JP2008014841A - Ultrasonic flowmeter - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an ultrasonic flowmeter capable of highly accurately measuring the quantity of flow by excluding the effects of electromagnetic noise. <P>SOLUTION: Ultrasonic waves are transmitted and received in the forward direction and the backward direction of the flow of a fluid between a pair of ultrasonic oscillators 2 and 3 arranged at a prescribed distance from each other on the upstream side and the downstream side of a fluid conduit 1 through which the fluid flows in the ultrasonic flowmeter, and the ultrasonic flowmeter computes the quantity of flow on the basis of the difference in the time of arrival of the ultrasonic waves in each direction. The ultrasonic flowmeter is provided with a drive part 5 for driving a transmission-side ultrasonic oscillator; an amplification part 6 for amplifying signals outputted from a reception-side ultrasonic oscillator which has received ultrasonic waves from the transmission-side ultrasonic oscillator driven by the drive part 5; a time measuring part 7 for measuring the time to the reception-side ultrasonic oscillator's reception of ultrasonic waves transmitted from the transmission-side ultrasonic oscillator; and an operation part 8 for computing the quantity of flow on the basis of the time measured at the time measuring part 7. The amplification part 6 comprises a differential amplifier for differentially amplifying a group of signals each outputted from the pair of ultrasonic oscillators 2 and 3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the flow rate of a fluid using ultrasonic waves, and more particularly to a technique for improving measurement accuracy by reducing noise.

  Conventionally, a pair of ultrasonic transducers are arranged at a certain distance on the upstream side and the downstream side of a fluid flow path, and ultrasonic signals are repeatedly transmitted and received between the pair of ultrasonic transducers. Difference between the ultrasonic signal propagation integration time from the ultrasonic transducer to the downstream ultrasonic transducer and the ultrasonic signal propagation integration time from the downstream ultrasonic transducer to the upstream ultrasonic transducer There is known an ultrasonic flowmeter that obtains a flow velocity based on the flow velocity and obtains a flow rate based on the obtained flow velocity.

  In such a conventional ultrasonic flowmeter, the pair of ultrasonic transducers must be disposed at a position relatively distant from the circuit board on which the control circuit for controlling the pair of ultrasonic transducers is mounted. There is a problem in that electromagnetic noise is superimposed on a signal output from the ultrasonic transducer on the receiving side, resulting in a measurement error.

  In order to improve such problems, the use of a charge amplifier (charge detector) for the amplification part of the signal output from the ultrasonic transducer on the receiving side reduces the impedance of the amplification part and reduces measurement errors. An ultrasonic flow meter for reducing the pressure has been developed (for example, Patent Document 1).

The ultrasonic flowmeter described in Patent Document 1 alternately switches a pair of transducers arranged opposite to the upstream side and the downstream side of the fluid conduit through which the fluid to be measured flows, thereby transmitting ultrasonic waves. In an ultrasonic flowmeter that measures the flow rate of a fluid by performing wave and reception, a transmission circuit that exhibits an output impedance smaller than the series resonance impedance of a piezoelectric vibrator used in the transducer and energizes one transducer; And a receiving circuit that receives an input impedance substantially equal to the output impedance of the transmitting circuit and receives a signal from the other transducer, and each transducer is configured to operate in the vicinity of the series resonance state.
No. 7-10253

  However, in the ultrasonic flowmeter disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above, the transmission circuit and the reception circuit operate with low impedance, so that the influence of interference noise can be suppressed, and the signal level in the reception circuit is reduced and thermal noise is reduced. However, there is a problem that the common mode noise superimposed on the signal output from the ultrasonic transducer on the receiving side cannot be removed.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and provides an ultrasonic flowmeter capable of measuring a flow rate with high accuracy by eliminating the influence of various electromagnetic noises including common mode noise. Let it be an issue.

