JP2007334970A - Recording device, method, and program - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To restore a destroyed sector into a recordable and reproducible state again. <P>SOLUTION: A media control unit 152 counts how many times writing to the same sector is performed, and if the writing is not successful although exceeding the limited number of times, the media control unit 152 stores information indicating the sector where the writing ended in failure as bad sector information in a nonvolatile memory 33. Further, the media control unit 152 when requested by an application 101 to perform mounting processing and formatting processing requests the device driver 103 corresponding to the recording medium 104 to read the sector where the writing ended in failure based upon the bad sector information in the nonvolatile memory 33, and also perform mounting processing and formatting processing. The present invention is applicable to a recording and reproducing device which records data to a recording medium. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a recording apparatus and method, and a program, and more particularly to a recording apparatus and a recording apparatus that can activate an alternate sector process during mount processing or format processing even when a sector being accessed is destroyed. The present invention relates to a method and a program.

  For example, when recording processing is performed on a hard disk drive (HDD), data may not be correctly written to a desired sector due to influences of vibration, shock, temperature, humidity, and other factors.

  As one of proposals for such a case, Patent Document 1 proposes a device for increasing or decreasing the number of retries.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-22628

  However, if data cannot be correctly written to a desired sector, if a replacement sector process is not performed inside the HDD, a write error may occur again even if a write retry is performed on that sector. Therefore, simply increasing or decreasing the number of retries, timeout value, etc., does not provide a retry effect, and as a result, data cannot be written to a desired sector.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and even if a sector being accessed is destroyed, the alternate sector process is activated at the time of the mount process or the format process, so that the sector is restored. Thus, it is possible to recover to a recordable / reproducible state.

  The recording apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention is a recording apparatus that records data on a recording medium, wherein the recording control unit controls data writing to an area of a predetermined recording unit of the recording medium; and the predetermined recording unit A write determination means for determining whether or not the writing of the data to the area of the data has succeeded, and the writing determination means determines that the writing of the data has failed, the writing of the data has failed. Storage means for storing information of a predetermined recording unit area.

  A mount control unit for controlling the mounting process of the recording medium; and the predetermined recording in which writing of the data stored in the storage unit has failed during the mounting process of the recording medium controlled by the mount control unit. Read control means for controlling reading of data from the predetermined recording unit area based on the unit area information may be further provided.

  The number of times determination means for determining whether or not the number of write failures described in the information of the area of the predetermined recording unit in which the writing of the data stored in the storage means has failed is greater than a predetermined threshold, the number of times When the determination means determines that the number of write failures is greater than a predetermined threshold, the read control means can sequentially control reading from the entire surface of the recording medium.

  A format control means for controlling the formatting process of the recording medium; and the predetermined recording in which writing of the data stored in the storage means has failed during the formatting process of the recording medium controlled by the format control means. Read control means for controlling reading of data from the predetermined recording unit area based on the unit area information may be further provided.

  The number of times determination means for determining whether or not the number of write failures described in the information of the area of the predetermined recording unit in which the writing of the data stored in the storage means has failed is greater than a predetermined threshold, the number of times When the determination unit determines that the number of write failures is greater than a predetermined threshold, the read control unit can sequentially control reading from the entire surface of the recording medium.

  According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a recording method of a recording apparatus for recording data on a recording medium, wherein the writing of data to an area of a predetermined recording unit of the recording medium is controlled, and the area of the predetermined recording unit It is determined whether or not the writing of the data to the storage device succeeds, and when it is determined that the writing of the data has failed, information on the area of the predetermined recording unit in which the writing of the data has failed is stored in the storage unit Including a step.

  A program according to one aspect of the present invention controls a data writing to an area of a predetermined recording unit of the recording medium in a recording apparatus that records the data on the recording medium, and the data to the area of the predetermined recording unit Determining whether or not the writing of the data has succeeded, and if it is determined that the writing of the data has failed, storing information on an area of the predetermined recording unit in which the writing of the data has failed is included in a storage unit Execute the process.

  In the present invention, the writing of data to the area of the predetermined recording unit of the recording medium is controlled, and it is determined whether or not the writing of the data to the area of the predetermined recording unit is successful. When it is determined that the data writing has failed, information on the area of the predetermined recording unit in which the data writing has failed is stored in the storage unit.

  According to the present invention, even if the sector is destroyed, the replacement sector process can be activated during the mount process or the format process. As a result, the destroyed sector can be restored to the recordable / reproducible state again.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below. Correspondences between constituent elements of the present invention and the embodiments described in the specification or the drawings are exemplified as follows. This description is intended to confirm that the embodiments supporting the present invention are described in the specification or the drawings. Therefore, even if there is an embodiment which is described in the specification or the drawings but is not described here as an embodiment corresponding to the constituent elements of the present invention, that is not the case. It does not mean that the form does not correspond to the constituent requirements. Conversely, even if an embodiment is described here as corresponding to a configuration requirement, that means that the embodiment does not correspond to a configuration requirement other than the configuration requirement. It's not something to do.

  A recording apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention is a recording apparatus (for example, the recording / reproducing apparatus 1 in FIG. 1) that records data on a recording medium (for example, the recording medium 104 in FIG. 2). A write control means (for example, the write control unit 171 in FIG. 3) for controlling the writing of data to the area, and whether or not the data has been successfully written to the area of the predetermined recording unit. When it is determined by the writing determination means (for example, the media control unit 152 in FIG. 3 that performs the processing of step S106 in FIG. 5) and the writing determination means that the writing of the data has failed, the writing of the data is performed. Storage means (for example, the non-volatile memory 33 in FIG. 1) for storing information on the area of the predetermined recording unit that has failed (for example, defective sector information in FIG. 4).

  Mount control means (for example, the mount control unit 173 in FIG. 3) for controlling the mounting process of the recording medium and the storage means stored in the storage means during the mounting process of the recording medium controlled by the mount control means Read control means (for example, the read control unit 172 in FIG. 3) for controlling reading of data from the area of the predetermined recording unit based on information of the area of the predetermined recording unit in which the data writing has failed. Can further be provided.

