JP2007501201A - Abuse prevention dosage form - Google Patents
Abuse prevention dosage form Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007501201A JP2007501201A JP2006522320A JP2006522320A JP2007501201A JP 2007501201 A JP2007501201 A JP 2007501201A JP 2006522320 A JP2006522320 A JP 2006522320A JP 2006522320 A JP2006522320 A JP 2006522320A JP 2007501201 A JP2007501201 A JP 2007501201A
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- dosage form
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Abstract
本発明は、乱用の可能性のある1種または数種の作用成分に加えて、少なくとも500Nの破壊に対する抵抗性を有する少なくとも1種の合成または天然ポリマーと、任意の生理学的に適合する補助物質とを含有し、変色せずに押出成形により熱成形された乱用の恐れがない剤形に関する。また本発明はそれを製造する方法に関する。
The present invention relates to any physiologically compatible auxiliary substance with at least one synthetic or natural polymer that is resistant to destruction of at least 500 N in addition to one or several active ingredients that may be abused. And a dosage form that is thermoformed by extrusion without discoloration and has no fear of abuse. The invention also relates to a method for producing it.
Description
本発明は、乱用の可能性のある1種又は複数の作用成分(A)に加えて、任意の生理学的に許容されうる補助物質(B)と、少なくとも1種の合成または天然ポリマー(C)と、任意の少なくとも1種のワックス(D)とを含有し、成分(C)および任意に存在する成分(D)が各々少なくとも500Nの破壊強度を示す、変色せずに押出成形によって熱成形された乱用防止剤形に関するとともに、この本発明に係る剤形を製造する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to any physiologically acceptable auxiliary substance (B) and at least one synthetic or natural polymer (C) in addition to one or more active ingredients (A) that may be abused. And optionally at least one wax (D), wherein component (C) and optionally present component (D) each exhibit a breaking strength of at least 500 N and are thermoformed by extrusion without discoloration. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the dosage form according to the present invention.
多くの製薬学的作用成分は、適した適用においてすぐれた活性を有する以外に、乱用の可能性も有する。すなわち、それらは、乱用者によって使用されて、意図された作用以外の作用を生ずることがある。例えば、重度の痛みから極めて重度の痛みを治療する際に大きな作用を発揮するアヘンは、乱用者によって使用されて麻酔または多幸感状態を誘発することが多い。 Many pharmaceutical active ingredients have the potential for abuse in addition to having excellent activity in suitable applications. That is, they can be used by abusers to produce effects other than those intended. For example, opium, which plays a major role in treating severe pain from severe pain, is often used by abusers to induce anesthesia or euphoria.
乱用を可能にするためには、錠剤またはカプセルなどの対応する剤形が乱用者によって粉砕され、例えば、乳鉢で砕かれ、好ましくは水性液体を使用して得られた粉末から作用成分を抽出し、得られた溶液を、必要に応じて脱脂綿またはセルロース詰め物でろ過後、非経口的、特に静脈内投与する。経口による乱用投与と比較したこの種類の投与の追加の現象は、作用成分レベルのさらに加速度的な増加であり、乱用者に望ましい作用、すなわち「キック」または「ラッシュ」を与える。このキックは、粉末状剤形が経鼻的に投与される、すなわち鼻から吸われる場合にも得られる。乱用の可能性のある作用成分を含有する放出制御剤形は、不正に多量に経口接種されても、乱用者が望むキックを生じないので、このような剤形も、乱用されるためには粉砕されて抽出される。 In order to allow abuse, the corresponding dosage form, such as a tablet or capsule, is pulverized by the abuser, for example, crushed in a mortar, preferably extracting the active ingredient from the powder obtained using an aqueous liquid. The resulting solution is filtered parenterally, particularly intravenously, after filtering with absorbent cotton or cellulose filling as necessary. An additional phenomenon of this type of administration compared to oral abuse administration is a more accelerated increase in the level of the active ingredient, giving the abuser the desired effect, ie “kick” or “rush”. This kick is also obtained when the powdered dosage form is administered nasally, ie sucked from the nose. Controlled release dosage forms containing active ingredients that may be abused will not produce the kicks that abusers desire, even if illegally inoculated orally, so such dosage forms are also to be abused It is crushed and extracted.
米国特許第4070494号明細書には、乱用を防止するために剤形に膨潤剤を添加することが提案されている。作用成分を抽出するために水を添加すると、この膨潤剤が膨潤して、ゲルから分離されたろ液にごく少量の作用成分しか含有しないことを保証する。 U.S. Pat. No. 4,070,494 proposes adding a swelling agent to the dosage form to prevent abuse. When water is added to extract the active ingredient, this swelling agent swells to ensure that the filtrate separated from the gel contains only a small amount of active ingredient.
国際公開第95/20947号パンフレットに開示されている多層錠は、同様の非経口乱用防止方法に基づいており、この錠剤は、乱用の可能性のある作用成分および少なくとも1種のゲル形成剤を各々異なる層に含有する。 The multilayer tablet disclosed in WO 95/20947 is based on the same parenteral abuse prevention method, and this tablet contains an active ingredient with potential abuse and at least one gel-forming agent. Each is contained in a different layer.
国際公開第03/015531号パンフレットには別の非経口乱用防止方法が開示されている。鎮痛オピオイドおよび嫌悪剤としての染料を含有する剤形がそこに記載されている。剤形への混入によって放出される色が、混入している剤形の使用を乱用者に思いとどませることが意図されている。 WO 03/015531 pamphlet discloses another method for preventing parenteral abuse. Dosage forms containing analgesic opioids and aversive dyes are described therein. The color released by incorporation into the dosage form is intended to discourage abusers from using the incorporated dosage form.
乱用を困難にするための別の公知の選択肢は、剤形に作用成分のアンタゴニスト、例えば、オピオイドの場合にはナロキソンもしくはナルトレキソン(naltexone)または例えば、トコンなどの、生理学的防御応答を生ずる化合物を添加することに関係する。 Another known option to make abuse difficult is to add an antagonist of the active ingredient to the dosage form, for example a compound that produces a physiological defense response, such as naloxone or naltexone in the case of opioids or tocone, for example. Related to the addition.
しかしながら、ほとんどの乱用例では、乱用に好適な作用成分を含む剤形を粉砕することが依然として必要であることから、よって、本発明は、乱用を行う可能性のある人が従来利用可能な手段を使用して乱用前に剤形を粉砕するのを困難に又は防止し、これによって、正しく投与された場合には所定の治療効果を保証するが、単なる粉砕では作用成分を乱用に適した剤形に変換することができない、乱用の可能性のある作用成分のための剤形を提供することを目的とする。 However, in most cases of abuse, it is still necessary to grind the dosage form containing the active ingredient suitable for abuse, so the present invention is a means conventionally available to those who are likely to abuse. Makes it difficult or prevented to crush the dosage form prior to abuse, thereby ensuring a certain therapeutic effect when properly administered, but mere crushing is an agent suitable for abuse of the active ingredient It is an object to provide a dosage form for an active ingredient with potential for abuse that cannot be converted into a form.
この目的は、乱用の可能性のある1種又は複数の作用成分(A)に加えて、少なくとも1種の合成または天然ポリマー(C)と、任意の少なくとも1種のワックス(D)とを含有し、成分(C)および任意に存在する成分(D)が各々少なくとも500Nの破壊強度を示す、変色せずに押出成形によって熱成形された本発明に係る乱用防止剤形を提供することによって達成される。 This purpose contains at least one synthetic or natural polymer (C) and any at least one wax (D) in addition to one or more active ingredients (A) that may be abused Achieved by providing an anti-abuse dosage form according to the present invention thermoformed by extrusion without discoloration, wherein component (C) and optionally present component (D) each exhibit a breaking strength of at least 500 N Is done.
上記の最小破壊強度(本願の記載のように測定)を有するポリマーを用いることで、好ましくは、剤形が少なくとも500Nの最小破壊強度を示すような量でポリマーを用いることで、従来の手段を使用して剤形を粉砕することを大幅に困難にするので、その後に続く乱用を大幅に困難に又は防止することができる。 By using a polymer having the above minimum breaking strength (measured as described herein), preferably by using the polymer in an amount such that the dosage form exhibits a minimum breaking strength of at least 500 N. Subsequent abuse can be made much more difficult or prevented because it makes it much more difficult to use and grind the dosage form.
粉砕が不十分であると、非経口投与、特に静脈内投与を安全に実施することができないか、または作用成分の抽出が乱用者にとってはあまりにも長く時間がかかるか、または放出が即時的でないので経口服用しても「キック」が生じない。 Insufficient milling prevents safe parenteral administration, especially intravenous administration, or extraction of the active ingredient takes too long for abusers or release is not immediate Therefore, even if taken orally, "kick" does not occur.
本発明によれば、粉砕は、例えば、乳鉢および乳棒、ハンマー、木槌または他の通常の力を加えることによる粉砕手段など、乱用者が利用できる従来の手段による剤形の粉砕を意味するものとする。 According to the present invention, pulverization means the pulverization of the dosage form by conventional means available to abusers, for example pulverizing means by applying mortar and pestle, hammer, mallet or other normal force And
従って、本発明に係る剤形は、作用成分、好ましくは、乱用の可能性のある製薬学的作用成分の非経口、鼻腔および/または経口乱用を防止するのに好適である。 Thus, the dosage forms according to the invention are suitable for preventing parenteral, nasal and / or oral abuse of active ingredients, preferably pharmaceutical active ingredients that may be abused.
乱用の可能性のある製薬学的作用成分は、使用される量および製造する方法と同様に、当業者に公知であり、本発明に係る剤形、当然対応する誘導体、特にエステルもしくはエーテルの形態で、または各々の場合において対応する生理学的に許容されうる化合物の形態、特に塩もしくは溶媒和物の形態で存在してもよい。本発明に係る剤形はまた2種以上の製薬学的な作用成分の投与にも好適である。剤形は、好ましくは、1種だけの特定の作用成分を含有する。 The pharmaceutically active ingredients that can be abused are known to the person skilled in the art, as well as the amount used and the method of manufacture, and the dosage forms according to the invention, of course the corresponding derivatives, in particular the ester or ether form. Or in each case in the form of the corresponding physiologically acceptable compound, in particular in the form of a salt or solvate. The dosage forms according to the invention are also suitable for the administration of two or more pharmaceutical active ingredients. The dosage form preferably contains only one specific active ingredient.
本発明に係る剤形は、オピオイド、トランキライザー、好ましくは、ベンゾジアゼピン、バルビツール酸塩、覚醒剤および他の麻薬を含む群から選択される製薬学的な作用成分の乱用を防止するのに特に好適である。 The dosage form according to the invention is particularly suitable for preventing abuse of pharmaceutical active ingredients selected from the group comprising opioids, tranquilizers, preferably benzodiazepines, barbiturates, stimulants and other narcotics. is there.
本発明に係る剤形は、N−{1−[2−(4−エチル−5−オキソ−2−テトラゾリン−1−イル)エチル]−4−メトキシメチル−4−ピペリジル}プロピオンアニリド(アルフェンタニル)、5,5−ジアリルバルビツール酸(アロバルビタール)、アリルプロジン、アルファプロジン、8−クロロ−1−メチル−6−フェニル−4H−[1,2,4]トリアゾロ[4,3−a][1,4]−ベンゾジアゼピン(アルプラゾラム)、2−ジエチルアミノ)プロピオフェノン(アンフェプラモン)、(±)−a−メチル−フェネチルアミン(アンフェタミン)、2−(a−メチルフェネチルアミノ)−2−フェニルアセトニトリル(アンフェタミニル)、5−エチル−5−イソペンチルバルビツール酸(アモバルビタール)、アニレリジン、アポコデイン、5,5−ジエチルバルビツール酸(バルビタール)、ベンジルモルヒネ、ベジトラミド、7−ブロモ−5−(2−ピリジル)−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(ブロマゼパム)、2−ブロモ−4−(2−クロロフェニル)−9−メチル−6H−チエノ[3,2−f]−[1,2,4]トリアゾロ[4,3−a][1,4]ジアゼピン(ブロチゾラム)、17−シクロプロピルメチル−4,5a−エポキシ−7a[(S)−1−ヒドロキシ−1,2,2−トリメチル−プロピル]−6−メトキシ−6,14−エンド−エタノモルフィナン−3−オール(ブプレノルフィン)、5−ブチル−5−エチルバルビツール酸(ブトバルビタール)、ブトルファノール、(7−クロロ−1,3−ジヒドロ−1−メチル−2−オキソ−5−フェニル−2H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−3−イル)ジメチルカルバメート(カマゼパム)、(1S,2S)−2−アミノ−1−フェニル−1−プロパノール(カチン/D−ノルプソイドエフェドリン)、7−クロロ−N−メチル−5−フェニル−3H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2−イルアミン4−オキシド(クロルジアゼポキシド)、7−クロロ−1−メチル−5−フェニル−1H−1,5−ベンゾジアゼピン2,4(3H,5H)−ジオン(クロバザム)、5−(2−クロロフェニル)−7−ニトロ−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(クロナゼパム)、クロニタゼン、7−クロロ−2,3−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−5−フェニル−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−3−カルボン酸(クロラゼペート)5−(2−クロロフェニル)−7−エチル−1−メチル−1H−チエノ[2,3−e][1,4]ジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(クロチアゼパム)、10−クロロ−11b−(2−クロロフェニル)−2,3,7,11b−テトラヒドロオキサゾロ−[3,2−d][1,4]ベンゾジアゼピン−6(5H)−オン(クロキサゾラム)、(−)−メチル−[3β−ベンゾイルオキシ−2β(1aH,5aH)−トロパンカルボキシレート](コカイン)、4,5,a−エポキシ−3−メトキシ−17−メチル−7−モルヒナン−6a−オール(コデイン)、5−(1−シクロヘキセニル)−5−エチルバルビツール酸(シクロバルビタール)、シクロルファン(cyclorphan)、シプレノルフィン(cyprenorphine)、7−クロロ−5−(2−クロロフェニル)−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(デロラゼパム)、デソモルヒネ、デキストロモラミド、(+)−(1−ベンジル−3−ジメチルアミノ−2−メチル−1−フェニルプロピル)プロピオネート(デキストロプロポキシフェン)、デゾシン、ジアンプロミド、ジアモルホン(diamorphone)、7−クロロ−1−メチル−5−フェニル−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(ジアゼパム)、4,5a−エポキシ−3−メトキシ−17−メチル−6a−モルヒナンオール(ジヒドロコデイン)、4,5α−エポキシ−17−メチル−3,6a−モルヒナンジオール(ジヒドロモルヒネ)、ジメノキサドール、ジメフェプタノール、ジメチルチアンブテン、ジオキサフェチルブチレート(dioxaphetyl