JP2007334683A - Planning method, planning system, and planning program of facility for safe evacuation of building - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a planning method, a planning system, and a planning program for automatically changing a facility condition for safe evacuation of a building and verifying the safety thereof, and designating the priority when changing the condition. <P>SOLUTION: The degree of smoke spreading to the periphery from a fire breaking room in a building is simulated. The smoke fall time from the generation of a fire until an evacuating person hardly breathes due to the fall of the smoke from a ceiling in rooms 2, 4, etc., and in a passage 10 is calculated, and compared with the evacuation time required for a resident to evacuate from an arbitrary room to the outside of the room or to an evacuation gate from a floor of the room after the fire breaks. If the smoke fall time is longer than the evacuation time, the facility condition is acceptable. If the smoke fall time is shorter than the evacuation time, the facility condition is not acceptable. By repeating the above-described processes by improving the facility condition, a plurality of countermeasures are prepared, the ranking is given thereto based on the economical efficiency or the like, and the facility condition is automatically improved. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a facility planning method, a planning system, and a planning program for safe evacuation of a building, and more particularly to a method, system, and program for performing planning for safe evacuation that conforms to the evacuation safety verification method.

In recent years, there has been a strong demand for securing safe evacuation routes for buildings against fire. In order to respond to this request, the Evacuation Safety Verification Law has been defined, and this law defines the following calculation method.
(a) Confirm that people in the fire room (including those who cannot escape without passing through the fire room) can safely evacuate outside (room evacuation calculation).
(b) Confirm that people on the verification floor including the fire room (including those who cannot escape without passing through that floor) can evacuate from that floor (floor evacuation calculation).
(c) Consider evacuation from the entire building (entire evacuation calculation).

  In (a), as shown in FIG. 9, the room evacuation end time (= evacuation start time + walking time + exit passage time) for all occupants to evacuate outside the room for each room on the floor to be verified. ) And the smoke descent time required for the smoke to descend from the floor of the room to a predetermined height (1.8 m). And if the former is shorter than the latter, the safe evacuation from a living room shall be verified. Also, in (b), as shown in FIG. 10, for each assumed fire room, the floor evacuation end time for all persons on the verification floor to finish evacuation to the direct staircase, and smoke on the evacuation route The smoke descent time required to descend from the floor to a predetermined height is calculated. And if the former is shorter than the latter, the safe evacuation from the floor is verified. The description of (c) is omitted.

  Since these evacuation calculations are cumbersome, numerical values can be easily input to a computer storing a calculation procedure program, and calculation is performed by a machine (Patent Document 1).

In addition, in order to calculate the above-mentioned floor evacuation end time, an evacuation route must be determined. This route is the longest route from the fire room to multiple evacuation stairway exits on the verification floor. It is understood that it should be. Since this longest route changes depending on the design specifications, it is not easy to select this evacuation route. Therefore, an apparatus that automatically selects an evacuation route and automatically calculates an evacuation end time has been proposed (Patent Document 2).
JP 2002-259467 JP2004-362004

    The devices of Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 can only easily input data and calculate the longest evacuation route when verifying safe evacuation of a room / floor for a building with a certain design specification. If the verification result of one specification is defective, the specification must be changed and verified again. In this case, it is not appropriate to rely on the intuition of the worker as to where and how to change because the proficiency level of the work is a problem. In addition, if it is checked at random, it takes an enormous amount of time. Furthermore, in actual designs, secondary requirements such as interior and workability are often required while ensuring safety of evacuation.

    The present invention is a facility planning method / system and program for safe evacuation of a building, which can automatically and continuously process changes in facility conditions and verification of safety. The purpose is to propose the one that can specify the priority order when changing.

The first means is a facility planning method for safe evacuation of buildings,
Assuming that a fire broke out from one of a plurality of rooms 2, 4 ... connected to the evacuation routes A and B via the passage 10 on one floor in the building,
A. Simulate the spread of smoke from the fire room to the surroundings according to the equipment conditions for each smoke path,
B. Based on the simulation results, calculate the smoke fall time from the time of the fire until the evacuees have difficulty breathing due to the smoke fall from the ceiling in each of the rooms 2, 4.
C. Compared to the evacuation time required for a occupant from any room to escape from the room to the outside of the room or from the floor with the room to the evacuation exit from the time of the fire,
D. When the smoke fall time is longer than the evacuation time, the equipment conditions are acceptable,
E. When the smoke fall time is shorter than the evacuation time, in the facility planning method for safe evacuation, the facility condition is disabled, the facility condition is improved, and the steps A to C are repeated.
As measures to improve the above equipment conditions, a plurality of measures including at least one of smoke generation conditions, smoke emission conditions, smoke shielding conditions, and room shape conditions are set,
The content is to give an order to these measures for improving the equipment conditions in advance based on a value standard such as economic efficiency and to attempt to improve the equipment conditions mechanically in the order of the order.

