JP2008001277A - Method for cooling rail or/and its peripheral region - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for efficiently and economically cooling a rail or/and its peripheral region. <P>SOLUTION: In this method for cooling the rail or/and its peripheral region, by spraying liquid on the rail or/and its peripheral region to lower the temperature of the peripheral region of the rail, the rail or/and its peripheral region can be cooled. The liquid is easily vaporized being finely atomized, thus effectively cooling the rail or/and its peripheral region. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cooling a rail or / and a peripheral region of the rail. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method for cooling a rail to be sprayed with liquid and / or a peripheral region of the rail.

  In transporting personnel and goods by train, maintaining safety in train operation is most important. In recent years, the transportation volume of trains is increasing mainly in urban areas, and the trend of higher train speeds and congestion of operation schedules is conspicuous. For this reason, how to maintain safety is a social problem, and in order to maintain safety in train operation, it is particularly important to carry out track maintenance work reliably. The track maintenance work needs to be performed efficiently in conjunction with the operation schedule so as not to disturb the operation schedule of the train.

  In addition, rail temperature expansion and distortion caused by rising temperatures in summer and the like affect the safety of train operation. The rail is mainly made of metal such as steel. Since metals have a high coefficient of thermal expansion, it is necessary to pay attention to the wire retention particularly at the curve and point portions. In order to cope with this, there is a method of cooling the rail and the peripheral area of the rail by spraying water on the rail or the like so as to prevent thermal expansion of the rail. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a track watering system that automatically controls watering according to various conditions such as rail temperature.

JP 2001-88702 A.

  However, for track maintenance work, it is necessary for track maintenance workers to enter the track during times when the train does not operate, but the track and its surrounding temperature often reach about 70 ° C. during hot weather such as summer. The track maintenance work in such an environment not only gives a strong thermal stress to the track maintenance worker, but in some cases it is difficult to perform the track maintenance work during the day due to the high temperature.

  In this way, when the track maintenance work becomes difficult, the track maintenance work is performed in the midnight time zone when the temperature decreases and the train does not operate. In this case, the track maintenance work is limited to several hours at midnight, and the track maintenance work cannot be efficiently performed. Therefore, it is important to create an environment in which track maintenance work can be performed even during hot weather during the day.

  In addition, in order to prevent distortion due to thermal expansion of the rail, the water spray method deteriorates the rails and sleepers because a large amount of water is jetted onto the rail, and a large amount of water is required. Therefore, it is not economical. Therefore, it is important to cool the rail and the peripheral area of the rail by an efficient method to prevent thermal expansion of the rail.

  Therefore, the present invention reduces the burden on the work environment of track maintenance workers and also contributes to maintenance of safety in train operation, etc., so that the rail and / or the periphery of the rail can be efficiently and economically used. The main objective is to provide a method for cooling an area.

  First, the present invention provides a method of cooling the rail or / and the peripheral region of the rail by spraying a liquid on the rail or / and the peripheral region of the rail to lower the temperature of the peripheral region of the rail. . By making the liquid into a fine mist, the rail and / or the peripheral area of the rail can be effectively cooled. Next, the present invention provides a method of spraying liquid from a nozzle and cooling a rail for sending mist-like liquid forward and / or a peripheral area of the rail by a blower disposed behind the nozzle. . By providing the nozzle and the air blowing unit, a fine mist of liquid can be effectively formed and the fine mist can be blown far away.

  In the present invention, “spraying the liquid on the rail” means spraying the liquid toward the rail. Further, “spraying the liquid on the peripheral area of the rail” means spraying the liquid toward the periphery of the rail. The present invention includes both spraying the liquid directly on the rail and spraying the liquid toward the periphery of the rail.

  The method for cooling the rail and / or the peripheral area of the rail according to the present invention can cool a wide area with a small amount of liquid by spraying the liquid. And by making the liquid into a fine mist, it is possible to cool the rail or / and the peripheral area of the rail effectively because the liquid is vaporized quickly and the floating time of the liquid in the air becomes long. Further, since a large amount of liquid does not adhere to one part of the rail, the train wheels are not easily slipped, and deterioration of the rail can be prevented.

  DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments for carrying out the invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the embodiments shown in the drawings illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not construed narrowly.

  FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram for explaining a method of cooling a rail and / or a peripheral region of the rail according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 illustrates an example when a plurality of sprayers used in the present invention are used. It is a conceptual diagram for.

  Reference numeral 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is a sprayer for spraying a liquid. The sprayer 1 includes a nozzle 11, a blower 12, and a water supply pipe 13. The water supply pipe 13 is connected to the nozzle 11. The sprayer 1 is supported by tires 14 and 14 and legs 15. The sprayer 1 is installed in the vicinity of the track 2 where maintenance work is performed. The track 2 includes rails 21 and 21, sleepers 22, and a roadbed 23.

  In the sprayer 1, the liquid is supplied from the water supply pipe 13 to the nozzle 11, and the fine mist m of the liquid is sprayed from the nozzle 11. And fine mist m is spread | diffused toward the peripheral area | region a of the rail 21 by sending a wind ahead (arrow W; refer FIG. 1) by the ventilation part 12 located behind the said nozzle 11 (refer FIG. 1). ). In particular, the fine mist m can be blown away further by being sent by the blower 12.

  Even with the same amount of liquid, by making the fine mist m, the surface area of the liquid increases, so that it is easy to evaporate. By making the fine mist m, a large amount of latent heat of vaporization can be taken quickly, and a large cooling action can be obtained. That is, since the fine mist m floats in the peripheral area a for a long time, a cool air mass is formed in the peripheral area a by the cooling action of the fine mist m. And the space which moved can also be cooled because this lump of cold air is sent out ahead. Therefore, the temperature of the peripheral area a can be effectively lowered while the fine mist m floats on the peripheral area a of the rail 21. Thereby, the rail 21 and its surrounding area a can be effectively cooled.

  On the other hand, when sprayed in a liquid state, the cold air mass is unlikely to occur. Therefore, according to the cooling method of the present invention, a higher cooling effect can be obtained compared to the case where the liquid is sprayed as it is. Furthermore, since a small amount of liquid is sufficient as compared with the case of spraying in a liquid state, it is excellent in economic efficiency.

  Further, since the fine mist m diffuses in a wide area and easily evaporates, a large amount of liquid does not concentrate and adhere to one place of the rail 21 and does not cause idling of a train wheel. And even if the said fine mist m adheres on the rail 21, the rail 21 is cooled effectively by vaporizing quickly. Therefore, the rail 21 is not corroded because there is no elution of iron ions or the like due to a large amount of moisture adhering to the rail 21. Also from these points, the method of cooling the rail and / or the peripheral area of the rail according to the present invention greatly contributes to maintenance of safety in train operation.

  The liquid used in the present invention may be a sprayable substance, and its components are not limited. It can be appropriately selected in consideration of the vaporization efficiency and cost of the substance. For example, it is desirable to use clean water or the like as a liquid because it is economical and harmless to humans. Furthermore, it is desirable from the viewpoint of saving water if the conditions around the spray allow and the required water quality improvement treatment can be performed. And in this invention, you may add an additive suitably to a liquid as needed. The substance to be added is preferably liquid from the viewpoint of preventing clogging of the nozzle 11 when sprayed, but may be a solid additive having high solubility in the liquid.

  In addition, the method according to the present invention is not limited to the installation location of the rail. Since the liquid is quickly vaporized by making the liquid into the fine mist m as described above, for example, even a rail installed near a station where passengers are in the vicinity can be used.

  Furthermore, the method according to the present invention can be used even on the track 2 where a train accident or the like has occurred. In particular, even when an accident occurs during summer heat, it is effective because the track maintenance worker can quickly start the restoration work by cooling the track 2 and the peripheral area a with the sprayer 1. At that time, if necessary, a liquid in which a deodorizing agent, a bactericidal / sterilizing agent, a repellent, or the like is mixed can be sprayed. Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the bad smell around the track 2 used as the accident scene, deterioration of a sanitary condition, etc. can be prevented.

  In the present invention, the means for spraying the liquid is not particularly limited, but preferably it is sprayed by the sprayer 1 having the nozzle 11. The use of the sprayer 1 provided with the nozzle 11 is to select the desired spraying range and average particle size of the liquid fine mist m appropriately according to the installation location of the sprayer 1 and the rail 21 and the type and structure of the nozzle 11. It is desirable in that it can be selected and adjusted.

