JP2008008041A - Building or civil-engineering constructed object - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a building or a civil-engineering constructed object, which is effective for a reduction in a heat-island phenomenon. <P>SOLUTION: The building or the civil-engineering constructed object is at least partially composed of a water-retaining block in which a water-retaining material is held in an intercommunicating porosity of a block body with the intercommunicating porosity, and in which the water-retaining material contains at least inorganic powder for retaining water among powder particulates, and a binder for the inorganic powder. For example, in the building in which the water-retaining block is installed on a roof floor, an exterior wall, etc., a porous body, in which the water is retained in the continuous intercommunicating porosity, functions as a high-performance heat-insulating material for covering the building, in addition to a cooling action exerted by the heat of the vaporization of the retained water. Thus, a rise in the temperature of the building can be effectively suppressed. Additionally, in a pavement which is composed of the water-retaining block, a rise in the temperature of a pavement surface can be suppressed, and the cooling action exerted by the heat of the vaporization of the retained water can be maintained over a long period of time. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a building or civil engineering work using a water retention block.

  In recent years, the so-called heat island phenomenon, in which urban temperatures rise due to heat released from automobiles and buildings, is becoming a major social problem. As one of the countermeasures against this heat island phenomenon, a movement to promote rooftop greening of buildings has been activated, and some local governments have established regulations that require rooftop greening for new buildings over a certain area. The direct effect of rooftop greening on the heat island phenomenon is to suppress the temperature rise of the entire building by blocking solar radiation, and to reduce the cooling load by suppressing this temperature rise and to suppress the generation of radiant heat due to cooling. , Etc.

On the other hand, as for the above-ground part, measures have been taken to reduce the heat island phenomenon with the heat of vaporization of rainwater and artificial water sprinkled by rainwater and artificial watering that has been given to the asphalt pavement. Various techniques related to pavement water retention materials have been proposed (for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-46513 JP 2003-147717 A JP 2003-201705 A

However, rooftop greening, one of the countermeasures against the heat island phenomenon, requires limited buildings that can be applied in terms of the scale, structure, strength, etc., and requires safety and protection measures against plant management and typhoons. There are limitations and problems such as the need for equipment and management costs for that purpose, and the creation of a rooftop space that cannot be used due to planting.
On the other hand, it is needless to say that the water retention asphalt pavement can be applied only to the road surface, and therefore the effect is limited. In addition, according to the study by the present inventors, asphalt pavement is likely to become hot due to solar radiation, so even in the case of pavement with water retention, the road surface temperature becomes considerably high during the summer day. As a result, since the evaporation rate of the retained water is increased, it has been found that the sustainability of the cooling effect by the heat of vaporization is low.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a building or civil engineering work effective in reducing the heat island phenomenon in view of the above-described problems of the prior art.

The present inventors pay attention to porous block bodies (porous concrete, etc.) conventionally used for the purpose of permeating rainwater, etc., and this is completely opposite to conventional usage forms, as a water retaining body. I got the idea that it could be used. And after conducting a detailed study based on such an idea, a water retaining material was injected into a porous block body made of concrete or other hydrated cured product, and the continuous voids (continuous open pores) were injected. It was found that when a building or pavement is constructed using a block holding a water retaining material as a material, the construction has high water retaining performance and can exhibit an effective function for suppressing the heat island phenomenon. In particular, (i) a building in which the above water-retaining block is installed on the rooftop or outer wall surface has a porous body that retains water in the continuous voids in addition to the cooling action by the heat of vaporization of the water retained by the block. Since it functions as a high-performance heat insulating material that covers the main body, it can effectively suppress the temperature rise of buildings due to solar radiation, etc. (ii) The pavement constructed by laying the above water retention block is a conventional water retention property Compared to asphalt pavement, it is possible to suppress the temperature rise of the pavement surface and to exhibit a unique function that is particularly effective in reducing the heat island phenomenon that the cooling action by the heat of vaporization of the retained water can be sustained for a long time. I found that I can do it.
Furthermore, among the water-retaining blocks as described above, those in which a specific water-retaining material composition is injected into a specific hydrated and cured block body have excellent performance particularly in both water retention performance and block strength. Therefore, it was found that a construction / civil engineering construction using such a water retaining block can exhibit particularly excellent performance.

The present invention has been made on the basis of such knowledge and has the following gist.
[1] A water retaining material is held in the continuous void of the block body having continuous voids, and the water retaining material contains at least an inorganic powder that retains water between the powder particles and a binder thereof, Architectural or civil engineering construction characterized by being used for a part.
[2] In the construction or civil engineering construction of [1] above, the construction or civil engineering construction is any one of a building, a civil engineering structure, a pavement, a retaining wall, a fence, and a planting structure. .
[3] The building or civil engineering construction according to the above [2], which is a pavement constructed by laying a water retaining block.
[4] The building or civil engineering construction according to the above [2], wherein the water retaining block is a building installed on the roof or / and the outer wall.

[5] The building or civil engineering construction according to any one of the above [1] to [4], wherein the block body is a hydrated cured body or a carbonate solidified body of inorganic particles.
[6] The building or civil engineering construction according to the above [5], wherein the block body is a hydrated hardened body using steelmaking slag as an aggregate.
[7] In the construction or civil engineering construction of [6] above, the hydrated hardened body is a coarse steelmaking slag that remains on a 1.2 mm sieve in sieving according to JIS A 1102 “Aggregate sieving test method”. A hardened body obtained by kneading a steelmaking slag as a main component and a hydraulic binder having a particle size of 0.1 mm or less in the presence of water and curing by a hydration reaction. A building or civil engineering work characterized in that it is a cured body having a unit amount of 70 kg / m ³ or more and a continuous porosity of 5 to 40% by volume.