  This measure consists of a procedure for verification of building evacuation safety and a procedure for design / improvement of equipment conditions, and verification and improvement are repeated until a satisfactory result is obtained. Such a procedure requires both simple arithmetic processing and human value judgment. However, in the present invention, all processes can be automatically performed by adding an order to prepared measures. Note that “mechanically” means that it is suitable for processing by a machine such as a computer, and all procedures are not necessarily performed by a machine.

  "Smoke fall time" is a concept that includes both the room smoke fall time and floor smoke fall time referred to in the Evacuation Safety Verification Act, and "evacuation time" refers to the room evacuation time and floor evacuation referred to in the law. It is a concept that includes all of time.

  A “room” is a certain space surrounded by a ceiling, a floor, and a wall. A room used for a person's residence is particularly called a living room, and a simple room includes a machine room.

  The “facility improvement measures” may include at least one of the exemplified smoke emission conditions, smoke emission conditions, smoke shielding conditions, and room shape conditions, and may include other conditions. Here, the smoke generation conditions are conditions related to the volume and speed of smoke, such as the type of interior material used in the room, and the smoke emission conditions are the conditions of the smoke exhaust equipment, such as the type of exhaust fan and the set value of the volume of smoke. It is a condition related to the capacity, the smoke shielding condition is a condition related to the grade of the performance of the fire door, and the room shape condition is the height of the ceiling of the room or the height of the entrance / exit It is a condition. For example, in the case of smoke emission conditions, there may be any number of different matters in various conditions, such as an increase in smoke emission amount accompanied by a change in the type of fan and an increase in smoke emission amount not accompanied by a change.

    “Order” refers to the order in which conditions are tried first. For example, exhaustion condition 1 with an emphasis on economy (increased smoke emission without fan type) → smoke prevention condition 1 (adoption of fire prevention equipment) → smoke prevention condition 2 (smoke prevention fire prevention equipment) → smoke emission condition 2 (fan This is like an increase in the amount of smoke that accompanies the type change. The reason why the order is different even for the same condition is that, even if the type of condition is the same, for example, there is a large difference in construction cost between when the exhaust fan is replaced and when it is not.

The second means includes the first means and, as the above-mentioned value standard, provides different kinds of standards such as economic efficiency, designability, workability, etc., and each equipment condition is previously set for each standard. In order to improve the equipment conditions, the order of improvement measures can be switched by changing the value criteria.

  For example, changing the interior can be relatively easy in terms of cost compared to the introduction of fire prevention equipment, but there are cases where it is desired to avoid the design because the material is limited. On the other hand, changing the type of exhaust fan is difficult from a cost standpoint, but it is relatively easy from a design standpoint because there is no need to modify the interior of the building. From these viewpoints, it is possible to determine an order for each standard, and to propose a suitable improvement plan such as a design with an emphasis on economy and a design with an emphasis on design according to the request of the contractor.

ここで各基準毎に上記の如く方策を配列した理由に関して説明する。経済性重視の基準に関しては、排煙量はファンの変更が生じない範囲なら簡易な変更であり、まずはこの範囲で変更を行う。次に内装の変更を行うが、使用できる内装材に制限が生ずるためにコストへの影響がある。扉のグレード（等級）をあげると、扉コストの増加が生ずる（防火設備・遮煙防火設備共通）。天井高さをあげると、壁の面積が増加しコスト増となる。尚、階高などにより天井高さに制限が生ずる。ファンの変更となる排気量の増加は、ファンと非常用電源のコスト増が生ずるため、出来るだけ避けたい方策である。デザイン重視の基準に関しては、排煙量はデザインには影響しないので、まず最初に検討する。内装材の変更は利用できる壁材に制限が生ずるが、選べる範囲で設計者の意匠に適合したものを選択する。また扉を防火扉などに変更すると扉のデザインが無骨となり易いのでなるべくなら避けたい。更に天井高さの変更は、部屋のイメージが大きく変わるため、出来るだけ避けたい。施工性重視の基準では、経済性重視の基準に近いが、天井高さの変更は工期との関係で避けたいため、ファンの変更を先に検討する。