  And in this invention, it does not specifically limit about the kind of nozzle 11 of the sprayer 1, For example, a 1 fluid nozzle and a 2 fluid nozzle may be sufficient. Although not shown, when a one-fluid nozzle is used, a liquid pump (liquid pressurization pump) may be connected to the water supply pipe 13. Further, in the case of the two-fluid nozzle, for example, liquid can be fed with the feed pressure of tap water, but a liquid pump (liquid pressurization pump) may be connected. Therefore, in the case of a two-fluid nozzle, it is not always necessary to connect the liquid pump (liquid pressurization pump) to the water supply pipe 13, but a compressor or the like for supplying compressed air to the nozzle 11 may be connected separately. it can.

  And in this invention, it does not specifically limit about the spray pattern in the case of spraying from a nozzle. For example, the fine mist m may have a flat shape (fan shape), a full cone shape (circular front surface shape), a hollow cone shape (annular shape), or the like. The shape and type of the nozzle 11 can be appropriately selected in consideration of the installation location of the rail 21 and a desired spray amount.

  The average particle size of the liquid fine mist m can be appropriately designed in consideration of the type of liquid, the outside air temperature in the track 2 where the wire maintenance work is performed, and the like. For example, if the outside air temperature is high, the average particle diameter of the fine mist m may be increased, and if the outside air temperature is not so high, the average particle diameter may be reduced in order to vaporize quickly and reliably.

  In the present invention, the average particle diameter of the liquid fine mist m is not particularly limited. However, it is preferably 50 μm or less if it is a representative particle diameter (Sautamin diameter; SMD) measured by a laser method. In particular, if the representative particle size is 20 μm or less, even if a maintenance worker or the like is working in a place away from the sprayer 1 by about 2.0 to 3.0 m, it almost adheres to the face or clothes as water droplets. In addition, it is comfortable and safe for work because it does not block the field of view of the glasses and the like that are worn.

  And in this invention, it does not limit about the spraying quantity of a liquid sprayed from the nozzle 11, a hydraulic pressure, etc., According to how big the said representative particle diameter of the fine mist m of a liquid is made, etc. suitably Therefore, it is possible to determine a suitable hydraulic pressure and liquid feeding amount. For example, if the particle size of the fine mist m is to be made smaller, the fluid pressure may be higher and the spray amount may be smaller for a single fluid nozzle, and the air pressure may be higher and the spray amount lower for a two fluid nozzle. do it.

  Moreover, in this invention, the fine mist m can be blown away further by using the sprayer 1 provided with not only the nozzle 11 but the ventilation part 12. FIG. That is, the cold air mass formed by the fine mist m can be blown forward. Further, the vaporization of the fine mist m sprayed from the nozzle 11 is promoted by the wind produced by the blower 12. Thereby, the spraying effect of the liquid can be further enhanced. Moreover, since the thermal stress of the track maintenance worker who works in the track 2 can be alleviated, the work efficiency can be further improved.

  Furthermore, in this invention, it does not limit about the ventilation means by the ventilation part 12. FIG. That is, the air blowing unit 12 according to the present invention is not limited as long as the air blowing unit 12 can send wind, and the air blowing method and performance are not limited. By using a fan having such performance, the cool air mass can be efficiently delivered to a desired place, so that the cooling efficiency can be further improved. The type of fan used in the present invention is not limited, and for example, a multiblade fan, an axial fan, a mixed fan, a cross fan, or the like may be used.

  And in this invention, it does not limit about the wind speed sent from the ventilation part 12. FIG. Considering the temperature of the rail 21 and its surrounding area a, the work contents of the track maintenance worker, etc., it can be designed to have a suitable wind speed. In other words, the wind speed may be set so that the track operator feels a cool wind while the wind speed does not hinder the work.

  Further, in the present invention, the installation method of the sprayer 1 is not limited, and it may be installed directly on the ground, or may be supported using a holding table or the like, but preferably the holding table having the tire 14 It is desirable to use Thereby, the sprayer 1 can be moved easily. In addition, although not shown in figure, it can be set as a mobile cooling device by providing the sprayer 1 also with motive power sources, such as a motor generator, and a pump.