[8] In the building or civil engineering construction of any of the above [1] to [7], a water retention block obtained by impregnating a block body having continuous voids with a water slurry of a water retention material composition, The water-retaining material composition has a particle size distribution in which a powder having a particle size of 425 μm or less is 60% by mass or more, and 100 parts by mass of inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of SiO ₂ and / or CaCO ₃ in total. A construction or civil engineering work characterized in that it contains 1-35 parts by mass of cement.
[9] In the building or civil engineering construction of any of the above [1] to [7], a water retention block obtained by impregnating a block body having continuous voids with a water slurry of a water retention material composition, The water-retaining material composition has a particle size distribution such that powder having a particle size of 425 μm or less is 60% by mass or more, and inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of SiO ₂ and / or CaCO ₃ in total is 70 to 99.95 mass. % And blast furnace granulated slag of 0.05 to 30% by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of a mixture, 1 to 35 parts by mass of cement is blended.

[10] In the building or civil engineering construction of any one of the above [1] to [7], a water retention block obtained by impregnating a block body having continuous voids with a water slurry of a water retention material composition, The water-retaining material composition has a particle size distribution in which a powder having a particle size of 425 μm or less is 60% by mass or more, and an alkali stimulant or 100% by mass of inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of amorphous SiO ₂ A construction or civil engineering construction characterized in that it contains 1 to 35 parts by mass of / and cement in total.
[11] In the building or civil engineering construction of any of the above [1] to [7], a water retention block obtained by impregnating a block body having continuous voids with a water slurry of a water retention material composition, The water-retaining material composition has a particle size distribution in which a powder having a particle size of 425 μm or less is 60% by mass or more, and an inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of amorphous SiO ₂ is 70 to 99.95% by mass, a blast furnace Architectural or civil engineering comprising 1 to 35 parts by mass of an alkali stimulant or / and cement in total for 100 parts by mass of a mixture of 0.05 to 30% by mass of granulated slag Construction work.

  The building or civil engineering work of the present invention has high water retention performance and can exhibit an effective function for suppressing the heat island phenomenon. In particular, if the construction / civil engineering work is a building with a water-retaining block installed on the rooftop or outer wall, water is retained in the continuous gap in addition to the cooling effect of the water vaporization heat retained by the water-retaining block. Since the porous body that has been used functions as a high-performance heat insulating material that covers the building body, it is possible to effectively suppress the temperature rise of the building due to solar radiation, etc. In the case of the constructed pavement, the temperature rise of the pavement surface can be suppressed and the cooling action by the heat of vaporization of the retained water can be maintained for a long time as compared with the conventional water-holding asphalt pavement.

In the building or civil engineering work of the present invention, a water retention material is retained in the continuous voids of a block body having continuous voids (continuous open pores), and the water retention material is at least an inorganic powder that retains water between powder particles and The water-retaining block containing the binding material is used at least in part.
Examples of the construction or civil engineering construction to which the present invention is applied include, for example, (a) buildings such as office buildings, apartment houses, general houses, (b) civil engineering structures such as road structures and underground structures, (c) Examples include roads (including sidewalks), pavements such as open spaces, playgrounds, (d) retaining walls, fences, and structures such as planting structures (eg flower beds), but are not limited to these. Absent.

The block body constituting the water-retaining block used in the present invention can be of any type as long as it is obtained using inorganic particles as a main raw material and has continuous voids therein. From the viewpoint of strength and cost, concrete and A porous hydrated cured product made of another hydrated cured product is preferred. In addition, a carbonate solidified body of inorganic particles, a porous ceramic body, or the like may be used.
The continuous porosity of the block body is 5 to 40% by volume, more preferably about 10 to 30% by volume. If the continuous porosity is less than 5% by volume, the water retention performance is not sufficient. On the other hand, if it exceeds 40% by volume, there may be a problem in the strength and durability of the block body.
In addition, the continuous porosity is the "Research Report on the Research Committee on Establishment of Design and Construction Method of Porous Concrete, Japan Concrete Institute" (May 2003) p179. “Measure (draft)”.

The carbonate solidified body is a material layer (inorganic particles) containing uncarbonated Ca such as CaO brought into contact with carbon dioxide gas in the presence of moisture (usually carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide-containing gas in the packed layer). ), And the entire filling layer is consolidated using calcium carbonate produced by carbonation of uncarbonated Ca as a binder. Within this carbonate solidified body, fine continuous voids (continuous open pores) are formed by gaps between the raw material particles bonded with calcium carbonate. As raw material particles containing uncarbonated Ca, for example, any material such as steel slag (such as blast furnace slag and steelmaking slag) and waste concrete can be used, but steel slag is particularly preferable in terms of availability. .
A representative example of the porous hydrated cured body is a porous concrete body, which is a concrete cured body that has been conventionally used for the purpose of permeating water such as rainwater. In this porous concrete body, continuous voids (continuous open pores) are formed inside by combining relatively coarse aggregates with cement (binding material).