Here, the reason why the measures are arranged as described above for each reference will be described. With regard to the economy-oriented standard, the smoke emission amount is a simple change if it does not change the fan, and is first changed within this range. Next, the interior is changed, but there is a cost impact because there are restrictions on the interior materials that can be used. Increasing the door grade will increase the door cost (common to fire and smoke and fire prevention equipment). Increasing the ceiling height increases the wall area and costs. The ceiling height is limited by the floor height. The increase in exhaust volume resulting from a change in the fan increases the cost of the fan and the emergency power supply. Regarding design-oriented standards, the amount of flue gas will not affect the design, so we will consider it first. The change of the interior material is limited in the wall material that can be used, but select the one that fits the designer's design within the range that can be selected. Also, if you change the door to a fire door, etc., the door design tends to be rugged, so you should avoid it if possible. In addition, changing the ceiling height should be avoided as much as possible because the image of the room changes greatly. In terms of workability-oriented standards, it is close to the economy-oriented standards, but since it is desirable to avoid changing the ceiling height in relation to the construction period, consider changing the fan first.

    It should be noted that the contents of Table 1 are examples of a preferable policy order, and it is needless to say that the contents can be changed as appropriate. For example, a part of the above-described measures can be omitted or another measure can be added according to the purpose of the building or the intention of the architect. It is also possible to add the order of measures according to different criteria, for example, the above-mentioned criteria for emphasizing workability, as a new column.

The third means has the second means, and in the above-mentioned economic value standard, out of the plurality of measures, the first order of the exhaust fan exhaust amount and the second and subsequent measures are tried. In this case, the initial value of the displacement is set to zero.

  In this measure, in the planning with an emphasis on economy, the first trial measure is to increase the amount of smoke that is the lowest cost. The verification is performed by increasing the amount of smoke exhausted by a certain amount, and if the verification is not good even if the amount of smoke exhaust reaches the limit, the next trial is attempted. As zero, the optimum amount of smoke emission can be selected for each trial measure.

The evacuation time is long among a plurality of smoke paths from the rooms 2, 4... To the evacuation paths A and B having any one of the fourth means and the first to third means. In order from the route, calculation and comparison of smoke fall time and evacuation time are performed.

The fifth means is a planning system suitable for performing the planning method of any one of the first means to the fourth means,
Input means 12 for inputting information such as numerical values necessary for planning;
Storage means 14 for storing information such as inputted numerical values;
Computing means 16 for calculating the evacuation time and smoke descent time for each room;
A judging means 18 for judging safety of evacuation from these evacuation time and smoke descent time;
Display means 20 representing the determination result;
Improvement means 22 for improving the equipment conditions when the safety is not ensured,
With
The storage unit 14 stores a database of improvement measures for facility conditions prepared in advance, and the improvement unit 22 is configured so that the improvement measures can be tried sequentially in a predetermined order. ing.

  This means proposes a planning system suitable for the above-described planning method. “Suitable” means not excluding those that can also perform other planning methods. Regarding improvement measures, “You can try sequentially in a predetermined order.” The standard function is to try mechanically in that order, and it is verified by joint work between machines and people. It is meant to include what performs. For example, the operator may instruct to add a policy that is not included in the order, or may give an instruction related to the policy (designation of an increase in displacement or ceiling height, etc.).

The sixth means is a computer program for planning, has the fifth means, and the improvement means 22 relates to verification of ensuring safety when the above-mentioned evacuation safety is not ensured. Display the evacuation time and smoke descent time on the display means 20 for all rooms
The improvement means 22 is a computer program for planning, and is configured to display on the display means 20 a plurality of measures including improvement measures according to the above-mentioned order and to try the measures selected by the user. .

  In this means, a calculation for verification is processed by a machine so that a person can make a judgment at a necessary place. Data necessary for the determination is displayed on the display means. In general, it is sufficient to compare the evacuation time and smoke fall time of each room in the room evacuation safety verification, and in the floor evacuation safety verification, it is sufficient to compare the longest floor evacuation time and the shortest floor smoke fall time of each floor. Then, for example, the evacuation time and smoke drop time of all the rooms on the verification target floor are preferably displayed in a list or a table format that can be listed. As a result, it is possible to make a comprehensive determination such as whether there is a problem in only a part of the route or whether there is a problem in all the routes, and an appropriate measure can be selected.

    A seventh means is characterized in that the computer is configured to function as each means of input / storage / calculation / determination / improvement described in the fifth or sixth means.

The invention according to the first means has the following effects.
○ Establish multiple measures to improve equipment conditions, perform safe evacuation verification with one measure, and if the verification result is bad, try to verify with the next measure, so verification and design change automatically and quickly Can be done.
○ Since each system has an order based on certain value standards, it is possible to propose design changes with high value by reflecting human value standards in machine judgment.

  According to the invention relating to the second means, the order of the equipment conditions is determined in accordance with a plurality of value standards such as economy, designability, and workability, and the value standards are switched, so that each standard is met. The best design change can be achieved.