  An ultrasonic flowmeter according to the present invention includes a forward direction of a fluid flow between a pair of ultrasonic transducers arranged at a certain distance between an upstream side and a downstream side of a fluid conduit through which a fluid flows. An ultrasonic flowmeter that mutually transmits and receives ultrasonic waves in opposite directions and calculates a flow rate based on a difference in arrival time of ultrasonic waves in each direction, a driving unit that drives a transmitting-side ultrasonic transducer, and a driving unit An amplifying unit for amplifying a signal output from the reception-side ultrasonic transducer that has received the ultrasonic wave from the transmission-side ultrasonic transducer driven by the transmitter, and the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the transmission-side ultrasonic transducer is the reception side A time measuring unit that measures the time until reception by the ultrasonic transducer, and a calculation unit that calculates a flow rate based on the time measured by the time measuring unit, the amplifying unit from each of the pair of ultrasonic transducers It consists of a differential amplifier that differentially amplifies a set of output signals And said that you are.

  According to the ultrasonic flowmeter of the present invention, the signal from the reception-side ultrasonic transducer is configured to be differentially amplified by the amplifying unit, so that the common mode noise is removed and the influence of electromagnetic noise is eliminated. It is possible to provide an ultrasonic flowmeter capable of high-precision flow measurement.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the ultrasonic flowmeter of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of the ultrasonic flowmeter according to the first embodiment of the present invention. This ultrasonic flowmeter has a pair of ultrasonic transducers arranged opposite to the inside of the fluid conduit 1 through which a fluid to be measured flows, that is, a first ultrasonic transducer 2 and a second ultrasonic transducer 3. And a switching unit 4 for controlling the first ultrasonic transducer 2 and the second ultrasonic transducer 3, a driving unit 5, an amplifying unit 6, a time measuring unit 7, a calculating unit 8 and a control unit 9. ing.

  The first ultrasonic transducer 2 generates an ultrasonic wave according to the drive signal sent from the switching unit 4, transmits the ultrasonic wave toward the second ultrasonic transducer 3, and from the second ultrasonic transducer 3. The transmitted ultrasonic wave is received, converted into an electric signal, and sent to the switching unit 4 as a received signal.

  The second ultrasonic transducer 3 generates an ultrasonic wave according to the drive signal sent from the switching unit 4, transmits the ultrasonic wave toward the first ultrasonic transducer 2, and from the first ultrasonic transducer 2. The transmitted ultrasonic wave is received, converted into an electric signal, and sent to the switching unit 4 as a received signal.

  The switching unit 4 switches whether the ultrasonic wave is propagated in the forward direction or the reverse direction in accordance with the control signal sent from the control unit 9. In this specification, the direction in which the ultrasonic wave propagates from the first ultrasonic transducer 2 toward the second ultrasonic transducer 3 is referred to as the forward direction, and the first ultrasonic vibration from the second ultrasonic transducer 3. The direction of propagation toward child 2 is referred to as the reverse direction.

  The drive unit 5 generates a drive signal in response to an instruction from the control unit 9 and sends the drive signal to the transmission-side ultrasonic transducer via the switching unit 4. As a result, the transmission-side ultrasonic transducer is driven to generate ultrasonic waves.

  The amplifying unit 6 is composed of a differential amplifier, and differentially amplifies a set of received signals sent from the receiving-side ultrasonic transducer via the switching unit 4 to the time measuring unit 7 and the control unit 9. send. Details of the amplifying unit 6 will be described later.

  The time measuring unit 7 is the time from when the ultrasonic wave is transmitted from the transmission-side ultrasonic transducer to when it is received by the reception-side ultrasonic transducer, that is, the first ultrasonic transducer 2 and the second ultrasonic transducer 3. Measure the time for ultrasonic wave to propagate between. Specifically, the timer unit 7 starts timing in response to the start signal sent from the control unit 9, and stops timing in response to the stop signal. The propagation time of the ultrasonic waves measured by the time measuring unit 7 is sent to the calculating unit 8.

  The calculation unit 8 calculates the flow velocity of the fluid flowing through the fluid conduit 1 based on the forward ultrasonic wave propagation time and the reverse ultrasonic wave propagation time sent from the time measuring unit 7, and this flow velocity Based on the above, the flow rate is calculated. The flow rate calculated by the calculation unit 8 is displayed on a display (not shown), for example, and used for billing.