butyrate)、ジピパノン、(6aR,10aR)−6,6,9−トリメチル−3−ペンチル−6a,7,8,10a−テトラヒドロ−6H−ベンゾ[c]クロメン−1−オール(ドロナビノール)、エプタゾシン、8−クロロ−6−フェニル−4H−[1,2,4]トリアゾロ[4,3−a][1,4]ベンゾジアゼピン(エスタゾラム)、エトヘプタジン、エチルメチルチアンブテン、エチル[7−クロロ−5−(2−フルオロフェニル)−2,3−ジヒドロ−2−オキソ−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−3−カルボキシレート](エチルロフラゼペート)、4,5α−エポキシ−3−エトキシ−17−メチル−7−モルヒネン−6α−オール(エチルモルヒネ)、エトニタゼン、4,5α−エポキシ−7α−(1−ヒドロキシ−1−メチルブチル)−6−メトキシ−17−メチル−6,14−エンド−エテノ−モルヒナン−3−オール(エトルフィン)、N−エチル−3−フェニル−8,9,10−トリノルボルナン−2−イルアミン(フェンカンファミン)、7−[2−(α−メチル−フェネチルアミノ)エチル]−テオフィリン)(フェネチリン)、3−(α−メチルフェネチルアミノ)プロピオニトリル(フェンプロポレックス)、N−(1−フェネチル−4−ピペリジル)プロピオンアニリド(フェンタニル)、7−クロロ−5−(2−フルオロフェニル)−1−メチル−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(フルジアゼパム)、5−(2−フルオロフェニル)−1−メチル−7−ニトロ−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(フルニトラゼパム)、7−クロロ−1−(2−ジエチルアミノエチル)−5−(2−フルオロフェニル)−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(フルラゼパム)、7−クロロ−5−フェニル−1−(2,2,2−トリフルオロエチル)−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(ハラゼパム)、10−ブロモ−11b−(2−フルオロフェニル)−2,3,7,11b−テトラヒドロ[1,3]オキサゾリル[3,2−d][1,4]ベンゾジアゼピン−6(5H)−オン(ハロキサゾラム)、ヘロイン、4,5α−エポキシ−3−メトキシ−17−メチル−6−モルヒナノン(ヒドロコドン)、4,5α−エポキシ−3−ヒドロキシ−17−メチル−6−モルヒナノン(ヒドロモルホン)、ヒドロキシペチジン、イソメサドン、ヒドロキシメチルモルヒナン、11−クロロ−8,12b−ジヒドロ−2,8−ジメチル−12b−フェニル−4H−[1,3]オキサジノ[3,2−d][1,4]ベンゾジアゼピン−4,7(6H)−ジオン(ケタゾラム)、1−[4−(3−ヒドロキシフェニル)−1−メチル−4−ピペリジル]−1−プロパノン(ケトベミドン)、(3S,6S)−6−ジメチルアミノ−4,4−ジフェニルヘプタン−3−イルアセテート(レバセチルメサドール(LAAM))、(−)−6−ジメチル−アミノ−4,4−ジフェノール−3−ヘプタノン(レボメサドン)、(−)−17−メチル−3−モルフィナノール(レボルファノール)、レボフェナシルモルファン、ロフェンタニル、6−(2−クロロフェニル)−2−(4−メチル−1−ピペラジニルメチレン)−8−ニトロ−2H−イミダゾ[1,2−a][1,4]−ベンゾジアゼピン−1(4H)−オン(ロプラゾラム)、7−クロロ−5−(2−クロロフェニル)−3−ヒドロキシ−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(ロラゼパム)、7−クロロ−5−(2−クロロフェニル)−3−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(ロルメタゼパム)、5−(4−クロロフェニル)−2,5−ジヒドロ−3H−イミダゾ[2,1−a]イソインドール−5−オール(マジンドール)、7−クロロ−2,3−ジヒドロ−1−メチル−5−フェニル−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン(メダゼパム)、N−(3−クロロプロピル)−α−メチルフェネチルアミン(メフェノレクス)、メペリジン、2−メチル−2−プロピルトリメチレンジカルバメート(メプロバメート)、メプタジノール、メタゾシン、メチルモルヒネ、N,α−ジメチルフェネチルアミン(メタンフェタミン)、(±)−6−ジメチルアミノ−4,4−ジフェニル−3−ヘプタノン(メサドン)、2−メチル−3−o−トルイル−4(3H)−キナゾリノン(メタカロン)、メチル[2−フェニル−2−(2−ピペリジル)アセテート](メチルフェニデート)、5−エチル−1−メチル−5−フェニルバルビツール酸(メチルフェノバルビタール)、3,3−ジエチル−5−メチル−2,4−ピペリジンジオン(メチプリロン)、メトポン、8−クロロ−6−(2−フルオロフェニル)−1−メチル−4H−イミダゾ[1,5−a][1,4]ベンゾジアゼピン(ミダゾラム)、2−(ベンズヒドリルスルフィニル)−アセタミド(モダフィニル)、4,5α−エポキシ−17−メチル−7−モルフィナン−3,6α−ジオール(モルヒネ)、ミロフィン(myrophine)、(±)−trans−3−(1,1−ジメチルヘプチル)−7,8,10,10α−テトラヒドロ−1−ヒドロキシ−6,6−ジメチル−6H−ジベンゾ[−b,d]ピラン−9(6αH)−オン(ナビロン)、ナルブフィン、ナロルフィン、ナルセイン、ニコモルヒネ、1−メチル−7−ニトロ−5−フェニル−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(ニメタゼパム)、7−ニトロ−5−フェニル−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2−(3H)−オン(ニトラゼパム)、7−クロロ−5−フェニル−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(ノルダゼパム)、ノルレボルファノール、6−ジメチルアミノ−4,4−ジフェニル−3−ヘキサノン(ノルメサドン)、ノルモルヒネ、ノルピパノン、ケシ(Papaver somniferum)種に属する植物の浸出物(アヘン)、7−クロロ−3−ヒドロキシ−5−フェニル−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(オキサゼパム)、(cis−trans)−10−クロロ−2,3,7,11b−テトラヒドロ−2−メチル−11b−フェニルオキサゾロ[3,2−d][1,4]ベンゾジアゼピン−6−(5H)−オン(オキサゾラム)、4,5α−エポキシ−14−ヒドロキシ−3−メトキシ−17−メチル−6−モルヒナノン(オキシコドン)、オキシモルホン、(Papaver somniferum)種(アツミゲシケシ(setigerum)亜種を含む)に属する植物および植物の一部、パパベレタム、2−イミノ−5−フェニル−4−オキサゾリジノン(ペルノリン(pernoline))、1,2,3,4,5,6−ヘキサヒドロ−6,11−ジメチル−3−(3−メチル−2−ブテニル)−2,6−メタノ−3−ベンザゾシン−8−オール(ペンタゾシン)、5−エチル−5−(1−メチルブチル)−バルビツール酸(ペントバルビタール)、エチル(1−メチル−4−フェニル−4−ピペリジンカルボキシレート)(ペチジン)、フェナドキソン、フェノモルファン、フェナゾシン、フェノペリジン、ピミノジン、フォルコジン、3−メチル−2−フェニルモルホリン(フェンメトラジン)、5−エチル−5−フェニルバルビツール酸(フェノバルビタール)、α,α−ジメチルフェネチルアミン(フェンテルミン)、7−クロロ−5−フェニル−1−(2−プロピニル)−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(ピナゼパム)、α−(2−ピペリジル)ベンズヒドリルアルコール(ピプラドロール)、1’−(3−シアノ−3,3−ジフェニルプロピル)[1,4’−ビピペリジン]−4’−カルボキサミド(ピリトラミド)、7−クロロ−1−(シクロプロピルメチル)−5−フェニル−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(プラゼパム)、プロファドール、プロヘプタジン、プロメドール(promedol)、プロペリジン、プロポキシフェン、N−(1−メチル−2−ピペリジノエチル)−N−(2−ピリジル)プロピオンアミド、メチル{3−[4−メトキシカルボニル−4−(N−フェニルプロパンアミ
ド)ピペリジノ]プロパノエート}(レミフェンタニル)、5−sec−ブチル−5−エチルバルビツール酸(セクブタバルビタール)、5−アリル−5−(1−メチルブチル)−バルビツール酸(セコバルビタール)、N−{4−メトキシメチル−1−[2−(2−チエニル)エチル]−4−ピペリジル}−プロピオナニリド(スフェンタニル)、7−クロロ−2−ヒドロキシ−メチル−5−フェニル−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(テマゼパム)、7−クロロ−5−(1−シクロヘキセニル)−1−メチル−1H−1,4−ベンゾジアゼピン−2(3H)−オン(テトラゼパム)、エチル(2−ジメチルアミノ−1−フェニル−3−シクロヘキセン−1−カルボキシレート)(チリジン(cisおよびtrans))、トラマドール、8−クロロ−6−(2−クロロフェニル)−1−メチル−4H−[1,2,4]トリアゾロ[4,3−a][1,4]ベンゾジアゼピン(トリアゾラム)、5−(1−メチルブチル)−5−ビニルバルビツール酸(ビニルビタール)、(1R,2R)−3−(3−ジメチルアミノ−1−エチル−2−メチル−プロピル)−フェノール、(1R、2R,4S)−2−(ジメチルアミノ)メチル−4−(p−フルオロベンジルオキシ)−1−(m−メトキシフェニル)シクロヘキサノール、(1R,2R)−3−(2−ジメチルアミノ−メチルシクロヘキシル)フェノール、(1R,2S)−3−(3−ジメチルアミノ−1−エチル−2−メチル−プロピル)フェノール、(2R、3R)−1−ジメチルアミノ−3(3−メトキシフェニル)−2−メチル−ペンタン−3−オール、(1RS,3RS,6RS)−6−ジメチルアミノメチル−1−(3−メトキシフェニル)−シクロヘキサン−1,3−ジオール、好ましくは、ラセミ体として、3−(2−ジメチルアミノメチル−1−ヒドロキシ−シクロヘキシル)フェニル2−(4−イソブチル−フェニル)−プロピオネート、3−(2−ジメチルアミノメチル−1−ヒドロキシ−シクロヘキシル)フェニル2−(6−メトキシ−ナフタレン−2−イル)−プロピオネート、3−(2−ジメチルアミノ−メチル−シクロヘキ−1−セニル)−フェニル2−(4−イソブチル−フェニル)−プロピオネート、3−(2−ジメチルアミノメチル−シクロヘキ−1−セニル)−フェニル2−(6−メトキシ−ナフタレン−2−イル)−プロピオネート、(RR−SS)−2−アセトキシ−4−トリフルオロメチル−安息香酸3−(2−ジメチルアミノメチル−1−ヒドロキシ−シクロヘキシル)−フェニルエステル、(RR−SS)−2−ヒドロキシ−4−トリフルオロメチル−安息香酸3−(2−ジメチルアミノメチル−1−ヒドロキシ−シクロヘキシル)−フェニルエステル、(RR,SS)−4−クロロ−2−ヒドロキシ−安息香酸3−(2−ジメチルアミノメチル−1−ヒドロキシ−シクロヘキシル)−フェニルエステル、(RR−SS)−2−ヒドロキシ−4−メチル−安息香酸3−(2−ジメチルアミノ−メチル−1−ヒドロキシ−シクロヘキシル)−フェニルエステル、(RR−SS)−2−ヒドロキシ−4−メトキシ−安息香酸3−(2−ジメチルアミノメチル−1−ヒドロキシ−シクロヘキシル)−フェニルエステル、(RR−SS)−2−ヒドロキシ−5−ニトロ−安息香酸3−(2−ジメチルアミノメチル−1−ヒドロキシ−シクロヘキシル)−フェニルエステル、(RR−SS)−2’,4’−ジフルオロ−3−ヒドロキシ−ビフェニル−4−カルボン酸3−(2−ジメチルアミノメチル−1−ヒドロキシ−シクロヘキシル)−フェニルエステルおよび対応する立体異性体化合物、各場合の対応する誘導体、特にアミド、エステルまたはエーテルおよび各場合に生理学的に許容されうる化合物、特に塩および溶媒和物、特に好ましくは、塩酸塩を含む群から選択されるオピオイド、トランキライザーまたは別の麻薬の乱用を防止するのに極めて特に好適である。
The dosage form according to the present invention is N- {1- [2- (4-ethyl-5-oxo-2-tetrazolin-1-yl) ethyl] -4-methoxymethyl-4-piperidyl} propionanilide (alfentanil). ), 5,5-diallylbarbituric acid (allobarbital), allylprozin, alphaprozin, 8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H- [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] [1,4] -benzodiazepine (alprazolam), 2-diethylamino) propiophenone (amphetopramone), (±) -a-methyl-phenethylamine (amphetamine), 2- (a-methylphenethylamino) -2-phenylacetonitrile ( Amphetaminyl), 5-ethyl-5-isopentylbarbituric acid (amobarbital), anilidine Apocodeine, 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid (barbital), benzylmorphine, vegitramide, 7-bromo-5- (2-pyridyl) -1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2 (3H) -one (bromazepam), 2 -Bromo-4- (2-chlorophenyl) -9-methyl-6H-thieno [3,2-f]-[1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] [1,4] diazepine (brotizolam) 17-cyclopropylmethyl-4,5a-epoxy-7a [(S) -1-hydroxy-1,2,2-trimethyl-propyl] -6-methoxy-6,14-endo-ethanomorphinan-3- All (buprenorphine), 5-butyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid (butobarbital), butorphanol, (7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl) 2-Oxo-5-phenyl-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl) dimethylcarbamate (camazepam), (1S, 2S) -2-amino-1-phenyl-1-propanol (katine / D-nor Pseudoephedrine), 7-chloro-N-methyl-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ylamine 4-oxide (chlordiazepoxide), 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,5 -Benzodiazepine 2,4 (3H, 5H) -dione (clobazam), 5- (2-chlorophenyl) -7-nitro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2 (3H) -one (clonazepam), clonitazen, 7- Chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylic acid Razepate) 5- (2-Chlorophenyl) -7-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-thieno [2,3-e] [1,4] diazepin-2 (3H) -one (clothiazepam), 10-chloro-11b -(2-Chlorophenyl) -2,3,7,11b-tetrahydrooxazolo- [3,2-d] [1,4] benzodiazepin-6 (5H) -one (cloxazolam), (-)-methyl- [ 3β-benzoyloxy-2β (1aH, 5aH) -tropanecarboxylate] (cocaine), 4,5, a-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-7-morphinan-6a-ol (codeine), 5- ( 1-cyclohexenyl) -5-ethylbarbituric acid (cyclobarbital), cyclorphan, cyprenorphine (cyprenor) hine), 7-chloro-5- (2-chlorophenyl) -1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2 (3H) -one (delorazepam), desomorphine, dextromoramide, (+)-(1-benzyl-3- Dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-phenylpropyl) propionate (dextropropoxyphene), dezocine, diapromide, diamorphone, 7-chloro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2 (3H) -one (diazepam), 4,5a-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-6a-morphinanol (dihydrocodeine), 4,5α-epoxy-17-methyl-3,6a-morphinanediol ( Dihydromorphine), dimenoxadol, dimefeptanol, dimethyl Thiambutene, dioxaphetyl butyrate, dipipanone, (6aR, 10aR) -6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6a, 7,8,10a-tetrahydro-6H-benzo [c] chromene -1-ol (dronabinol), eptazocine, 8-chloro-6-phenyl-4H- [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine (estazolam), etoheptadine, ethylmethylthian Butene, ethyl [7-chloro-5- (2-fluorophenyl) -2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-3-carboxylate] (ethylloflazepate), 4,5α -Epoxy-3-ethoxy-17-methyl-7-morphinen-6α-ol (ethyl Chick), etnitazene, 4,5α-epoxy-7α- (1-hydroxy-1-methylbutyl) -6-methoxy-17-methyl-6,14-endo-etheno-morphinan-3-ol (etorphine), N- Ethyl-3-phenyl-8,9,10-trinorbornan-2-ylamine (phencamphamin), 7- [2- (α-methyl-phenethylamino) ethyl] -theophylline) (phenethylin), 3- (α -Methylphenethylamino) propionitrile (phenproporex), N- (1-phenethyl-4-piperidyl) propionanilide (fentanyl), 7-chloro-5- (2-fluorophenyl) -1-methyl-1H- 1,4-benzodiazepine-2 (3H) -one (fludiazepam), 5- (2-fluorophenyl) -1-me Ru-7-nitro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2 (3H) -one (flunitrazepam), 7-chloro-1- (2-diethylaminoethyl) -5- (2-fluorophenyl) -1H-1, 4-Benzodiazepine-2 (3H) -one (flurazepam), 7-chloro-5-phenyl-1- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) -1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2 (3H) -one (Harazepam), 10-bromo-11b- (2-fluorophenyl) -2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro [1,3] oxazolyl [3,2-d] [1,4] benzodiazepine-6 (5H) -One (haloxazolam), heroin, 4,5α-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-6-morphinanone (hydrocodone), 4,5α-epoxy-3-hydroxy- 7-methyl-6-morphinanone (hydromorphone), hydroxypetidin, isomethadone, hydroxymethylmorphinan, 11-chloro-8,12b-dihydro-2,8-dimethyl-12b-phenyl-4H- [1,3] oxazino [ 3,2-d] [1,4] benzodiazepine-4,7 (6H) -dione (ketazolam), 1- [4- (3-hydroxyphenyl) -1-methyl-4-piperidyl] -1-propanone ( Ketobemidone), (3S, 6S) -6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenylheptan-3-yl acetate (levacetyl mesador (LAAM)), (-)-6-dimethyl-amino-4,4-di Phenol-3-heptanone (levomethadone), (−)-17-methyl-3-morphinanol (levorphanol), levofe Sylmorphane, lofentanyl, 6- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (4-methyl-1-piperazinylmethylene) -8-nitro-2H-imidazo [1,2-a] [1,4] -benzodiazepine 1 (4H) -one (loprazolam), 7-chloro-5- (2-chlorophenyl) -3-hydroxy-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2 (3H) -one (lorazepam), 7-chloro-5- (2-Chlorophenyl) -3-hydroxy-1-methyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2 (3H) -one (lormetazepam), 5- (4-chlorophenyl) -2,5-dihydro-3H-imidazo [ 2,1-a] isoindole-5-ol (mazindol), 7-chloro-2,3-dihydro-1-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiaze Pin (medazepam), N- (3-chloropropyl) -α-methylphenethylamine (mefenolex), meperidine, 2-methyl-2-propyltrimethylene dicarbamate (meprobamate), meptazinol, metazocine, methylmorphine, N, α- Dimethylphenethylamine (methamphetamine), (±) -6-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-heptanone (methadone), 2-methyl-3-o-toluyl-4 (3H) -quinazolinone (metacaron), methyl [ 2-Phenyl-2- (2-piperidyl) acetate] (methylphenidate), 5-ethyl-1-methyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid (methylphenobarbital), 3,3-diethyl-5-methyl-2 , 4-piperidinedione (methiprilone), methopone, 8-c Rho-6- (2-fluorophenyl) -1-methyl-4H-imidazo [1,5-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine (midazolam), 2- (benzhydrylsulfinyl) -acetamide (modafinil), 4 , 5α-epoxy-17-methyl-7-morphinan-3,6α-diol (morphine), myrophine, (±) -trans-3- (1,1-dimethylheptyl) -7,8,10, 10α-tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-6H-dibenzo [-b, d] pyran-9 (6αH) -one (nabilone), nalbuphine, nalorphine, narcein, nicomorphine, 1-methyl-7-nitro -5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2 (3H) -one (Nimetazepam), 7-nitro-5-pheny -1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2- (3H) -one (nitrazepam), 7-chloro-5-phenyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2 (3H) -one (nordazepam), norlevolphanol, 6-Dimethylamino-4,4-diphenyl-3-hexanone (normesadone), normorphine, norpipanone, plant exudate (opium) belonging to the species of Papaver somniferum, 7-chloro-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl- 1H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2 (3H) -one (oxazepam), (cis-trans) -10-chloro-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydro-2-methyl-11b-phenyloxazolo [3 2-d] [1,4] benzodiazepin-6- (5H) -one (oxazolam), 4,5α Epoxy-14-hydroxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl-6-morphinanone (oxycodone), oxymorphone, plants and plant parts belonging to the (Papaver soniferum) species (including subspecies of Atsugeshikashi (settigerum)), 