  In the present invention, the installation height H of the nozzle 11 of the sprayer 1 is not limited. For example, when the roadbed 23 where the track maintenance worker performs work is high, the installation height H may be increased. Further, when the installation height H is increased, the spray range is widened because the liquid is sprayed from a high place. On the other hand, if the installation height H is lowered, it is not necessary to feed the liquid to a high position with a pump or the like, so the load inside the water supply pipe 13 may be small. That is, the burden on the sprayer 1 and the like can be reduced. Considering these points, the installation height H of the nozzle 11 can be appropriately set according to the installation environment and the like.

  Furthermore, in the present invention, the spray angle of the liquid is not limited. Spraying may be performed in the direction of arrow W that is substantially horizontal to the ground (see FIG. 1), or spraying upward or downward as necessary. For example, when spraying upward, the fine mist m can be poured from above the track maintenance worker. Alternatively, the nozzle 11 may be designed to be movable in the vertical direction. Alternatively, the nozzle 11 of the sprayer 1 may be designed so as to be able to rotate around four times, and preferably it is designed to be able to rotate by itself so as to spray around four times in a certain time (arrow R; see FIG. 2). . Thereby, it is possible to spray in multiple directions with one sprayer 1.

  When the track 2 is laid under the platform or the concourse, the train frequently stops at the platform, so the heat of the train motor accumulates under the platform, or between the train wheel and the rail 21. Since the frictional heat is generated, the temperature of the line 2 and the surrounding area a tends to increase. For this reason, when the track maintenance work is performed around the home or the concourse, the track maintenance worker tends to feel particularly strong thermal stress, and the track 21 is also likely to thermally expand due to the heat. Therefore, cooling the platform and under the concourse with the sprayer 1 is particularly effective in maintaining safety in train operation.

  Further, according to the present invention, the shape of the rail 21 is not limited. For example, not only a flat bottom rail with a flat bottom surface but also a grooved rail or stepped rail used for a tramway or the like may be used. The rail width of the rail 21 is not limited. Furthermore, a guard rail or the like may be laid on the inner side of the rail 21 in order to prevent the train from derailing or preventing the wheel from being detached from the rail at the time of derailment. Further, the material of the rail 21, the sleepers 22, the road bed 23, etc. is not limited. For example, the sleepers 22 and the road bed 23 may be made of wood, metal, or concrete. Therefore, the cooling method according to the present invention can be used even on a concrete vehicle traveling path such as a monorail.

  In addition, according to this invention, it can be used also in the track | line 2 provided with the branching device. Since the liquid becomes a fine mist m and does not adhere to a branching device or the like in a large amount, the rail point having the electric equipment is not damaged. Further, the type of rail point branch is not limited. For example, a single-open branch, a double-open branch, a distribution branch, or the like may be used. Therefore, even when the track maintenance worker works around the rail point, the rail 21 and its peripheral area a can be cooled by the sprayer 1.

  In the present invention, a plurality of sprayers 1 can be installed along the rails 21 at a predetermined installation interval L (see FIG. 2). In the present invention, the predetermined installation interval L is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable that the predetermined installation interval L be provided along the rail 21 at intervals of L = 10 to 60 m. This installation interval L can be determined as a suitable installation interval L in consideration of the temperature at the installation location of the rail 21, the installation route of the rail 21, economy, and the like. In the present invention, the installation interval L is not necessarily equal. For example, the installation interval L may be appropriately changed in accordance with a curve portion or a straight portion of the track.

  Further, the sprayers 1 may be provided on both sides of the rails 21 and 21 provided as the track 2 respectively. And in this invention, although it is not limited about how to install the several sprayer 1, It is desirable to arrange | position the sprayer 1 in zigzag form suitably (refer FIG. 2). As a result, the spray ranges do not overlap with each other, so that cooling can be performed more efficiently.

And in this invention, it does not limit about the spraying direction (arrow W; refer FIG. 1 etc.) of each sprayer 1 either. Preferably, the spray direction (arrow W ₁ ; see FIG. 2) of each sprayer 1 installed along one rail 21 provided in the track 2 and the other rail 21 are installed. Further, it is desirable to install the sprayer 1 so that the spraying directions (arrow W ₂ ; see FIG. 2) of the sprayers 1 face each other. By installing in this way, even when the natural wind direction changes during the work of a track maintenance worker or the like, the liquid is continuously sprayed on the desired peripheral area a or the like without moving or rotating the sprayer 1. Therefore, operation management and the like when using the sprayer 1 are simplified.

