JP2007327862A - Surveying device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To heighten work efficiency in true north survey utilizing the sun. <P>SOLUTION: Position information of an observation spot and time information are generated by a control operation part 52 based on a GPS signal acquired by reception by a GPS reception part 28, and an azimuth angle showing a collimation direction wherein the sun is to be collimated by a telescope 12 is calculated based on the generated position information and time information. A horizontal motor 24 and a vertical motor 28 are driven in accordance with the sun's diurnal motion, and the sun is allowed to stand still apparently in a visual field of the telescope 12 by driving the vertical motor 28. When the center of the sun is collimated by the telescope 12, a horizontal angle of the telescope 12 is measured, and the measured horizontal angle is updated by the calculated azimuth angle, and the collimation direction determined when the telescope 12 is moved in the horizontal direction until the horizontal angle updated by the calculated azimuth angle becomes zero is used as the true north. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a surveying apparatus that surveys true north using the sun.

  Conventionally, there is true north surveying as one of the surveying methods using the surveying device, and for example, the method using the sun, the method using the rotation of the earth, the method using the north star, and the reference point are used. There are methods. Among these methods, the method using the sun is used to create basic data for viewing changes in sunshine. When performing true north surveying, for example, a total station (see Patent Document 1) or theodolite can be used as a surveying instrument having an angle measuring function.

JP 2003-240548 A

  In the true north survey using the conventional sun, the collimation position of the telescope cannot be set according to the diurnal movement of the sun, so when collimating the characteristic part such as the outline of the sun with the telescope, It is necessary to predict the movement of the sun, set the collimation direction of the telescope at the target collimation position based on the prediction result, and wait until the sun moves to the target collimation position. For this reason, time is required for surveying, and the measurement results may vary depending on the skill of the operator. In addition, in order to predict the position of the sun, the data for predicting the position of the sun requires accurate position information and time regarding the observation place, but these points are not sufficiently considered.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and an object thereof is to improve the efficiency of work in true north survey using the sun.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the surveying apparatus according to claim 1, a telescope that collimates the sun, and a support unit that is installed at an observation site and supports the telescope so as to be horizontally or vertically rotatable, A horizontal angle measuring means for measuring a horizontal angle of the telescope, and a collimation direction when the sun is collimated from the telescope at the observation site as a sun position based on the position information and time information of the observation site. A solar position calculation means for calculating an azimuth angle, and updates the horizontal angle measured by the horizontal angle measurement means with the azimuth angle calculated by the solar position calculation means when collimating the center of the sun with the telescope. The collimation direction when the telescope is moved in the horizontal direction until the horizontal angle updated with the calculated azimuth becomes zero is set to be true north.

  (Operation) When the telescope is installed at the observation site, the center of the sun is collimated with the telescope, and the sun is collated with the telescope based on the position information and time information of the observation site. The azimuth angle indicating the collimation direction is calculated by the solar position calculation means, the horizontal angle of the telescope is measured, the horizontal angle by this measurement is updated with the azimuth angle calculated by the solar positive position calculation means, and the calculated azimuth angle By making the collimation direction when the telescope is moved horizontally until the horizontal angle updated in step 0 becomes true north, true north survey using the sun can be performed efficiently, and the survey work Efficiency can be improved.

  In the surveying instrument according to claim 2, the telescope which collimates the sun, the support means which is installed at the observation site and supports the telescope so as to be horizontally or vertically rotatable, and the horizontal angle of the telescope are measured. Based on the horizontal angle measuring means, the position / time information generating means for receiving the GPS signal and generating the position information and time information of the observation site, and the position information and time information generated by the position / time information generating means A solar position calculating means for calculating an azimuth angle indicating a collimation direction when the sun is collimated from the telescope at the observation site, and when the center of the sun is collimated by the telescope The horizontal angle measured by the horizontal angle measuring means is updated with the azimuth angle calculated by the solar position calculating means, and the telescope is moved in the horizontal direction until the horizontal angle updated by the calculated azimuth angle becomes zero. It was constructed comprising a true north collimating direction of time.

  (Operation) When the telescope is installed at the observation site, the telescope collimates the center of the sun, receives a GPS signal, generates position information and time information of the observation site, The sun position calculation means calculates the azimuth angle indicating the collimation direction when the sun is collimated with the telescope based on the time information, and measures the horizontal angle of the telescope. By updating the azimuth angle calculated by the solar positive position calculation means and setting the collimation direction to true north when the telescope is moved horizontally until the horizontal angle updated by the calculated azimuth angle becomes zero Therefore, true north surveying using the sun can be performed efficiently, and the surveying work can be made more efficient.