  Number determination means for determining whether or not the number of write failures described in the information of the area of the predetermined recording unit in which the writing of the data stored in the storage means has failed is greater than a predetermined threshold (for example, FIG. 3 that performs the process of step S173, and when the number of times of writing failure is determined to be greater than a predetermined threshold by the number of times determination unit, the reading control unit is placed on the entire surface of the recording medium. Can be controlled sequentially.

  Format control means (for example, the format control unit 174 in FIG. 3) for controlling the format processing of the recording medium and the storage means stored in the storage means during the format processing of the recording medium controlled by the format control means Read control means (for example, the read control unit 172 in FIG. 3) for controlling reading of data from the area of the predetermined recording unit based on information of the area of the predetermined recording unit in which the data writing has failed. Can further be provided.

  Number determination means for determining whether or not the number of write failures described in the information of the area of the predetermined recording unit in which the writing of the data stored in the storage means has failed is greater than a predetermined threshold (for example, FIG. 9 3 for performing the process of step S203, and when the number of times of the writing failure is determined to be greater than a predetermined threshold by the number of times determination unit, the reading control unit is placed on the entire surface of the recording medium. The reading can be sequentially controlled.

  A recording method according to one aspect of the present invention is a recording method of a recording apparatus that records data on a recording medium, and controls writing of data in an area of a predetermined recording unit of the recording medium (for example, step S104 in FIG. 5). ), It is determined whether or not the writing of the data to the area of the predetermined recording unit has succeeded (for example, step S106 in FIG. 5), and if it is determined that the writing of the data has failed, A step of storing information on the area of the predetermined recording unit in which the writing has failed (for example, step S110 in FIG. 5).

  The present invention can be applied to a video camera, a digital still camera, a personal computer using a hard disk drive (HDD) or the like as a recording medium, and a recording device (for example, HDD recorder) that records data on a recording medium such as an HDD. it can.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example according to an embodiment of a recording / reproducing apparatus 1 to which the present invention is applied. The recording / reproducing apparatus 1 is configured as, for example, a digital still camera or a digital video camera, and records captured image (or audio) data on a recording medium such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, or a semiconductor memory. Or the image (or audio) data recorded on the recording medium is reproduced.

  In FIG. 1, the optical lens 11 condenses the light of the image of the subject based on the control of the camera function unit 12, and forms the focused light on the photoelectric conversion unit 13.

  Based on the control of a CPU (central processing unit) 51, the camera function unit 12 starts and ends the photographing operation of the subject by the optical lens 11, and appropriately adjusts the zoom rate of the optical lens 11, the amount of light to be captured, and the like. Control.

  The photoelectric conversion unit 13 is configured by a photoelectric conversion element such as a charge-coupled device (CCD) or a complementary-metal oxide semiconductor (C-MOS), and converts light supplied from the optical lens 11 into an electrical signal. To the image signal processing unit 14.

  The image signal processing unit 14 generates image data based on the signal supplied from the photoelectric conversion unit 13. For example, the image signal processing unit 14 performs A / D (Analog to Digital) conversion on an analog signal corresponding to the image of the subject under the control of the CPU 51 to obtain digital image data, and the image data For example, image processing such as white balance adjustment and defective pixel interpolation is applied. Further, the image signal processing unit 14 performs compression coding of image data by a method such as MEPG (Motion Picture Experts Group), JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group), or the like based on the control of the CPU 51. Decode the image data.

  Further, the image signal processing unit 14 performs A / D conversion on an analog signal corresponding to the image of the subject, adjusts the white balance, or outputs image data obtained by interpolating defective pixels, and the image data is input to the display 16. To the unit 15. More specifically, the image signal processing unit 14 converts the image data into an RGB (Red, Green, Blue) signal, which is an input method of the display 16, and supplies the converted signal to the display 16. The image signal processing unit 14 also supplies RGB signals to the image input / output unit 15.

  The image input / output unit 15 supplies, for example, an image signal supplied from an external device to the image signal processing unit 14, and outputs a signal corresponding to image data output from the image signal processing unit 14 to the external Output to the device. The display 16 is configured by an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), for example, and displays an image based on a signal corresponding to image data output from the image signal processing unit 14.

  For example, the audio input / output unit 21 supplies an audio signal collected by a microphone or the like to the audio processing unit 22, and outputs audio corresponding to audio data output from the audio processing unit 22 to a speaker or the like. Output. Under the control of the CPU 51, the audio processing unit 22 generates compression-encoded audio data based on the audio signal supplied from the audio input / output unit 21, or the compression-encoded audio data Or decryption.

  A RAM (Random Access Memory) 31 stores data such as a program read from a recording medium attached to the drive 36 or data generated in accordance with processing by the program, and supplies the data to the CPU 51 as necessary. A ROM (Read Only Memory) 32 supplies data stored in advance to the CPU 51 as necessary. The non-volatile memory 33 is configured by, for example, an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory) and stores various data used for the processing of the CPU 51.

  The operation input unit 34 has, for example, an operation key or a button, and outputs a signal corresponding to the operation input by the user to the CPU 51.

  The communication unit 35 includes, for example, a network card and the like, and is a wired communication interface such as Ethernet (registered trademark) or USB (Universal Serial Bus) or a wireless communication interface such as IEEE802.11a / b / g or Bluetooth. And communicates with other devices connected to the network based on the control of the CPU 51.

  Examples of the drive 36 include magnetic disks such as HDD (Hard Disk Drive), optical disks such as DVD (Digital Versatile Disk) and CD (Compact Disk), Blu-ray Disc and HD-DVD (High Definition DVD), MD ( Various recording media including a magneto-optical disk such as a registered trademark (Mini-Disk), a flash memory, and a semiconductor memory such as a Memory Stick (registered trademark) are mounted. The drive 36 accesses the mounted recording medium, records data, and reads recorded data.

  The sensor 37 includes an angular velocity sensor, an acceleration sensor, a temperature sensor, and the like. For example, in order to perform optical correction, an image blur is detected. The detected image blur is supplied to the image signal processing unit 14 via the CPU 51. The power source 38 supplies electric power necessary for driving the recording / reproducing apparatus 1.

  The CPU 51 performs various calculations to process data, and controls the overall operation of the recording / reproducing apparatus 1.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a mechanism for recording data on the recording medium 104 or reading data from the recording medium 104 in the recording / reproducing apparatus 1. In the figure, an application 101 is software belonging to the highest layer of software executed by the CPU 51, and controls, for example, recording or playback processing of moving images.