  According to the invention relating to the third means, in the economic value standard, among the plurality of measures, the exhaust air amount of the exhaust fan is the first in the order, and the initial value when the second and subsequent measures are tried. Since zero is set to zero, the most suitable one of the second and subsequent methods can be selected, and at the same time, the displacement can be optimized, which is advantageous.

  According to the fourth aspect of the invention, since the safety evacuation verification is performed in order from the route with the long evacuation time, the verification can be performed with less effort.

  According to the invention relating to the fifth means, by executing the methods of the first means to the fourth means by the planning system, it is possible to reflect the judgment and experience of the person in the computing ability of the machine, and quickly. Accurate evacuation verification can be performed.

  According to the sixth aspect of the invention, since the judgment of an actual person and the verification procedure based on the machine operation are combined, more flexible and reliable verification is possible.

  According to the seventh aspect of the invention, the planning system according to the fifth means can be configured by causing the existing computer to read the program.

  1-6 is a figure for demonstrating the planning method of the facility for the safe evacuation of the building based on this invention.

  First, for convenience of explanation, the structure of the target floor of a building to which the method of the present invention shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 is applied is shown. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the target floor, and offices 1, 2, 6 and conference rooms 7, 8, 9 are provided on both sides of a corridor (or passage) 10 that crosses the floor in the longitudinal direction. . In addition, the front rooms 3, 4, and 5 are provided between the office rooms 1 and 2 and the hallway 10. Both ends of the corridor 10 lead to stairs (or evacuation paths) A and B, respectively.

In the evacuation safety verification method, it is required to verify whether it is possible to evacuate safely from each room to stairs A and B for each of the cases where all of the rooms 1 and the corridor 10 are in a fire. Yes. In FIG. 2, the evacuation route from each room is indicated by a dotted line. Each of these rooms is preset with room floor area A _room , average ceiling height H _room , smoke generation amount Vs, effective smoke emission Ve, etc. Time ts is set in advance. FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view along the route direction of the office room 6 → the corridor 10 → the staircase A with the shortest smoke fall time.
[Formula 1] ts = A _room × (H _room −1.8) / max (Vs−Ve, 0.01)
In addition, the evacuation start time and walking time are set based on the size and use of each room and the length of the corridor, and the exit passage time is set based on the structure of the exit of the room or corridor, and these are accumulated to set the floor evacuation time for each room. To do. FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the route of the office room 2 → the front room 5 → the corridor 10 → the stairs A having the longest floor evacuation time.

FIG. 5 systematically represents a route from each room to the staircase through the hallway. Also, in this figure, as the original design, for each room, data such as room area, number of evacuation, ceiling height, interior materials, smoke exhausting equipment, indoor walking time, floor walking time, etc., and for each exit, Data such as door width, door height, and door fire prevention equipment are listed. Doors d _{1 to} d _{13 in} the table are all “other doors” referred to in the evacuation safety verification method, that is, doors that are not fire prevention equipment. The interior materials shall be semi-incombustible materials, the ceiling height shall be 2.8m, and the smoke emission in each room shall be 1m ³ / min per 1m ² of floor area. The detailed data necessary for verification of room safety evacuation is shown in Table 2 below.

次に図１に基づいて本発明のプログラミング方法の手順を説明する。
(1)各室に関して、室安全避難検証を行う。

Next, the procedure of the programming method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
(1) Conduct room safety evacuation verification for each room.

Since the verification method itself is known, it will be briefly described. The evacuation start time that is used to validate the method t _start, walking time t _{travel i,} excavated passes required time t _queue are respectively applied to the following formula 2-4. Using the data in FIG. 5 and Table 2, each time is calculated for each room, and the numerical values are accumulated to obtain the room evacuation time. When calculating for the office room 2, t _escape = t _start + t _travel + t _queue = 0.236 + 0.129 + 0.078 = 0.443 (minutes). Moreover, smoke fall time becomes ts = 50 * (2.8-1.8) / max (131.828-20.0,0.01) = 0.447 from the above-mentioned numerical formula 1. Similar calculations are made for all rooms.
[Formula 2] t _start = (√ (ΣA _area )) / 30, where A _area is a room area
[Formula 3] t _travel = max (Σ (h / v))
[Formula 4] t _queue = (ΣpA _area ) / (N _eff B _eff ), where ΣpA _area is the number of people in the room (including people in other rooms who use the exit of the room for evacuation), and N _eff is the effective flow coefficient , B _eff is the effective outlet coefficient)
From the above calculation, the results in the column of room evacuation time and smoke fall time in Table 3 below are obtained. Comparing the room evacuation time and the smoke fall time, the room evacuation time is shorter than the smoke fall time in any room, and therefore the conditions for the room safety evacuation verification are satisfied.

