coil of the annular body by positioning the pole piece or non-magnetic part of the rotor between the permanent magnets to increase or decrease the amount of magnetic flux. It is a thing.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an annular body that is positioned concentrically with respect to a rotating shaft and provided on a fixed side, and a predetermined interval along the circumferential direction of the annular body. A plurality of provided iron cores, conductive coils wound around these iron cores, a ring-shaped yoke arranged on the fixed side in the axial direction with respect to the annular body, and a circumferential direction in the yoke A plurality of permanent magnets provided so that N poles and S poles alternate along each other, and each magnetic pole faces each iron core of the annular body, and between the annular body and the yoke on the rotating shaft A ring-shaped rotor made of a non-magnetic material provided on the rotor, and a plurality of pole pieces made of a magnetic material provided on the rotor so as to face the iron core of the annular body and the permanent magnet of the yoke, respectively. The core of the annular body and the permanent magnet of the yoke And a rotary shaft driving means for generating electric power by generating an electromotive force in the coil of the annular body by positioning the pole piece or the non-magnetic part of the rotor to increase or decrease the amount of magnetic flux. .

  Preferably, the pole pieces of the rotor are provided in the same number as the iron core of the annular body.

  According to the present invention, an excellent effect that power can be generated without rotating both the permanent magnet side and the coil side is exhibited.

  Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  The rotary generator according to the present embodiment is, for example, driven to rotate by an engine of a vehicle to supply electric power to the vehicle and charge a battery.

  First, the schematic structure of the rotary generator will be described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the rotary generator 1 of the present embodiment includes a rotary shaft 2, an annular body 3 that is positioned concentrically with respect to the rotary shaft 2 and provided on the fixed side, A ring-shaped yoke 4 provided on the fixed side and positioned on the inner side in the radial direction of the annular body 3, and a ring-shaped yoke provided on the rotary shaft 2 positioned between the annular body 3 and the yoke 4. A rotor 5 and a rotary shaft driving means for driving the rotary shaft 2 to rotate are provided. The annular body 3, the yoke 4 and the rotor 5 are basically arranged concentrically with the rotating shaft 2 and at the same axial position during power generation.

  The annular body 3 is attached to a casing (not shown). The annular body 3 is made of a magnetic material.

  The annular body 3 includes a plurality of cores (hereinafter referred to as coil cores) 31 (hereinafter referred to as coil cores) 31 at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction, and these coil cores. A coil 32 (conductive coil) wound around 31 is provided.

  Specifically, the coil core 31 is formed at equal intervals along the inner peripheral surface of the annular body 3 and protrudes radially inward from the inner peripheral surface. For example, the coil 32 is formed by winding all the coil cores 31 with a single electric wire, and the coil 32 is connected to a vehicle battery or the like.

  The yoke 4 is positioned concentrically with the rotating shaft 2 and attached to a casing (not shown). The yoke 4 is made of a magnetic material such as low carbon steel, for example.

  The yoke 4 has a plurality of permanent magnets 41 (12 poles in the example shown, only 4 poles shown in FIGS. 1 and 2), and N poles and S poles are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction. Is provided so as to face each coil core 31 of the annular body 3.

  Specifically, the permanent magnet 41 is attached to the yoke 4 at equal intervals so that one magnetic pole protrudes radially outward (iron core side) and the other magnetic pole contacts the outer peripheral surface of the yoke 4. It is done. In the present embodiment, the same number of permanent magnets 41 as the coil cores 31 are provided, and are arranged and fixed at circumferential positions corresponding to the coil cores 31.

  In the present embodiment, a switching device for reciprocating the yoke 4 and the permanent magnet 41 along the axial direction of the rotary shaft 2 is provided.

  The switching device includes a yoke support member 421 that slidably contacts the inner peripheral surface of the yoke 4 and supports the yoke 4 so as to be movable in the axial direction, and an air that is attached to one end of the yoke 4 in the axial direction and can expand and contract in the axial direction. A cylinder (not shown), and the air cylinder is expanded and contracted so that the permanent magnet 41 faces the coil iron core 31 (substantially the same axial position) (power generation ON position), and the axis with respect to the coil iron core 31 The position of the yoke 4 is switched at a position separated in the direction (power generation OFF position).

  The rotor 5 is disposed with a predetermined gap in the radial direction with respect to the annular body 3 and the yoke 4, and is attached to the rotary shaft 2 by a support material (not shown) (for example, a spoke-shaped support material). The gap between the rotor 5 and the annular body 3 and the yoke 4 is set in consideration of the magnetic force of the permanent magnet 41, for example.