2-Imino-5-phenyl-4-oxazolidinone (pernoline), 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-6,11-dimethyl-3- (3-methyl-2-butenyl)- 2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-8-ol (pentazocine), 5-ethyl-5- (1-methylbutyl) -barbituric acid (pentobarbital), ethyl (1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-piperidine) Carboxylate) (pethidine), phenadoxone, phenomorpha Phenazosin, phenoperidine, pinomidine, forcodine, 3-methyl-2-phenylmorpholine (phenmetrazine), 5-ethyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid (phenobarbital), α, α-dimethylphenethylamine (phentermine), 7 -Chloro-5-phenyl-1- (2-propynyl) -1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2 (3H) -one (pinazepam), α- (2-piperidyl) benzhydryl alcohol (pipradolol), 1 ′ -(3-cyano-3,3-diphenylpropyl) [1,4'-bipiperidine] -4'-carboxamide (pyritramide), 7-chloro-1- (cyclopropylmethyl) -5-phenyl-1H-1, 4-Benzodiazepine-2 (3H) -one (prazepam), Profador, Proheptadine , Promedol, properidine, propoxyphene, N- (1-methyl-2-piperidinoethyl) -N- (2-pyridyl) propionamide, methyl {3- [4-methoxycarbonyl-4- (N-phenylpropane) Amido) piperidino] propanoate} (remifentanil), 5-sec-butyl-5-ethylbarbituric acid (secbutabarbital), 5-allyl-5- (1-methylbutyl) -barbituric acid (secobarbital), N -{4-Methoxymethyl-1- [2- (2-thienyl) ethyl] -4-piperidyl} -propionanilide (sufentanyl), 7-chloro-2-hydroxy-methyl-5-phenyl-1H-1,4 -Benzodiazepine-2 (3H) -one (temazepam), 7-chloro-5- (1- Chlohexenyl) -1-methyl-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2 (3H) -one (tetrazepam), ethyl (2-dimethylamino-1-phenyl-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate) (tyridine (cis And trans)), tramadol, 8-chloro-6- (2-chlorophenyl) -1-methyl-4H- [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine (triazolam), 5- (1-methylbutyl) -5-vinylbarbituric acid (vinylbital), (1R, 2R) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) -phenol, (1R, 2R) , 4S) -2- (dimethylamino) methyl-4- (p-fluorobenzyloxy) -1- (m-methoxyphenyl) cyclohexano (1R, 2R) -3- (2-dimethylamino-methylcyclohexyl) phenol, (1R, 2S) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) phenol, (2R, 3R) -1-dimethylamino-3 (3-methoxyphenyl) -2-methyl-pentane-3-ol, (1RS, 3RS, 6RS) -6-dimethylaminomethyl-1- (3-methoxyphenyl) -
本発明に係る剤形は、特に、オキシコドン、ヒドロモルヒネ、モルヒネ、トラマドールおよび生理学的に許容されうる誘導体または化合物、好ましくは、塩および溶媒和物、好ましくは、塩酸塩を含む群から選択されるオピオイド作用成分の乱用を防止するのに好適である。 The dosage form according to the invention is in particular selected from the group comprising oxycodone, hydromorphine, morphine, tramadol and physiologically acceptable derivatives or compounds, preferably salts and solvates, preferably hydrochloride. Suitable for preventing abuse of opioid active ingredients.
本発明に係る剤形は、さらに特に、(1R,2R)−3−(3−ジメチルアミノ−1−エチル−2−メチル−プロピル)−フェノール、(2R、3R)−1−ジメチルアミノ−3−(3−メトキシ−フェニル)−2−メチル−ペンタン−3−オール、(1RS,3RS,6RS)−6−ジメチルアミノメチル−1−(3−メトキシ−フェニル)−シクロヘキサン−1,3−ジオール、(1R,2R)−3−(2−ジメチルアミノエチル−シクロヘキシル)−フェノール、生理学的に許容されうる塩、好ましくは、塩酸塩、生理学的に許容されうるエナンチオマー、立体異性体、ジアステレオマーおよびラセミ体ならびに生理学的に許容されうる誘導体、好ましくは、エーテル、エステルまたはアミドを含む群から選択されるオピオイド作用成分の乱用を防止するのに好適である。 The dosage forms according to the invention are more particularly (1R, 2R) -3- (3-dimethylamino-1-ethyl-2-methyl-propyl) -phenol, (2R, 3R) -1-dimethylamino-3. -(3-Methoxy-phenyl) -2-methyl-pentan-3-ol, (1RS, 3RS, 6RS) -6-dimethylaminomethyl-1- (3-methoxy-phenyl) -cyclohexane-1,3-diol , (1R, 2R) -3- (2-dimethylaminoethyl-cyclohexyl) -phenol, physiologically acceptable salt, preferably hydrochloride, physiologically acceptable enantiomer, stereoisomer, diastereomer And racemates and physiologically acceptable derivatives, preferably opioid acting compounds selected from the group comprising ethers, esters or amides. It is suitable to prevent abuse.
これらの化合物およびそれらを製造する方法は欧州特許出願公開第693475号明細書または欧州特許出願公開第780369号明細書に記載されている。これらの記載はここに引用することで本明細書の記載の一部をなすものとする。 These compounds and methods for producing them are described in EP-A-69475 or EP-A-780369. These descriptions are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
本発明に係る剤形の必要な破壊強度を達成するためには、本願に開示する方法を使用して測定するとき、少なくとも500Nの破壊強度を有する少なくとも1種の合成または天然ポリマー(C)を使用する。ポリアルキレンオキシド、好ましくは、ポリメチレンオキシド、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリプロピレンオキシドや、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリカーボネート、ポリスチレン、ポリアクリレート、それらのコポリマーおよび記載したポリマーの少なくとも2つの混合物を含む群から選択される少なくとも1種のポリマーを好ましくはこの目的に使用する。高分子量熱可塑性ポリアルキレンオキシドが好ましい。レオロジー測定で測定したとき、少なくとも50万、好ましくは少なくとも100万〜150万の分子量を有する高分子量ポリエチレンオキシドが特に好ましい。これらのポリマーは、モデルRVF Brookfield粘度計(viscosimeter)(スピンドルno.2/回転速度2rpm)を使用して5重量%の水溶液で測定するとき、25℃において4500〜17600cPの粘度を有し、記載した粘度計(スピンドルno.1または3/回転速度10rpm)を使用して2重量%の水溶液で測定するとき、400〜4000cPの粘度を有し、記載した粘度計(スピンドルno.2/回転速度2rpm)を使用して1重量%の水溶液で測定するとき、1650〜10000cPの粘度を有する。 In order to achieve the required breaking strength of the dosage form according to the present invention, at least one synthetic or natural polymer (C) having a breaking strength of at least 500 N, as measured using the method disclosed herein, is used. use. Polyalkylene oxide, preferably selected from the group comprising polymethylene oxide, polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyacrylate, copolymers thereof and mixtures of at least two of the polymers mentioned At least one polymer is preferably used for this purpose. High molecular weight thermoplastic polyalkylene oxide is preferred. High molecular weight polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight of at least 500,000, preferably at least 1,000,000 to 1,500,000, as measured by rheological measurements, is particularly preferred. These polymers have viscosities of 4500-17600 cP at 25 ° C. when measured in a 5 wt% aqueous solution using a model RVF Brookfield viscometer (spindle no. 2 / rotation speed 2 rpm). Having a viscosity of 400-4000 cP when measured with a 2% by weight aqueous solution using a viscometer (spindle no. 1 or 3 / rotation speed 10 rpm) Having a viscosity of 1650-10000 cP when measured with a 1% by weight aqueous solution using 2 rpm).
ポリマーは、好ましくは、粉末形態で使用される。それらは水に可溶性であってもよい。 The polymer is preferably used in powder form. They may be soluble in water.
本発明に係る剤形の必要な破壊強度を達成するためには、本願に開示する方法を使用して測定するとき、少なくとも500Nの破壊強度を有する少なくとも1種の天然または合成ワックスを追加として使用することがさらに可能である。少なくとも60℃の軟化点を有するワックスが好ましい。カルナウバワックスおよびミツロウが特に好ましい。カルナウバワックスは極めて特に好ましい。カルナウバワックスは、カルナウバパームの葉から得られ、少なくとも80℃の軟化点を有する天然ワックスである。ワックス成分が追加として使用される場合には、剤形が少なくとも500Nの破壊強度を有する量の少なくとも1種のポリマー(C)と共に使用される。 In order to achieve the required breaking strength of the dosage form according to the invention, additionally using at least one natural or synthetic wax having a breaking strength of at least 500 N when measured using the method disclosed herein. It is further possible to do. Waxes having a softening point of at least 60 ° C. are preferred. Carnauba wax and beeswax are particularly preferred. Carnauba wax is very particularly preferred. Carnauba wax is a natural wax obtained from the leaves of carnauba palm and having a softening point of at least 80 ° C. If a wax component is used in addition, the dosage form is used with at least one polymer (C) in an amount having a breaking strength of at least 500N.
成分(C)は、好ましくは、剤形の総重量に対して20〜99.9重量%、特に好ましくは少なくとも30重量%、極めて特に好ましくは、少なくとも40重量%の量が使用される。 Component (C) is preferably used in an amount of 20 to 99.9% by weight, particularly preferably at least 30% by weight, very particularly preferably at least 40% by weight, based on the total weight of the dosage form.
使用することができる補助物質(B)は、固体剤形の製剤化に従来的である公知の補助物質である。これらは、好ましくは、ポリエチレングリコールなどの可塑剤、作用成分の放出に影響を与える補助物質、好ましくは、疎水性または親水性、好ましくは、親水性ポリマー、極めて特に好ましくは、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロースおよび/または抗酸化剤である。好適な抗酸化剤はアスコルビン酸、ブチルヒドロキシアニソール、ブチルヒドロキシトルエン、アスコルビン酸の塩、モノチオグリセロール、亜リン酸、ビタミンC、ビタミンEおよびその誘導体、亜硫酸水素ナトリウム、特に好ましくは、ブチルヒドロキシトルエン(BHT)またはブチルヒドロキシアニソール(BHA)およびα−トコフェロールである。 The auxiliary substances (B) which can be used are known auxiliary substances which are conventional for the preparation of solid dosage forms. These are preferably plasticizers such as polyethylene glycol, auxiliary substances which influence the release of the active ingredient, preferably hydrophobic or hydrophilic, preferably hydrophilic polymers, very particularly preferably hydroxypropylcellulose and / or Or an antioxidant. Suitable antioxidants are ascorbic acid, butylhydroxyanisole, butylhydroxytoluene, salts of ascorbic acid, monothioglycerol, phosphorous acid, vitamin C, vitamin E and derivatives thereof, sodium bisulfite, particularly preferably butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) or butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) and α-tocopherol.
抗酸化剤は、好ましくは、剤形の総重量に対して0.01〜10重量%、好ましくは、0.03〜5重量%の量が使用される。 Antioxidants are preferably used in an amount of 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.03 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the dosage form.
本発明に係る剤形は、それらの硬さにより、例えば、乳鉢および乳棒で粉にすることによって粉砕することができないという点において識別される。これは、経口または非経口、特に静脈内または鼻腔経由の乱用を実質的に阻止する。しかし、本発明に係る剤形の任意の可能な乱用を防止するために、本発明に係る剤形は、好ましい実施態様において、補助物質(B)として乱用を困難または防止するさらに別の物質を含有することができる。 The dosage forms according to the invention are distinguished by their hardness in that they cannot be pulverized, for example by pulverizing them with a mortar and pestle. This substantially prevents abuse, orally or parenterally, especially intravenously or via the nasal passages. However, in order to prevent any possible abuse of the dosage form according to the present invention, the dosage form according to the present invention, in a preferred embodiment, contains, as an auxiliary substance (B), another substance that makes abuse difficult or prevented. Can be contained.
乱用の可能性のある1種又は複数の作用成分とは別に、少なくとも1種の硬化ポリマー(C)および必要に応じて少なくとも1種のワックス(D)を含む本発明の乱用防止剤形は、従って、補助物質(B)として以下の成分(a)〜(e)の少なくとも1つを含んでもよい。
(a)鼻腔および/または咽頭を刺激する少なくとも1種の物質、
(b)必要最小量の水性液体の助けにより、剤形から得られる抽出物とゲルを形成する少なくとも1種の粘度上昇剤であって、ゲルは、好ましくは、さらなる量の水性液体に導入されるとき、視覚的に識別可能である粘度上昇剤、
(c)乱用の可能性のある作用成分の各々の少なくとも1種のアンタゴニスト、
(d)少なくとも1種の催吐剤、
(e)嫌悪剤としての少なくとも1種の染料、
(f)少なくとも1種の苦味物質。
Apart from one or more active ingredients that may be abused, the abuse-preventing dosage form of the invention comprising at least one cured polymer (C) and optionally at least one wax (D), Accordingly, the auxiliary substance (B) may contain at least one of the following components (a) to (e).
(A) at least one substance that stimulates the nasal cavity and / or pharynx,
(B) at least one viscosity-increasing agent that forms a gel with the extract obtained from the dosage form with the help of the minimum amount of aqueous liquid, the gel preferably being introduced into a further amount of aqueous liquid. A viscosity-increasing agent that is visually identifiable,
(C) at least one antagonist of each of the potentially abused active ingredients,
(D) at least one emetic,
(E) at least one dye as an aversive agent;
(F) at least one bitter substance;
成分(a)〜(f)は、本発明に係る剤形を乱用防止にするのに追加として各々独立に好適である。従って、成分(a)は、好ましくは、鼻腔、経口および/または非経口、好ましくは、静脈経由の乱用から剤形を防御するのに好適であり、成分(b)は、好ましくは、非経口、特に好ましくは、静脈内および/または鼻腔経由の乱用から防御するのに好適であり、成分(c)は、好ましくは、鼻腔および/または非経口、特に好ましくは、静脈内経由の乱用から防御するのに好適であり、成分(d)は、好ましくは、非経口、特に好ましくは、静脈内および/または経口および/または鼻腔経由の乱用から防御するのに好適であり、成分(e)は経口または非経口経由の乱用に対する視覚的な妨害物として好適であり、成分(f)は経口または鼻腔経由の乱用から防御するのに好適である。上記の成分の少なくとも1つの本発明による併用使用は、本発明に係る剤形の乱用のよりさらに効果的な防止を可能にする。 Ingredients (a) to (f) are each independently suitable additionally in order to prevent abuse of the dosage form according to the invention. Accordingly, component (a) is preferably suitable for protecting the dosage form from nasal, oral and / or parenteral, preferably intravenous abuse, and component (b) is preferably parenteral Particularly preferably suitable for protecting against abuses via intravenous and / or nasal passages, component (c) preferably protecting against nasal and / or parenteral, particularly preferably via intravenous abuse. Component (d) is preferably parenterally, particularly preferably suitable for protecting against intravenous and / or oral and / or nasal abuse, and component (e) is Suitable as a visual hindrance to abuse via oral or parenteral, component (f) is preferred to protect against abuse via oral or nasal passages. The combined use according to the invention of at least one of the above components makes it possible to more effectively prevent the abuse of the dosage form according to the invention.