(2)階全体に関して階避難安全検証を行う。

(2) Verify evacuation safety verification for the entire floor.

The evacuation start time t _start , the walking time t _travel , and the excavation passage required time t _queue used in this verification method are given by the following equations 5 to 7, respectively. Regarding the walking time, using the data in Table 2, the floor area total A _floor = 900 m ² , the number of people in the building ΣpA _area = 100 people, the effective flow coefficient N _eff = 90 people / min * m, the stairway exit width B _st = Evacuation start time / walking time / time required to pass through exit is calculated as 0.9 m (common to stairs A and B). Accumulate those numbers to get the room evacuation time. When calculating for the office room 2, t _escape = t _start + t _travel + t _queue = 4.0 + 0.449 + 0.618 = 5.067 (minutes).
[Formula 5] t _start = (A _floor / 30) +3
[Formula 6] t _travel = max (Σ (h / v)), where h is the walking distance from each room to the exit of the floor, and v is the walking speed.
[Formula 7] t _queue = (ΣpA _area ) / (N _eff B _st )

次に階煙降下時間ｔｓは、一般に次の数式８で与えられる。居室（火災室）→前室（伝播室）→階出口に臨む廊下（検証対象室）の順序で煙が流れるものとし、ここで火災室での煙降下時間をｔ_S１、伝播室での煙降下時間をｔ_S２、対象エリアでの煙降下時間をｔ_S３とすると、ｔ_S＝ｔ_S１＋ｔ_S２＋ｔ_S３となる。但し、Ｈ_ｌｉｍは限界煙層高さであり、常時閉鎖式の防火設備又は自動閉鎖装置付き防火設備の場合には床面から出口上端までの最大高さの１／２，その他の構造の場合には、床面から出口上端までの最大高さである。
［数式８］ｔｓ＝Ａ_ｒｏｏｍ×（Ｈ_ｒｏｏｍ−Ｈ_ｌｉｍ）／ｍａｘ（Ｖｓ−Ｖｅ，０．０１）
火災室での煙降下時間の計算に必要なデータを表５に、また伝播室・対象エリアでの煙降下時間の計算に必要なデータを表６にそれぞれ記載する。

Next, the floor smoke fall time ts is generally given by the following formula 8. Smoke flows in the order of living room (fire room) → anterior room (propagation room) → corridor (room to be verified) facing the floor exit, where smoke fall time in the fire room is t _S1 , smoke in the propagation room When the fall time is t _S2 and the smoke fall time in the target area is t _S3 , t _S = t _S1 + t _S2 + t _S3 . However, H _lim is the limit smoke layer height. In the case of a normally closed fire prevention equipment or a fire prevention equipment with an automatic closing device, it is 1/2 of the maximum height from the floor surface to the top of the exit, in the case of other structures Is the maximum height from the floor to the top of the exit.
[Formula 8] ts = A _room × (H _room −H _lim ) / max (Vs−Ve, 0.01)
Table 5 shows the data necessary for calculating the smoke fall time in the fire room, and Table 6 shows the data required for calculating the smoke fall time in the propagation room / target area.

事務室６→廊下10→階段Ａという経路では、ｔ_S＝ｔ_S１＋ｔ_S２＋ｔ_S３＝0.440+0+0.67=1.12(分)となる。表３の右半分に示す階避難安全検証の結果を見ると、各室から避難階段に至る経路に関して、階避難時間が最長の経路は事務室２からの避難経路であり、その階避難時間は5.067分である。また階煙降下時間が最短の経路は上述の事務室６からの避難経路であり、その階煙降下時間は1.116分である。従って階避難時間の最長値ｍａｘ（ｔ_{ｓｔａｒｔ}）が階煙降下時間の最短値ｍｉｎ（ｔ_{ｅｓｃａｐｅ}）よりも長いので、階避難安全検証は不良である。また、参考までに、各経路からの避難経路の階避難時間と、階煙降下時間の最短値とを比較すると、全ての経路の階避難時間が階煙降下時間の最短値よりも長い。従って全ての経路に関して設備の改善策を施すことが必要である。
(3)設備条件を改善する。

In the route of office room 6 → corridor 10 → stairs A, t _S = t _S1 + t _S2 + t _S3 = 0.440 + 0 + 0.67 = 1.12 (minutes). Looking at the results of the floor evacuation safety verification shown in the right half of Table 3, regarding the route from each room to the evacuation stairs, the route with the longest floor evacuation time is the evacuation route from the office 2 and the floor evacuation time is 5.067 minutes. The route with the shortest floor smoke fall time is the escape route from the office 6 described above, and the floor smoke fall time is 1.116 minutes. Accordingly, since the maximum value max (t _start ) of the floor evacuation time is longer than the minimum value min (t _escape ) of the floor smoke fall time, the floor evacuation safety verification is poor. For reference, when comparing the floor evacuation time of the evacuation route from each route and the shortest value of the floor smoke fall time, the floor evacuation time of all routes is longer than the shortest value of the floor smoke fall time. Therefore, it is necessary to take measures to improve the equipment for all routes.
(3) Improve equipment conditions.