  The rotor 5 is made of a nonmagnetic material (nonmagnetic material) (whether nonmetallic or metallic). As the non-magnetic material of the rotor 5, a material (insulator, semiconductor, etc.) having a strength that can withstand rotation and a high electrical resistance that does not easily generate eddy current is used. For example, as the nonmagnetic material of the rotor 5, stainless steel, brass, plastic, or the like can be considered.

  The rotor 5 is provided with a plurality of pole pieces 51 made of a magnetic material (magnetic material) (for example, iron).

  The pole pieces 51 are embedded in the rotor 5 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and are provided so as to face the coil core 31 of the annular body 3 and the permanent magnet 41 of the yoke 4, respectively. Further, between the pole pieces 51 of the rotor 5, a nonmagnetic part 52 made of a nonmagnetic material constituting the rotor 5 itself is located.

  In the present embodiment, the same number of pole pieces 51 of the rotor 5 as the coil cores 31 of the annular body 3 (and the permanent magnets 41 of the yoke 4) are provided.

  The magnetic material of the pole piece 51 is desirably a material having a high magnetic permeability so that the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 41 passes through the coil core 31 as much as possible, and a material having a large electric resistance (insulator or semiconductor) so that eddy currents are not easily generated. Etc.) is preferable. For example, as the magnetic material of the pole piece 51, a laminated steel plate can be considered.

  The rotary shaft drive means is for generating power by transmitting the rotation of the engine to the rotary shaft 2 of the rotary generator 1, for example, a pulley attached to a crankshaft of the engine (not shown), the pulley and the rotation And a belt for connecting the rotating shaft 2 of the generator 1.

  As will be described in detail later, the rotating shaft driving means rotates the rotating shaft 2 (rotor 5), and between the coil core 31 of the annular body 3 and the permanent magnet 41 of the yoke 4, the pole piece 51 of the rotor 5 or nonmagnetic. By alternately positioning the body parts 52 and increasing or decreasing the amount of magnetic flux, an electromotive force is generated in the coil 32 of the annular body 3 to generate electricity.

  Next, the operation of the rotary generator 1 of this embodiment will be described.

  First, a magnetic circuit formed between the coil iron core 31, the pole piece 51, and the permanent magnet 41 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, 4, and 5. FIG. 4 and 5 schematically show a rotary engine having a permanent magnet and a power generation coil having 8 poles in a linear model.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, when the pole piece 51 of the rotor 5 is located at the same circumferential position as the coil core 31 of the annular body 3 and the permanent magnet 41 of the yoke 4, the N pole of the permanent magnet 41 A magnetic circuit C <b> 1 is formed that passes through the pole piece 51 and the coil core 31 and reaches the yoke 4, the adjacent coil core 31, the pole piece 51, and the S pole of the permanent magnet 41. At this time, the magnetic flux passing through the coil core 31 is maximized.

  When the rotor 5 rotates from the position shown in FIG. 1, the amount of magnetic flux passing through the pole piece 51 and passing through the coil iron core 31 gradually decreases.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 and 5, when the nonmagnetic portion 52 of the rotor 5 is located at the same circumferential position as the coil core 31 of the annular body 3 and the permanent magnet 41 of the yoke 4, the nonmagnetic portion The magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 41 to the coil core 31 is interrupted by 52, and a magnetic circuit C2 is formed from the N pole of the permanent magnet 41 to the S pole of the adjacent permanent magnet 41 through the pole piece 51. At this time, the magnetic flux passing through the coil iron core 31 is minimum (almost 0).

  When the rotor 5 rotates from the position shown in FIG. 2, the amount of magnetic flux passing through the coil core 31 through the pole piece 51 gradually increases.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the rotating shaft 2 and the rotor 5 are rotated, and the amount of magnetic flux entering the coil core 31 is increased or decreased to generate an electromotive force in the coil 32.

  Next, the relationship between the rotation angle of the rotating shaft 2 (rotor 5), the voltage of the coil 32, and the magnetic flux in the coil iron core 31 will be described with reference to FIG.

  As an example, FIG. 6 shows a magnetic flux (indicated by a broken line M in FIG. 6) and an electromotive force (voltage) (voltage in FIG. 6) in the coil core 31 due to the rotation angle of the rotor 5 in the rotary generator 1 having 12 poles. (Shown by solid line E). Here, the rotation angle when the pole piece 51 is located at the same circumferential position as the coil core 31 and the permanent magnet 41 is 0 degree, and shows up to 60 degrees.

  As shown in FIG. 6, at the rotation angles 0, 30 and 60 degrees (indicated by reference sign H in FIG. 6) where the pole piece 51 is located at the same circumferential position as the coil core 31 and the permanent magnet 41, the coil core 31. The magnetic flux inside becomes the maximum.

  On the other hand, at the rotation angle of 15 and 45 degrees (indicated by symbol L in FIG. 6) where the pole piece 51 is located at the intermediate position of the pole (permanent magnet 41), the magnetic flux in the coil core 31 is minimized.