  The controller 9 is composed of, for example, a microcomputer, and controls the entire ultrasonic flowmeter. The control operation by the control unit 9 will be described in detail below.

  Next, the operation of the ultrasonic flowmeter according to the first embodiment of the present invention configured as described above will be described. First, the control unit 9 sends a control signal to the switching unit 4 so that the first ultrasonic transducer 2 is on the transmission side and the second ultrasonic transducer 3 is on the reception side, that is, the ultrasonic waves are sequentially transmitted. Set to propagate in the direction. Thereafter, the control unit 9 instructs the drive unit 5 to generate a drive signal and sends a start signal to the time measuring unit 7. Thereby, the time measuring part 7 starts measurement of propagation time.

  The drive unit 5 generates a drive signal in response to an instruction from the control unit 9 and sends the drive signal to the first ultrasonic transducer 2 via the switching unit 4. Accordingly, the first ultrasonic transducer 2 generates an ultrasonic wave and transmits it to the second ultrasonic transducer 3. A signal generated in the second ultrasonic transducer 3 that has received this ultrasonic wave is sent to the amplifying unit 6 via the switching unit 4 as a received signal. Then, the signal is amplified by the amplifying unit 6 and sent to the time measuring unit 7 and the control unit 9.

  When receiving the reception signal from the amplification unit 6, the control unit 9 instructs the drive unit 5 to generate the drive signal again. The above operation is repeated a predetermined number of times. Then, when receiving the last (predetermined number of times) received signal, the control unit 9 sends a stop signal to the time measuring unit 7. As a result, the measurement of the forward propagation time in the time measuring unit 7 is completed, and the propagation time measured by the time measuring unit 7 is sent to the calculation unit 8.

  Next, the control unit 9 sends a control signal to the switching unit 4 so that the second ultrasonic transducer 3 is on the transmission side and the first ultrasonic transducer 2 is on the reception side, that is, the ultrasonic wave is transmitted. Set to propagate in the reverse direction. Thereafter, the same operation as in the forward direction described above is performed.

  When the measurement of the propagation time in the reverse direction in the timekeeping unit 7 is completed and the propagation time measured in the timekeeping unit 7 is sent to the calculation unit 8, the calculation unit 8 reverses the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave in the forward direction. Based on the difference from the propagation time of the ultrasonic wave, the flow velocity of the gas flowing in the fluid pipe 1 is calculated, and the flow rate is calculated based on this flow velocity. Thus, the measurement of the fluid flow rate is completed.

  Next, details of the amplifying unit 6 will be described. The amplifying unit 6 of the ultrasonic flowmeter according to the first embodiment includes a differential amplifier. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the amplifying unit 6. The amplification unit 6 includes a first operational amplifier 10, a second operational amplifier 11, and resistors R1 to R4. A set of signals output from the reception-side ultrasonic transducer passes through the switching unit 4 and is supplied to the first input terminal IN1 of the amplifying unit 6 as an amplifying unit input signal + side S8 and an amplifying unit input signal−side S8 ′. And the second input terminal IN2.

  The first input terminal IN1 is connected to the inverting input terminal (−) of the first operational amplifier 10 via the resistor R1. The output terminal of the first operational amplifier 10 is connected to the inverting input terminal (−) via the resistor R2 and to the first output terminal OUT1. The non-inverting input terminal (+) of the first operational amplifier 10 is grounded. The output of the first operational amplifier 10 is output to the outside as one signal via the first output terminal OUT1.

  The second input terminal IN2 is connected to the inverting input terminal (−) of the second operational amplifier 11 via the resistor R3. The output terminal of the second operational amplifier 11 is connected to the inverting input terminal (−) via the resistor R4 and to the second output terminal OUT2. The non-inverting input terminal (+) of the second operational amplifier 11 is grounded. The output of the second operational amplifier 11 is output to the outside as the other signal through the second output terminal OUT2. Note that the voltage dividing ratio between the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 is set to be the same as the voltage dividing ratio between the resistor R1 and the resistor R2.

