JP2007533571A - Handling method and structure for bringing parallel fibers into the required equal tension state - Google Patents

Abstract

  The present invention relates to a handling method and structure for bringing parallel fibers or yarns (12) having individually uneven delivery from different feed points into equal tension to each other. The present invention consists of the following three processing steps: reducing the tension of the fiber (12) from any individual tension level to a tension level of zero, passing the slip lock unit at a preset known speed. Non-slip fiber feeding step and increasing the tension of each and every fiber from zero tension level to the required integrated tension level.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

(Technical field)
The present invention unwinds a spinning wheel (yarn reel), a bobbin (bobbin), and a spinning cake (spin cake: spin cake) from a reel (creel). Relates to a mode and structure in which these yarns are brought into an equal and accurate tension state for the purpose of feeding them to a machine for subsequent processing.

  When manufacturing textile products, especially when processing high-quality industrial fibers such as glass fibers, ARAMIDE fibers and carbon fibers, it is important that the fiber tensions in the final product are all equal to each other. It is. After all, while manufacturing a semi-finished or final product, the fiber is generally introduced with a certain prestressing force, which is applied after the product is finished. Disappears as a result of the contraction. As is often the case with spun yarns, when the diameters of the fibers are different, the loss of strength after the product has been completed will lead to different shrinkage rates for each individual fiber, and thus Flatness is adversely affected.

  Common for so-called prepregs, for the production of unidirectional materials, or for winding in tension around a (temporary) carrying core However, if the fibers are consolidated by impregnation with synthetic resin during the process, it can be advantageous to carry them to a prestress level to be further defined.

  In particular, the tensile strength of the fiber is critical for the proper functioning of the final product, as is the case with wound type synthetic flywheels, high pressure tanks, synthetic rotors for venturators and generators. In this case, it is very important that all the fibers are accurate and equal in tension.

  It is these applications where the creel is directly bonded to the structure that handles the processing that makes the fibers semi-finished or finished.

  To date, this is preferably done manually by equipping each individual end point with an elaborate (electronically controlled) brake that regulates the force at the exit. It is more expensive to brake such a creel because the force at the exit of several termination points must be adjusted. It should be noted that with this device, the force at the outlet can only be adjusted and the tension at the outlet cannot be adjusted. The aforementioned braking is usually caused by measuring the deflection of a so-called dancer roller, around which the fiber is guided, and it is not possible to increase or decrease the braking action. Based on measurement. Only for very homogeneous fibers of equal diameter, the strength of the fiber measures the tension of the fiber.

  This method of operation requires precise tension adjustments, such as the manufacture of a wide range of prepregs for the aircraft industry, the manufacture of printed circuit boards and the manufacture of extremely lightweight metal plywood (sandwich panels). If so, in the case where a large number of exit points are required at the same time and with high accuracy, it can be carried out advantageously without the aforementioned disadvantages that can occur with current technology. In the above case, it is not uncommon for a fiber bundle with a width of 1 mm to contain 1000 to 1500 fiber bundles.

The object of the present invention is that in a simple and inexpensive way, all delivered fibers have equivalent tensile stresses within a narrow tolerance range, regardless of the randomly varying forces as they are introduced. Is to achieve.
The present invention is also suitable for transferring and tensioning materials with a more continuous structure, such as on paper, plastic, composite or textile production lines. The invention will now be further described by a preferred application in the field of fiber transport.

(Disclosure of the Invention)
Handling methods Experience shows that the coefficient of friction f in the case of sliding friction between the textile fibers and the roller surface shows a higher stationarity than that of static friction. A slight difference in speed between the fiber and the drive roller appears to have a stabilizing effect on the transmission of a constant drive force. For many material combinations, this driving force is less than the maximum driving force that can be transmitted without slipping. In order to avoid this phenomenon and maintain the maximum gripping force, the so-called anti-blocking system (Anti-Blocking) can be used. System: ABS) has been developed for the motor industry.