一実施態様において、本発明に係る剤形は、成分(a)〜(f)の2つ以上の組み合わせ、好ましくは、(a)、(b)および必要に応じて(c)および/または(f)および/または(e)または(a)、(b)および必要に応じて(d)および/または(f)および/または(e)を含んでもよい。 In one embodiment, the dosage form according to the invention comprises a combination of two or more of components (a) to (f), preferably (a), (b) and optionally (c) and / or ( f) and / or (e) or (a), (b) and optionally (d) and / or (f) and / or (e).
別の実施態様において、本発明に係る剤形は、成分(a)〜(f)の全てを含んでもよい。 In another embodiment, the dosage form according to the present invention may comprise all of components (a) to (f).
本発明に係る剤形が、乱用に対抗するために成分(a)を含む場合には、本発明により考慮されうる鼻腔および/または咽頭を刺激する物質は、鼻腔および/または咽頭経由で投与されると、乱用者にとってあまりにも不快なので、投与を継続したいと思わないもしくは投与を継続することができない身体的な反応、例えば、灼熱感を生ずる、または例えば、鼻分泌物もしくはくしゃみの増加により対応する作用成分の摂取を生理学的にしたくなくなる任意の物質である。従来鼻腔および/または咽頭を刺激するこれらの物質はまた、非経口的、特に静脈内投与されると極めて不快な感覚または場合によっては耐えられない痛みを生じることがあり、乱用者は物質の摂取を継続しなくなくなるまたは継続できない。 If the dosage form according to the invention contains component (a) to combat abuse, the substances that stimulate the nasal cavity and / or pharynx that can be considered according to the invention are administered via the nasal cavity and / or pharynx. So it is too uncomfortable for the abuser and does not want to continue or can not continue, causing a physical reaction, such as a burning sensation, or responding, for example, to increased nasal secretions or sneezing Any substance that does not want to be physiologically ingested. These substances that traditionally irritate the nasal cavity and / or pharynx can also cause extremely unpleasant sensations or even intolerable pain when administered parenterally, especially intravenously, and abusers can ingest the substance. Will not continue or will not continue.
鼻腔および/または咽頭を刺激する特に好適な物質は、灼熱、掻痒、くしゃみの促し、分泌物形成の増加またはこれらの刺激の少なくとも2つの組み合わせを生ずるものである。従来使用される適当な物質および量は当業者に公知であるかまたは簡単な予備試験によって同定することができる。 Particularly suitable substances that stimulate the nasal cavity and / or pharynx are those that cause burning, itching, sneezing, increased secretion formation, or a combination of at least two of these stimuli. Appropriate materials and amounts conventionally used are known to those skilled in the art or can be identified by simple preliminary tests.
鼻腔および/または咽頭を刺激する成分(a)の物質は、好ましくは、少なくとも1種のホット物質薬物の1つ以上の成分または1つ以上の植物部分に基づいている。 The substance of component (a) that stimulates the nasal cavity and / or pharynx is preferably based on one or more components or one or more plant parts of at least one hot substance drug.
対応するホット物質薬物は当業者に公知であり、例えば、Prof.Dr.Hildebert Wagnerによる「Pharmazeutishe Biologie−Drogen und ihre Inhaltsstoffe」、第2改訂版、Gustav Fisher Verlag,Stuttgart−New York,1982,ページ82以下参照に記載されている。対応する記載はここに引用することで本明細書の記載の一部をなすものとする。 Corresponding hot substance drugs are known to the person skilled in the art, for example see Prof. Dr. See “Pharmaceutical Biology—Drogen und ihr Inhalsstoffe” by Hilbert Wagner, Second Revised, Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart-New York, 1982, page 82 et seq. The corresponding description is hereby incorporated by reference.
剤形単位は、例えば、錠剤またはカプセルなどの別個のまたは分離可能な剤形単位を意味すると考えられる。 Dosage unit is considered to mean a separate or separable dosage unit such as, for example, a tablet or capsule.
Allii sativi bulbus(ニンニク)、Asari rhizoma cum herba(アサルム(Asarum)根および葉)、ショウブ(Calami)根茎(ショウブ根)、Capsici fructus(トウガラシ)、Capsici fructus acer(カイエンペッパー)、Curcumae longae rhizoma(ウコン根)、Curcumae xanthorrhizae rhizoma(ジャワウコン根)、Galangae rhizoma(ガランガル根)、Myristicae semen(ナツメグ)、Piperis nigri fructus(コショウ)、Sinapis albae semen(白カラシ種)、Sinapis nigri semen(黒カラシ種)、Zeroariae rhizoma(zeodoary根)およびZingiberis rhizoma(ショウガ根)、特に好ましくは、Capsici fructus(トウガラシ)、Capsici fructus acer(カイエンペッパー)およびPiperis nigri fructus(コショウ)を含む群から選択される少なくとも1種のホット物質薬物の1つ以上の成分を、好ましくは、本発明に係る剤形に成分(a)として添加することができる。 Allii sativi bulbus (garlic), Asari rhizoma cum herba (Asalum roots and leaves), shoal (Calami) rhizome (capsicum), capsicum ruperum, capsicum Root), Curcumae xanthorrhizae rhizoma (Java turmeric root), Galangae rhizoma (Galangal root), Myristicae semen (Nutmeg), Piperis nigri fructus (Cola) Rashi species), Zeroariae rhizoma (zeodoary root) and Zingiberis rhizoma (ginger root), particularly preferably Capsici fructus, Capsici fructus acer and i. One or more components of one hot substance drug can preferably be added as component (a) to the dosage form according to the invention.
ホット物質薬物の成分は、好ましくは、o−メトキシ(メチル)フェノール化合物、酸アミド化合物、からし油もしくはスルフィド化合物であるかまたはそれら由来の化合物を含む。 The components of the hot substance drug are preferably o-methoxy (methyl) phenol compounds, acid amide compounds, mustard oil or sulfide compounds or comprise compounds derived therefrom.
特に好ましくは、ホット物質薬物の少なくとも1つの成分は、好ましくは、非−揮発性からし油に基づいた、特に好ましくは、p−ヒドロキシベンジルからし油、メチルメルカプトからし油またはメチルスルホニルからし油に基づいた、ミリスチシン、エレミシン、イソオイゲノール、β−アサロン、サフロール、ジンジェロール、キサントリゾール、カプサイシノイド、好ましくは、カプサイシン、N−バニリル−9E−オクタデセンアミド、ジヒドロカプサイシン、ノルジヒドロカプサイシン、ホモカプサイシン、ノルカプサイシンおよびノモルカプサイシンなどのカプサイシン誘導体、ピペリン、好ましくは、トランス−ピペリン、グルコシノレート、およびこれらの成分由来の化合物を含む群から選択される。 Particularly preferably, at least one component of the hot substance drug is preferably based on non-volatile mustard oil, particularly preferably p-hydroxybenzyl mustard oil, methyl mercapto mustard oil or methylsulfonyl. Oil-based myristicin, elemicin, isoeugenol, β-asarone, safrole, gingerol, xanthorizole, capsaicinoid, preferably capsaicin, N-vanillyl-9E-octadesenamide, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin , Capsaicin derivatives such as norcapsaicin and nomorcapsaicin, piperine, preferably trans-piperine, glucosinolate, and compounds derived from these components.
本発明に係る剤形は、剤形単位の総重量に対して、各々の場合において、好ましくは、0.01〜30重量%、特に好ましくは、0.1〜0.5重量%の量の対応するホット物質薬物の植物を含有してもよい。 The dosage form according to the invention is preferably in each case in an amount of 0.01 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the dosage unit. It may contain plants of corresponding hot substance drugs.
対応するホット物質薬物の1つ以上の成分を使用する場合には、本発明に係る剤形単位における量は、好ましくは、剤形単位の総重量に対して0.001〜0.005重量%の量である。 When using one or more components of the corresponding hot substance drug, the amount in the dosage unit according to the invention is preferably 0.001 to 0.005% by weight, based on the total weight of the dosage unit Is the amount.
本発明に係る剤形の乱用を防止する別の選択肢は、必要最小量の水性液体の助けにより、剤形から得られる抽出物とゲルを形成し、ゲルは、安全に投与することが実質的に不可能であり、好ましくは、さらなる量の水性液体に導入されるとき、視覚的に識別可能である少なくとも1種の粘度上昇剤をさらに別の乱用防止成分(b)として添加することにある。 Another option to prevent abuse of the dosage form according to the present invention is to form a gel with the extract obtained from the dosage form with the help of the minimum amount of aqueous liquid, and the gel is substantially safe to administer. The addition of at least one viscosity-increasing agent that is visually distinguishable as a further anti-abuse component (b) when introduced into an additional amount of aqueous liquid. .
本発明の目的のために、実質的に識別可能は、必要最小量の水性液体の助けにより形成される作用成分−含有ゲルは、好ましくは、皮下注射針の助けにより、37℃においてさらなる量の水性液体に導入されると、実質的に不溶性で、粘着性となり、非経口、特に静脈内に安全に投与できる方法では容易に分散することができないことを意味する。物質は、好ましくは、少なくとも1分、好ましくは、少なくとも10分視覚的に識別可能になる。 For the purposes of the present invention, the active ingredient-containing gel formed with the aid of the minimum amount of aqueous liquid substantially distinguishable is preferably an additional amount at 37 ° C. with the aid of a hypodermic needle. When introduced into an aqueous liquid, it is substantially insoluble and sticky, meaning that it cannot be easily dispersed by methods that can be safely administered parenterally, particularly intravenously. The substance preferably becomes visually distinguishable for at least 1 minute, preferably at least 10 minutes.
抽出物の粘性の増加は、針の通過または注射をさらに困難にしまたは場合によっては不可能にする。ゲルが視覚的に識別可能である場合には、これは、さらなる量の水性液体への導入、例えば、注射による血液への導入時に得られるゲルは、最初は、粘着性の大きい糸状の形態であるが、小さい断片に破壊し、非経口、特に静脈内に安全に投与できるような方法では分散することができないまたは場合によって溶解することができないことを意味する。少なくとも1つの必要に応じて存在する成分(a)〜(e)との組み合わせにおいて、これは、追加として、不快な灼熱感、吐き気、悪臭および/または視覚的な抑止を生ずる。 Increasing the viscosity of the extract makes needle passage or injection more difficult or even impossible. If the gel is visually distinguishable, this means that the gel obtained upon introduction into an additional amount of aqueous liquid, for example into blood by injection, is initially in the form of a highly sticky thread. However, it means that it can be broken up into small pieces and cannot be dispersed or even dissolved in a manner that can be safely administered parenterally, particularly intravenously. In combination with at least one optionally present component (a)-(e), this additionally results in an unpleasant burning sensation, nausea, malodor and / or visual deterrence.
このようなゲルの静脈内投与は、乱用者の健康への重篤な害に関連する、血管の閉塞を生ずる可能性が高いと思われる。 Intravenous administration of such gels is likely to result in vascular occlusion, which is associated with severe harm to abuser health.
粘度上昇剤が成分(b)として本発明に係る剤形に使用するのに好適であるかどうかを証明するために、作用成分を粘度上昇剤と混合し、10mlの水に25℃において懸濁する。これが、上記の条件を満たすゲルを形成する場合には、対応する粘度上昇剤は、本発明に係る剤形の乱用を防止または回避するのに好適である。 In order to prove whether a viscosity-increasing agent is suitable for use in the dosage form according to the invention as component (b), the active ingredient is mixed with the viscosity-increasing agent and suspended in 10 ml of water at 25 ° C. To do. When this forms a gel that satisfies the above conditions, the corresponding viscosity-increasing agent is suitable for preventing or avoiding abuse of the dosage form according to the present invention.
成分(b)を本発明に係る剤形に添加する場合には、11重量%のカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムを含有する微結晶性セルロース(Avicel(登録商標)RC591)、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(Blanose(登録商標)、CMC−Na C300P(登録商標)、Frimulsion BLC−5(登録商標)、Tylose C300P(登録商標))、ポリアクリル酸(Carbopol(登録商標)980NF、Carbopol(登録商標)981)、イナゴマメ粉末(Cesagum(登録商標)LA−200、Cesagum(登録商標)LID/150、Cesagum(登録商標)LN−1)、柑橘類またはリンゴのペクチン(Cesapectin(登録商標)HM Medium Rapid Set)、ろう状のトウモロコシデンプン(C*Gel04201(登録商標))、アルギン酸ナトリウム(Frimulsion ALG(E401)(登録商標))、グァー粉末(Frimulsion BM(登録商標)、Polygum26/1−75(登録商標))、イオタ型カラギーン(Frimulsion D021(登録商標))、カラヤゴム、ゲラン(gellan)ゴム(Kelcogel F(登録商標)、Kekcogel LT100(登録商標)、ガラクトマンナン(Meyprogat150(登録商標))、タラ(tara)ビーン粉末(Polygum43/1(登録商標))、プロピレングリコールアルギネート(Protanal−Ester SD−LB(登録商標))、ヒアルロン酸ナトリウム、トラガカント、タラ(tara)ゴム(Vidogum SP200(登録商標))、発酵多糖ウェラン(welan)ゴム(K1A96)、キサンタンゴム(Xantural180(登録商標))を含む群から選択される1つ以上の粘度上昇剤を使用する。キサンタン(Xanthan)は特に好ましい。かっこ内に記載されている名称は、物質が市場で知られている商品名である。一般に、0.1〜20重量%、特に好ましくは、0.1〜15重量%の粘度上昇剤は、上記の条件を満たすのに十分である。 When component (b) is added to the dosage form according to the invention, microcrystalline cellulose containing 11% by weight sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Avicel® RC591), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Blanose®) , CMC-Na C300P (registered trademark), Frimulsion BLC-5 (registered trademark), Tylose C300P (registered trademark), polyacrylic acid (Carbopol (registered trademark) 980NF, Carbopol (registered trademark) 981), carob bean powder (Cesagum) (Registered trademark) LA-200, Cesagum (registered trademark) LID / 150, Cesagum (registered trademark) LN-1), citrus or apple pectin (Cesapectin (registered trademark) HM Medium Ra) pid Set), waxy corn starch (C * Gel04201 (registered trademark)), sodium alginate (Frimulsion ALG (E401) (registered trademark)), Guar powder (Frimulsion BM (registered trademark), Polygum 26 / 1-75 (registered trademark) Trademark)), iota type carrageen (Frimulsion D021 (registered trademark)), Karaya gum, gellan rubber (Kelcogel F (registered trademark), Kekcogel LT100 (registered trademark), galactomann 150 (registered trademark)), cod ( tara bean powder (Polygum 43/1 (registered trademark)), propylene glycol alginate (Protanal-Ester SD-LB (registered trademark)), sodium hyaluronate One or more viscosities selected from the group comprising um, tragacanth, tara gum (Vidogum SP200®), fermented polysaccharides welan gum (K1A96), xanthan gum (Xantural 180®) Xanthan is particularly preferred The name given in parentheses is the trade name under which the substance is known on the market, generally 0.1 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight of the viscosity increasing agent is sufficient to satisfy the above conditions.
成分(b)の粘度上昇剤は、提供される場合には、好ましくは、剤形単位あたり、すなわち投与単位あたり≧5mgの量が本発明に係る剤形に存在する。 If provided, the viscosity-increasing agent of component (b) is preferably present in the dosage form according to the invention in an amount of ≧ 5 mg per dosage unit, ie per dosage unit.
本発明の特に好ましい実施態様において、成分(b)として使用される粘度上昇剤は、必要最小量の水性液体を用いて剤形から抽出時に、気泡を封入したゲルを形成するものである。得られるゲルは不透明な外観で識別され、乱用の可能性のある者に追加の視覚的な警告を与え、ゲルを非傾向的に投与する気をなくす。 In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the viscosity-increasing agent used as component (b) forms a gel enclosing air bubbles when extracted from the dosage form using the minimum amount of aqueous liquid. The resulting gel is identified with an opaque appearance, providing additional visual warnings to potential abusers and discouraging non-prone administration of the gel.
成分(c)も、必要に応じて、最小必要量の水性液体の助けにより、ゲルを形成する追加の粘度上昇剤として作用することができる。 Component (c) can also act as an additional viscosity-increasing agent to form a gel, if desired, with the aid of a minimum required amount of aqueous liquid.
粘度上昇剤および他の成分を本発明に係る剤形中で互いに空間的に離れた配列で製剤化することも可能である。 It is also possible to formulate the viscosity-increasing agent and other ingredients in a spatially separated arrangement in the dosage form according to the invention.