For one of the routes from each room to the evacuation exit in the floor evacuation safety verification, when the evacuation time from the verification floor is shorter than the shortest smoke fall time, it was prepared in advance by the following procedure as shown in FIG. Make improvements in each measure. Note that the measures themselves have been conventionally performed, and the emphasis of the present invention is on the order in which these measures are performed and their rearrangements (policy procedures).
(a) Increase in displacement without changing the exhaust fan.

For example, even if the maximum exhaust amount of an exhaust fan currently used is V _max1 , the exhaust amount is generally kept at a predetermined amount less than V _max1 in order to save exhaust energy. If the current is less than the exhaust amount Ve is V _max1, which is increased by .DELTA.V, recalculates the smoke fall time after improvement by Equation 8, as compared to the evacuation time from that floor, the evacuation time smoke drops If it is less than the time, the verification result is good (OK), otherwise the same procedure is repeated until the displacement becomes V _max1 . When not good results even exhaust amount as the maximum value V _max1 proceeds to the next step.
(b) Change of interior materials.

For example, a semi-incombustible material and a non-combustible material are prepared as interior material candidates. If the current material is a quasi-incombustible material, change to non-combustible material, and return the exhaust fan exhaust amount to the initial value V ₀ (<V _max1 ), recalculate the smoke fall time, and the above floor evacuation safety Repeat verification. If the current material is a non-combustible material, proceed to the next stage.
(c) Change of door type 1.

If the current door grade is not equal to or higher than the fire door, change it to a fire door and set the exhaust fan exhaust amount to the initial value V ₀ . Return, recalculate the smoke fall time, and repeat the above floor evacuation safety verification. If the current material is above the fire door, proceed to the next stage.
(d) Change of door type 1.

If the current door grade is not equal to or higher than the smoke-proof fire door, change it to a smoke-proof fire door. At the same time, return the exhaust fan to the initial value V ₀ and recalculate the smoke fall time. Repeat evacuation safety verification. When the current material is more than a smoke-proof fire door, proceed to the next stage.
(e) Increase in ceiling height.

Let Hmax be the upper limit of the ceiling height that can be increased by narrowing the ceiling space without changing the floor height of the building. If the current ceiling height is less than the upper limit, the ceiling height is also increased by δH and the exhaust fan exhaust amount is returned to the initial value V ₀ (<V ₁ ) to recalculate the smoke fall time. Repeat the above-mentioned floor evacuation safety verification. When the current ceiling height is the upper limit value, the process proceeds to the next stage.
(f) Increased displacement with changes in exhaust fan.

Prepared in advance exhaust fan having a large maximum displacement volume V ₂ of the exhaust fan already used. When the current exhaust fan exhaust amount setting value is less than _Vmax2 , the exhaust fan is changed, the current exhaust amount is increased by δV, and the above-described floor evacuation safety verification is repeated. When the exhaust amount of the exhaust fan exceeds _Vmax2 , the process proceeds to the next stage.

  In the illustrated example, all the prepared measures have been tried. When the above process is performed by the computer, if all the prepared measures are tried and a satisfactory verification result is not obtained, it is preferable to report the fact to the user.

  The above procedure is the result of verification based on the economy-oriented standard based on FIG. 1, but the order in which the measures are tried can be changed based on Table 1 described above. For example, FIG. 6 shows a case where improvement is attempted based on the design-oriented criteria in the table. Table 1 lists three examples of economic emphasis, design emphasis, and workability emphasis, but the order of measures based on other criteria may be added as necessary.

  As described above, when the improvement for one of the routes from each room to the evacuation exit is completed, the floor evacuation safety verification of (2) may be continued for the remaining routes.

  In the above (a) to (f), the exhaust amount increase δV and the ceiling height increase δ are preset in order to mechanically process all processes. These increases can be adjusted as appropriate. Further, instead of adding the increment mechanically, it is possible to adopt a semi-automatic format in which the machine (computer) requests an operator's instruction during the calculation and the increment is set by human judgment. Furthermore, if necessary, the computer can be configured so that a part of the procedure of the measures defined in Table 1 can be changed or a procedure can be added or omitted at the discretion of a person.