In the handling mode according to the invention, the objective is nothing but to limit the driving force to a maximum level that can be compared to a similar maximum level of the adjacent fiber bundle. According to elasticity theory, warp fibers or prepreg fibers or fabric pulls can only occur when the warp yarn or fibers are of equal elasticity (equal elasticity). According to this reasoning, if the final product passes through the roller without slipping at the circumferential speed v ₂ and all the warp yarns are fed without slipping at the speed v ₁ , The elasticity between delivery and supply will be equal for all warp fibers.
This reasoning, v ₁ is a speed of the fiber feed, if the speed of v ₂ fiber delivery, likewise holds for sliding roller. Thereby, the speed of the roller becomes insignificant. In that case, the value of elasticity is ε = (v ₂ −v ₁ ) / v ₁ . The fact is that the product is transported at the same speed on the delivery roller at every point where the fiber contacts the surface of the roller. This is referred to as product velocity _{v 2.}

At each point on the peripheral surface of the roller, it is possible to assume one surface that is on the axis of rotation of the roller and that is perpendicular to the cross section of the product, thereby assuming that the conditions of equal relative speed are satisfied.
The equal tension of each and every fiber requires that the elasticity be pre-set equal, so that at the start of the manufacturing process, all the fibers are fed at the same speed v ₁ respectively. There must be a vertical plane.

Transfer of fibers by moving on a roller can only be done without slip if the fiber tension in front of the roller and the fiber tension after leaving the roller are substantially the same, The fiber tension is preferably accumulated from zero, and in any case substantially zero.
As is well known, this structure can be achieved by pulling the fiber across a number of stationary rods. This is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,253,803. Accumulation of the required tension occurs by partially surrounding the rod according to the formula F ₂ = F ₁ × e ^fxα . Here, α is an angle at which the fiber covers the surface of the rod.

  The coefficient of friction f depends on the properties of the material causing the friction, here the material between the fiber and the rod surface, and is therefore only affected to a limited extent, so the high friction required is that of the rod. This can be achieved by increasing the surrounding part α. In the present application, the fiber bundles are arranged next to each other, with the result that the circumference of the rod can only be used to a limited extent.

  The present invention includes increasing the contact angle by applying more rods, thereby allowing a bundle of fibers to surround each rod up to almost 180 degrees.

  A further improvement to the present invention is created by rotating the rod in the direction of transport with a peripheral speed slightly less than the speed of the fiber.

  This is possible with the aid of a design that closely matches the above operating mode, based on the understanding that in this case the roller circumferential speed is slightly higher than the required speed of the bundle. Such a mode of operation is described in US Pat. No. 5,957,359, where the tension is reduced by partial winding of one roller. The invention described above utilizes a partial roll of only one roller on which the fiber slides, thereby reducing the tensile strength in the fiber, thereby increasing the tensile strength between the fibers lined up next to each other. A difference of up to about 100% can be leveled. Furthermore, by partially surrounding the subsequent roller, it can be assumed that the fiber does not slip on this last roller for a larger (partial) wrap. This is at least half-trust. This is because if there is no fiber slip on the roller, the fiber will move on the roller along a spiral line. With this well-known structure, in any case, it is only possible to create a relatively very limited final tension. In addition, this well-known structure has the disadvantage that all fibers must be guided manually to the set of rollers one by one.

In the present invention, since each fiber or bundle of fibers has its own virtual surface across the entire facility where all the necessary processing takes place, there is no such disadvantage.
By using several rollers, the tension in different fibers, whose values may be very different from each other at the start of the process, can be a specific number, regardless of the tension at the start and the difference between them. The idea is that after passing through this roller, it stays in its own plane and is reduced to a substantially zero tension level.
The tension difference to be adjusted, the required accuracy, the tension factor and the (partial) winding total determine the number of rollers. The number of fibers that can be used simultaneously in the process does not affect the process, only the total required set and strength of the structure.