  In the surveying instrument according to claim 3, the telescope which collimates the sun, the support means which is installed at the observation site and supports the telescope so as to be horizontally or vertically rotatable, and the horizontal angle of the telescope is measured. Based on the horizontal angle measuring means, the position / time information generating means for receiving the GPS signal and generating the position information and time information of the observation site, and the position information and time information generated by the position / time information generating means Position information and time information generated by the position / time information generating means, a sun position calculating means for calculating an azimuth angle that defines a collimation direction in which the sun should be collimated from the telescope at the observation site Telescope control means for controlling the horizontal angle or vertical angle of the telescope according to the diurnal motion of the sun based on the horizontal angle when the right end of the sun is collimated with the telescope, the right angle of the sun Visual Update with the azimuth angle calculated by the solar position calculation means based on the previous time information and position information, and further, the horizontal angle when the left end of the sun is collimated with the telescope and the left end collimation time of the sun The average value of both is calculated from the azimuth angle calculated by the solar position calculation means based on the time information and the position information, and the horizontal angle when the left end of the sun is collimated with the telescope is calculated as the average value. The collimation direction when the telescope is moved in the horizontal direction until the horizontal angle updated with the average value becomes 0 is set to be true north.

  (Operation) When the telescope is installed at the observation site, the sun is collimated by the telescope, and the GPS signal is received to generate position information and time information to the observation site, and the generated position information and time information Based on the position of the sun, the azimuth angle that defines the collimation direction for collimating the sun with the telescope is calculated, and the horizontal or vertical angle of the telescope is controlled in accordance with the diurnal movement of the sun. When the sun appears to be stationary in the field of view, the telescope is used to collimate the right edge of the sun and measure the horizontal angle, and the azimuth is calculated based on the time and position information at that time. Update the horizontal angle of the sun before the right end collimation of the sun and further measure the horizontal angle by collimating the left end of the sun with a telescope, and the direction based on the time and position information obtained at that time The angle is calculated and the horizontal and azimuth angles before the right end of the sun The average value of the two is calculated, the horizontal angle before the right end collimation of the sun is updated with the calculated average value, and the telescope is moved in the horizontal direction until the horizontal angle updated with the average value becomes zero. By setting the collimation direction to true north, true north surveying using the sun can be performed efficiently, the surveying work can be made more efficient, and the collimation direction of true north can be obtained accurately. be able to.

  In the surveying instrument according to claim 4, the telescope which collimates the sun, the support means which is installed at the observation site and supports the telescope so as to be horizontally or vertically rotatable, and the horizontal angle of the telescope is measured. Based on the horizontal angle measuring means, the position / time information generating means for receiving the GPS signal and generating the position information and time information of the observation site, and the position information and time information generated by the position / time information generating means Telescope control means for controlling the horizontal angle or vertical angle of the telescope according to the diurnal motion of the sun, imaging means for imaging a collimation target of the telescope, and processing an image captured by the imaging means to process the image Image processing means for calculating the center of the sun, and the position of the sun based on the position information and time information generated by the position / time information generating means, and when the collimation direction of the telescope is the center of the sun A solar position calculating means for calculating an azimuth angle, and when the center of the sun is collimated with the telescope based on the calculated value of the image processing means, the horizontal angle measured by the horizontal angle measuring means is the solar position. Updated with the azimuth angle calculated by the calculation means, and the collimation direction when moving the telescope in the horizontal direction until the horizontal angle updated with the calculated azimuth angle becomes 0 is set to be true north .

  (Operation) When the telescope is installed at the observation site, the sun is collimated with the telescope, the horizontal angle of the telescope is measured, and the GPS signal is received to generate position information and time information of the observation site. Based on the generated position information and time information, the position of the sun is used to calculate the azimuth angle indicating the collimation direction when the sun is collimated with the telescope, and the horizontal angle of the telescope or Control the vertical angle, make the sun appear to be stationary in the telescope's field of view, take an image of the sun that is the collimation target of the telescope, process the image by this imaging, calculate the center of the sun, and calculate this result Based on the center of the sun with a telescope, the horizontal angle measured at this time is updated with the azimuth angle calculated by the solar position calculating means, and the telescope is updated until the horizontal angle updated with the calculated azimuth angle becomes zero Collimation method when moving the lens horizontally The With due north, can be efficiently true north survey utilizing sun, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the surveying operation.

  The surveying device according to claim 5 is the surveying device according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, or 4, further comprising a tilt sensor that detects a tilt of the telescope with respect to a horizontal axis, and the solar position. The calculation means is configured to correct the calculated value related to the azimuth angle obtained as the position of the sun according to the detection value of the tilt sensor.

  (Operation) Even when the telescope is installed, even if the telescope is inclined with respect to the horizontal axis, the calculated value related to the azimuth angle obtained as the position of the sun is corrected according to the detection value of the tilt sensor. Even if is inclined with respect to the horizontal axis, a highly accurate azimuth angle can be obtained.