  As described above, the magnetic flux in the coil core 31 changes depending on the rotation angle, and an electromotive force corresponding to the amount of change is generated in the coil 32 to generate power.

  Thus, in this embodiment, since only the rotor 5 in which the pole piece 51 is embedded is rotated to generate an electromotive force in the coil 32, it is not necessary to rotate both the permanent magnet 41 and the coil 32, the coil side or The conventional problem that the permanent magnet side is damaged can be solved.

  Further, since the permanent magnet 41 is not rotated, for example, as in the switching device of the present embodiment, the permanent magnet 41 and the yoke 4 are moved in the direction of the rotation axis 2 so as to be away from the coil core 31 and from the permanent magnet 41 to the coil core. A structure that reduces the magnetic flux entering 31 can be easily adopted. This makes it possible to reduce cogging torque and loss when power generation is not required.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, Various modifications and application examples can be considered.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the annular body 3 (coil core 31 and coil 32) is disposed on the outer peripheral side in the radial direction with respect to the rotors 5 and 7, and the yoke 4 (permanent magnet 41) is disposed on the inner peripheral side. The arrangement of the annular body 3 and the yoke 4 may be reversed on the inner and outer periphery.

  Moreover, you may make it arrange | position a yoke (magnet), a rotor (pole piece), and a cyclic | annular body (a coil iron core and a coil) in order in a rotating shaft direction.

  That is, a ring-shaped yoke is arranged on the fixed side in an axial direction with respect to the annular body, and is located between the annular body and the yoke, and is made of a non-magnetic material (or made of a non-magnetic conductor). ) A ring-shaped rotor may be provided on the rotating shaft. At this time, the annular body, the yoke, and the rotor are preferably formed in a ring shape having substantially the same diameter.

  Further, the switching device is not limited to the above-described one that moves the yoke 4 in the axial direction. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, a plurality of magnets 101 have alternating N poles and S poles along the circumferential direction. Such a fixed yoke 102 may be arranged in two rows in the axial direction, and a rotary switching mechanism 117 for rotating one yoke 102 in the circumferential direction by an air cylinder (not shown) or the like may be used.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a rotary generator according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the rotary generator of the present embodiment, and shows a state in which the rotor has rotated a predetermined angle from FIG. FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of the rotary generator according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a linear model diagram for explaining the operation of the rotary generator of the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a linear model diagram for explaining the operation of the rotary generator of the present embodiment, and shows a state in which the rotor is rotated by a predetermined angle from FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the rotation angle of the rotor, the magnetic flux in the iron core, and the voltage of the coil.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotation generator 2 Rotating shaft 3 Annulus 31 Iron core (coil core)
32 Coil 4 Yoke 41 Permanent magnet 5 Rotor 51 Pole piece 52 Non-magnetic part

Claims (3)

An annular body provided concentrically with the rotation axis and provided on the fixed side;
A plurality of iron cores provided at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular body;
A conductive coil wound around these iron cores;
A ring-shaped yoke provided on the fixed side and positioned on the radially inner side or outer side of the annular body;
A plurality of permanent magnets provided on the yoke such that N poles and S poles alternate along the circumferential direction, and each magnetic pole faces each iron core of the annular body;
A ring-shaped rotor made of a non-magnetic material provided on the rotating shaft between the annular body and the yoke;
A plurality of pole pieces made of a magnetic body provided on the rotor so as to face the iron core of the annular body and the permanent magnet of the yoke;
The pole piece or nonmagnetic part of the rotor is positioned between the iron core of the annular body and the permanent magnet of the yoke, and the amount of magnetic flux is increased or decreased to generate an electromotive force in the coil of the annular body to generate power. And a rotary generator for rotating shaft. An annular body provided concentrically with the rotation axis and provided on the fixed side;
A plurality of iron cores provided at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular body;
A conductive coil wound around these iron cores;
A ring-shaped yoke provided on the fixed side in the axial direction with respect to the annular body;
A plurality of permanent magnets provided on the yoke such that N poles and S poles alternate along the circumferential direction, and each magnetic pole faces each iron core of the annular body;
A ring-shaped rotor made of a non-magnetic material provided on the rotating shaft between the annular body and the yoke;
A plurality of pole pieces made of a magnetic body provided on the rotor so as to face the iron core of the annular body and the permanent magnet of the yoke;
The pole piece or nonmagnetic part of the rotor is positioned between the iron core of the annular body and the permanent magnet of the yoke, and the amount of magnetic flux is increased or decreased to generate an electromotive force in the coil of the annular body to generate power. And a rotary generator for rotating shaft. The rotary generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein pole pieces of the rotor are provided in the same number as the iron core of the annular body.

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