乱用を阻止および防止するために、本発明に係る剤形は、さらに、成分(c)、すなわち、好ましくは、本発明の剤形の残りの成分から空間的に離れており、適切に使用される場合には、任意の作用を発揮しない、乱用の可能性のある作用成分の1つ以上のアンタゴニストを含むことができる。 In order to prevent and prevent abuse, the dosage form according to the invention is further spatially separated from component (c), i.e. preferably the remaining components of the dosage form according to the invention, and is used appropriately. In some cases, one or more antagonists of potentially abused active ingredients that do not exert any action may be included.
作用成分の乱用を防止するのに好適なアンタゴニストは当業者に公知であり、本発明に係る剤形中で、対応する誘導体、特にエステルもしくはエーテルの形態または各々の場合において、生理学的に許容されうる化合物の形態、特に塩もしくは溶媒和物の形態で存在しうる。 Suitable antagonists for preventing abuse of the active ingredient are known to the person skilled in the art and are physiologically acceptable in the dosage forms according to the invention, in the form of the corresponding derivatives, in particular esters or ethers or in each case. It may exist in the form of a possible compound, in particular in the form of a salt or solvate.
剤形に存在する作用成分がオピオイドである場合には、使用されるアンタゴニストは、好ましくは、各々の場合において必要に応じて対応する生理学的に許容されうる化合物、特に塩基、塩または溶媒和物の形態のナロキソン、ナルトレキソン、ナルメフェン、ナリド(nalid)、ナルメクソン(nalmexone)、ナロルフィン、ナルフィン(naluphine)を含む群から選択される。対応するアンタゴニストは、成分(c)が提供される場合は、剤形あたり、すなわち投与単位あたり、好ましくは、≧1mgの量、特に好ましくは、3〜100mgの量、極めて特に好ましくは、5〜50mgの量が使用される。 Where the active ingredient present in the dosage form is an opioid, the antagonist used is preferably the corresponding physiologically acceptable compound, in particular a base, salt or solvate, as necessary in each case. In the form of naloxone, naltrexone, nalmefene, nalid, nalmexone, nalolphine, nalphine. The corresponding antagonist is preferably in an amount of ≧ 1 mg, particularly preferably in an amount of 3 to 100 mg, very particularly preferably in an amount of 5 to 100 mg per dosage form, ie per dosage unit, when component (c) is provided. An amount of 50 mg is used.
本発明に係る剤形が作用成分として覚醒剤を含む場合には、アンタゴニストは、好ましくは、神経遮断薬であり、好ましくは、ハロペリドール、プロメタジン、フルフェナジン、ペルフェナジン、レボメプロマジン、チオリダジン、ペラジン、クロルプロマジン、クロルプロチキシン(chlorprothixine)、ズクロペンチキソール、フルペンチキソール、プロチペンジル、ゾテピン、ベンペリドール、ピパンペロン、メルペロンおよびブロムペリドールからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの化合物である。 When the dosage form according to the present invention contains a stimulant as the active ingredient, the antagonist is preferably a neuroleptic, preferably haloperidol, promethazine, fluphenazine, perphenazine, levomepromazine, thioridazine, perazine, chlorpromazine, It is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of chlorprothixine, zuclopentixol, flupentixol, protipendil, zotepine, benperidol, pipamperon, melperone and bromperidol.
本発明に係る剤形は、好ましくは、当業者に公知の従来の治療量、特に好ましくは、投与単位あたり従来の用量の2〜4倍の量のこれらのアンタゴニストを含む。 The dosage forms according to the invention preferably comprise conventional therapeutic amounts known to those skilled in the art, particularly preferably 2 to 4 times the conventional dose per dosage unit of these antagonists.
本発明に係る剤形の乱用を阻止および防止する組み合わせが成分(d)を含む場合には、好ましくは、本発明に係る剤形の他の成分から空間的に離れた配置で存在し、適切に使用される場合には、生体内で作用を発揮することが意図されていない少なくとも1種の催吐剤を含むことができる。 When the combination that prevents and prevents abuse of the dosage form according to the present invention comprises component (d), it is preferably present in a spatially spaced arrangement from the other components of the dosage form according to the present invention, Can be used, it can contain at least one emetic that is not intended to exert its action in vivo.
作用成分の乱用を防止するのに好適な催吐剤は、当業者に公知であり、本発明に係る剤形中で、対応する誘導体、特にエステルもしくはエーテルの形態または各々の場合において、生理学的に許容されうる化合物の形態、特に塩もしくは溶媒和物の形態で存在しうる。 Suitable emetics for preventing abuse of the active ingredient are known to the person skilled in the art, and in the dosage forms according to the invention, in the form of the corresponding derivatives, in particular esters or ethers, or in each case physiologically It may exist in the form of an acceptable compound, particularly in the form of a salt or solvate.
トコンの一種または複数の成分、好ましくは、成分エメチンに基づいている催吐剤は、好ましくは、例えば、Prof.Dr.Hildebert Wagnerによる「Pharmazeutishe Biologie−Drogen und ihre Inhaltsstoffe」、第2改訂版、Gustav Fisher Verlag,Stuttgart−New York,1982に記載されているように、本発明に係る剤形において考慮することができる。この文献の記載はここに引用することで本明細書の記載の一部をなすものとする。 Emetics based on one or more components of Tocon, preferably the component emetine, are preferably described, for example, in Prof. Dr. As described in the invention as described in Hilbert Wagner, “Pharmaceutology Biology-Drogen und ihr Inhalsstoffe”, Second Revised, Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart-New York, 1982. The description of this document is incorporated herein by reference.
本発明に係る剤形は、剤形、すなわち投与単位あたり、好ましくは、≧3mg、特に好ましくは、≧10mgおよび極めて特に好ましくは、≧20mgの量の催吐性エメチンを成分(d)として含むことができる。 The dosage form according to the present invention comprises as component (d) an emetic emetine in an amount of preferably ≧ 3 mg, particularly preferably ≧ 10 mg and very particularly preferably ≧ 20 mg per dosage form, ie dosage unit. Can do.
アポモルヒネも同様に、投与単位あたり好ましくは、≧3mg、特に好ましくは、≧5mg、および極めて特に好ましくは、≧7mgの量が、本発明による乱用防止の際の催吐剤として好ましくは使用することができる。 Apomorphine is also preferably used as an emetic in the prevention of abuse according to the invention, preferably in an amount of ≧ 3 mg, particularly preferably ≧ 5 mg, and very particularly preferably ≧ 7 mg per dosage unit. it can.
本発明に係る剤形がさらに別の乱用防止補助物質として成分(e)を含有する場合には、このような染料の使用は、特に非経口、好ましくは、静脈内投与のために作用成分を抽出しようとすると、強烈な発色の対応する水溶液を生じ、発色は乱用の可能性のある者に対する抑止物として作用することができる。従来、作用成分の水性抽出によって開始される経口経由による乱用もこの発色によって防止することができる。必要な抑止に必要な好適な染料および量は国際公開第03/015531号パンフレットに見出すことができ、この記載はここに引用することで本明細書の記載の一部をなすものとする。 If the dosage form according to the invention contains component (e) as a further substance for preventing abuse, the use of such a dye is particularly useful for parenteral, preferably intravenous administration. Attempting to extract results in a corresponding aqueous solution of intense color development, which can act as a deterrent to potential abusers. Traditionally, abuse via the oral route initiated by aqueous extraction of the active ingredient can also be prevented by this color development. Suitable dyes and amounts necessary for the necessary deterrence can be found in WO 03/015531, the description of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
本発明に係る剤形がさらに別の乱用防止補助物質として成分(f)を含有する場合には、少なくとも1種の苦味物質のこの添加および結果として生じる剤形の風味の劣悪化は追加として経口および/または鼻腔経由の乱用を防止する。 If the dosage form according to the invention further contains component (f) as another abuse-preventing aid, this addition of at least one bitter substance and the resulting deterioration in the flavor of the dosage form is additionally oral. And / or prevent abuse through the nasal cavity.
好適な苦味物質および使用に有効な量は米国特許出願公開第2003/0064099号明細書に見出すことができ、この記載はここに引用することで本明細書の記載の一部をなすものとする。好適な苦味物質は、好ましくは、芳香油、好ましくは、ハッカ油、ユーカリ油、苦扁桃油、メントール、果実の芳香物質、好ましくは、レモン、オレンジ、ライム、グレープフルーツの芳香物質またはその混合物および/または安息香酸デナトニウム(Bitrex(登録商標))である。安息香酸デナトニウムが特に好ましい。 Suitable bitter substances and effective amounts for use can be found in US Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0064099, the description of which is hereby incorporated by reference. . Suitable bitter substances are preferably aromatic oils, preferably mint oil, eucalyptus oil, bitter tonsil oil, menthol, fruit fragrance, preferably lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit fragrance or mixtures thereof and / or Or, it is denatonium benzoate (Bitrex®). Particularly preferred is denatonium benzoate.
本発明による固体剤形は、経口、膣または直腸、好ましくは、経口摂取されるのに好適である。剤形は、好ましくは、フィルム形態でない。本発明に係る剤形は、好ましくは、経口投与のために、必要に応じてカプセルに充填されまたは錠剤に圧縮された、好ましくは、マイクロタブレット、マイクロカプセル、マイクロペレット、顆粒、スフェロイド、ビーズまたはペレットの形態の多粒子形態を取ってもよい。多粒子形態は、好ましくは、0.1〜3mmの範囲、特に好ましくは、0.5〜2mmの範囲のサイズまたはサイズ分布を有する。望ましい剤形に応じて、従来の補助物質(B)も必要に応じて剤形の製剤化に使用される。 The solid dosage form according to the invention is suitable for oral, vaginal or rectal, preferably ingestion. The dosage form is preferably not in film form. The dosage form according to the present invention is preferably filled into capsules or compressed into tablets as needed for oral administration, preferably microtablets, microcapsules, micropellets, granules, spheroids, beads or It may take a multiparticulate form in the form of pellets. The multiparticulate form preferably has a size or size distribution in the range of 0.1 to 3 mm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2 mm. Depending on the desired dosage form, conventional auxiliary substances (B) are also used to formulate the dosage form as needed.
本発明による固体の乱用防止剤形は、好ましくは、押出成形物の結果として生ずる観察可能な任意の変色を伴わない押出成形機による熱成形によって製造される。 The solid abuse-preventing dosage form according to the present invention is preferably produced by thermoforming with an extruder without any observable discoloration resulting from the extrudate.
この熱成形による変色の程度を検討するために、剤形を構成する出発要素の混合物の色を、例えば、着色顔料または本質的に着色している成分(例えば、α−トコフェロール)などの色−提供成分を添加しないで測定する。次いで、この組成物を本発明により熱成形し、押出成形物の冷却を含む全ての工程段階を不活性ガス雰囲気下で実施する。比較として、同じ組成物を、不活性ガス雰囲気を使用しないで同じ工程で製造する。出発組成物から本発明により製造される剤形および比較として製造される剤形の色を測定する。測定は、Munsell Color Company Baltimore,Maryland,USA社製の「Munsell Book of Color」,1996年版の助けにより実施する。本発明により熱成形される剤形の色は識別番号N9.5の色を有するが、最大限でも識別番号5Y9/1の色を有する場合には、熱成形は「変色なし」であると分類される。Munsell Book of Colorにより測定するとき、剤形が識別番号5Y9/2以上の色を有する場合には、熱成形は「変色あり」であると分類される。 In order to examine the degree of discoloration due to this thermoforming, the color of the mixture of starting elements constituting the dosage form is changed to a color such as, for example, a colored pigment or an essentially colored component (for example α-tocopherol) Measure without adding the provided ingredients. This composition is then thermoformed according to the present invention and all process steps including cooling of the extrudate are carried out under an inert gas atmosphere. For comparison, the same composition is produced in the same process without using an inert gas atmosphere. The color of the dosage form produced according to the invention from the starting composition and the dosage form produced as a comparison is determined. The measurements are carried out with the help of “Munsell Book of Color”, 1996, manufactured by Munsell Color Company Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The color of the dosage form thermoformed according to the present invention has the color with the identification number N9.5, but if it has the color with the identification number 5Y9 / 1 at most, the thermoforming is classified as “no discoloration”. Is done. When measured by Munsell Book of Color, if the dosage form has a color greater than or equal to identification number 5Y9 / 2, the thermoforming is classified as “discolored”.
驚くべきことに、製造工程全体が不活性ガス雰囲気下、好ましくは、熱成形のための押出成形機の助けにより窒素雰囲気下で実施される場合には、本発明に係る剤形は、上記の分類により分類される変色を示さない。 Surprisingly, if the entire production process is carried out under an inert gas atmosphere, preferably under a nitrogen atmosphere with the aid of an extruder for thermoforming, the dosage form according to the invention is as described above. Does not show discoloration classified by classification.
従って、本発明は、(z)成分(A)、(B)、(C)および任意に存在する成分(D)を混合するとともに、任意に存在する(a)〜(f)を同時混合するかまたは必要であれば成分(c)および任意の(D)の添加と共に別個に混合する工程と、(y)得られた混合物を、少なくとも成分(C)の軟化点まで押出成形機において加熱し、力を加えることによって押出成形機のアウトレット開口部を介して押出成形する工程と、(x)静止したプラスチック押出成形物をシンギュレートし(singulated)、剤形に成形する工程と、又は(w)冷却され且つ任意に再加熱されたシンギュレートされた押出成形物を剤形に成形する工程とを含み、工程(y)及び(x)並びに任意の工程(z)及び(w)が不活性ガス雰囲気、好ましくは、窒素雰囲気下で実施される、本発明に係る乱用防止剤形を製造する方法も提供する。 Accordingly, the present invention mixes (z) components (A), (B), (C) and optionally present component (D) and simultaneously mixes optionally present (a) to (f). Mixing separately with addition of component (c) and optional (D) if necessary, and (y) heating the resulting mixture at least to the softening point of component (C) in an extruder. Extruding through the outlet opening of the extruder by applying force; (x) singulating a static plastic extrudate and forming it into a dosage form; or (w) Forming a cooled and optionally reheated singulated extrudate into a dosage form, wherein steps (y) and (x) and optional steps (z) and (w) are inert gas atmospheres , Preferred Is carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere, also provides a method for producing a abuse prevention dosage form according to the present invention.
工程(z)による成分の混合も押出成形機内で進行してもよい。 Mixing of the components in step (z) may also proceed in the extruder.
成分(A)、(B)、(C)および任意の(D)、並びに任意に存在するさらに別の成分(a)〜(f)、並びに必要に応じて成分(C)および任意に存在する成分(D)の混合も、必要に応じて、当業者に既知のミキサー内で進行してもよい。ミキサーは、例えば、ロールミキサー、振とうミキサー、剪断ミキサーまたはコンパルソリーミキサーであってもよい。 Components (A), (B), (C) and any (D), and further optional further components (a) to (f), and optionally (C) and optionally present Mixing of component (D) may also proceed in a mixer known to those skilled in the art, if desired. The mixer may be, for example, a roll mixer, a shake mixer, a shear mixer or a compulsory mixer.
残りの成分とブレンドする前に、成分(C)および任意に存在する成分(D)に、好ましくは、本発明により、抗酸化剤を提供する。これは、2つの成分、(C)および抗酸化剤を混合することによって、好ましくは、揮発性の高い溶媒に抗酸化剤を溶解または懸濁し、この溶液または懸濁液に成分(C)および任意に存在する成分(D)を混合し、好ましくは、不活性ガス雰囲気下において乾燥することによって溶媒を除去することによっても進行することができる。 Before blending with the remaining components, component (C) and optionally present component (D) are preferably provided with an antioxidant according to the present invention. This is preferably by dissolving or suspending the antioxidant in a highly volatile solvent by mixing the two components, (C) and the antioxidant, into this solution or suspension. It can also proceed by mixing the optionally present component (D) and preferably removing the solvent by drying in an inert gas atmosphere.
乱用を防止または阻止するさらに別の補助物質と共にサブユニットを含有する本発明に係る剤形は、(z)による混合物を同時押出成形または別個に押出成形することによって製造することができる。 The dosage forms according to the invention containing subunits with further auxiliary substances which prevent or prevent abuse can be produced by coextrusion or separate extrusion of the mixture according to (z).
任意の事象において、少なくとも成分(C)の軟化点まで押出成形機において加熱した、好ましくは、融解した混合物を、少なくとも1つの穴を有するダイを介して押出成形機から押出成形する。 In any event, the heated, preferably molten, mixture in the extruder to at least the softening point of component (C) is extruded from the extruder through a die having at least one hole.