  In the amplifying unit 6 configured as described above, the potential at the connection point a between the resistors R1 and R2, that is, the potential at the inverting input terminal (−) of the first operational amplifier 10, and the connection point b between the resistors R3 and R4. The potential, that is, the potential of the inverting input terminal (−) of the second operational amplifier 11 is equal. This is the same even when common mode noise is superimposed on the amplification unit input signal + side S8 and the amplification unit input signal-side S8 ', and the amplification unit input signal + side S8 and the amplification unit input signal-side are the same. The level of common mode noise superimposed on S8 ′ is also the same.

  Therefore, the amplification unit input signal + side S8 and the amplification unit input signal − side S8 ′ input to the amplification unit 6 are differentially amplified, and the signal in which the common mode noise is canceled is output to the first output terminal OUT1 and the second output. Output from the terminal OUT2.

  As described above, since the amplification unit 6 is configured by a differential amplifier, even if common mode noise is superimposed on the amplification unit input signal + side S8 and the amplification unit input signal-side S8 ′ to the amplification unit 6, Therefore, it is possible to measure the flow rate with high accuracy.

  In the ultrasonic flowmeter according to the second embodiment of the present invention, the amplification unit 6 in the first embodiment is configured by a differential current-voltage conversion circuit (hereinafter referred to as “differential charge amplifier”).

  FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the amplifying unit 6. The amplifying unit 6 includes a first operational amplifier 10, a second operational amplifier 11, a feedback resistor Rf1, a feedback resistor Rf2, a feedback capacitor Cf1, and a feedback capacitor Cf2. A set of signals output from the reception-side ultrasonic transducer passes through the switching unit 4 and is supplied to the first input terminal IN1 of the amplifying unit 6 as an amplifying unit input signal + side S8 and an amplifying unit input signal−side S8 ′. And the second input terminal IN2.

  The first input terminal IN <b> 1 is connected to the inverting input terminal (−) of the first operational amplifier 10. The output of the first operational amplifier 10 is connected to the inverting input terminal (−) through a parallel circuit including a feedback capacitor Cf1 and a feedback resistor Rf1, and is also connected to the first output terminal OUT1. The non-inverting input terminal (+) of the first operational amplifier 10 is grounded.

  The second input terminal IN <b> 2 is connected to the inverting input terminal (−) of the second operational amplifier 11. The output of the second operational amplifier 11 is connected to the inverting input terminal (−) through a parallel circuit including a feedback capacitor Cf2 and a feedback resistor Rf2, and is also connected to the second output terminal OUT2. The non-inverting input terminal (+) of the second operational amplifier 11 is grounded.

  In the amplification unit 6 configured as described above, the potential of the inverting input terminal (−) a of the first operational amplifier 10 is equal to the potential of the inverting input terminal (−) b of the second operational amplifier 11. This is the same even when common mode noise is superimposed on the amplification unit input signal + side S8 and the amplification unit input signal-side S8 ', and the amplification unit input signal + side S8 and the amplification unit input signal-side are the same. The level of common mode noise superimposed on S8 ′ is also the same.

  Therefore, the amplification unit input signal + side S8 and the amplification unit input signal − side S8 ′ input to the amplification unit 6 are differentially amplified, and the signal in which the common mode noise is canceled is output to the first output terminal OUT1 and the second output. Output from the terminal OUT2. Further, since the amplifying unit 6 is constituted by a charge amplifier, the current operation is performed and the input impedance is reduced, so that the influence of electromagnetic noise is reduced.

  Here, the capacitances of the feedback capacitors Cf1 and Cf2 can be determined as follows. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the ultrasonic transducer. The equivalent circuit is configured by connecting a series circuit including a capacitor Cs1 and a voltage source in parallel to a series circuit including an inductor Ls, a capacitor Cs0, and a resistor Rs.