The present invention consists of the fact that this tension reduction is utilized in the first part, by sending the fibers to the second part, the sliplock unit, from where the fibers are fed over a number of rollers. And carry over to the required equal tension. The slip lock unit is configured so that the fibers cannot slide in the unit.
This tension control is easily done automatically by measuring the result of a prestressed measuring roller, preferably the roller is leaned at right angles to the fibers moving on it, Here, the total (partial) winding of the roller in the first processing phase changes so that the result of the measuring roller returns to the required state. The very small difference in the absolute value of the tension in front of the unit itself indicates that the speed difference is very small.
The start speed prior to the third part is very close to the same for all fibers and due to the nature of the treatment to be performed next (for example, a wrapping machine, a dipping process or a weaving machine) Since the outgoing speed for each fiber is the same for each fiber, the final tension of all fibers is very close to the same.

The absolute difference between each tension in front of the slip lock unit is determined by the difference in tension at the start of the process, the number of rollers, the coefficient of friction f and the contact angle α across all the rollers, and therefore the required minimum It can be reduced to the limit. Thus, using the present invention, for a very large number of fibers having any level of tension and any difference in tension between them, the fiber tension is sufficient at the same time without tension. Can be reduced to a state close to, and in a slip lock unit, each and every fiber is converted to a speed sufficiently close to equal.
By applying the speed difference from the slip lock unit in a well-known manner, the tension of all fibers can be increased again if necessary. If it is not desired to increase the tension, it is possible in subsequent processes to drive the slip lock unit by the tensile strength on the parallel fibers between the slip lock unit and the subsequent process. In that case as well, the tension of each fiber will not fluctuate. Because the elasticity is equal between the slip lock unit and where the fibers are bonded together in subsequent processes in the apparatus, the final tension for all fibers is equivalent with high accuracy.

  The present invention also provides an improvement to the slip lock unit by applying an endless belt having elastomeric properties that are transferred over a portion of the outer circumference of the roller. The fiber is pressed onto the roller by the belt without significant deformation occurring on the surface of the fiber or belt or roller. The large surface nevertheless allows a large frictional force to be applied to the fiber. The small deformation allows the fiber to be fed through the unit at a constant and known speed without slipping, and the unit is not very sensitive to the tension inherent in the fiber.

In summary, the mode of operation consists of the following three processing phases.
1. The fiber tension is reduced from any individual stress level to zero or sufficiently close to zero.
2. Transfer of fibers without slippage through a slip lock unit at a preset known speed.
3. The tension of each fiber is evenly accumulated from the zero stress level to the required integrated stress level.

Because of this handling mode, it becomes feasible that all fiber bundles lying next to each other are carried over from any stress level to a stress level close enough to zero, so that new A tension situation is realized and a consistent transfer of the fiber bundle is achieved by the slip-lock unit.
The build-up of tension after passing through the unit must occur gradually with the help of a number of rollers, which are accurate as a result of the difference in speed from a preset bundle of fibers. These speeds are reduced until tension is obtained. Since the distance to be moved is the same for all bundles, the elasticity is equal, thereby ensuring equal tension.

  Treating the bed of fiber bundles in one piece obviously requires sufficient firmness of the rollers. Accordingly, the diameter of these rollers is preferably chosen not to be too small. This also results in the bending stress of the individual fibers in the fiber bundle being only slightly lower, so there is no fiber breakage in the device and even if there was a previous breakage. The fiber ends will simply continue in the fiber bundle package and therefore will not cause any obstruction (winding of individual fibers in the fiber bundle as a result of the frictional action of stationary guide elements).

Structure The present invention realizes an arrangement structure for executing the above-described handling mode. According to the present invention, such an arrangement comprises at least one, but preferably a large number, of a first part (de-tensioner) having a cylinder-shaped rotating element (roller). According to a preferred embodiment, each roller is rotatable about its own axis at a peripheral speed higher than the required feed rate, and the fibers are transported at the required feed rate, preferably these rollers In order to achieve this winding, it is guided around the roller in a loop, which gives a larger total contact angle than is possible with only one roller.
The arrangement according to the invention also comprises a second part (sliplock unit) having at least one roller with a rigid or at least relatively undistorted surface, in which a transfer Part of which, in combination with an associated pressure element, preferably consists of an endless transfer belt or a roller having a compressible surface that exerts a frictional force on the fibers between the surfaces, so that the fibers are rigid. It is transferred without slipping at the feed rate of the roller with the surface and thus determines the feed rate of the fibers.
Furthermore, the arrangement structure of the present invention comprises a third part (tensioner) having a roller around which the surrounding fiber is pulled, but as a result of the tension of the fiber. Accumulation is obtained.