本発明の方法は、好ましくは、従来の押出成形機、特に好ましくは、1つまたは2つのスクリューを備えることができるスクリュー押出成形機を使用して実施される。 The process according to the invention is preferably carried out using a conventional extruder, particularly preferably a screw extruder which can be equipped with one or two screws.
押出成形機は、好ましくは、少なくとも2つの温度ゾーンを含み、供給ゾーンおよび必要に応じて混合ゾーンの下流の、少なくとも第1のゾーンに進行する成分(c)の軟化点に混合物を加熱する。混合物のスループットは、好ましくは、2.0kg〜8.0kg/hourである。 The extruder preferably includes at least two temperature zones and heats the mixture to the softening point of component (c) proceeding to at least the first zone, downstream of the feed zone and optionally the mixing zone. The throughput of the mixture is preferably 2.0 kg to 8.0 kg / hour.
少なくとも成分(C)の軟化点に加熱後、融解した混合物はスクリューの助けにより搬送され、さらにホモジナイズされ、押出成形機のダイから現れる直前に、5bar、好ましくは、少なくとも10barの最小圧力を示すように圧縮またはコンパクト化され、ダイが含む穴の数に応じて、押出成形された帯としてダイから押出成形される。ダイの形状または穴の形状は自由に選択可能である。ダイまたは穴は、従って、丸、長楕円または卵形の断面を示してもよく、丸の断面は、好ましくは、0.1mm〜15mmの径を有し、長楕円の断面は、好ましくは、最大縦長さ21mmおよび横長さ10mmを有する。好ましくは、ダイまたは穴は丸の断面を有する。本発明により使用される押出成形機のケーシングは加熱されてもまたは冷却されてもよい。対応する温度制御、すなわち加熱または冷却は、押出成形される混合物が、少なくとも成分(C)の軟化温度に対応する平均温度(生成物温度)を示し、処理される予定の乱用の可能性のある作用成分が損傷される可能性のある温度より上昇しないようにアレンジされる。好ましくは、押出成形される混合物の温度は180℃以下、好ましくは、150℃以下であるが、少なくとも成分(C)の軟化温度に調節される。 After heating to at least the softening point of component (C), the melted mixture is conveyed with the aid of a screw, is further homogenized and shows a minimum pressure of 5 bar, preferably at least 10 bar, just before emergence from the extruder die. Depending on the number of holes that the die contains, it is extruded from the die as an extruded band. The shape of the die or the shape of the hole can be freely selected. The die or hole may thus exhibit a round, oval or oval cross section, the round cross section preferably having a diameter of 0.1 mm to 15 mm, and the oval cross section preferably It has a maximum vertical length of 21 mm and a horizontal length of 10 mm. Preferably, the die or hole has a round cross section. The casing of the extruder used according to the present invention may be heated or cooled. Corresponding temperature control, i.e. heating or cooling, indicates that the mixture to be extruded exhibits an average temperature (product temperature) corresponding to at least the softening temperature of component (C) and may be abused to be processed. Arranged so that the active ingredient does not rise above the temperature at which it can be damaged. Preferably, the temperature of the extruded mixture is 180 ° C. or lower, preferably 150 ° C. or lower, but is adjusted to at least the softening temperature of component (C).
融解した混合物の押出成形および押出成形された帯状物の必要に応じた冷却後、押出成形物は、好ましくは、粉砕される。この粉砕は、好ましくは、リボルビングまたは回転式ナイフ、ウォータージェットカッター、ワイヤー、刃またはレーザーカッターの助けによって押出成形物を切断することによって実施することができる。 After extrusion of the molten mixture and optional cooling of the extruded strip, the extrudate is preferably ground. This grinding can preferably be carried out by cutting the extrudate with the aid of a revolving or rotary knife, a water jet cutter, a wire, a blade or a laser cutter.
不活性ガス雰囲気は、必要に応じてシンギュレートした押出成形物の中間もしくは最終保存または本発明に係る剤形の最終的な形状には必要ない。 An inert gas atmosphere is not required for intermediate or final storage of extrudates singulated as required or for the final shape of the dosage form according to the invention.
シンギュレートした押出成形物は、剤形に最終的な形状を与えるために、従来の方法でペレット化してもまたは錠剤にプレス−成形してもよい。しかし、押出成形された帯状物をシンギュレートしないで、外側スリーブに向かい合う窪みを含む反対に回転するカレンダーロールの助けにより、最終形状、好ましくは、錠剤に成形し、従来の方法によってシンギュレートすることも可能である。 The singulated extrudate may be pelletized by conventional methods or press-molded into tablets to give the dosage form the final shape. However, it is also possible to form the final shape, preferably into a tablet and singulate by conventional methods, with the help of counter-rotating calender rolls containing a recess facing the outer sleeve, without singulating the extruded strip It is.
必要に応じてシンギュレートした押出成形物をすぐに最終形状に成形するのではなく、保存のために冷却する場合には、保存期間後、不活性ガス雰囲気、好ましくは、窒素雰囲気を提供するべきであり、可塑化および最終的な形状化をして剤形を生じるまで、保存されていた押出成形物の加熱中維持するべきである。 If the extrudates singulated as needed are not immediately formed into a final shape but cooled for storage, an inert gas atmosphere, preferably a nitrogen atmosphere, should be provided after the storage period. Yes, and should be maintained during heating of the stored extrudate until plasticized and final shaped to produce a dosage form.
少なくとも可塑化した混合物への押出成形機内における力の適用は、押出成形機内の搬送装置の回転速度およびその形状を制御することによってならびに可塑化した混合物を押出成形するのに必要な圧力を、好ましくは、押出成形の直前に押出成形機内に集結するようにアウトレット開口部の寸法を決めることによって調節される。各特定の組成物にとって、少なくとも500Nの破壊強度を有する剤形を生ずるのに必要な押出成形パラメーターは簡単な予備試験によって確立することができる。 The application of force in the extruder at least to the plasticized mixture is preferably controlled by controlling the rotational speed of the conveying device in the extruder and its shape, as well as the pressure required to extrude the plasticized mixture. Is adjusted by sizing the outlet opening to collect in the extruder just prior to extrusion. For each specific composition, the extrusion parameters necessary to produce a dosage form having a breaking strength of at least 500 N can be established by simple preliminary tests.
さらに別の好ましい実施態様において、本発明に係る剤形は錠剤、カプセルの形態を取り、または好ましくは、少なくとも1つのさらに別の乱用防止成分(a)〜(f)も存在する場合には、経口浸透圧治療薬システム(oral osmotic therapeutic system)(OROS)の形態である。 In yet another preferred embodiment, the dosage form according to the present invention takes the form of a tablet, a capsule or, preferably, if at least one further abuse prevention component (a) to (f) is also present, It is in the form of an oral osmotic therapeutic system (OROS).
成分(c)および/または(d)および/または(f)が本発明に係る剤形に存在する場合には、適切に投与される場合には、成分は、患者または作用成分の有効性を損なう作用を実質的に生じないような方法で製剤化され、またはそのような低用量で存在することを確実にするように注意を払わなければならない。 When components (c) and / or (d) and / or (f) are present in a dosage form according to the present invention, the components, when properly administered, may indicate the effectiveness of the patient or active ingredient. Care must be taken to ensure that it is formulated in such a way as to produce substantially no detrimental effects, or is present at such low doses.
本発明に係る剤形が成分(d)および/または(f)を含有する場合には、剤形は、適切に経口投与される場合には、負の作用を生じないように選択されなければならない。しかし、剤形の意図されている用量が乱用時において超える場合には、悪心または嘔吐傾向または悪臭を生じる。適切な経口投与時において患者が耐えることができる成分(d)および/または(f)の特定の量は、簡単な予備試験によって当業者が決定することができる。 When the dosage form according to the present invention contains components (d) and / or (f), the dosage form must be selected so as not to have a negative effect when properly administered orally. Don't be. However, nausea or vomiting propensity or odor occurs when the intended dosage of the dosage form exceeds during abuse. The specific amount of components (d) and / or (f) that can be tolerated by the patient at the appropriate oral dose can be determined by a person skilled in the art by simple preliminary tests.
しかし、本発明に係る剤形が実質的に粉砕できないという事実に関係なく、成分(c)および/または(d)および/または(f)を含有する剤形がプロテクションと共に提供される場合には、これらの成分は、好ましくは、乱用により投与されると、乱用者に強烈な負の作用を生ずるのに十分に高い用量が使用されるべきである。これは、好ましくは、少なくとも作用成分を成分(c)および/または(d)および/または(f)から空間的に分離することによって達成され、作用成分は少なくとも1つのサブユニット(X)に存在し、成分(c)および/または(d)は少なくとも1つのサブユニット(Y)に存在し、剤形が適切に投与される場合には、成分(c)、(d)および(f)は摂取時および/または生体に作用を発揮せず、製剤の残りの成分、特に成分(C)および必要に応じて(D)は同一である。 However, regardless of the fact that the dosage form according to the present invention cannot be substantially pulverized, if a dosage form containing components (c) and / or (d) and / or (f) is provided with protection These components should preferably be used at doses high enough to produce a strong negative effect on the abuser when administered by abuse. This is preferably achieved by spatially separating at least the active ingredient from components (c) and / or (d) and / or (f), the active ingredient being present in at least one subunit (X) However, when components (c) and / or (d) are present in at least one subunit (Y) and the dosage form is properly administered, components (c), (d) and (f) are The remaining components of the formulation, especially component (C) and optionally (D) are the same when ingested and / or do not exert action on the body.
本発明に係る剤形が成分(c)および(d)または(f)の少なくとも2つを含む場合には、これらは各々同じまたは異なるサブユニット(Y)に存在してもよい。好ましくは、存在する場合には、成分(c)および(d)および(f)は全て1つの同じサブユニット(Y)に存在する。 If the dosage form according to the invention comprises at least two of components (c) and (d) or (f), these may each be present in the same or different subunit (Y). Preferably, when present, components (c) and (d) and (f) are all present in one and the same subunit (Y).
本発明の目的のために、サブユニットは固体製剤であり、各々の場合において、当業者に公知の従来の補助物質とは別に、作用成分、少なくとも1種のポリマー(C)および必要に応じて存在する成分(D)および必要に応じて、必要に応じて存在する成分(a)および/または(b)および/または(e)の少なくとも1つ、または各々の場合において、少なくとも1つのポリマー(C)および必要に応じて(D)およびアンタゴニストおよび/または催吐剤および/または成分(e)および/または成分(f)および必要に応じて、必要に応じて存在する成分(a)および/または(b)の少なくとも1つを含有する。サブユニットの各々が上記の方法により製剤化されることを確実にするように注意が払われるべきである。 For the purposes of the present invention, the subunit is a solid formulation, in each case, apart from the conventional auxiliary substances known to the person skilled in the art, the active ingredient, at least one polymer (C) and optionally Component (D) present and optionally component (a) and / or (b) and / or (e) present optionally, or in each case at least one polymer ( C) and optionally (D) and antagonists and / or emetics and / or component (e) and / or component (f) and optionally present component (a) and / or Contains at least one of (b). Care should be taken to ensure that each of the subunits is formulated by the method described above.
本発明に係る剤形のサブユニット(X)および(Y)において作用成分を成分(c)または(d)または(f)から分離した製剤の実質的な利点は、適切に投与される場合には、成分(c)および/または(d)および/または(f)は摂取時および/または生体内でほとんど放出されないまたは患者もしくは治療の成功を損なう影響を発揮しない程度の少量しか放出されない、または患者の生体を通過時に、十分に吸収されて有効にならない位置において遊離されるということである。剤形は適切に投与される場合には、成分(c)および/または(d)および/または(f)の好ましくはほとんどが患者の生体内に放出されない、または患者に気づかれない。 Substantial advantages of formulations in which the active ingredient is separated from component (c) or (d) or (f) in subunits (X) and (Y) of the dosage form according to the invention are that when properly administered Is released in small amounts such that components (c) and / or (d) and / or (f) are released little when ingested and / or in vivo or exert no adverse effect on the success of the patient or treatment, or When passing through the patient's body, it is released at a location that is not well absorbed and effective. If the dosage form is properly administered, preferably most of components (c) and / or (d) and / or (f) are not released into the patient's body or are not noticed by the patient.
上記の条件は使用する特定の成分(c)、(d)および/または(f)およびサブユニットまたは剤形の製剤化の関数として変化することがあることを当業者は理解している。特定の剤形の最適の製剤化は、単純な予備試験によって決定することができる。重要なことは、各サブユニットがポリマー(C)および必要に応じて成分(D)を含有し、上記の方法で製剤化されているということである。 One skilled in the art understands that the above conditions may vary as a function of the formulation of the particular component (c), (d) and / or (f) and subunit or dosage form used. Optimal formulation of a particular dosage form can be determined by simple preliminary testing. What is important is that each subunit contains polymer (C) and optionally component (D) and is formulated in the manner described above.
予想に反して、乱用者が、作用成分を乱用する目的のために、成分(c)および/または(e)および/または(d)および/または(f)をサブユニット(Y)に含む本発明によるこのような剤形の粉砕に成功し、好適な抽出剤で抽出される粉末を入手した場合には、作用成分だけでなく、特定の成分(c)および/または(e)および/または(f)および/または(d)が、作用成分から容易に分離することができない形態で得られ、いじられた剤形が特に経口および/または非経口投与によって投与されると、摂取時および/または生体内で、成分(c)および/または(d)および/または(f)に対応する追加の負の作用が合わさった作用を乱用者に発揮するか、または作用成分を抽出しようとすると、発色が抑止物として作用し、従って剤形の乱用を防止する。 Contrary to expectation, a book in which the abuser uses the component (c) and / or (e) and / or (d) and / or (f) in the subunit (Y) for the purpose of abuse of the active ingredient. If such a dosage form according to the invention is successfully ground and a powder is obtained which is extracted with a suitable extractant, not only the active ingredient but also the specific ingredients (c) and / or (e) and / or If (f) and / or (d) is obtained in a form that cannot be easily separated from the active ingredient, and the tampered dosage form is administered, in particular by oral and / or parenteral administration, Alternatively, in the living body, when an additional negative action corresponding to the components (c) and / or (d) and / or (f) is combined with the abuser or an attempt is made to extract the active component, Color development acts as a deterrent , Thus agents to prevent abuse of the form.
作用成分が、好ましくは、異なるサブユニットにおける製剤化によって成分(c)、(d)および/または(e)から空間的に分離されている本発明に係る剤形は多数の異なる方法で製剤化することができ、成分(c)および/または(d)の放出の上記の条件が満たされる限り、対応するサブユニットは各々、互いに対して任意の望ましい空間的配置で本発明に係る剤形内に存在することができる。 The dosage forms according to the invention in which the active ingredient is preferably spatially separated from components (c), (d) and / or (e) by formulation in different subunits are formulated in a number of different ways As long as the above conditions for the release of components (c) and / or (d) are met, the corresponding subunits are each in the dosage form according to the invention in any desired spatial arrangement relative to each other. Can exist.
適切な投与時においては乱用防止および作用成分の放出も製剤の性質によって妨害されず、ポリマー(C)および必要に応じて(D)が製剤に含まれ、必要な硬度を達成するために製剤化が上記の方法により実施される限り、必要に応じて存在してもよい成分(a)および/または(b)は、好ましくは、本発明に係る剤形内において特定のサブユニット(X)および(Y)においてならびにサブユニット(X)および(Y)に対応する個々のサブユニットの形態で製剤化することができることを当業者は理解している。 When properly administered, prevention of abuse and release of the active ingredient is not hindered by the nature of the formulation, and polymer (C) and optionally (D) are included in the formulation and formulated to achieve the required hardness Component (a) and / or (b) which may optionally be present as long as is carried out by the method described above, is preferably a specific subunit (X) and a specific subunit (X) in the dosage form according to the invention. Those skilled in the art understand that they can be formulated in (Y) and in the form of individual subunits corresponding to subunits (X) and (Y).
本発明に係る剤形の好ましい実施態様において、サブユニット(X)および(Y)は多粒子形態で存在し、マイクロタブレット、マイクロカプセル、マイクロペレット、顆粒、スフェロイド、ビーズまたはペレットが好ましく、機械的な選択によってサブユニット(X)を(Y)から分離することが不可能であるように、同じ形態、すなわち形状がサブユニット(X)およびサブユニット(Y)に選択される。多粒子形態は、好ましくは、0.1〜3mm、好ましくは、0.5〜2mmの範囲のサイズである。 In a preferred embodiment of the dosage form according to the invention, the subunits (X) and (Y) are present in multiparticulate form, preferably microtablets, microcapsules, micropellets, granules, spheroids, beads or pellets, mechanical The same form, ie shape, is selected for subunit (X) and subunit (Y) so that it is impossible to separate subunit (X) from (Y) by simple selection. The multiparticulate form is preferably a size in the range of 0.1 to 3 mm, preferably 0.5 to 2 mm.