  Here, the capacitance of the capacitor Cs1 is sufficiently larger than the capacitance of the capacitor Cs0. Accordingly, since the capacitance of the capacitor Cs0 can be ignored, the amplification factor of the first operational amplifier 10 depends on the capacitance ratio of the capacitor Cs1 and the feedback capacitor Cf1, and the amplification factor of the second operational amplifier 11 differs from that of the capacitor Cs1. It is determined by the capacitance ratio with the capacitor Cf2.

  As the ultrasonic transducer, it is preferable to employ one having an oscillation frequency of 100 KHz, which exceeds 20 kHz, which is the human audible range, and a band of about 1 MHz that can be easily manufactured industrially. Therefore, in order to obtain a practical amplification factor that does not require high performance in the first operational amplifier 10 and the second operational amplifier 11, the capacitances of the feedback capacitors Cf1 and Cf2 are the capacitances of the ultrasonic transducers. It is preferably about 1/5 to 1/40.

  Note that the differential charge amplifier used as the amplifying unit 6 described above can be configured by a transistor. FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing an example in which the amplifying unit 6 is composed of transistors.

  The amplifying unit 6 includes transistors Q1 to Q4, resistors r1 to r7, resistors Rf1 to Rf2, and feedback capacitors Cf1 and Cf2. A set of signals output from the reception-side ultrasonic transducer passes through the switching unit 4 and is supplied to the first input terminal IN1 of the amplifying unit 6 as an amplifying unit input signal + side S8 and an amplifying unit input signal−side S8 ′. And the second input terminal IN2.

  The first input terminal IN1 is connected to the base of the transistor Q1, and the second input terminal IN2 is connected to the base of the transistor Q2. The collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the plus power source via the resistor r1, and the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the plus power source via the resistor r3. The emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of a resistor r5 through a resistor r2, the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of a resistor r5 through a resistor r4, and the other end of the resistor r5 is connected to a negative power source. Yes.

  The collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to the base of the transistor Q3, and the collector of the transistor Q3 is connected to a positive power source. The emitter of the transistor Q3 is connected to a negative power source through a resistor r6, and is connected to the base of the transistor Q1 through a parallel circuit including a feedback capacitor Cf1 and a feedback resistor Rf1, and further, a first output terminal Connected to OUT1.

  The collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to the base of the transistor Q4, and the collector of the transistor Q4 is connected to a positive power source. The emitter of the transistor Q4 is connected to a negative power source via a resistor r7, and is connected to the base of the transistor Q2 via a parallel circuit composed of a feedback capacitor Cf2 and a feedback resistor Rf2, and a second output terminal. Connected to OUT2.

  In the amplification unit 6 configured as described above, the base potential of the transistor Q1 is equal to the base potential of the transistor Q2. This is the same even when common mode noise is superimposed on the amplification unit input signal + side S8 and the amplification unit input signal-side S8 ', and the amplification unit input signal + side S8 and the amplification unit input signal-side are the same. The level of common mode noise superimposed on S8 ′ is also the same. Therefore, the input amplification unit input signal + side S8 and amplification unit input signal-side S8 'are differentially amplified, and signals from which common mode noise is canceled are output from the first output terminal OUT1 and the second output terminal OUT2. Is done. Further, since the amplifying unit 6 is constituted by a charge amplifier, the current operation is performed and the input impedance is reduced, so that the influence of electromagnetic noise is reduced.

  In the ultrasonic flowmeter according to the third embodiment of the present invention, a signal line that connects a pair of ultrasonic transducers and a circuit board on which the amplification unit 6 is mounted is formed of a stranded wire.

  FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the ultrasonic flowmeter according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The switching unit 4 and the amplifying unit 6 are mounted on one circuit board 10. The other components (the drive unit 5, the time measuring unit 7, the calculation unit 8, and the control unit 9) are also mounted on the circuit board 10, but are not shown in FIG. The first ultrasonic transducer 2 and the second ultrasonic transducer 3 and the circuit board 10 are connected by a signal line 20 made of a stranded wire.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing the structure of the ultrasonic flowmeter shown in FIG. The ultrasonic flowmeter has a concave fluid conduit 1 formed inside a metal case 30, and the fluid introduced from the fluid inlet is discharged from the fluid outlet through the fluid conduit 1. The first ultrasonic transducer 2 on the upstream side and the second ultrasonic transducer 3 on the downstream side are disposed so as to face part of the fluid conduit 1 (concave bottom).

  The circuit board 10 is disposed inside the case 30. And between the 1st ultrasonic transducer | vibrator 2 and the circuit board 10 and between the 2nd ultrasonic transducer | vibrator 3 and the circuit board 10 is from the strand wire arrange | positioned along the inner wall of the fluid conduit 1 Are connected by a signal line 20. The number of twists (number of turns) of the signal line 20 is preferably an even number.

  Thus, since the signal line 20 that connects the first ultrasonic transducer 2 and the second ultrasonic transducer 3 and the circuit board 10 is formed of a stranded wire, the influence of the electromagnetic noise that the signal line 20 receives is affected. Can be small.

  Further, since the signal line 20 is disposed along the fluid conduit 1 made of metal, the shield effect by the fluid conduit 1 makes it difficult for potential due to electromagnetic noise to occur, and the electromagnetic noise is superimposed on the signal line 20. There is an advantage that it becomes difficult. Note that the signal line 20 can also be disposed along the outer wall of the fluid pipe line 1. In this case, the above-described electromagnetic noise is hardly superimposed.

  The length a1 of the signal line 20 that connects the first ultrasonic sensor 2 and the circuit board 10 is equal to the length a2 of the signal line 20 that connects the second ultrasonic sensor 3 and the circuit board 10. It is comprised so that it may become substantially equal. With such a configuration, the potential of the electromagnetic noise superimposed on the amplification unit input signal + side S8 flowing through the signal line 20 and the potential of the electromagnetic noise superimposed on the amplification unit input signal-side S8 ′ are substantially equal. These electromagnetic noises can be canceled out by differential amplification in the amplification unit 6.

  The circuit board 10 is arranged so that the distance b from which the signal line 20 drawn from the circuit board 10 reaches the inner wall or the outer wall of the fluid conduit 1 is minimized. Thereby, since the influence of the electromagnetic noise which the signal line 20 (part corresponding to the distance b) from the circuit board 10 to the fluid conduit 1 receives can be reduced, the electromagnetic noise is hardly superimposed on the signal line 20. There are advantages.

  Moreover, as the signal wire | line 20, the wire from which the strand wire was further shielded can be used. According to this configuration, the influence of the electromagnetic noise that the signal line 20 receives from the outside can be further reduced as compared with the case where a simple stranded wire is used.

  In the ultrasonic flowmeter according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, the signal line connecting the pair of ultrasonic transducers and the circuit board 10 on which the amplification unit 6 is mounted is configured by a shielded line.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an ultrasonic flowmeter according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The switching unit 4 and the amplifying unit 6 are mounted on one circuit board 10. Although other components (the drive unit 5, the time measuring unit 7, the calculation unit 8, and the control unit 9) are also mounted on the circuit board 10, the description is omitted in FIG. The signal line 20 ′ connecting the first ultrasonic transducer 2 and the second ultrasonic transducer 3 and the circuit board 10 is composed of a shield line.

  As the shield line constituting the signal line 20 ′, a two-core shield line in which two conductors are surrounded by an insulator such as a resin and shielded by a conductor provided in an outer layer can be used. In this case, the outer conductor is grounded.

  Further, as a shield line constituting the signal line 20 ′, three conductors are arranged concentrically with an insulator such as resin interposed therebetween, and are constituted by a coaxial shield line shielded by a conductor provided in the outermost layer. You can also. In this case, the outermost conductor is grounded.

  According to the ultrasonic flowmeter according to the fourth embodiment, the influence of electromagnetic noise received from the outside on the signal line 20 ′ can be reduced.