  In order to guarantee good operation of the tensioner and the tensioner, the feed speed of the tensioner roller is always higher than the feed speed of the slip lock unit, and the feed speed of the tensioner roller is higher than the feed speed of the slip lock unit. It is important that it is always small. This means that the diameter of the tensioner roller is chosen to be larger than the diameter of the slip lock unit roller, and the diameter of the tensioner roller is chosen to be smaller than the diameter of the slip lock unit roller, and At the same time, it can be easily realized by keeping the rotation speed of all the rollers the same.

  In order to achieve a good operation of the arrangement structure in a simple manner, the arrangement structure is preferably coupled to one another via a spacer block, which can make the aforementioned rollers cheaper ( It consists of two parallel frame plates with the same pattern for bearings.

  An arrangement that is very easy to operate and adaptable to a wide variety of frictional properties can be achieved by (partial) windings of a number of equivalent rollers, with an odd number of All of the rollers are larger than each other, spaced apart from each other by twice the diameter of one roller, and in the second part of the frame, all of the even number of rollers are larger than each other, all equal So that through the close proximity of the first part of the frame to the second part of the frame, the rotation axes of all the rollers maintain all their parallelism without contacting each other. As such, an even number of rollers can pass an odd number of rollers.

By using such a form of the device of the present invention, through the maximum spacing between the frame parts,
The path between the odd number of rollers and the even number of rollers through which a single throughput of fiber passes is considerably simplified. By gradually bringing the first part of the frame closer to the second part of the frame, a (partial) encircling of all the rollers occurs, and through further approach, the product of multiple rollers and the circumference of one roller Can be increased to a value determined by one-half.

  The arrangement structure also comprises a cylinder-shaped element by driving a cylinder-shaped element of the third part of the arrangement structure at a feed rate slightly less than the required fiber processing speed. As a result of continuous slippage between the fibers, it results in a reduction in wear of the fibers and equipment.

  Furthermore, wear can be effectively avoided by providing the roller with a wear-resistant layer obtained, for example, by curing the surface. One important and positive conclusion of the preferred structure according to the present invention is that through the slip between the fiber bundle and the roller surface, a certain maximum friction by the cylinder on the fiber bundle can be transmitted, thus The amount of slip is not critical for proper operation of the device. This means that the roller that rotates in relation to the fiber bundle with slipping does not have to be perfectly circular and can therefore be constructed simply and inexpensively.

  Since all roller diameters can be chosen freely, the device based on the preferred arrangement of the present invention is not sensitive to the occurrence of the aforementioned obstacles, and there is no fiber breakage through the device. It does not occur.

  The present invention will be discussed below with reference to the drawings. These drawings serve only as illustrations of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.

(Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention)
FIG. 1 shows a bundle of fibers moving on a drive roller at a certain speed (v). The bundle of fibers partially surrounds the roller at an angle (α). The roller rotates in the direction shown in the figure at a peripheral speed (ω × R). The friction coefficient of the roller surface is (f). Reference numeral F1 denotes a pulling force of the fiber bundle in front of the roller. Reference numeral F2 is the pulling force of the fiber bundle behind the roller.

One of three situations can appear:
1. (Ω × R)> v
The peripheral speed of the roller is greater than the speed of the fiber bundle. In this case, the tension of the fiber bundle is reduced. Since sliding friction is not related to sliding speed, the speed difference between the fiber and the roller surface is not important. This situation appears at the detenter.
(F1> F2).

2. (Ω × R) = v
The peripheral speed of the roller is equal to the speed of the fiber bundle. In this case, the bundle of fibers is fed without slipping. This situation appears at the slip lock unit.
(F1 = F2).

3. (Ω × R) <v
The peripheral speed of the roller is smaller than the speed of the fiber bundle. In this case, the tension of the fiber bundle increases. Also, in this situation, the speed difference does not affect the friction between the fiber and the roller surface. This situation appears at the tensioner.
4). (F1 <F2).