多粒子形態におけるサブユニット(X)および(Y)も、好ましくは、カプセルに充填されてもまたは錠剤に圧縮されてもよく、各々の場合において最終的な製剤化は、サブユニット(X)および(Y)も得られる剤形に保持されるように進行する。 The subunits (X) and (Y) in multiparticulate form may also preferably be filled into capsules or compressed into tablets, in each case the final formulation is the subunit (X) and (Y) also proceeds to be retained in the resulting dosage form.
同一の形状の多粒子サブユニット(X)および(Y)は、乱用者が単純な選別によって互いを分離できないように、互いに視覚的に識別可能であるべきではない。これは、例えば、この識別機能とは別に、例えば1つ以上の作用成分の放出制御または胃液に抵抗する仕上げの特定のサブユニットへの提供などのさらに別の機能を組み入れることができる同一のコーティングの適用によって達成することができる。 The identically shaped multiparticulate subunits (X) and (Y) should not be visually distinguishable from each other so that abusers cannot separate them from each other by simple sorting. This is the same coating that can incorporate further functions such as, for example, controlling the release of one or more active ingredients or providing a specific subunit with a finish that resists gastric fluid apart from this identification function Can be achieved by applying.
多粒子サブユニットはまた、製薬学的に安全な懸濁媒体のスラリーまたは懸濁液のような経口剤形として製剤化することもできる。 Multiparticulate subunits can also be formulated as oral dosage forms such as slurries or suspensions of pharmaceutically safe suspending media.
本発明のさらに別の好ましい実施態様において、サブユニット(X)および(Y)は、各々の場合において、互いに対する層状に配列される。 In yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the subunits (X) and (Y) are in each case arranged in layers relative to each other.
層状のサブユニット(X)および(Y)は、好ましくは、本発明に係る剤形において互いに対して垂直または水平に本発明の目的のために配列され、各々の場合において、1つ以上の層状サブユニット(X)および1つ以上の層状サブユニット(Y)は、好ましい層配列(X)−(Y)または(X)−(Y)−(X)とは別に、必要に応じて成分(a)および/または(b)を含有する層と組み合わせて任意の望ましい層配列を考慮することができるように剤形に存在することができる。 The layered subunits (X) and (Y) are preferably arranged for the purposes of the present invention in the dosage form according to the invention, either vertically or horizontally relative to each other, in each case one or more layered The subunit (X) and the one or more layered subunits (Y) are optionally separated from the preferred layer arrangement (X)-(Y) or (X)-(Y)-(X) as necessary ( It can be present in the dosage form so that any desired layer arrangement can be considered in combination with the layer containing a) and / or (b).
本発明による別の好ましい剤形は、サブユニット(Y)が、サブユニット(X)によって完全に取り囲まれているコアを形成ものであり、分離層(Z)がこの層の間に存在してもよい。このような構造は、好ましくは、上記の多粒子形態にも好適であり、サブユニット(X)および(Y)ならびに本発明による硬度要件を満足しなければならない必要に応じて存在する分離層(Z)は1つの同じ多粒子形態に製剤化される。本発明に係る剤形のさらに別の好ましい実施態様において、サブユニット(X)はサブユニット(Y)によって取り囲まれるコアを形成し、後者は、コアから剤形の表面に至る少なくとも1つの通路を含む。 Another preferred dosage form according to the invention is one in which the subunit (Y) forms a core that is completely surrounded by the subunit (X), and a separating layer (Z) is present between these layers. Also good. Such a structure is preferably also suitable for the multiparticulate form described above, with the subunits (X) and (Y) and optionally present in the separating layer which must satisfy the hardness requirements according to the invention ( Z) is formulated into one and the same multiparticulate form. In yet another preferred embodiment of the dosage form according to the invention, the subunit (X) forms a core surrounded by the subunit (Y), the latter comprising at least one passageway from the core to the surface of the dosage form. Including.
本発明に係る剤形は、サブユニット(X)の1つの層とサブユニット(Y)の1つの層の間に、各々の場合において、サブユニット(X)を空間的に(Y)から分離する働きをする1つ以上の、好ましくは、1つの必要に応じて膨潤性の分離層(Z)を含むことができる。 The dosage form according to the invention consists in separating the subunit (X) spatially from (Y) in each case between one layer of subunit (X) and one layer of subunit (Y). One or more, preferably one, swellable separation layers (Z) can be included, as needed.
本発明に係る剤形が層状サブユニット(X)および(Y)ならびに必要に応じて存在する分離層(Z)を少なくとも部分的に垂直または水平の配列で含む場合には、剤形は、好ましくは、錠剤、同時押出剤(coextrudate)またはラミネートの形態を取る。 If the dosage form according to the invention comprises at least partly a vertical or horizontal arrangement of the laminar subunits (X) and (Y) and optionally the separating layer (Z), the dosage form is preferably Takes the form of tablets, coextrusions or laminates.
特に好ましい実施態様において、サブユニット(Y)の自由表面の全体および必要に応じてサブユニット(X)の自由表面の少なくとも一部および必要に応じて、必要に応じて存在する分離層(Z)の自由表面の少なくとも一部は、成分(c)および/または(e)および/または(d)および/または(f)の放出を防止する少なくとも1つのバリヤー層(Z’)でコーティングすることができる。バリヤー層(Z’)も、本発明による硬度条件を満たさなければならない。 In a particularly preferred embodiment, the entire free surface of the subunit (Y) and optionally at least a part of the free surface of the subunit (X) and optionally a separating layer (Z) optionally present At least a portion of the free surface of the substrate may be coated with at least one barrier layer (Z ′) that prevents the release of components (c) and / or (e) and / or (d) and / or (f). it can. The barrier layer (Z ') must also satisfy the hardness conditions according to the invention.
本発明に係る剤形の別の特に好ましい実施態様は、垂直または水平の配列のサブユニット(X)および(Y)の層ならびにその間に配列されている少なくとも1つのプッシュ層(p)、および必要に応じて分離層(Z)を含み、剤形において、サブユニット(X)および(Y)からなる層構造の自由表面の全体、プッシュ層および必要に応じて存在する分離層(Z)に、放出媒体、すなわち従来的に生理的液体は透過性であるが、作用成分および成分(c)および/または(d)および/または(f)は実質的に不透過性である半透性コーティング(E)が提供され、このコーティング(E)はサブユニット(X)の領域に作用成分を放出するための少なくとも1つの開口部を含む。 Another particularly preferred embodiment of the dosage form according to the invention comprises a layer of subunits (X) and (Y) in a vertical or horizontal arrangement and at least one push layer (p) arranged therebetween, and In the dosage form, the entire free surface of the layer structure composed of the subunits (X) and (Y), the push layer, and the separation layer (Z) present if necessary, The release medium, i.e. conventionally physiological fluid, is permeable, but the active ingredient and components (c) and / or (d) and / or (f) are substantially impermeable. E) is provided, the coating (E) comprising at least one opening for releasing the active ingredient in the region of the subunit (X).
対応する剤形は、それを製造するのに好適な材料および方法と同様に、特に米国特許第4612008号明細書、米国特許第4765989号明細書および米国特許第4783337号明細書により、例えば経口浸透圧治療薬システム(oral osmotic therapeutic system)(OROS))の名称で当業者に公知である。この記載はここに引用することにより本明細書の記載の一部をなすものとする。 Corresponding dosage forms are described, for example, by oral osmosis, in particular according to US Pat. No. 4,461,2008, US Pat. No. 4,765,989 and US Pat. No. 4,783,337, as well as suitable materials and methods for producing them. It is known to those skilled in the art under the name of the pressure osmotic therapeutic system (OROS). This description is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
さらに別の好ましい実施態様において、本発明に係る剤形のサブユニット(X)は錠剤の形態であり、そのエッジ面および必要に応じて2つの主要面の一方は、成分(c)および/または(d)および/または(f)を含有するバリヤー層(Z’)で被覆されている。 In yet another preferred embodiment, the subunit (X) of the dosage form according to the invention is in the form of a tablet, whose edge surface and optionally one of the two main surfaces is the component (c) and / or It is covered with a barrier layer (Z ′) containing (d) and / or (f).
本発明に係る剤形を製剤化する際に使用されるサブユニット(X)または(Y)および必要に応じて存在する分離層(Z)および/またはバリヤー層(Z’)の補助物質は、本発明に係る剤形における配列、投与様式の関数として、および特定の作用成分、必要に応じて存在する成分(a)および/または(b)および/または(e)および成分(c)および/または(d)および/または(f)の関数として変わることを当業者は理解している。必要な特性を有する物質は、各々の場合において、当業者に公知である。 The subunits (X) or (Y) used in formulating the dosage form according to the present invention and the auxiliary substances present in the separation layer (Z) and / or barrier layer (Z ′), if necessary, As a function of the sequence in the dosage form according to the invention, the mode of administration, and the specific active ingredient, components (a) and / or (b) and / or (e) and components (c) and / or present as required Or, those skilled in the art understand that it varies as a function of (d) and / or (f). Substances having the necessary properties are known to the person skilled in the art in each case.
本発明に係る剤形のサブユニット(Y)からの成分(c)および/または(d)および/または(f)の放出が被覆、好ましくは、バリヤー層の助けによって防止される場合には、サブユニットは、少なくとも1つのポリマー(C)および必要に応じて(D)を含有して、本発明に係る剤形の硬度条件を満たす限り、当業者に公知の従来の材料からなってもよい。 If the release of components (c) and / or (d) and / or (f) from the subunit (Y) of the dosage form according to the invention is prevented with the aid of a coating, preferably a barrier layer, The subunits may comprise conventional materials known to those skilled in the art so long as they contain at least one polymer (C) and optionally (D) and satisfy the hardness requirements of the dosage form according to the invention. .
成分(c)および/または(d)および/または(f)の放出を防止するために対応するバリヤー層(Z’)が提供されていない場合には、サブユニットの材料は、サブユニット(Y)からの特定の成分(c)および/または(d)の放出が実質的に排除されるように選択されるべきである。バリヤー層を製造するのに好適であると以下に記載する材料を、好ましくは、本発明の目的に使用することができる。 If no corresponding barrier layer (Z ′) is provided to prevent the release of components (c) and / or (d) and / or (f), the subunit material is subunit (Y ) Should be selected such that the release of specific components (c) and / or (d) from is substantially excluded. The materials described below as being suitable for producing the barrier layer can preferably be used for the purposes of the present invention.
好ましい材料は、アルキルセルロース、ヒドロキシアルキルセルロース、グルカン、スクレログルカン、マンナン、キサンタン、好ましくは、20:80のモル比のポリ[ビス(p−カルボキシフェノキシ)プロパンとセバシン酸のコポリマー(Polifeprosan20(登録商標)の名称で市販されている)、カルボキシメチルセルロース、セルロースエーテル、セルロースエステル、ニトロセルロース、(メタ)アクリル酸およびそのエステルに基づいたポリマー、ポリアミド、ポリカーボネート、ポリアルキレン、ポリアルキレングリコール、ポリアルキレンオキシド、ポリアルキレンテレフタレート、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルエーテル、ポリビニルエステル、ハロゲン化ポリビニル、ポリグリコリド、ポリシロキサンおよびポリウレタンならびにそれらのコポリマーを含む群から選択されるものである。 Preferred materials are alkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, glucan, scleroglucan, mannan, xanthan, preferably a poly [bis (p-carboxyphenoxy) propane and sebacic acid copolymer in a 20:80 molar ratio. ), Carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose ether, cellulose ester, nitrocellulose, polymers based on (meth) acrylic acid and its esters, polyamides, polycarbonates, polyalkylenes, polyalkylene glycols, polyalkylene oxides , Polyalkylene terephthalate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl ester, halogenated polyvinyl, polyglycolide, polysiloxa And polyurethane as well as those selected from the group comprising copolymers thereof.
特に好適な材料は、メチルセルロース、エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシブチルメチルセルロース、セルロースアセテート、(低、中または高分子量の)セルロースプロピオネート、セルロースアセテートプロピオネート、セルロースアセテートブチレート、セルロースアセテートフタレート、カルボキシメチルセルロース、セルローストリアセテート、セルロース硫酸ナトリウム、ポリメチルメタクリレート、ポリエチルメタクリレート、ポリブチルメタクリレート、ポリイソブチルメタクリレート、ポリヘキシルメタクリレート、ポリイソデシルメタクリレート、ポリラウリルメタクリレート、ポリフェニルメタクリレート、ポリメチルアクリレート、ポリイソプロピルアクリレート、ポリイソブチルアクリレート、ポリオクタデシルアクリレート、ポリエチレン、低密度ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエチレンオキシド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルイソブチルエーテル、ポリビニルアセテートおよびポリ塩化ビニルを含む群から選択することができる。 Particularly suitable materials are methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxybutylmethylcellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate (low, medium or high molecular weight), cellulose acetate propionate, cellulose acetate butyrate, Cellulose acetate phthalate, carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose triacetate, cellulose sodium sulfate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyisobutyl methacrylate, polyhexyl methacrylate, polyisodecyl methacrylate, polylauryl methacrylate, polyphenyl methacrylate, polymethyl acrylate , Polyisopro Selected from the group comprising polyacrylate, polyisobutyl acrylate, polyoctadecyl acrylate, polyethylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl isobutyl ether, polyvinyl acetate and polyvinyl chloride can do.
特に好適なコポリマーは、ブチルメタクリレートとイソブチルメタクリレートのコポリマー、メチルビニルエーテルと高分子量マレイン酸のコポリマー、メチルビニルエーテルとマレイン酸モノエチルエステルのコポリマー、メチルビニルエーテルと無水マレイン酸のコポリマーおよびビニルアルコールとビニルアセテートのコポリマーを含む群から選択することができる。 Particularly preferred copolymers are copolymers of butyl methacrylate and isobutyl methacrylate, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and high molecular weight maleic acid, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic acid monoethyl ester, copolymers of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride and vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate. It can be selected from the group comprising copolymers.
バリヤー層を製剤化するのに特に好適なさらに別の材料は、デンプン-充填(starch−filled)ポリカプロラクトン(国際公開第98/20073号パンフレット)、脂肪族ポリエステルアミド(独国特許出願公開第19753534号明細書、独国特許出願公開第19800698号明細書、欧州特許出願公開第0820698号明細書)、脂肪族および芳香族ポリエステルウレタン(独国特許出願公開第19822979号明細書)、ポリヒドロキシアルカノエート、特にポリヒドロキシブチレート、ポリヒドロキシバレレート、カゼイン(独国特許出願公開第4309528号明細書)、ポリラクチドおよびコポリラクチド(欧州特許出願公開第0980894号明細書)である。これら記載はここに引用することにより本明細書の記載の一部をなすものとする。 Further materials which are particularly suitable for formulating the barrier layer are starch-filled polycaprolactone (WO 98/20073), aliphatic polyesteramides (DE-A-19753534). Specification, German Patent Application Publication No. 19800698, European Patent Application Publication No. 0820698, Aliphatic and Aromatic Polyester Urethane (German Patent Application Publication No. 198222979), Polyhydroxyalkanoate In particular, polyhydroxybutyrate, polyhydroxyvalerate, casein (DE 4309528), polylactide and copolylactide (EP 0980894). These descriptions are hereby incorporated by reference herein.
上記の材料は、必要に応じて、好ましくは、グリセリルモノステアレート、半合成トリグリセリド誘導体、半合成グリセリド、ハロゲン化ヒマシ油、グリセリルパルミトステアレート、グリセリルベヘネート、ポリビニルピロリドン、ゼラチン、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、ステアリン酸、ステアリン酸ナトリウム、タルク、安息香酸ナトリウム、ホウ酸およびコロイド状シリカ、脂肪酸、置換トリグリセリド、グリセリド、ポリオキシアルキレングリコールおよびそれらの誘導体を含む群から選択される、当業者に公知のさらに別の従来の補助物質をブレンドすることができる。 The above materials are preferably glyceryl monostearate, semi-synthetic triglyceride derivative, semi-synthetic glyceride, halogenated castor oil, glyceryl palmitostearate, glyceryl behenate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, gelatin, stearic acid, if necessary. Known to those skilled in the art, selected from the group comprising magnesium, stearic acid, sodium stearate, talc, sodium benzoate, boric acid and colloidal silica, fatty acids, substituted triglycerides, glycerides, polyoxyalkylene glycols and their derivatives Still other conventional auxiliary substances can be blended.