  The application 101 accesses data that needs to be recorded or reproduced in accordance with processing performed by itself, for example, in units of a file composed of data of a predetermined recording unit. The application 101 outputs an access request to the file system 102 when accessing a predetermined file. Further, the application 101 receives a response to the file access request from the file system 102 and generates an image corresponding to the response and displays it on the display 16 in order to notify the user as necessary.

  The file system 102 is software for managing information about where and what files are on the recording medium 104, and is also software executed by the CPU 51. The file system 102 is configured by, for example, FAT (Fat) 16 or FAT32. The details of FAT32 are disclosed in “Microsoft Extensible Firmware Initiative FAT32 File System Specification”.

  The file system 102 decomposes a file requested to be accessed from the application 101 into clusters each having a predetermined bit amount, and accesses them in units of clusters. For example, when the application 101 requests the file system 102 to read a file, the file system 102 searches for a cluster in which actual data of the file is recorded as a corresponding cluster. For example, when the application 101 requests the file system 102 to write a file, the file system 102 searches for a free cluster into which the actual data of the file can be written as the corresponding cluster.

  Then, the file system 102 converts the found cluster into LBA (Logical Block Addressing), and requests the device driver 103 to access in units of sectors. Further, the file system 102 outputs a response to the file access request to the application 101 based on the response supplied from the device driver 103 based on the access request output by itself.

  The device driver 103 is software for controlling the operation of the drive 36 and is also software executed by the CPU 51. The device driver 103 controls the drive 36 based on an access request from the file system 102 to access the recording medium 104 mounted on the drive 36 on a sector basis. As a result, the drive 36 accesses the requested sector of the recording medium 104 attached to the drive 36. Here, the sector is a recording unit finer than the cluster (a cluster is composed of a plurality of sectors), and the sector to be accessed is specified by the LBA. Further, based on a response supplied from the recording medium 104 (actually the drive 36) based on the sector-by-sector access request output by itself, a response to the sector access request is output to the file system 102.

  Based on the access request from the device driver 103, the recording medium 104 (drive 36) writes (records) data in the sector requested to access or reads data from the sector requested to access, The processing result is output to the device driver 103 as a response to the sector access request. For example, when the device driver 103 requests reading in units of sectors, the recording medium 104 supplies data recorded for each sector to the device driver 103.

  Here, for example, in the recording medium 104 such as an HDD, when a predetermined error condition is generally satisfied, an alternate sector process is executed inside the HDD. One of the predetermined error conditions is a bad sector registration process in the HDD. Depending on the type of the HDD, the bad sector registration process may be executed with a read process as a trigger. Conventionally, in such HDDs, the sector that is currently accessed is destroyed due to vibration, shock, temperature, humidity, or other factors during the write process, and the write process becomes an error and the write process is repeated. Even if the processing is performed, the bad sector registration processing is not performed. Therefore, the replacement sector process is not performed, and as a result, an error may end.

  That is, in this case, unless the reading process for the sector is executed, the bad sector registration process and the replacement sector process in the HDD are not executed.

  Therefore, in the present invention, when the writing process fails, the information of the defective sector in which the writing process has failed is stored and updated in the nonvolatile memory, and the updated information is used for the next mounting process or formatting process. At this time, a dummy read process is executed for the sector in which the write process has failed.

  The reason why the read process is expressed as “dummy” is that the purpose of the read process is not to read desired data from the HDD, but to expect that the bad sector registration process is performed inside the HDD. It is. In addition, the process of storing and updating the bad sector information in the nonvolatile memory according to the present invention is a process performed by the software executed by the CPU 51 described above, and is completely different from the bad sector registration process performed inside the HDD. is there.

  When executing such processing, the file system 102 and the device driver 103 of FIG. 2 are configured by the functional blocks shown in FIG.

  In the example of FIG. 3, only the device driver 103 that controls access to the recording medium 104 is shown to describe an example in which the recording medium 104 that is an HDD is mounted in the drive 36. Are provided with as many individual device drivers as the number of recording media loaded in the drive 36.

  The file system 102 includes a recording control unit 151 and a media control unit 152. When the real data is supplied together with the file name from the application 101 that executes the file recording process among the applications 101 and the writing of the file to the recording medium 104 is requested, the recording control unit 151 stores the real data in the RAM 31. The data is temporarily stored in the embedded buffer memory 181 and the device driver 103 is controlled to search the recording medium 104 requested to be written for a free cluster in which the actual data of the file can be written as the corresponding cluster.

  In response to a request from an application that executes a file recording process, the media control unit 152 converts the corresponding cluster retrieved by the recording control unit 151 into an LBA, and a device driver corresponding to the recording medium 104 for which writing has been requested. 103 is requested in units of sectors, and in response to this, the result of writing is notified from the device driver 103. The media control unit 152 counts the number of executions of writing to the RAM 31 or the register every time the same sector is written, and if the writing is not successful even if the limit number is exceeded, the media control unit 152 notifies the upper application of a write error. The information on the sector in which writing has failed is stored in the nonvolatile memory 33 as bad sector information. That is, the bad sector information stored in the non-volatile memory 33 is updated with information on the sector in which the writing has failed each time writing to a different sector fails.

  In response to a request from an application that executes the mount processing of the recording medium 104 in the application 101, the media control unit 152 determines that the non-volatile memory 33 is defective for the device driver 103 corresponding to the requested recording medium 104. Based on the sector information, a read process of the sector in which writing has failed is requested and a mount process is requested.

  In response to a request from the application 101 that executes the format process of the recording medium 104 in the application 101, the media control unit 152 determines that the nonvolatile memory 33 is defective for the device driver 103 corresponding to the requested recording medium 104. Based on the sector information, a read process of the sector in which writing has failed is requested and a format process is requested.

  The device driver 103 includes a write control unit 171 that writes data to the recording medium 104, a read control unit 172 that reads data from the recording medium 104, and a mount control that performs mount processing of the recording medium 104. And a format processing unit 174 that causes the format process of the recording medium 104 to be performed.