In the water retention block, the water retention material retained in the continuous voids of the block body only needs to include at least an inorganic powder that retains water between the powder particles and a binding material thereof. In this water retaining material, the binding material lightly binds and fixes the inorganic powder in the continuous voids, and water is retained in the voids between the particles of the inorganic powder, thereby exhibiting a water retaining function. Usually, in order to hold a water retention material in a continuous space, a water slurry of a water retention material composition is impregnated into a block body, and a water retention material is injected into the continuous space. Therefore, the water retaining material held in the continuous gap in this case may be said to be a cured product of water slurry. In this cured product, the portion of the water slurry where water was present (the gap between the particles of the inorganic powder) has a water retention function.
The above-mentioned binder constituting the water retention material retained in the continuous void includes a binder component (for example, cement) originally included in the water retention material composition and a curing accelerator such as an alkali stimulator. Also included is a binder component produced after injection. For example, in the case where an alkali stimulant is included in the water retention material composition, the binder also includes a binder component generated from an inorganic powder component or the like by alkali stimulation in addition to the alkali stimulator.

The inorganic powder constituting the water-retaining material (composition) is not particularly limited as long as it can form water-retaining voids between the powder particles, and among them, those having non-hydration reactivity or weak hydration reactivity are preferable. . Examples thereof include SiO ₂ , CaCO ₃ , clay, silt, and the like, and one or more of these can be used.
Moreover, examples of the binder to be blended in the water retention material composition among the binders constituting the water retention material include various cements, resins, blast furnace granulated slag fine powder, and the like, and one or more of these can be used. . In addition, when the inorganic powder has pozzolanic reactivity or latent hydraulic properties, an alkali stimulant can be used as a binder. Examples of the alkali stimulator include sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and the like, and one or more of these can be used.

Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the injection amount of a water retention material, When impregnating a water retention material as a water slurry to a block body, it is 5-30 mass in the ratio of the water slurry with respect to the mass (mass before injection | pouring of a water retention material) of a block body. % Is preferred. If the injection amount of the water retaining material is less than 5% by mass, the water retaining effect is small, whereas if it exceeds 30% by mass, the strength as a block tends to decrease.
The shape of the water-retaining block is arbitrary, the plate-like thickness may be small, and the shape is appropriately selected according to the application. In addition, for planting, a recess or a groove formed on the upper surface or the like may be used.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the building or civil engineering work is (i) a building in which a water retaining block is installed on the rooftop and / or outer wall, and (ii) a pavement constructed by laying a water retaining block, in order to reduce the heat island phenomenon. It has a particularly great effect on conversion.
First, in the case of a building in which the water retaining block (i) is installed on the roof or / and the outer wall, the temperature rise of the building can be effectively suppressed, which can be an effective means for suppressing the heat island phenomenon. In other words, in buildings where water-retaining blocks are installed on the rooftop or outer wall surface, in addition to the cooling action by the heat of vaporization of the retained water, a porous body that retains water in continuous voids (open pores) covers the building body. Since it functions as a high-performance heat insulating material, it is possible to effectively suppress the temperature rise of the building due to solar radiation. Therefore, by making the water retaining block a building installed on the rooftop or / and the outer wall, an effect of suppressing temperature rise comparable to or higher than rooftop greening can be obtained. In addition, when installing a water retaining block on the roof, it can be spread on the floor of the building body, so it can be used as an ordinary roof on the roof, and can be used by planting, etc. like a greening facility There is no problem that the roof space is narrowed.

When installing a water-retaining block on the roof or / and the outer wall of a building, install it on the top of the roof of the building body or outside the wall. When installing on the rooftop, it may be laid on the rooftop of the building body without fixing means, or fixed with appropriate fixing means (fixing tools, mortar, adhesive, etc.) Also good. Moreover, when installing in an outer wall, it attaches and fixes to the outer wall surface of a building main body with a suitable fixing means (fixing tool, mortar, adhesives, etc.).
Note that the target buildings are not limited to buildings such as office buildings, apartment houses, and general houses, but include all buildings.

In addition, when a greening facility is provided on the roof of a building, it can also be applied to materials for the facility (for example, a base supporting soil, a retaining wall, a sidewalk, a planting block, etc.).
Moreover, if artificial water supply is performed to the installed water retaining block by a very simple means, an effect of suppressing temperature rise can be obtained without depending on natural rainfall.
In view of the above, a building in which the water-retaining block is installed on the rooftop and / or outer wall can be expected to have an energy saving effect that can effectively suppress a temperature rise particularly in summer and reduce costs such as cooling.

  Further, in the case of a pavement constructed by laying the water retentive block (ii) above, it is possible to suppress an increase in the temperature of the pavement surface compared to a conventional water retentive asphalt pavement. This is thought to be due to the synergistic effect of heat reflection and the evaporation of water from the water retaining material because the hydrated hardened body such as concrete is gray while the asphalt is black. Further, asphalt begins to soften at about 70 ° C., whereas the pavement of the present invention in which the block body is composed of a hydrated cured body or the like has a much higher heat resistance.

Furthermore, the pavement composed of the above water-retaining blocks can maintain the cooling action by the heat of vaporization of the retained water for a long period of time as compared with the conventional water-retaining asphalt pavement. This is because, in the case of water-retaining asphalt pavement, the surface temperature is high, so the evaporation rate of the retained water is fast and the cooling action is lost in a relatively short time. It is considered that the pavement composed of the property block can relatively lower the surface temperature, and the retained water can be evaporated at an appropriate evaporation rate.
Therefore, the pavement constructed by laying the water retention lock has a higher temperature rise suppressing effect than the water retention asphalt pavement.
Pavements composed of the above water retention blocks include, for example, ordinary roads and sidewalks (including parks and sidewalks in houses), plazas, playgrounds, grounds around buildings, floors in buildings such as factories, station platforms, etc. It can be applied to pavement in various places.