  Further, in each of the above steps (a) to (f), the exhaust amount of the exhaust fan is returned to the initial value (reset) when moving to the next step. , Change of doors, change of ceiling height), it is possible to perform a reset operation to return to the previous stage. The reason for such an operation is that, for example, when a standard that emphasizes economic efficiency is adopted, the lower the priority, the more costly the improvement effect to evacuation safety is. This is because there is a case where it is not necessary to execute the previous policy redundantly. This will be described later. Such operations can be performed by preprogramming the machine or at the discretion of a person.

  Next, an embodiment in which the equipment configuration of FIG. 5 is improved in such a form that includes human judgment will be described.

First from system configuration of Figure 5, increasing the flue gas of the corridor 10 to 100 m ³ / min to 200 meters ³ / minute. The results are shown in Table 7 below. There was some improvement in the smoke evacuation time from the office room 2 to 1.439 minutes from 1.443 minutes, but the floor evacuation safety verification results are still poor for all rooms. .

次に全室の内装材を準不燃材料から不燃材料に変更した。その結果を検証したのが、次の表８である。室３・４・５からの避難経路に関して避難時間よりも階煙降下時間が長くなるというようにかなりの改善がみられたが、依然として全体としての階避難安全検証の結果は不良である。

Next, the interior materials in all rooms were changed from semi-incombustible materials to non-combustible materials. The results are verified in Table 8 below. Although significant improvements have been made in terms of the evacuation route from rooms 3, 4 and 5 such that the smoke fall time is longer than the evacuation time, the overall floor evacuation safety verification results are still poor.

更に廊下１０の扉を防火扉に変更した。この場合には、火災室から廊下への煙の流入量が大幅に減少して、廊下での煙発生量のＶｓの改善が見込まれるので、これと同時に内燃材を不燃材から準不燃材に戻し、更に廊下１０の排煙量を１００ｍ^３／分に減少させた。その結果を検証したのが、次の表９である。全ての室からの避難経路において階煙降下時間が階避難時間を大幅に上回っており、十分なゆとりをもって階安全避難検証をクリアしていることが判る。この設計を表したものが図７である。

Furthermore, the door of the hallway 10 was changed to a fire door. In this case, the amount of smoke flowing from the fire room to the corridor is greatly reduced, and the Vs of the amount of smoke generated in the corridor is expected to improve. At the same time, the internal combustion material is changed from non-combustible material to semi-incombustible material. In addition, the amount of smoke discharged from the corridor 10 was further reduced to 100 m ³ / min. The results are verified in Table 9 below. It can be seen that the smoke evacuation time in the evacuation route from all rooms significantly exceeds the floor evacuation time, and that the floor safety evacuation verification has been cleared with sufficient clearance. FIG. 7 shows this design.

以上で改善処理を完了しても良いのであるが、前述の通り表８の改善策で避難安全検証に余裕があったことから、試みに廊下１０での排気ファンの排気量の設定を０にした。その結果を表１０に示す。表９に比べて階煙降下時間は短くなったが、それでもなお階避難時間に比べて余裕があり、階避難安全検証をクリアできることが判る。

Although the improvement process may be completed as described above, since the evacuation safety verification has been afforded by the improvement measures in Table 8 as described above, the exhaust fan exhaust amount setting in the corridor 10 is set to 0 in an attempt. did. The results are shown in Table 10. Although the smoke drop time is shorter than that in Table 9, it is still clear that the floor evacuation safety verification can be cleared because there is a margin compared to the floor evacuation time.

図８は本発明に係る建物の安全避難のための設備のプランニングシステムの構成図である。このプランニングシステムは、入力手段１２と、記憶手段１４と、演算手段１６と、判定手段１８と、表示手段２０と、改善手段２２と、出力手段２４とで構成している。

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a facility planning system for building safe evacuation according to the present invention. This planning system includes an input unit 12, a storage unit 14, a calculation unit 16, a determination unit 18, a display unit 20, an improvement unit 22, and an output unit 24.

  The input means 12 is for inputting information such as numerical values necessary for planning for safe evacuation, and may be constituted by a computer keyboard or the like.

  The storage unit 14 stores the input numerical values, and stores the numerical values and mathematical formulas necessary for the verification, previously easy measures and the like in a database.

  The calculation means 16 has a function of calculating the room evacuation time and the room smoke fall time for each room, and further calculating the floor evacuation time and the floor smoke fall time.

  The judgment means 18 compares the room evacuation time for each room with the room smoke fall time for the room evacuation safety verification, and the floor evacuation safety verification for the longest floor evacuation time and the shortest floor smoke fall time. And the safety is determined for each verification.