  The write control unit 171 controls the drive 36 in response to a request from the media control unit 152, and data stored in the write buffer 181 configured in the RAM 31 is requested to be written in the corresponding recording medium 104. The sector is written for N sectors (N> 0), and the processing result is notified to the media control unit 152.

  The read control unit 172 controls the drive 36 in response to a request from the media control unit 152, and reads data for N sectors (N> 0) from the sector requested to be read from the corresponding recording medium 104. The read data is stored in the read buffer memory 182 configured in the RAM 31, and the processing result is notified to the media control unit 152.

  The mount control unit 173 controls the drive 36 in response to a request from the media control unit 152 to cause the recording medium 104 to be recognized and to perform a mount process for enabling recording and reproduction. The processing result is sent to the media control unit 152. Notice.

  The format control unit 174 controls the drive 36 in response to a request from the media control unit 152, performs a format process for initializing the recording medium 104, and notifies the media control unit 152 of the processing result.

  The RAM 31 includes a write buffer memory 181 that stores actual data of files recorded on the recording medium 104 and a read buffer memory 182 that stores data read from the recording medium 104.

  The nonvolatile memory 33 stores the bad sector information shown in FIG. FIG. 4 shows a structure example of bad sector information stored in the nonvolatile memory 33.

  The bad sector information is updated every time writing fails in a different sector during the writing process (that is, a writing error is notified to the host). It consists of a bad sector number (LBA) and a sector count consisting of 2 bytes.

  The number of writing failures is the number of times that writing has failed for different sectors among the numbers 0 to 65,535 during the writing process, and this number of writing failures is incremented by 1 each time writing fails.

  The bad sector number is registered by LBA (Logical Block Addressing), for example, “XXXXXXXX” as the start address of the sector in which writing failed. As the sector count, the write size, that is, the number of sectors in which the write has failed is registered, for example, “YYYYYYYY”.

  As described above, each time a write error occurs during the write process, the number of write failures is incremented, and information on the sector in which the write error has occurred is added as a bad sector number and sector count. It will be updated.

  Next, recording processing in the recording / reproducing apparatus 1 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. In the following, an example in which data is recorded on the recording medium 104 that is an HDD mounted on the drive 36 of the recording / reproducing apparatus 1 will be described.

  For example, when actual data is supplied together with the file name from an application 101 that executes file recording processing, and the writing of the file to the recording medium 104 is requested, the recording control unit 151 stores the actual data in the RAM 31. Are temporarily stored in the write buffer memory 181, and the device driver 103 is controlled to search the recording medium 104 requested to be written for a free cluster in which the actual data of the file can be written as the corresponding cluster.

  In step S <b> 101, the media control unit 152 reads bad sector information from the nonvolatile memory 33. For example, the media control unit 152 sets (resets) the number of write executions stored in the RAM 31 to 0 in step S102, and the write control unit 171 of the device driver 103 corresponding to the recording medium 104 in steps S103 and S104. To write data to the recording medium 104.

  That is, the write control unit 171 sets a timeout value in accordance with the write processing of the recording medium 104 in step S103 in response to a request from the media control unit 152, and controls the drive 36 in step S104 to write data. Data stored in the buffer memory 181 is written from sector X in the recording medium 104 to N sectors (N> 0). Sector X represents one sector from which writing is started.

  In step S <b> 105, the media control unit 152 increments the number of write executions stored in the RAM 31.

  When the write control unit 171 finishes the write process in step S104, the write control unit 171 notifies the media control unit 152 of the processing result based on the response from the drive 36. Based on the notification, in step S106, the media control unit 152 determines whether or not the writing is successful. If the media control unit 152 determines that the writing is successful, the process proceeds to step S107. In step S <b> 107, the media control unit 152 notifies the upper application 101 of the writing success via the recording control unit 151, and thereafter ends the recording process of the recording medium 104.

  If it is determined in step S106 that the writing has failed, the process proceeds to step S108. In step S108, the media control unit 152 determines whether or not the write execution count stored in the RAM 31 is less than a preset limit count, and the write execution count is less than the preset limit count. If it is determined, the process returns to step S103, and the subsequent processes are repeated. In other words, write retry control is executed up to the limit number of times.

  If it is determined in step S108 that the number of write executions exceeds the preset limit, the media control unit 152 fails to write the bad sector information read in step S101 in step S109 as a write error. Update with the information of the selected sector. That is, the number of write failures is incremented, the bad sector number and sector count based on the information of the sector in which the write has failed are added, and the bad sector information is updated.

  In step S <b> 110, the media control unit 152 stores the updated bad sector information in the nonvolatile memory 33. In step S <b> 111, the media control unit 152 notifies the upper application 101 of the write error via the recording control unit 151, and then ends the recording process of the recording medium 104.

  In response to this, the application 101 generates an image for notifying the user of a writing error, and causes the display 16 to display the generated image.

  As described above, in the recording process, after executing the write process again (retry) a predetermined number of times, each time a write error occurs, information on the sector that has caused the write error (that is, the write has failed) is stored. In addition, the bad sector information is updated.

  Next, the mounting process of the recording medium 104 in the recording / reproducing apparatus 1 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.

  When the recording / reproducing apparatus 1 is turned on, the CPU 51 executes software such as the application 101, the file system 102, and the device driver 103. In addition, the recording medium 104 that is an HDD is also activated.

  For example, a mounting process for the recording medium 104 is requested from an application that executes the mounting process for the recording medium 104 in the application 101. In step S131, the media control unit 152 reads out bad sector information from the nonvolatile memory 33, and in step S132, determines whether the number of write failures described in the first 2 bytes is zero.

  If it is determined in step S132 that the number of write failures is not 0, the process proceeds to step S133. In step S133, the media control unit 152 reads one combination of the bad sector number and the sector count from the bad sector information. In steps S134 and S135, the media control unit 152 requests the read control unit 172 of the device driver 103 to read the combination. Then, the process of reading data from the sector based on the combination of the read bad sector number and the sector count is executed.

  That is, in response to a request from the media control unit 152, the read control unit 172 sets a timeout value in accordance with the read process of the recording medium 104 that is an HDD in step S134, and controls the drive 36 in step S135. The data of N sectors indicated by the sector count is read from the sector of the bad sector number on the recording medium 104, and the read data is stored in the read buffer memory 182. The read control unit 172 notifies the media control unit 152 of the processing result based on the response from the drive 36.