Next, a preferred embodiment of the water retention block used in the construction or civil engineering work of the present invention will be described.
First, the block body constituting the water retaining block is preferably a hydrated and hardened body using a relatively coarse steelmaking slag as an aggregate among porous hydrated and hardened bodies, and in particular, JIS A 1102 “Bone Steelmaking slag mainly composed of coarse-grained steelmaking slag that remains on a 1.2 mm sieve in sieving in accordance with the `` material screening test method '', and a binder made of a powder having a hydraulic particle size of 0.1 mm or less. A cured product obtained by kneading in the presence of water and cured by a hydration reaction, in which the unit amount of the binder is 70 kg / m ³ or more and the continuous porosity is 5 to 40% by volume is preferable. This hardened body can be used as a part of raw materials of steelmaking slag, which is a mass-available and relatively inexpensive material, and has suitable strength and continuous voids as a block body for a water retaining block. Is particularly preferred.

  In this hardened body, as a steelmaking slag to be an aggregate, a steelmaking slag mainly composed of coarse-grained steelmaking slag that remains on a 1.2 mm sieve is used. This is because the gap diameter becomes small and it becomes difficult to obtain sufficient water retention. Further, from this point of view, it is preferable that the main component is a coarse steelmaking slag that preferably remains in a 2.5 mm sieve, and more preferably the main component is a coarse steelmaking slag that remains in a 5 mm sieve.

Note that “mainly” the coarse-grained steelmaking slag that remains on the 1.2 mm sieve is the 1.2 mm sieve in terms of improving the strength of the cured body, preventing the paste from dropping, and reducing drying shrinkage. This is because it may be advantageous to contain a small amount of steelmaking slag that passes through. In this case, the ratio of the steelmaking slag passing through the 1.2 mm sieve is preferably 10% or less (mass ratio) of the steelmaking slag remaining on the 1.2 mm sieve.
The maximum particle diameter of the steelmaking slag is not particularly limited as long as it is a diameter according to the application, but is generally 13 to 40 mm or less, and further, the length, width, height of the block of the cured body to be manufactured, 1/3 or less of the shortest length in diameter etc. is preferable.

A binder made of a powder having a particle size of 0.1 mm or less having hydraulic properties is used for binding the steelmaking slag by a hydration reaction. When the binding material exceeds the particle size of 0.1 mm, sufficient binding force cannot be obtained. As the binder, one or more of various cements, blast furnace slag fine powder, and the like can be used, and one or more of fly ash, alkaline earth metal oxide and / or hydroxide may be added.
Blast furnace slag fine powder is a powder with latent hydraulic properties, and when this is used as a binder, a hydration reaction occurs efficiently by receiving alkali stimulation from steelmaking slag, and a high binding action is exhibited. . Moreover, since blast furnace slag fine powder and free-CaO in steelmaking slag react and the hydration expansion | swelling of steelmaking slag can be suppressed effectively, damage with time of a hardening body can be prevented. Thus, since the blast furnace slag fine powder exhibits an excellent effect as a binder, a sufficient effect can be obtained even if the blast furnace slag fine powder is used alone as the binder. As the blast furnace slag fine powder, JIS A 6206 "Blast furnace slag fine powder for concrete" can be used particularly preferably.

For cement, Portland cement (JIS R 5210), blast furnace cement (JIS R 5211), silica cement (JIS R 5212), fly ash cement (JIS R
5213), ecocement (JIS R 5214), and the like, and one or more of them can be used. Among these, the blast furnace cement contains the above-mentioned fine powder of blast furnace slag, and since this exhibits the above high bonding effect and damage prevention effect, a sufficient effect can be obtained even if blast furnace cement is used alone as a binder. Can be obtained. As blast furnace cement, JIS
Any of Class A, Class B and Class C described in R 5211 “Blast Furnace Cement” can be used. Other cements also exhibit hydraulic properties and can effectively use a hydration reaction to exert a binding action, so that they can be used as a binder, but cannot suppress the hydration expansion of steel slag. Therefore, when used alone, the cured body may be damaged over time. For this reason, when using various cements other than a blast furnace cement as a binder, it is preferable to use it with the component which suppresses the hydration expansion of steelmaking slag.

  In any case where blast furnace slag fine powder and various cements are used as the binder, fly ash can be further contained as the binder. When fly ash is used, the fly ash efficiently reacts with the Ca component in the steelmaking slag, and the pozzolanic reaction of fly ash proceeds, so that a favorable effect can be achieved. Moreover, fly ash can react with free-CaO in steelmaking slag, and can suppress the hydration expansion of steelmaking slag. Therefore, fly ash can exert a great effect when used in combination with various cements other than blast furnace cement. As fly ash, JIS A 6201 “Fly ash for concrete” can be used, and in addition to this, raw powder and pressurized fluidized bed ash can also be used.