  Although not shown, a water source such as a water storage tank can be separately installed, and the liquid can be designed to be supplied from the water source to the plurality of sprayers 1 through the water supply pipe 13. In the present invention, various cables other than the water supply pipe 13 can be connected to the sprayer 1. Thereby, about the some sprayer 1, the control system which manages spraying direction, spraying time, spraying quantity, etc. can also be constructed | assembled.

  Here, an experiment was conducted for the purpose of confirming the effect of the cooling method according to the present invention. Tap water was sprayed outdoors using a spraying device equipped with 12 nozzles and a blower, and the temperature cooling effect around it was measured.

<Nozzle and blower>
In this example, the nozzles and blowers shown in Table 1 were used. And tap water was sprayed using the spraying apparatus which has arrange | positioned 12 said nozzles cyclically | annularly before the ventilation opening of the said air blower.

<Experimental method>
The spraying device is installed at a height of 1.5 m from the ground outdoors without a shield or the like (sunny weather, temperature 29.8 ° C., humidity 63%), and the water supply pressure is 9.8 MPa using a pressure liquid pump. The tap water was sprayed from the 12 nozzles so that the air was blown by the blower.

<Measurement item>
First, it was verified visually how far the sprayed tap water was scattered, and then the wind speed, spread width (left and right width), and temperature drop at each point were measured. The measurement results are shown in Table 2. FIG. 3 shows a wind speed distribution chart in which the temperature drop value at each measurement point is entered.

<Water drop adhesion test>
In addition, in order to examine the possibility of water droplets adhering to rails, etc., a copper rod (pseudo rail) was installed, and a water droplet adhesion test was conducted to visually verify the presence or absence of water droplets.

<Discussion>
First, the spray range was examined. As a result, by spraying tap water, it was possible to spray tap water over a wide area of 50 m in length and 10 m in width (see FIG. 3 and the like). In particular, it was suggested that by using an attracting fan that is excellent in straightness and attractiveness, tap water can be sprayed to a farther place by reducing the breadth of the left and right widths.

  Next, the wind speed and cooling temperature effect at each point were examined. Although the wind speed and spread width at each point varied somewhat due to the influence of natural wind due to outdoor experiments, the wind speed distribution was generally as shown in FIG. As a result, even at a point 40 m away from the nozzle outlet of the spraying device, the temperature could be lowered by 1.3 ° C., and a wind speed of 0.3 m / s was also observed (Table 2, (See FIG. 3). At a point 3 m away from the nozzle injection port, the temperature could be lowered by 3.2 ° C. and a wind speed of 5.0 m / s was observed (see Table 2 and FIG. 3).

  In the water droplet adhesion test, no water droplets were observed at any measurement point. From this result, it was suggested that the cooling method according to the present invention was performed around the rails and the like, and water droplets did not adhere to the clothes, glasses, etc. of the track maintenance worker.

  As described above, the cooling method according to the present invention is formed by spraying fine water particles by spraying with a fine nozzle and transporting the water particles forward with an attracting fan having a long reach. It was suggested that the sprayed water can be quickly vaporized as the cool air mass flows far away in the air current. Therefore, it has been shown that the outside air can be effectively cooled by spraying tap water which is liquid from the nozzle and sending it forward by the blower.

  The method for cooling the rail and / or the peripheral area of the rail according to the present invention can be used for maintenance of safety in train operation.

It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the method which cools the rail which concerns on this invention, and / or the peripheral region of this rail. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating an example in the case of using multiple sprayers used for this invention. It is a wind speed distribution figure which entered the temperature fall value of each measurement point at the time of spraying tap water.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sprayer 2 Track 11 Nozzle 12 Blower part 13 Water supply pipe 14 Leg 15 Tire

Claims (2)

By spraying liquid on the rail or / and the surrounding area of the rail,
A method of cooling the rail and / or the peripheral region of the rail by lowering the temperature of the peripheral region of the rail. The method for cooling a rail and / or a peripheral region of the rail according to claim 1, wherein the liquid is sprayed by a nozzle and sent forward by a blower disposed behind the nozzle.