  At this time, in the recording medium 104 (that is, the HDD), when these sectors (sector area of bad sector number to sector area of N sector) are destroyed, data is not read from these sectors. Therefore, the bad sector registration process is executed. As a result, alternate sector processing is activated within the recording medium 104.

  In step S136, the media control unit 152 decrements the number of bad sector information write failures, and in step S137, determines whether the number of bad sector information write failures is zero. If it is determined in step S137 that the number of write failures is not 0, the process returns to step S133, and the subsequent processes are repeated. If it is determined in step S137 that the number of write failures is 0, the process proceeds to step S138.

  In step S138, the media control unit 152 resets the bad sector information in the nonvolatile memory 33. That is, the media control unit 152 sets the number of write failures in the bad sector information of the nonvolatile memory 33 to 0, and deletes the bad sector number and the sector count. Thereafter, the processing proceeds to step S139.

  On the other hand, if it is determined in step S132 that the number of write failures is 0, the process proceeds to step S139.

  In step S139, the media control unit 152 requests the mount control unit 173 of the device driver 103 corresponding to the requested recording medium 104 to perform the mount process, and the mount control unit 173 performs the mount process of the recording medium 104. Let it run. That is, in step S139, the mount control unit 173 controls the drive 36 in response to a request from the media control unit 152, causes the recording medium 104 to be recognized, and performs a mount process for enabling the recording / playback. Is notified to the media control unit 152.

  In response to this, the media control unit 152 notifies the result of the mounting process to a higher-order application that executes the mounting process of the recording medium 104, and the mounting process in FIG.

  In the example of FIG. 6, the case where the reading process of the recording medium 104 based on the defective sector information is performed before the actual mounting process in step S139 has been described. However, for example, before the step S131, the reading process is actually performed. It is also possible to perform the reading process of the recording medium 104 based on the bad sector information after the mounting process is performed.

  As described above, when the recording medium 104 is mounted, the reading process based on the defective sector information stored in the nonvolatile memory 33 is performed, so that the recording medium 104 ( In other words, it is possible to effectively execute the replacement sector process inside the HDD).

  Therefore, when the write process is performed on the sector that failed to be written next time, in most cases, the replacement sector process has been completed, and even if the logical sector is the same, the physical sector is different. Data can be written in a desired sector. That is, it becomes possible to restore the sector in which the writing has failed to a recordable / reproducible state again.

  Further, since the time for mounting the recording medium 104 at the time of starting the recording / reproducing apparatus 1 is originally when the user is in a waiting state, the reading process based on the bad sector information is performed using this time. This is very effective for the user because, for example, the load is not so great as compared with the case of performing it during other processing (for example, during recording processing).

  Next, the format processing of the recording medium 104 in the recording / reproducing apparatus 1 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 7 is different from the example of FIG. 6 in that the format process in step S159 is different from the mount process in step S139. The processes in steps S151 to S158 in FIG. Processing basically similar to the processing of S131 to S138 is performed.

  For example, a format process for the recording medium 104 is requested from an application that executes the format process for the recording medium 104 in the application 101. In step S151, the media control unit 152 reads out bad sector information from the nonvolatile memory 33, and in step S152, determines whether the number of write failures described in the first 2 bytes is zero.

  If it is determined in step S152 that the number of write failures is not 0, the process proceeds to step S153. In step S153, the media control unit 152 reads one combination of the bad sector number and the sector count from the bad sector information, requests the read control unit 172 of the device driver 103 in steps S154 and S155, Then, the process of reading data from the sector based on the combination of the read bad sector number and the sector count is executed.

  That is, in response to a request from the media control unit 152, the read control unit 172 sets a timeout value in accordance with the read process of the recording medium 104 that is an HDD in step S154, and controls the drive 36 in step S155. The data of N sectors indicated by the sector count is read from the sector of the bad sector number on the recording medium 104, and the read data is stored in the read buffer memory 182. The read control unit 172 notifies the media control unit 152 of the processing result based on the response from the drive 36.

  At this time, in the recording medium 104 (that is, the HDD), when these sectors (sector area of bad sector number to sector area of N sector) are destroyed, data is not read from these sectors. Therefore, the bad sector registration process is executed. As a result, alternate sector processing is activated within the recording medium 104.

  In step S156, the media control unit 152 decrements the number of bad sector information write failures. In step S157, the media control unit 152 determines whether the number of bad sector information write failures is zero. If it is determined in step S157 that the number of write failures is not 0, the process returns to step S153, and the subsequent processes are repeated. If it is determined in step S157 that the number of write failures is 0, the process proceeds to step S158.

  In step S158, the media control unit 152 resets the bad sector information in the nonvolatile memory 33. That is, the media control unit 152 sets the number of write failures in the bad sector information of the nonvolatile memory 33 to 0, and deletes the bad sector number and the sector count. Thereafter, the processing proceeds to step S159.

  On the other hand, if it is determined in step S152 that the number of write failures is 0, the process proceeds to step S159.

  In step S159, the media control unit 152 requests the format control unit 174 of the device driver 103 corresponding to the requested recording medium 104 to perform the format process, and the format control unit 174 performs the format process of the recording medium 104. Let it run. That is, in step S159, the format control unit 174 controls the drive 36 in response to a request from the media control unit 152, controls the drive 36, and performs a format process for initializing the recording medium 104. The result is notified to the media control unit 152.

  In response to this, the media control unit 152 notifies the result of the formatting process to an upper application that executes the formatting process of the recording medium 104, and the formatting process of FIG.

  In the example of FIG. 7, the case where the reading process of the recording medium 104 based on the bad sector information is performed before the actual formatting process in step S159 has been described. However, for example, before the step S151, the reading process is actually performed. After the format process is performed, the recording medium 104 can be read based on the bad sector information.

  In this case, for example, it is possible to cope with the recording medium 104 in which the bad sector information registered in the bad sector registration process executed on the recording medium 104 is erased by the formatting process.

  That is, in such a recording medium 104, if the formatting process is performed after the reading process of the recording medium 104, the defect registered by the reading process of the recording medium 104 before the replacement sector process is activated. Sector information may be erased. Therefore, depending on the type of the recording medium 104, the formatting process can be performed by performing the reading process of the recording medium 104 based on the bad sector information after the formatting process is actually performed before step S151. It is possible to prevent the bad sector information registered in the bad sector registration process executed on the recording medium 104 from being erased.