  When the blast furnace slag fine powder is used as the binder, it may further contain one or more selected from alkaline earth metal oxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, and various cements. These can manifest the latent hydraulic properties of the blast furnace slag fine powder, and are effective when the alkali stimulation of the steelmaking slag is insufficient. These amounts are not particularly limited, but if it is less than 1% by mass with respect to the blast furnace slag fine powder, 1% by mass or more is preferable because the effect of alkali stimulation is small. Moreover, even if it mix | blends these exceeding 40 mass%, since an alkali stimulus effect will be saturated and it will become uneconomical, 40 mass% or less is preferable. However, various cements not only stimulate alkali in the blast furnace slag fine powder, but also exhibit the hydraulic properties of the cement itself, and therefore have the function of improving the compressive strength, and the effect of increasing the compressive strength even if it exceeds 40% by mass. Have

From the above points, the following materials can be cited as suitable materials for the binder.
(1) Blast furnace slag fine powder (2) Blast furnace cement (3) Blast furnace slag fine powder + fly ash (4) Blast furnace slag fine powder + various cements (5) Blast furnace slag fine powder + various cements + fly ash (6) Various cements + Fly ash (7) Blast furnace slag fine powder + Alkaline earth metal oxide or / and hydroxide (8) Blast furnace slag fine powder + Fly ash + Alkaline earth metal oxide or / and hydroxide (9) Blast furnace Slag fine powder + fly ash + alkaline earth metal oxide or / and hydroxide + various cements The above-mentioned various cements refer to one or more of the cements listed above.

When the unit amount of the binder is 70 kg / m ³ or more, if it is less than 70 kg / m ³ , the amount of the binder is too small to obtain a cured body having a compressive strength of 10 N / mm ² or more required as a block body. It is because it is not possible. On the other hand, if the unit amount of the binder is too large, it is difficult to ensure a continuous porosity of 5% by volume or more. The upper limit of the unit amount that can secure a continuous porosity of 5% by volume or more varies depending on the type of the binder, but a practical upper limit is about 380 kg / m ³ .
The reason why the continuous porosity is 5 to 40% by volume is that if the continuous porosity is less than 5% by volume, the water retention performance is not sufficient, while if it exceeds 40% by volume, the shape of the coarse steelmaking slag must be complicated. This is because the slag performance rate cannot be reduced and it is difficult to manufacture, and even if it can be manufactured, the necessary compressive strength cannot be obtained. Note that the performance rate is a performance rate measured by JIS A 1104 “Aggregate unit volume mass and performance rate test method”.

In producing the cured product as described above, the amount of water is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately added in consideration of workability, characteristics after curing, and the like. The body ratio is preferably about 20 to 30%.
In the production of a normal hardened body, a paste is made from the binder and water, and the paste and coarse steelmaking slag are kneaded. At this time, the ratio a / b between the volume a of the paste composed of the binder and water and the volume b of the coarse steelmaking slag is preferably 0.08 or more. If the ratio a / b is less than 0.08, the amount of paste is too small and the porosity is increased, but it is difficult to obtain a cured product having a compressive strength of 10 N / mm ² or more required as a block. The upper limit of this ratio is not particularly specified, but a value that can ensure a continuous porosity of 5% by volume or more is a practical upper limit. The upper limit of the ratio a / b at which a continuous void ratio of 5% by volume or more can be ensured varies depending on the type of the binder and the ratio with water, but does not exceed 0.7 under any conditions. Note that the paste may contain several percent of air.
A hydrated cured product is obtained by filling the kneaded material in a mold or the like and curing for a certain period of time.

Next, preferable conditions for the water retention material (composition) will be described.
In the case of obtaining a water-retaining block by impregnating the water slurry of the water-retaining material composition into the block body, the following water-retaining material compositions are particularly preferable because the water-retaining performance is excellent and the water-retaining performance is not easily deteriorated.
(A) The powder having a particle size of 425 μm or less has a particle size distribution of 60% by mass or more, and 1 cement per 100 parts by mass of the inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of SiO ₂ and / or CaCO ₃ in total. -35 mass parts water-retaining material composition.
(B) a powder having a particle size of 425 μm or less has a particle size distribution of 60% by mass or more, and 70 to 99.95% by mass of inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of SiO ₂ and / or CaCO ₃ in total; A water retention material composition comprising 1 to 35 parts by mass of cement with respect to 100 parts by mass of a mixture comprising 0.05 to 30% by mass of granulated blast furnace slag.
(C) Alkali stimulating agent and / or cement with respect to 100 parts by mass of inorganic powder having a particle size distribution such that powder having a particle size of 425 μm or less is 60% by mass or more and containing 50% by mass or more of amorphous SiO ₂ A water-retaining material composition containing 1 to 35 parts by mass in total.
(D) Blast furnace granulated slag having a particle size distribution in which powder having a particle size of 425 μm or less is 60% by mass or more, and inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of amorphous SiO ₂ is 70 to 99.95% by mass. Is a water-retaining material composition in which a total of 1-35 parts by mass of an alkali stimulant or / and cement is added to 100 parts by mass of a mixture of 0.05 to 30% by mass.

In the above water-retaining material composition, the inorganic powder that is the main ingredient of the water-retaining material needs to have a particle size distribution in which the powder having a particle size of 425 μm or less is 60% by mass or more. When the water retention material composition is made into a water slurry, separation of the material (water retention material composition) is likely to occur, and when the water slurry is impregnated into the block body, clogging occurs, which causes problems such as injection. Prone to occur.
In the water-retaining material compositions (a) and (b), the inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of SiO ₂ or / and CaCO ₃ in total has almost no reactivity of itself and the voids holding water are powder particles. By forming in between, water retention is expressed. In this inorganic powder, when the total amount of SiO ₂ and / or CaCO ₃ is less than 50% by mass, it is difficult to stably form voids for retaining water between the powder particles, and it is difficult to obtain sufficient water retention performance. .