  FIG. 2 shows that a single fiber emerges from one of the exit points (including 30i to 30iii), via a rotatable roller (31) in a virtual plane indicated by the figure. The path through all the processing steps is shown, the roller serving to cause (partial) wrapping for all parallel fibers to the detenters in the structure as well. This is the first processing step by sending the fibers alternately to the left and right across the rollers (16) and (5), so that the force on the fibers is partly due to the sliding of the fibers against the outer surface of the rollers. The loop is further reduced to a level where negligible force remains. The total residual force of all parallel fibers can be measured using the measuring roller (32), which is pressed somewhat perpendicular to the fibers moving from the detenter to the sliplock unit. The pushing amount or pressing force determines the residual force.

  In the slip lock unit, the fibers are pressed between the roller (7) and the endless belt (11), so that the feed speed of all the fibers is determined by the peripheral speed of the roller (7). In the next third processing step, the so-called tensioner, by pulling the fibers alternately left and right with sliding across a number of rollers (25) and (29), by making all parallel fibers of equal length The desired equal tension is accumulated in all the fibers. The aforementioned pulling force is supplied by the following process using, for example, a warp beam device.

  This tension is the sum of the forces of all the fibers, which can be easily measured on the basis of the measuring roller (33), which is perpendicular to the fibers moving from the tensioner to the next process. Somewhat pressed, the amount of pressing or pressing force determines the residual force.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing the detenter and slip lock unit in a state in which a ribbon, thread, filament, fiber or bundle (12) can be easily fed through the structure. Fiber (12) comes from a source (not shown) and is fed between rollers (5, 16). Thereafter, the fibers are guided onto the roller (7), whereby the fibers are pressed against the surface (8) of the roller by the belt (11). This combined operation of the roller (7) and the belt (11) forms a slip lock unit. The belt (11) is pulled by the roller (9). The roller (5) is supported by a bearing coupled to the frame portion (1), and the roller (16) is supported by a bearing coupled to the frame portion (2). Both frame parts can move with respect to each other and the guide (3) only allows one degree of freedom.

FIG. 4 shows the tensioner and ribbons, yarns, fibers or bundles (12) being fed through the structure and the frame portions (1,2) moving towards each other compared to the state of FIG. It is a typical explanatory view showing a slip lock unit. The fiber (12) is in contact with a part of the surface (6, 17) of the roller (5, 16).
The peripheral speed of the rollers (5, 16) is greater than the fiber processing (throughput) speed so that any force on the fiber bundles from the various delivery reels is partially around the first sliding rotating roller. This reduction is continued by a subsequent sliding rotating roller so that the fiber bundle is sent with a minimum negligible level of force. And, on the one hand, against a roller covered with a precision cylinder-shaped rotating roller (7) with a predetermined and constant peripheral speed, and on the other hand with a material that provides sufficient resistance to the slip that occurs. A minimum negligible relative difference in force is achieved with the endless transfer belt (11) supported in the same way, and the drive without slipping of the bundle of fibers (13) is at very low tension. Is achieved.

  FIG. 5 shows a tensioner and slip lock with ribbons, threads, fibers or bundles (12) being fed through the structure and the frame parts (1, 2) moved closer together than in the state of FIG. It is typical explanatory drawing which shows a unit. The fibers (12) are in contact with a wider part of the surface (6, 17) of the rollers (5, 16). The angle α of the arc that the fiber surrounds on the roller is larger, so that for each roller, a greater tension is accumulated in the fiber under certain conditions.

  FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a tensioner whereby a ribbon, thread, filament, fiber or bundle (24) is in contact with a portion of the circumference (26) of the roller (25). The rollers have a peripheral speed that is less than the processing speed of the fibers (24), thereby increasing the tension of the fibers by each roller according to the principle shown in FIG. As a result of equalizing the fiber length between the non-slip feed and the start for all bundles, the tension of all fibers is kept equal. Obviously, if the tension is momentarily high, the result is a large elasticity momentarily with a lower standard force in the (partial) entrainment, which is immediately accompanied by a decrease in friction, resulting in: With a decrease in tension. The fiber (27) leaves the apparatus to be further processed by a process not shown here. Even in this arrangement, the frame parts (21) and (22) can move relative to each other, but the guide (23) only allows one degree of freedom.