  As described above, when the recording medium 104 is formatted, the reading process based on the bad sector information stored in the nonvolatile memory 33 is performed, so that the recording medium 104 ( In other words, it is possible to effectively execute the replacement sector process inside the HDD).

  Therefore, when the write process is performed on the sector that failed to be written next time, in most cases, the replacement sector process has been completed, and even if the logical sector is the same, the physical sector is different. Data can be written in a desired sector. That is, it becomes possible to restore the sector in which the writing has failed to a recordable / reproducible state again.

  In addition, the time for formatting the recording medium 104 according to the user's instruction is originally the time when the user is in a waiting state, similarly to the time for the mounting process. Performing the process is effective for the user because, for example, it is less burdensome than when performing other processes.

  Next, another example of the mounting process of FIG. 6 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. The processes in steps S171, S172, S174 to S178, S180, and S181 in FIG. 8 are basically the same as the processes in steps S131 to S139 in FIG. Omitted as appropriate.

  In step S171, the media control unit 152 reads bad sector information from the nonvolatile memory 33, and in step S172, determines whether the number of write failures described in the first two bytes of the bad sector information is zero.

  If it is determined in step S172 that the number of write failures is not 0, the process proceeds to step S173. In step S173, the media control unit 152 determines whether or not the number of write failures is less than a preset threshold. If the media control unit 152 determines that the number of write failures is less than the threshold, the process proceeds to step S174. .

  In step S174, the media control unit 152 reads one combination of the bad sector number and the sector count from the bad sector information, requests the read control unit 172 of the device driver 103 in steps S175 and S176, Then, the process of reading data from the sector based on the combination of the read bad sector number and the sector count is executed.

  That is, in response to a request from the media control unit 152, the read control unit 172 sets a timeout value in accordance with the read process of the recording medium 104 that is an HDD in step S175, and controls the drive 36 in step S176. The data of N sectors indicated by the sector count is read from the sector of the bad sector number on the recording medium 104, and the read data is stored in the read buffer memory 182. The read control unit 172 notifies the media control unit 152 of the processing result based on the response from the drive 36.

  At this time, in the recording medium 104 (that is, the HDD), when these sectors (sector area of bad sector number to sector area of N sector) are destroyed, data is not read from these sectors. Therefore, the bad sector registration process is executed. As a result, alternate sector processing is activated within the recording medium 104.

  In step S177, the media control unit 152 decrements the number of bad sector information write failures, and in step S178, determines whether the number of bad sector information write failures is zero. If it is determined in step S178 that the number of write failures is not 0, the process returns to step S174, and the subsequent processes are repeated. If it is determined in step S178 that the number of write failures is 0, the process proceeds to step S180.

  If it is determined in step S173 that the number of write failures is equal to or greater than the threshold, the process proceeds to step S179. In this case, since the number of write failures is too large, that is, there are too many sectors destroyed in the recording medium 104, the media control unit 152 requests the read control unit 172 of the device driver 103 in step S179, Data reading processing is sequentially executed on the entire surface of the recording medium 104.

  That is, the read control unit 172 controls the drive 36 in step S179 to sequentially read data from the entire surface of the recording medium 104, and accumulates the read data in the read buffer memory 182. The read control unit 172 notifies the media control unit 152 of the processing result based on the response from the drive 36. Thereafter, the processing proceeds to step S180.

  Also at this time, in the recording medium 104 (that is, the HDD), when the read sector is destroyed, data is not read from these sectors, so that the bad sector registration process is executed. As a result, alternate sector processing is activated within the recording medium 104.

  In this case, since there are too many sectors destroyed in the recording medium 104, this is notified to the higher-level application 101, and the recording medium 104 is notified that there are many sectors destroyed. An image or the like can be displayed on the display 16 to notify the user. Thus, when the recording medium 104 is detachable, the user can replace or repair the recording medium 104 before it becomes abnormal.

  In step S180, the media control unit 152 resets the bad sector information in the nonvolatile memory 33. That is, the media control unit 152 sets the number of write failures in the bad sector information in the nonvolatile memory 33 to 0, and deletes the bad sector number and the sector count. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S181.

  On the other hand, also when it is determined in step S172 that the number of write failures is 0, the process proceeds to step S181.

  In step S181, the media control unit 152 requests the mount control unit 173 of the device driver 103 corresponding to the requested recording medium 104 to perform a mount process, and causes the mount control unit 173 to perform the mount process of the recording medium 104. Let it run. That is, in step S181, the mount control unit 173 controls the drive 36 in response to a request from the media control unit 152, causes the recording medium 104 to be recognized, and performs a mount process for enabling recording and reproduction. Is notified to the media control unit 152.

  In response to this, the media control unit 152 notifies the result of the mounting process to a higher-order application that executes the mounting process of the recording medium 104, and the mounting process in FIG.

  In the example of FIG. 8, the case where the reading process of the recording medium 104 based on the defective sector information is performed before the actual mounting process in step S181 has been described. It is also possible to perform the reading process of the recording medium 104 based on the bad sector information after the mounting process is performed.

  As described above, when the recording medium 104 is mounted, the reading process based on the bad sector information stored in the nonvolatile memory 33 is performed, and if the number of write failures is too large, the entire recording medium 104 Thus, the alternate sector process can be efficiently activated inside the recording medium 104 (that is, the HDD) for the sector that failed to be written at the time of writing.

  Next, the format process of the recording medium 104 in the recording / reproducing apparatus 1 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. The processes in steps S201, S202, S204 to S208, S210, and S211 in FIG. 9 are basically the same as the processes in steps S151 to S159 in FIG. Omitted as appropriate.

  In step S201, the media control unit 152 reads bad sector information from the nonvolatile memory 33, and in step S202, determines whether the number of write failures described in the first two bytes is zero.

  If it is determined in step S202 that the number of write failures is not 0, the process proceeds to step S203. In step S203, the media control unit 152 determines whether or not the number of write failures is less than a preset threshold. If the media control unit 152 determines that the number of write failures is less than the threshold, the process proceeds to step S204. .