Examples of the inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of SiO ₂ include silica sand, silica sand powder, silica stone powder, and silica fume, and one or more of these can be used. However, it is not limited to these, and can be used without any problem as long as it contains SiO ₂ as a component.
Examples of the inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of CaCO ₃ include calcium carbonate and limestone powder, and one or more of these can be used. However, it is not limited to these, and can be used without any problem as long as it contains CaCO ₃ as a component.
In addition, the inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of SiO ₂ and / or CaCO ₃ may contain inorganic components such as sand, clay, coal ash, etc. as long as it satisfies a predetermined particle size. Good.

If necessary, blast furnace granulated slag can be blended with the inorganic powder, and by blending this blast furnace granulated slag, the blast furnace granulated slag becomes CaO—SiO ₂ —Al ₂ O ₃ —H. The structure becomes ₂ O, and the formation of fine voids in the cured body is promoted. As granulated blast furnace slag, pulverized granulated blast furnace slag after granulation, blast furnace slag fine powder added with a predetermined amount of gypsum, slag powder collected as dust collection powder in granulated slag magnetic separation process, etc. Although it can be used, it is not limited to these.
Since the granulated blast furnace slag is already granulated at the time of manufacture, it may be used as it is. Further, blast furnace granulated slag fine powder obtained by pulverizing blast furnace granulated slag used for blast furnace cement and the like is a fine powder having an average particle size of about 10 μm or less, and therefore can be suitably used.

  When blending blast furnace granulated slag, the proportion of inorganic powder in the mixture of inorganic powder and blast furnace granulated slag is 70 to 99.95% by mass, preferably 85 to 99.95% by mass, more preferably 90 to 99. The ratio of granulated blast furnace slag is 0.05 to 30% by mass, preferably 0.05 to 15% by mass, and more preferably 0.05 to 10% by mass. When the ratio of granulated blast furnace slag in the mixture exceeds 30% by mass, the solidification reaction proceeds excessively, and the average pore (void) diameter is likely to be reduced, and the water absorption performance is deteriorated. Even when a certain amount of water absorption can be secured, the water absorbed in the continuous voids (open pores) is not released in a short time even when heated, and the cooling effect is reduced. On the other hand, if the ratio of granulated blast furnace slag is less than 0.05% by mass, the effect of adding granulated blast furnace slag cannot be sufficiently obtained.

In the water-retaining material compositions (c) and (d), the inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of amorphous SiO ₂ allows the reaction between Ca and Si-H to proceed by adding an alkali stimulant and / or cement. This contributes to an increase in fine continuous voids (open pores). In this inorganic powder, when the amorphous SiO ₂ is less than 50% by mass, formation of fine continuous voids (open pores) due to the above-described action is insufficient, and sufficient water retention performance cannot be obtained.
Examples of the inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of amorphous SiO ₂ include clinker ash generated from a coal-fired power plant, but are not limited thereto, and amorphous SiO ₂ is used as a component. If it contains, it can be used without problems.

Next, with respect to the binder, in the water-retaining material compositions (a) and (b), 1 to 35 masses of cement with respect to 100 mass parts of the inorganic powder or 100 mass parts of the inorganic powder + blast furnace granulated slag mixture. Parts, preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 25 parts by mass.
When cement is added with water, the reaction proceeds and the particle size changes. However, since cement is generally a fine powder with an average particle size of about 5 μm, there is a risk of clogging when impregnating the block body even if it is used as it is. Absent.

Examples of the cement include ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, ultra-early-strength Portland cement, fast-hardening cement, ultrafast-hardening cement, blast furnace cement, and the like, and one or more of these can be used.
When the blending amount of the cement is less than 1 part by mass, the hydration reaction is insufficient, so that the strength for bonding and fixing the inorganic powder and granulated blast furnace slag in the continuous voids of the block body is hardly expressed. When the amount exceeds 35 parts by mass, the amount of cement is too large and the void formed by the inorganic powder or blast furnace granulated slag is blocked.

Moreover, in the said water retention material composition (c) and (d), 1 to 100 parts by mass of the alkali stimulant or / and cement in total with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic powder or 100 parts by mass of the mixture of the inorganic powder and blast furnace granulated slag 35 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 10 to 25 parts by mass.
Alkaline stimulants also react when water is added, and the particle size changes, but many of the products used as alkali stimulants are water-soluble, and industrial slaked lime and magnesium hydroxide also have a maximum particle size of 100 μm or less. Since the average particle size is 5 μm or less, there is no risk of clogging or the like when impregnating the block body even if it is used as it is. Also, cement is as described above, and there is no problem.

The alkali stimulator has a function of self-curing amorphous SiO ₂ or granulated blast furnace slag by the pozzolanic reaction, latent hydraulic property, and any type is usable as long as it has such a function. From the viewpoint of economy and availability, alkali metal hydroxides typified by sodium hydroxide, alkaline earth metal hydroxides and oxides typified by calcium hydroxide and calcium oxide can be used. . In addition, cement itself functions as a solidifying material, but also has a function as an alkali stimulant. As the cement, one or more of the various cements described above can be used.
When the blending amount of the alkali stimulant or / and cement is less than 1 part by mass, the alkali stimulus reaction or the hydration reaction is insufficient, and thus the inorganic powder and blast furnace granulated slag are bound and fixed within the continuous voids of the block body. However, when the amount exceeds 35 parts by mass, the alkali-stimulated reaction or hydration reaction becomes excessive, and the voids formed by the inorganic powder or granulated blast furnace slag are blocked.