本発明に係る剤形が分離層(Z’)を含む場合には、この層は、被覆されていないサブユニット(Y)のように、好ましくは、バリヤー層について上記した材料からなってもよい。特定のサブユニットからの作用成分の放出または成分(c)および/または(d)の放出は、分離層の厚さによって制御することができることを当業者は理解している。 If the dosage form according to the invention comprises a separating layer (Z ′), this layer may preferably consist of the materials described above for the barrier layer, such as the uncoated subunit (Y). . One skilled in the art understands that the release of the active ingredient or the release of components (c) and / or (d) from a particular subunit can be controlled by the thickness of the separating layer.
本発明に係る剤形は作用成分の放出制御を示す。それは、好ましくは、患者への1日2回投与に好適である。 The dosage form according to the invention exhibits controlled release of the active ingredient. It is preferably suitable for twice daily administration to a patient.
本発明に係る剤形は、少なくとも部分的に放出制御剤形の1種又は複数の作用成分を含むことができ、放出制御は、例えば放出制御マトリックスに作用成分を包埋することによってまたは1種又は複数の放出制御コーティングを適用することによって、当業者に公知の従来の材料および方法の助けにより達成することができる。しかし、作用成分の放出は、上記の条件が各々の場合において満たされるように、例えば、剤形の適切な投与時においては、作用成分は、必要に応じて存在する成分(c)および/または(d)が妨害作用を発揮する前に実質的に完全に放出されるように制御されなければならない。放出制御を生じる物質の添加は、必要な硬度を妨害してはいけない。 The dosage form according to the present invention may at least partially comprise one or more active ingredients of a controlled release dosage form, the controlled release being for example by embedding the active ingredient in a controlled release matrix or Alternatively, it can be achieved with the help of conventional materials and methods known to those skilled in the art by applying multiple controlled release coatings. However, the release of the active ingredient is such that, in each case, the above conditions are fulfilled, eg, at the appropriate administration of the dosage form, the active ingredient may be present as required component (c) and / or It must be controlled so that (d) is substantially completely released before it exerts a disturbing effect. The addition of substances that cause controlled release must not interfere with the required hardness.
本発明に係る剤形からの放出制御は、好ましくは、作用成分をマトリックスに包埋することによって達成される。マトリックス材料として作用する補助物質は作用成分放出を制御する。マトリックス材料は、例えば、作用成分の放出が主に拡散によって進行する親水性のゲル−形成材料または作用成分の放出がマトリックスの孔からの拡散によって主に進行する疎水性材料であってもよい。 Controlled release from the dosage form according to the invention is preferably achieved by embedding the active ingredient in a matrix. An auxiliary substance acting as a matrix material controls the release of the active ingredient. The matrix material may be, for example, a hydrophilic gel-forming material in which the release of the active ingredient proceeds mainly by diffusion or a hydrophobic material in which the release of the active ingredient proceeds mainly by diffusion from the pores of the matrix.
当業者に公知である生理学的に許容されうる疎水性材料をマトリックス材料として使用することができる。ポリマー、特に好ましくは、セルロースエーテル、セルロースエステルおよび/またはアクリル樹脂は、好ましくは、親水性マトリックス材料として使用される。エチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース、ポリ(メタ)アクリル酸および/または塩、アミドまたはエステルなどのその誘導体は、マトリックス材料として極めて特に好ましく使用される。 Physiologically acceptable hydrophobic materials known to those skilled in the art can be used as the matrix material. Polymers, particularly preferably cellulose ethers, cellulose esters and / or acrylic resins are preferably used as hydrophilic matrix materials. Ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, poly (meth) acrylic acid and / or its derivatives such as salts, amides or esters are very particularly preferably used as matrix material.
疎水性ポリマー、ワックス、脂肪、長鎖脂肪酸、脂肪アルコールまたは対応するエステルもしくはエーテルまたはそれらの混合物などの疎水性材料から製造されるマトリックス材料も好ましい。C12〜C30脂肪酸および/またはC12〜C30脂肪アルコールのモノ−またはジグリセリドおよび/またはワックスまたはそれらの混合物は、疎水性材料として特にこのましく使用される。 Also preferred are matrix materials made from hydrophobic materials such as hydrophobic polymers, waxes, fats, long chain fatty acids, fatty alcohols or the corresponding esters or ethers or mixtures thereof. Mono- or diglycerides and / or waxes or mixtures thereof of C12 to C30 fatty acids and / or C12 to C30 fatty alcohols are particularly preferred as hydrophobic materials.
上記の親水性および疎水性材料の混合物をマトリックス材料として使用することも可能である。 It is also possible to use a mixture of the above hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials as matrix material.
本発明により必要な少なくとも500Nの破壊強度を達成する働きをする成分(C)および必要に応じて存在する成分(D)は、追加のマトリックス材料として必要に応じて作用することもできる。 Component (C), which serves to achieve the required breaking strength of at least 500 N according to the present invention, and component (D) optionally present, can also optionally function as an additional matrix material.
本発明に係る剤形が経口投与に意図されている場合には、それは、好ましくは、胃液に抵抗性で、放出環境のpH値の関数として溶解するコーティングを含んでもよい。このコーティングによって、本発明に係る剤形が溶解しない状態で胃を通過して、作用成分が腸においてだけ放出されることを確実にすることができる。胃液に抵抗性のコーティングは、好ましくは、5〜7.5のpH値において溶解する。 Where the dosage form according to the present invention is intended for oral administration, it may preferably comprise a coating that is resistant to gastric juice and dissolves as a function of the pH value of the release environment. This coating makes it possible to ensure that the active ingredient is released only in the intestine, passing through the stomach in an undissolved state according to the invention. The gastric juice resistant coating preferably dissolves at a pH value of 5 to 7.5.
作用成分の放出制御および胃液に抵抗性のコーティングの適用の対応する材料および方法は、例えばKurt H.Bauer,K.Lehmann,Hermann P.Osterwald,Rothgang,Gerhartによる「Coated Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms−Fundamentals,Manufacturing Techniques,Biopharmaceutical Aspects,Test Methods and Raw Materials」,第1版,1998,Medpharm Scientific Publishersにより、当業者に公知である。この文献はここに引用することにより本明細書の記載の一部をなすものとする。 Corresponding materials and methods for controlled release of active ingredients and application of coatings resistant to gastric juice are described, for example, in Kurt H. et al. Bauer, K .; Lehmann, Hermann P.M. “Coated Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms- Fundamentals, Manufactured Techniques, Biopharmaceutical Aspects, Test Methods,” “Coated Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms- Fundamentals, Manufactured Techniques, Biopharmaceutical Aspects, Test Method” by Osterwald, Rothgang, Gerhard. This reference is hereby incorporated by reference herein.
(破壊強度を測定する方法)
ポリマーが成分(C)または(D)として使用することができるかどうかを証明するために、少なくともポリマーの軟化点に対応する温度において150Nの力を使用してポリマーを圧縮して、直径10mmおよび高さ5mmの錠剤を形成し、ポリマーのDSCダイアグラムの助けにより測定する。この方法で製造した錠剤を使用して、ヨーロッパ薬局方1997、ページ143〜144、方法番号2.9.8に公開されている錠剤の破壊強度を測定するための装置を用いて破壊強度を測定する。測定に使用する装置は「Zwick Z2.5」物質テスターであり、最大けん引(maximum draw)が1150mmの場合にFmax=2.5kNであり、1カラムおよび1スピンドル、100mmの後部空間(clearance behind)および0.1〜800mm/minの間で調節可能な試験速度、ならびにtestControlソフトウェアを用いて設定されるべきである。測定は、ねじ込み式挿入の圧力ピストンおよびシリンダー(径10mm)、力変換機、Fmax.1kN、径=8mm、クラス0.5から10N,クラス1から2N、ISO7500−1に対応を使用して、製造業者の試験証明書M、DIN55350−18に対応(Zwick gorss force Fmax=1.45kN)(全ての装置はZwick GmbH&Co.KG,Ulm,ドイツ製)を用いて実施され、テスターはオーダー番号BTC−FR2.5TH、力変換機はオーダー番号BTC−LC0050N.P01、センタリング装置はオーダー番号BO70000S06である。
(Method of measuring fracture strength)
In order to prove whether the polymer can be used as component (C) or (D), the polymer is compressed using a force of 150 N at least at a temperature corresponding to the softening point of the polymer, A 5 mm high tablet is formed and measured with the aid of a DSC diagram of the polymer. Using the tablets produced by this method, the breaking strength is measured using the apparatus for measuring the breaking strength of tablets published in European Pharmacopoeia 1997, pages 143 to 144, method number 2.9.8. To do. The instrument used for the measurement is a “Zwick Z2.5” material tester, Fmax = 2.5 kN for a maximum draw of 1150 mm, 1 column and 1 spindle, 100 mm clearance behind. And a test speed adjustable between 0.1 and 800 mm / min, and should be set using testControl software. Measurements were made with a pressure piston and cylinder (diameter 10 mm) with screw-in insertion, a force transducer, Fmax. 1kN, diameter = 8mm, class 0.5 to 10N,
図1に、錠剤の破壊強度の測定、特に測定前および測定中の、本発明の目的に使用される錠剤(4)調節装置(6)を示す。このために、錠剤(4)は、各々の場合において、測定対象の錠剤を収容し、センタリングするのに必要な空間(5)が確立されたら、上方および下方圧力プレートでしっかり固定される(示していない)2つの2−パートクランピング装置の助けにより力適用装置(示していない)の上方圧力プレート(1)および下方圧力プレート(3)の間に保持される。空間(5)は、取り付けられている圧力プレート上で各々の場合において水平方向に外側または内側に2−パートクランピング装置を移動することによって確立することができる。 FIG. 1 shows a tablet (4) adjustment device (6) used for the purposes of the present invention for measuring the breaking strength of a tablet, in particular before and during the measurement. For this purpose, the tablets (4) in each case are firmly fixed with the upper and lower pressure plates once the space (5) necessary for containing and centering the tablets to be measured is established (shown) Not) is held between the upper pressure plate (1) and the lower pressure plate (3) of the force application device (not shown) with the help of two two-part clamping devices. The space (5) can be established by moving the 2-part clamping device horizontally or outwardly in each case on the attached pressure plate.
特定の負荷における破壊に抵抗性であると考えられる錠剤は、破壊しなかったものだけでなく、力の作用下でプラスチック変形に耐えることができるものを含む。 Tablets that are considered resistant to breakage at a particular load include not only those that did not break, but those that can withstand plastic deformation under the action of force.
本発明に係る剤形の場合には、破壊強度は記載の方法により測定され、錠剤以外の剤形も試験される。 In the case of the dosage form according to the invention, the breaking strength is measured by the method described and dosage forms other than tablets are also tested.
以下の実施例は、例によって本発明を例示しており、本発明の一般的な概念を限定するものではない。 The following examples illustrate the invention by way of example and do not limit the general concept of the invention.
(実施例1)
記載されている量のBHTをエタノール(96%)に溶解し、7.7%(質量/質量)エタノール溶液を得た。これを、150gのポリエチレンオキシドと高速ミキサーで30分混合し、次いで残りの量のポリエチレンオキシドを添加し、撹拌をさらに30分継続した。組成物を40℃において12時間乾燥した。 The indicated amount of BHT was dissolved in ethanol (96%) to give a 7.7% (mass / mass) ethanol solution. This was mixed with 150 g of polyethylene oxide in a high speed mixer for 30 minutes, then the remaining amount of polyethylene oxide was added and stirring was continued for another 30 minutes. The composition was dried at 40 ° C. for 12 hours.
さらに別の成分全てを添加し、自由−落下ミキサーで15分混合した。粉末混合物を押出成形機に分配した。Leistritz(Nurnberg)製造のスピンドル径18mmのモデルMicro27GL40Dダブルスクリュー押出成形機を使用して押出成形を実施した。平滑末端を有するスクリューを使用し、スクリューの末端の六角ソケットはキャップで閉じた。使用するダイは、径8mmの加熱可能な丸型ダイである。工程全体をN2雰囲気下で実施した。 All other ingredients were added and mixed for 15 minutes with a free-fall mixer. The powder mixture was dispensed to the extruder. Extrusion was carried out using a model Micro27GL40D double screw extruder with a spindle diameter of 18 mm manufactured by Leistritz (Nurnberg). A screw with a blunt end was used and the hexagon socket at the end of the screw was closed with a cap. The die to be used is a heatable round die having a diameter of 8 mm. The entire process was performed under N 2 atmosphere.
以下のパラメーターを押出成形のために選択した。
スクリュー速度:100rpm、
スループット: 4kg/h、
生成物温度: 125℃、
ケーシング温度:120℃。
The following parameters were selected for extrusion.
Screw speed: 100rpm
Throughput: 4kg / h,
Product temperature: 125 ° C
Casing temperature: 120 ° C.
依然として温度の高い押出成形物を窒素雰囲気下で冷却した。冷却した帯状物を2平面錠剤にシンギュレートした。500Nの力を与えたとき、錠剤は破壊しなかった。錠剤は、ハンマーを使用してもまたは乳鉢および乳棒によっても粉砕できなかった。 The still hot extrudate was cooled under a nitrogen atmosphere. The cooled strip was singulated into biplanar tablets. The tablet did not break when a force of 500 N was applied. The tablets could not be crushed using a hammer or with a mortar and pestle.
シンギュレートした10錠の錠剤の冷却した帯状物の色は、Munsell Book of Colourを使用してN9.5であると判定され、本発明による方法によって製造した剤形は、押出成形機による熱成形による任意の変色を示さなかった。 The color of the cooled band of 10 singulated tablets was determined to be N9.5 using the Munsell Book of Color, and the dosage form produced by the method according to the present invention was obtained by thermoforming with an extruder. It did not show any discoloration.
Claims (36)
(b)必要最小量の水性液体の助けにより、剤形から得られる抽出物とゲルを形成する少なくとも1種の粘度上昇剤であって、ゲルは、好ましくは、さらなる量の水性液体に導入されるとき、視覚的に識別可能である粘度上昇剤、
(c)乱用の可能性のある作用成分の少なくとも1種のアンタゴニスト、
(d)少なくとも1種の催吐剤、
(e)嫌悪剤としての少なくとも1種の染料、
(f)少なくとも1種の苦味物質
の少なくとも1つをさらに含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の剤形。 (A) at least one substance that stimulates the nasal cavity and / or pharynx,
(B) at least one viscosity-increasing agent that forms a gel with the extract obtained from the dosage form with the help of the minimum amount of aqueous liquid, the gel preferably being introduced into a further amount of aqueous liquid. A viscosity-increasing agent that is visually identifiable,
(C) at least one antagonist of an active ingredient with potential abuse;
(D) at least one emetic,
(E) at least one dye as an aversive agent;
The dosage form according to any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising at least one of (f) at least one bitter substance.
(y)得られた混合物を、少なくとも成分(C)の軟化点まで押出成形機において加熱し、力を加えることによってアウトレット開口部を介して押出成形する工程と、
(x)静止したプラスチック押出成形物をシンギュレートし、剤形に成形する工程と、
(w)冷却され、任意に再加熱されたシンギュレートされた押出成形物を剤形に成形する工程と
を含み、工程(y)及び(x)並びに任意に工程(z)及び(w)が不活性ガス雰囲気下で実施されることを特徴とする請求項1〜27のいずれか1項に記載の剤形を製造する方法。 (Z) Components (A), (B), (C) and optionally present component (D) are mixed and optionally present (a) to (f) are simultaneously mixed or if necessary Mixing separately with addition of component (c) and optional (D);
(Y) heating the resulting mixture in an extruder at least to the softening point of component (C) and extruding through the outlet opening by applying force;
(X) singulating a static plastic extrudate and forming it into a dosage form;
(W) forming a cooled, optionally reheated, singulated extrudate into a dosage form, wherein steps (y) and (x) and optionally steps (z) and (w) are not The method for producing a dosage form according to any one of claims 1 to 27, which is carried out under an active gas atmosphere.
The dosage form according to any one of claims 1 to 27, obtained by the method according to any one of claims 28 to 35.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
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DE10336400.5 | 2003-08-06 | ||
DE10336400A DE10336400A1 (en) | 2003-08-06 | 2003-08-06 | Anti-abuse dosage form |
DE10361596.2 | 2003-12-24 | ||
DE10361596A DE10361596A1 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2003-12-24 | Process for producing an anti-abuse dosage form |
DE102004020220.6 | 2004-04-22 | ||
DE102004020220A DE102004020220A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2004-04-22 | Process for the preparation of a secured against misuse, solid dosage form |
DE102004032051A DE102004032051A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2004-07-01 | Process for the preparation of a secured against misuse, solid dosage form |
DE102004032051.9 | 2004-07-01 | ||
PCT/EP2004/008792 WO2005016313A1 (en) | 2003-08-06 | 2004-08-05 | Dosage form that is safeguarded from abuse |
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