  In step S204, the media control unit 152 reads one combination of the bad sector number and the sector count from the bad sector information. In steps S205 and S206, the media control unit 152 requests the read control unit 172 of the device driver 103 to read the combination. Then, the process of reading data from the sector based on the combination of the read bad sector number and the sector count is executed.

  That is, in response to a request from the media control unit 152, the read control unit 172 sets a timeout value in accordance with the read process of the recording medium 104 that is an HDD in step S205, and controls the drive 36 in step S206. The data of N sectors indicated by the sector count is read from the sector of the bad sector number on the recording medium 104, and the read data is stored in the read buffer memory 182. The read control unit 172 notifies the media control unit 152 of the processing result based on the response from the drive 36.

  At this time, in the recording medium 104 (that is, the HDD), when these sectors (sector area of bad sector number to sector area of N sector) are destroyed, data is not read from these sectors. Therefore, the bad sector registration process is executed. As a result, alternate sector processing is activated within the recording medium 104.

  In step S207, the media control unit 152 decrements the number of bad sector information write failures. In step S208, the media control unit 152 determines whether the number of bad sector information write failures is zero. If it is determined in step S208 that the number of write failures is not 0, the process returns to step S204, and the subsequent processes are repeated. When it is determined in step S208 that the number of write failures is 0, the process proceeds to step S210.

  If it is determined in step S203 that the number of write failures is equal to or greater than the threshold, the process proceeds to step S209. In this case, since the number of write failures is too large, that is, there are too many destroyed sectors, in step S209, the media control unit 152 requests the read control unit 172 of the device driver 103 to perform the entire recording medium 104. In response to this, sequential data read processing is executed.

  That is, the read control unit 172 controls the drive 36 in step S209 to sequentially read data from the entire surface of the recording medium 104, and accumulates the read data in the read buffer memory 182. The read control unit 172 notifies the media control unit 152 of the processing result based on the response from the drive 36. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S210.

  Also at this time, in the recording medium 104 (that is, the HDD), when the read sector is destroyed, data is not read from these sectors, so that the bad sector registration process is executed. As a result, alternate sector processing is activated within the recording medium 104.

  In this case as well, as in the case of the example of FIG. 8, the recording medium 104 has too many destroyed sectors. An image or the like notifying that there are many destroyed sectors can be displayed on the display 16 to notify the user.

  In step S210, the media control unit 152 resets bad sector information in the nonvolatile memory 33. That is, the media control unit 152 sets the number of write failures in the bad sector information in the nonvolatile memory 33 to 0, and deletes the bad sector number and the sector count. Thereafter, the process proceeds to step S211.

  On the other hand, also when it is determined in step S202 that the number of write failures is 0, the process proceeds to step S211.

  In step S <b> 211, the media control unit 152 requests the format control unit 174 of the device driver 103 corresponding to the requested recording medium 104 to perform format processing, and causes the format control unit 174 to perform format processing of the recording medium 104. Let it run. That is, in step S211, the format control unit 174 controls the drive 36 in response to a request from the media control unit 152, controls the drive 36, and performs a format process for initializing the recording medium 104. The result is notified to the media control unit 152.

  In response to this, the media control unit 152 notifies the result of the formatting process to a higher-level application that executes the formatting process of the recording medium 104, and the formatting process in FIG.

  In the example of FIG. 9, the case where the reading process of the recording medium 104 based on the bad sector information is performed before the actual formatting process in step S211 has been described. However, for example, before the step S201, the reading process is actually performed. After the format process is performed, the recording medium 104 can be read based on the bad sector information.

  In this case, for example, it is possible to cope with the recording medium 104 in which the bad sector information registered in the bad sector registration process executed in the recording medium 104 is erased by the formatting process.

  As described above, when the recording medium 104 is formatted, the reading process based on the defective sector information stored in the nonvolatile memory 33 is performed, and if the number of write failures is too large, the entire recording medium 104 Thus, the alternate sector process can be efficiently activated inside the recording medium 104 (that is, the HDD) for the sector that failed to be written at the time of writing.

  Since the present invention is particularly effective when applied to an HDD, the above description has been made using the recording medium 104 that is an HDD. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and random access is possible. The present invention can be applied to all kinds of recording media and various devices used for the control. The present invention can also be applied to a detachable recording medium in the same manner as the recording medium built in the main body. The file system may be UDF (Universal Disk Format) or the like, and is not limited to FAT32 or FAT16.

  In addition, for a recording medium that can obtain a retry effect when a dummy reading process is not inserted, the recording process that does not update bad sector information is performed by first determining the type of the recording medium 104. It can also be done. In this case, since the number of write failures in the bad sector information is 0, the dummy read process is not executed during the mount process or the format process.

  As described above, in recording processing having retry control combined with processing for updating bad sector information, recording data of various files such as moving images, still images, and audio on a recording medium, vibration, shock, temperature Even if the sector being accessed is destroyed due to humidity, humidity, or other factors, the alternate sector processing is effectively performed in the HDD during the next mounting or formatting process. Then, the destroyed sector can be restored to a recordable / reproducible state again.

  In the above, an example in which the present invention is applied to a recording / reproducing apparatus has been described. However, the present invention can also be applied to a general-purpose personal computer. FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the personal computer 601. The embodiment of the recording apparatus for recording on the recording medium to which the present invention is applied is not limited to the recording / reproducing apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 and the personal computer 601 shown in FIG. 10, but uses a predetermined file system. Any recording apparatus capable of controlling recording and reading of the recording medium may be used. Specifically, for example, various embodiments such as a PDA (Personal Digital Assistants), a mobile phone, or a digital appliance (for example, a television receiver or a hard disk recording device) are possible.

  In the example of FIG. 10, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) 611 executes various processes according to a program stored in a ROM (Read Only Memory) 612 or a storage unit 618. A RAM (Random Access Memory) 613 appropriately stores programs executed by the CPU 611 and data. These CPU 611, ROM 612, and RAM 613 are connected to each other by a bus 614.

  An input / output interface 615 is also connected to the CPU 611 via the bus 614. The input / output interface 615 includes input devices such as a keyboard 631 for inputting text by a user, a mouse 632 as an example of a pointing device, a scanner 633 for inputting an image, and a microphone 634 for inputting sound. Output from an input unit 616, a display unit 641 such as a display, a speaker 642 that outputs sound, a printer 643 that prints characters or images on paper and outputs a so-called hard copy, a plotter 644 that draws characters or images on paper An output unit 617 composed of devices is connected.