In addition to the constituents described above, other inorganic particles such as silt and clay may be blended in the water-retaining material composition. However, as with the particle size required for the inorganic powder, the ratio is 425 μm or less. Must be 60% by mass or more.
The water retention material composition as described above is excellent in water absorption performance and water retention performance, and has a feature that the performance degradation is small after impregnating the block body.
In order to retain this water retention material composition in the continuous voids of the block body, water is added to the water retention material composition to form a water slurry, and this is impregnated into the block body, whereby the water retention material is injected into the continuous voids. The water slurry is usually about 50 to 350 parts by mass of water to 100 parts by mass of the water retention material composition, but the optimum range of added water varies depending on the particle size distribution of the water retention material composition. May be appropriately selected in the range of about 50 to 350 parts by mass according to the particle size distribution of the water retention material composition.

Based on the preferred conditions of the block body described above and the water retention material composition to be injected into the block body, the optimum embodiment of the water retention block used in the present invention is JIS A 1102 “Aggregate Screening Test Method”. In the presence of water, a steelmaking slag mainly composed of coarse-grained steelmaking slag that remains in a 1.2 mm sieve in sieving in accordance with the sieving method and a binder made of powder having a particle size of 0.1 mm or less and having hydraulic properties. A hardened body kneaded and hardened by a hydration reaction, wherein a hardened body having a unit amount of a binder of 70 kg / m ³ or more and a porosity of 5 to 40% by volume is used. The water retention material is injected into the continuous voids by impregnating the water slurry of any one of the water retention material compositions (A) to (D) listed above.

The water retention block can be produced by any method, but is usually produced as follows. That is, water is added to the water retention material composition to form a water slurry, and a block body having continuous voids is impregnated, and the water retention material composition is injected into the continuous voids. Thereafter, the water-retaining block can be obtained by curing the block body and drying it as necessary.
The impregnation (injection) of the water slurry into the block body may be performed under atmospheric pressure, but the impregnation treatment can be performed more smoothly and in a short time if performed under a predetermined reduced pressure atmosphere.
Further, the method of impregnating (injecting) the water slurry into the block body is arbitrary. In addition to the method of spraying the water slurry on the block body, for example, the block body may be immersed in the water slurry.

[Example 1]
After impregnating a block made of hydrated and hardened concrete or steel slag with a water slurry of the water retention material composition shown in Table 1, it is cured in a room at 20 ° C. and a humidity of 60%, and then at 60 ° C. for 7 days. After steam curing, it was dried at 60 ° C. for 5 days to produce a water retaining block used in the present invention. The reason why steam curing was performed is to allow the binder to react sufficiently so that it is in the same state as after use for several years.
Assuming that these water-retaining blocks are used as materials for construction and civil engineering works such as buildings and pavements, in order to check the water-absorbing performance and water-retaining performance of the water-retaining blocks, the water absorption mass and mass reduction rate are as follows. Asked.

  First, the maximum water absorption mass and the water absorption mass for 1 hour were measured by a water absorption test. Here, the one-hour water absorption mass means that after measuring the mass (initial mass) of each block, a portion corresponding to 5 mm from the lower end of the block is immersed in running water, and the mass is measured one hour later to measure the initial mass of the block. Is the ratio of the value obtained by subtracting the initial mass (= [subtracted value / initial mass of block] × 100), which corresponds to the amount of water absorbed by the block during one hour. In addition, the maximum water absorption mass refers to the same initial mass as the value obtained by subtracting the initial mass from the mass after water absorption by absorbing the whole block of the block measured for 1 hour water absorption by immersing the whole in water for 24 hours. Ratio (= [subtracted value / initial mass of block] × 100).

Moreover, the block which calculated | required this maximum water absorption mass was hold | maintained at 60 degreeC, it was dried for 5 days, the mass after drying was measured, the mass before implementation of the water absorption test of the said block was subtracted, and the water absorption mass after drying was calculated | required. From the water absorption mass after drying and the maximum water absorption mass, the mass reduction rate was determined by the following equation.
Mass reduction rate (%) = [(maximum water absorption mass−water absorption after drying) / maximum water absorption mass] × 100
The measurement results of the above water absorption performance and water retention performance are shown in Table 2 together with the configuration and production conditions of the water retention block.

[Example 2]
The following tests were carried out assuming a pavement according to the present invention using a water retentive block and a conventional water retentive asphalt pavement.
About the test body of the following examples of the present invention and comparative examples, the surface was heated with halogen light (130 W), and the change with time of the surface temperature was examined. In this test, each specimen was allowed to absorb water for 24 hours, and was then kept in a room with a humidity of 60% RH. After 3 hours, the halogen light was irradiated for 4 hours, and then the irradiation was stopped. . The transition of the surface temperature of the specimen during this series of processes is shown in FIG.

(1) Inventive Example The equivalent of the water retention block of Inventive Example 2 in Table 2 was used. This water retaining block impregnates a water slurry of a water retaining material composition into a 300 mm × 300 mm × 50 mm porous concrete block body (continuous porosity 20%), and after the water slurry has hardened, the cured product adhered to the block body surface is removed. Wipe off with a rag.
(2) Comparative Example 1
The porous concrete block body (continuous void ratio 20%) used in the examples of the present invention, which was not impregnated with the water slurry of the water retention material composition, was used.
(3) Comparative example 2
A block body of 300 mm × 300 mm × 50 mm of open particle size asphalt (continuous porosity 20%) is impregnated with the water slurry B of Table 1 like the water retention block used in the present invention example, and the water slurry is hardened. What removed the hardened | cured material adhering to the surface by wiping with a rag (the injection | pouring rate of a water retention material is 100% of an effective space | gap) was used.
(4) Comparative Example 3
An open-graded asphalt block used in Comparative Example 2 (continuous porosity 20%), which was not impregnated with the water slurry of the water retention material composition, was used.