  The ultrasonic flowmeter according to the present invention can be used for a meter for measuring a flow rate of a gas such as an ultrasonic gas meter or a meter for measuring a flow rate of a liquid such as a water meter.

It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the ultrasonic flowmeter which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the amplification part of the ultrasonic flowmeter which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the structure of the amplification part of the ultrasonic flowmeter which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the equivalent circuit of the ultrasonic transducer | vibrator used with the ultrasonic flowmeter which concerns on Example 2 of this invention. It is a circuit diagram at the time of comprising the amplification part of the ultrasonic flowmeter which concerns on Example 2 of this invention with a transistor. It is a figure which shows the structure of the ultrasonic flowmeter which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows roughly the structure of the amplification part of the ultrasonic flowmeter which concerns on Example 3 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the ultrasonic flowmeter which concerns on Example 4 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fluid pipe line 2 1st ultrasonic transducer | vibrator 3 2nd ultrasonic transducer | vibrator 4 Switching part 5 Drive part 6 Amplifying part 7 Time measuring part 8 Control part 9 Calculation part 10 Circuit board 20, 20 'Signal line 30 Case

Claims (10)

Between a pair of ultrasonic transducers arranged at a certain distance upstream and downstream of the fluid conduit through which fluid flows, ultrasonic waves are transmitted and received in the forward and reverse directions of the fluid flow. An ultrasonic flowmeter that calculates a flow rate based on a difference in arrival time of ultrasonic waves in each direction,
A drive unit for driving the transmission-side ultrasonic transducer;
An amplifying unit for amplifying a signal output from the receiving-side ultrasonic transducer that has received the ultrasonic wave from the transmitting-side ultrasonic transducer driven by the driving unit;
A time measuring unit that measures the time until the ultrasonic wave transmitted from the transmitting ultrasonic transducer is received by the receiving ultrasonic transducer;
An arithmetic unit that calculates a flow rate based on the time measured by the time measuring unit,
The ultrasonic flowmeter, wherein the amplifying unit includes a differential amplifier that differentially amplifies a set of signals output from each of the pair of ultrasonic transducers.   The ultrasonic flowmeter, wherein the amplifying unit includes a differential current-voltage conversion circuit that differentially amplifies a pair of signals output from each of the pair of ultrasonic transducers.   The differential current-voltage conversion circuit includes an amplifier that amplifies a signal output from the reception-side ultrasonic transducer and a feedback capacitor that feeds back an output of the amplifier, and the capacitance of the feedback capacitor is the reception-side capacitance The ultrasonic flowmeter according to claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic flowmeter is 1/5 to 1/40 of the capacitance of the ultrasonic transducer.   2. The ultrasonic flow rate according to claim 1, wherein a signal line connecting the pair of ultrasonic transducers and a circuit board on which the amplification unit is mounted is wired along the fluid conduit. Total.   The length of the signal line connecting one of the pair of ultrasonic transducers and the circuit board is equal to the length of the signal line connecting the other of the pair of ultrasonic transducers and the circuit board. The ultrasonic flowmeter according to claim 4, which is substantially equal.   The ultrasonic flowmeter according to claim 4, wherein the circuit board is disposed so that a distance from the signal line drawn from the circuit board to the fluid conduit is minimized.   The ultrasonic flowmeter according to claim 4, wherein a signal line connecting the pair of ultrasonic transducers and the circuit board is formed of a stranded wire.   5. The ultrasonic flowmeter according to claim 4, wherein the signal line connecting the pair of ultrasonic transducers and the circuit board is a shielded stranded wire in which a stranded wire is shielded.   5. The ultrasonic flowmeter according to claim 4, wherein the signal line connecting the pair of ultrasonic transducers and the circuit board is a two-core shielded wire in which two conductors are shielded by an insulator.   5. The signal line connecting the pair of ultrasonic transducers and the circuit board is composed of a coaxial shield line in which two conductors are concentrically arranged with an insulator interposed therebetween. Ultrasonic flow meter.

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