  Further, the input / output interface 615 includes an HDD 619 for recording programs and various data, a USB (Universal Serial Bus) interface 651, an IEEE (Institute) for communicating data via a LAN (Local Area Network) or a network including the Internet. A communication unit 618 including a 1394 interface 652, a Bluetooth interface 653, an IEEE 802.11 interface 654, and the like is connected.

  The USB interface 651 communicates with other devices via a cable (by wired communication) based on the USB standard. The IEEE1394 interface 652 communicates with other devices via a cable based on the IEEE1394 standard. Similarly, the Bluetooth interface 653 performs wireless communication with other devices based on the Bluetooth standard. The IEEE802.11 interface 654 performs wireless communication with other devices based on standards such as IEEE802.11a, IEEE802.11b, or IEEE802.11g.

  A drive 620 is connected to the input / output interface 615 as necessary, and a magnetic disk 661, an optical disk 662, a magneto-optical disk 663, a semiconductor memory 664, or the like is appropriately mounted, and a computer program read from them is loaded. Installed in the HDD 619 as necessary.

  The drive 620 reads data recorded on a recording medium such as a magnetic disk 661, an optical disk 662, a magneto-optical disk 663, or a semiconductor memory 664 mounted based on the control of the CPU 611 and supplies the data to the CPU 611. Further, the data supplied from the CPU 611 is stored in the magnetic disk 661, the optical disk 662, the magneto-optical disk 663, or the semiconductor memory 664 mounted on the drive 620.

  The series of processes described above can be executed by hardware, or can be executed by software. When the above-described series of processing is executed by software, a program constituting the software is installed from a network such as the Internet or a recording medium such as a removable medium.

  This recording medium is a magnetic disk (including a floppy disk (registered trademark)) 661 on which a program is recorded, which is distributed to distribute the program to the user, separately from the apparatus main body shown in FIG. (Including CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read Only Memory), DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)) 662, magneto-optical disk (including MD (Mini-Disk) (registered trademark)) 663, or semiconductor memory 664 This includes not only a removable medium but also a ROM 612 in which a program is recorded and a hard disk included in the HDD 619, which is distributed to the user in a state of being incorporated in the apparatus main body in advance.

  In the present specification, the step of describing the program stored in the program recording medium is not limited to the processing performed in time series in the order described, but is not necessarily performed in time series. Or the process performed separately is also included.

It is a figure which shows the structural example which concerns on one Embodiment of the recording / reproducing apparatus to which this invention is applied. FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a mechanism for recording data on a recording medium or reading data from the recording medium in the recording / reproducing apparatus of FIG. 1. It is a block diagram which shows the functional structural example of the software performed with CPU of FIG. It is a figure which shows the structural example of the bad sector information memorize | stored in the non-volatile memory of FIG. 3 is a flowchart for explaining recording medium recording processing in the recording / reproducing apparatus of FIG. 1. 3 is a flowchart for explaining a recording medium mounting process in the recording / reproducing apparatus of FIG. 1. 6 is a flowchart for explaining a recording medium formatting process in the recording / reproducing apparatus of FIG. 1. 6 is a flowchart for explaining another example of a recording medium mounting process in the recording / reproducing apparatus of FIG. 1. 6 is a flowchart for explaining another example of a recording medium formatting process in the recording / reproducing apparatus of FIG. 1. It is a block diagram which shows the structural example of one Embodiment of the computer to which this invention is applied.

Explanation of symbols

  1 recording / playback device, 16 display, 31 RAM, 33 non-volatile memory, 36 drive, 51 CPU, 101 application, 102 file system, 103 device driver, 104 recording medium, 151 recording control unit, 152 media control unit, 171 writing Control unit, 172 Read control unit, 173 Mount control unit, 174 Format control unit

Claims (7)

In a recording apparatus for recording data on a recording medium,
Write control means for controlling the writing of data to an area of a predetermined recording unit of the recording medium;
Write determination means for determining whether or not the writing of the data to the area of the predetermined recording unit is successful;
And a storage unit configured to store information on an area of the predetermined recording unit in which the data writing has failed when the writing determining unit determines that the data writing has failed. Mount control means for controlling the mounting process of the recording medium;
The predetermined recording unit based on the information of the area of the predetermined recording unit in which the writing of the data stored in the storage unit failed during the mounting process of the recording medium controlled by the mount control unit The recording apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a reading control unit that controls reading of data from the area. A number of times determination means for determining whether or not the number of write failures described in the information of the area of the predetermined recording unit in which the writing of the data stored in the storage means has failed is greater than a predetermined threshold;
The recording apparatus according to claim 2, wherein when the number determination unit determines that the number of write failures is greater than a predetermined threshold, the read control unit sequentially controls reading from the entire surface of the recording medium. Format control means for controlling format processing of the recording medium;
The predetermined recording unit based on the information of the area of the predetermined recording unit in which the writing of the data stored in the storage unit failed during the formatting process of the recording medium controlled by the format control unit The recording apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: a reading control unit that controls reading of data from the area. A number of times determination means for determining whether or not the number of write failures described in the information of the area of the predetermined recording unit in which the writing of the data stored in the storage means has failed is greater than a predetermined threshold;
The recording apparatus according to claim 4, wherein when the number determination unit determines that the number of write failures is greater than a predetermined threshold, the read control unit sequentially controls reading from the entire surface of the recording medium. In a recording method of a recording apparatus for recording data on a recording medium,
Controlling the writing of data to a predetermined recording unit area of the recording medium;
Determining whether the data has been successfully written to the predetermined recording unit area;
A recording method including a step of storing, in a storage unit, information on an area of the predetermined recording unit in which the data writing has failed when it is determined that the data writing has failed. In a recording device that records data on a recording medium,
Controlling the writing of data to a predetermined recording unit area of the recording medium;
Determining whether the data has been successfully written to the predetermined recording unit area;
When it is determined that the data writing has failed, a program for executing processing including a step of storing in a storage unit information on an area of the predetermined recording unit in which the data writing has failed.

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