In the present invention example and the comparative example 2, the hard slurry of the water slurry adhering to the block body surface is wiped for the following reason. That is, since the water retaining material (water slurry after curing) has low adhesive strength with asphalt or porous concrete, it is worn by use as a pavement or the like, and the water retaining material attached to the surface is peeled off immediately. Therefore, in consideration of actual use conditions, the hardened material adhering to the surface in advance was removed by wiping with a rag.
Open grain asphalt is black and porous concrete is gray, and porous concrete reflects heat more easily than asphalt. Therefore, when Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 are compared, Comparative Example 1 has a surface temperature peak that is 7 ° C. lower than Comparative Example 3. On the other hand, comparing the inventive example and the comparative example 2, the inventive example has a surface temperature peak lower by 10 ° C. than the comparative example 2, and the temperature difference is larger than the temperature difference between the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 3 above. . This is considered to be due to the synergistic effect of the heat reflection of porous concrete and the evaporation of water from the water retaining material.

[Example 3]
About the same test body as Example 2, the heating time by a halogen light (130 W) was lengthened, and the time-dependent change of surface temperature was investigated. In this test, each specimen was allowed to absorb water for 24 hours, then held in a room with a humidity of 60% RH, and started to irradiate with halogen light when 3 hours passed, and then irradiated for a maximum of about 18 hours. Continued. The transition of the surface temperature of the specimen during this series of processes is shown in FIG.
Comparing the example of the present invention with the comparative example 2, it can be seen that the example of the present invention has a considerably lower surface temperature increase rate than the comparative example 2, and the cooling effect is maintained for a long time. This is because in the case of asphalt, the temperature of the retained water is high because the temperature is high, whereas in the example of the present invention, the temperature can be relatively lowered, so that the retained water is evaporated at an appropriate rate. This is thought to be possible.
In the asphalt blocks of Comparative Examples 2 and 3, asphalt began to soften about 8 hours and about 18 hours after the start of the test, respectively.

In Example 2, the graph which shows the time-dependent change of the surface temperature of the test body of this invention example and a comparative example In Example 3, the graph which shows the time-dependent change of the surface temperature of the test body of this invention example and a comparative example

Claims (11)

  The water retaining material is retained in the continuous void of the block body having continuous voids, and the water retaining material includes at least a part of the water retaining block that includes an inorganic powder that retains water between the powder particles and the binder. Architectural or civil engineering construction characterized by being constructed using.   The building or civil engineering work structure according to claim 1, which is any one of a building, a civil engineering structure, a pavement, a retaining wall, a fence, and a planting structure.   The construction or civil engineering work according to claim 2, wherein the construction or construction is a pavement constructed by laying a water retaining block.   The building or civil engineering work according to claim 2, wherein the building is a building in which a water retaining block is installed on a rooftop or / and an outer wall.   The building or civil engineering work according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the block body is a hydrated cured body or a carbonated solid body of inorganic particles.   The building or civil engineering work according to claim 5, wherein the block body is a hydrated and hardened body using steelmaking slag as an aggregate. The hydrated hardened body has a steelmaking slag mainly composed of coarse steelmaking slag that remains on a 1.2 mm sieve in sieving according to JIS A 1102 “Aggregate sieving test method”; A cured product obtained by kneading a binder composed of powder of 1 mm or less in the presence of water and curing by a hydration reaction, wherein the unit amount of the binder is 70 kg / m ³ or more and the continuous porosity is 5 to 5. It is a 40 volume% hardening body, The construction or civil engineering construction object of Claim 6 characterized by the above-mentioned. A water retention block obtained by impregnating a block body having continuous voids with a water slurry of a water retention material composition, wherein the water retention material composition has a particle size distribution in which a powder having a particle size of 425 μm or less is 60% by mass or more. And 1 to 35 parts by mass of cement with respect to 100 parts by mass of inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of SiO ₂ and / or CaCO ₃ in total. The construction or civil engineering construction described in any of the above. A water retention block obtained by impregnating a block body having continuous voids with a water slurry of a water retention material composition, wherein the water retention material composition has a particle size distribution in which a powder having a particle size of 425 μm or less is 60% by mass or more. 100 parts by mass of a mixture comprising 70 to 99.95% by mass of inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of SiO ₂ or / and CaCO ₃ in total, and 0.05 to 30% by mass of granulated blast furnace slag The construction or civil engineering work according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein cement is blended in an amount of 1 to 35 parts by mass. A water retention block obtained by impregnating a block body having continuous voids with a water slurry of a water retention material composition, wherein the water retention material composition has a particle size distribution in which a powder having a particle size of 425 μm or less is 60% by mass or more. The total amount of the alkali stimulant and / or cement is 1 to 35 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of amorphous SiO _2. The building or civil engineering construction object in any one of claim | item 1 -7. A water retention block obtained by impregnating a block body having continuous voids with a water slurry of a water retention material composition, wherein the water retention material composition has a particle size distribution in which a powder having a particle size of 425 μm or less is 60% by mass or more. And 100 parts by mass of a mixture of 70 to 99.95% by mass of inorganic powder containing 50% by mass or more of amorphous SiO ₂ and 0.05 to 30% by mass of granulated blast furnace slag, The construction or civil engineering work according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the alkali stimulant or / and cement is added in a total of 1 to 35 parts by mass.

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