  The display means 20 preferably displays the determination result visually. For example, as shown in Table 3, the calculation results can be displayed in a table format.

  The improvement means 22 applies an improvement measure to the current design when the safety is not ensured as a result of the verification. As this improvement measure, it is preferable to use one stored in the storage device. The improvement measures shall be tried in the order shown in Table 1. The user can give a detailed command regarding improvement measures using a button (not shown). When improvement measures are taken, return to the computing means and repeat the same operation.

  The output unit 22 is configured to output the verification result to the outside.

It is a flowchart showing the procedure of the method which concerns on this invention. It is a top view of the floor where the method of FIG. 1 is applied. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of one evacuation route in the floor of FIG. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the other one evacuation route in the floor of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which expressed the installation of the floor of FIG. 2 by the path | route main body. It is a flowchart which replaces and shows the procedure of FIG. It is drawing corresponding to FIG. 5 after completion | finish of verification. 1 is a configuration diagram of a system according to the present invention. It is a flowchart of the room evacuation safety verification stipulated by law. It is a flowchart of the floor evacuation safety verification stipulated by law.

Explanation of symbols

1 · 2 · 6… Office 3 · 4 · Previous room 7 · 8 · 9 ··· Conference room 10 ··· Corridor 12 ··· Input means 14 ··· Storage means 16 ··· Calculating means 18 ························································ ... Output means
A, B ... fire escape d ₁ ~d _{13 ...} each room exit

Claims (7)

Assuming that a fire broke out from one of a plurality of rooms 2, 4 ... connected to the evacuation routes A and B via the passage 10 on one floor in the building,
A. Simulate the spread of smoke from the fire room to the surroundings according to the equipment conditions for each smoke path,
B. Based on the simulation results, calculate the smoke fall time from the time of the fire until the evacuees have difficulty breathing due to the smoke fall from the ceiling in each of the rooms 2, 4.
C. Compared to the evacuation time required for a occupant from any room to escape from the room to the outside of the room or from the floor with the room to the evacuation exit from the time of the fire,
D. When the smoke fall time is longer than the evacuation time, the equipment conditions are acceptable,
E. When the smoke fall time is shorter than the evacuation time, in the facility planning method for safe evacuation, the facility condition is disabled, the facility condition is improved, and the steps A to C are repeated.
As measures to improve the above equipment conditions, a plurality of measures including at least one of smoke generation conditions, smoke emission conditions, smoke shielding conditions, and room shape conditions are set,
A building characterized by giving an order to these improvement measures for each equipment condition in advance based on value criteria such as economy, and mechanically trying to improve the equipment conditions in the order of the order. For planning facilities for safe evacuation.   As the above-mentioned value standards, different standards such as economic efficiency, designability, workability, etc. are set, and the order of improvement measures for each equipment condition is determined in advance for each standard, and the value standards are changed. The facility planning method for safe evacuation of a building according to claim 1, wherein the order of trying to improve the facility conditions can be switched.   In the above-mentioned economic value standard, it is characterized in that, among the plurality of measures, the first order of the exhaust amount of the exhaust fan is used, and the initial value of the exhaust amount is set to zero when trying the second and subsequent measures. The method of planning a facility for safe evacuation of a building according to claim 2.   Among the multiple smoke routes from each room 2, 4 ... to the evacuation routes A and B, the calculation and comparison of the smoke descent time and the evacuation time are performed in order from the route with the longer evacuation time. 4. A facility planning method for safe evacuation of a building according to claim 1, wherein the facility is safe. A planning system suitable for performing the facility planning method for safe evacuation of a building according to claim 1,
Input means 12 for inputting information such as numerical values necessary for planning;
Storage means 14 for storing information such as inputted numerical values;
Computing means 16 for calculating the evacuation time and smoke descent time for each room;
A judging means 18 for judging safety of evacuation from these evacuation time and smoke descent time;
Display means 20 representing the determination result;
Improvement means 22 for improving the equipment conditions when the safety is not ensured,
With
The storage means 14 stores a database of improvement measures for facility conditions prepared in advance, and the improvement means 22 is configured so that the improvement measures can be sequentially tried in a predetermined order. A planning system for safe evacuation of buildings. When the above evacuation safety is not ensured, the improvement means 22 causes the display means 20 to display the evacuation time and the smoke descent time for all the rooms related to verification of safety assurance,
6. The improvement means 22 is configured to display on the display means 20 a plurality of measures including improvement measures according to the order, and to try a measure selected by the user. Planning system. A computer program configured to cause a computer to function as each of the means described in claim 5 or claim 6.

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