It is typical explanatory drawing which shows the physical principle on which this invention is based. It is typical explanatory drawing which shows the whole structure according to the summary of this invention. It is a typical explanatory view showing the detenter and slip lock unit concerning the present invention, and is a figure showing the state where a ribbon, a thread, a filament, a fiber, or a bundle can be easily transported in a structure. 3 is a schematic explanatory view showing a detenter and a slip lock unit according to the present invention, in which two portions of the frame move toward each other with respect to the position of FIG. 3, and a ribbon, yarn, filament, fiber or bundle is a roller. It is a figure which shows the state which is contacting some surroundings. 4 is a schematic illustration showing a detenter and a slip lock unit according to the present invention, in which the two parts of the frame are further moved towards each other with respect to the position of FIG. 4, and the ribbon, thread, filament, fiber or bundle is It is a figure which shows the state which is contacting the more part of the circumference | surroundings of a roller. It is typical explanatory drawing which shows the tensioner which concerns on this invention.

Claims (14)

A method of handling parallel fibers, yarns and yarns, etc., having uneven power output from different feed points, and also what are called fibers, to the required tensions that are equivalent or close enough to each other,
The parallel fibers are first fed (first treatment phase) onto one or more cylindrical rotating elements (rollers) whose peripheral speed is greater than the speed of the parallel fibers, whereby the first treatment At the end of the phase, the fiber tension is zero or close to zero,
Thereafter, the fibers are fed onto a roller that transports the parallel fibers in a state sufficiently close without any slip or with any slip (second processing phase),
Finally, the fibers are fed onto one or more stationary or motor driven rollers whose peripheral speed is less than the speed of the parallel fibers (if the tension is needed) 3 treatment phases), whereby the required integrated tension is obtained at the end of the third treatment phase,
A handling method characterized by that.   The handling method according to claim 1, wherein a second roller is disposed opposite to the roller in the second processing phase, and the parallel fibers are transferred between the pair of rollers.   The handling method according to claim 2, wherein the two rollers in the second processing phase are pressed against each other with an adjustable force.   The handling method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the roller in the second processing phase is a motor drive type.   An endless belt is disposed to face the roller in the second processing phase, and the endless belt is positioned so as to surround a part of the circumference of the roller disposed with respect to the endless belt. The handling method according to claim 1.   6. The handling method according to claim 5, wherein the roller and the endless belt in the second processing phase are motor-driven.   The handling method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the parallel fibers are bonded to each other.   A structure that brings parallel fibers, yarns and yarns, etc., with uneven power output from different feed points, to the required tensions that are equivalent or equivalent enough to each other. A structure that functions in accordance with the handling method according to any one of Items 1 to 7.   The part associated with the first processing phase (detentor) consists of two separate frame parts (1) and (2), each frame part having a number of motor driven rollers (5) and 9. (16) are arranged in a row so that the (partial) winding by parallel fibers of the surfaces (6) and (17) of the roller can be adjusted. Structure.   A portion related to the second processing phase (slip lock unit) is formed by a motor-driven roller (7) and an endless belt (11) driven by two drive rollers (9). 7. The endless belt (11) and the endless belt (11) can move in the direction of each other so that the partial winding of the roller surface (8) by the endless belt (11) can be adjusted. Or the structure of 9. 9. A movable element having a force absorbing device is disposed between the detenter and the slip lock unit at a right angle or sufficiently close to the parallel fibers. To 10. The structure according to any one of 10 to 10.   12. A structure according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the part associated with the third processing phase (tensioner) is carried out according to the detenter according to claim 9.   13. A structure according to claim 12, characterized in that immediately after the tensioner, a movable element with a force absorbing device is arranged at a right angle or close to a right angle with respect to the tensioner. The operating method and / or structure described and / or illustrated by the drawings.

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