  As is clear from the above description, according to the surveying apparatus according to claim 1, the efficiency of the surveying work can be improved.

  According to the surveying apparatus according to claim 2, the efficiency of the surveying work can be improved.

  According to the surveying apparatus according to the third aspect, it is possible to improve the efficiency of the surveying work and to obtain the true north collimation direction with high accuracy.

  According to the surveying apparatus of the fourth aspect, the efficiency of the surveying work can be improved.

  According to the surveying instrument of the fifth aspect, it is possible to obtain a highly accurate azimuth even if the telescope is inclined with respect to the horizontal axis.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of a total station showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the total station showing the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a true north survey using the total station. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a total station showing a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5A is a diagram for explaining a method for obtaining the center of the sun using a line sensor. FIG. 6B is a diagram for explaining a method for obtaining the center of the sun using an area sensor, and FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a total station showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

  In these drawings, the total station 10 includes a telescope 12 that collimates the sun as a surveying device, as shown in FIG. 1, and the telescope 12 has a rotating shaft 12 a between a pair of column portions 14. It is attached so that vertical (vertical) rotation is possible. Each column part 14 is erected on a horizontal rotation part 16, and the horizontal rotation part 16 is mounted on a leveling table 18 so as to be horizontally rotatable. A total station main body 20 is constituted by the horizontal rotating part 16 and each column part 14, and the total station main body 20 and the leveling base 18 are configured as support means for supporting the telescope 12 so as to be freely rotatable in the horizontal direction or in the vertical direction (vertical rotation). ing. The horizontal rotating unit 16 is provided with a scale plate (encoder), and has a multi-axis structure so that the scale plate can rotate.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the total station 10 includes a distance measuring unit (light wave distance meter) 22 that measures the distance to the measuring point, a horizontal motor 24 and a horizontal driving unit 26 that control the horizontal angle of the telescope 12, and the telescope 12. A vertical motor 28 and a vertical drive unit 30 for controlling the vertical angle (vertical angle) of the lens, a horizontal encoder 32 and a horizontal angle measuring unit 34 for measuring the horizontal angle of the telescope 12, and a vertical angle (vertical angle) of the telescope 12. A vertical encoder 36 and a vertical angle measuring unit 38, a storage unit 40 for storing various data, a tilt detection unit (tilt sensor) 42 for detecting the tilt of the telescope 12 in the horizontal direction, and an operation for inputting various data and commands. By receiving the input unit 44, the display unit 46 that displays various data and measurement results, the GPS receiving unit 48 that receives GPS signals, and the GPS receiving unit 18 A time correction unit 50 for correcting the time of the internal clock based on the time information, and a control calculation unit (solar position calculation unit) 52 that controls these units and performs various calculations related to measurement are configured. . The vertical angle and the horizontal angle of the telescope 12 are controlled by driving the horizontal motor 24 and the vertical motor 28, but can be easily rotated in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction manually.

  The control calculation unit 52 is configured using, for example, a microcomputer (CPU), inputs a GPS signal received by the GPS receiving unit 48, and based on the input GPS signal, the observation site where the total station 10 is installed. Position information such as latitude, longitude, and altitude is generated, and the time of the internal clock built in the time correction unit 50 is corrected based on the time information of the GPS signal, and the corrected time is generated as time information. It is configured as position / time information generating means.

  Moreover, the control calculation part 52 produces | generates the control signal for controlling the horizontal angle or the vertical angle of the telescope 12 according to a solar diurnal motion based on the positional information and time information of an observation place, and produced | generated control. A signal is output to the horizontal drive unit 26 and the vertical drive unit 30. That is, the control calculation unit 52, as well as the horizontal motor 24, the horizontal drive unit 26, the vertical motor 28, and the vertical drive unit 30, serves as a telescope control unit that controls the horizontal angle or vertical angle of the telescope 12 according to the diurnal motion of the sun. It is configured.

  Further, the control calculation unit 52 calculates the azimuth indicating the collimation direction when the sun is collimated with the telescope 12 as the position of the sun based on the position information of the observation place and the time information at the observation place. It is configured as a means. Then, the control calculation unit 52 updates the horizontal angle measured when collimating the center of the sun with the telescope 12 with the azimuth calculated based on the position information and the time information, and updated with the calculated azimuth. True north surveying can be performed by setting the collimation direction when the telescope 12 is moved in the horizontal direction until the horizontal angle is 0, as true north. Since the telescope 12 has a large amount of light from the sun, it is the same as before that a filter (sexant) is dimmed by attaching it to the objective lens frame.

  When collimating the center of the sun with the telescope 12, for example, the azimuth angle when the right end of the sun is collimated with the telescope and the azimuth angle when the left end of the sun is collimated with the telescope are obtained. The azimuth angle when the center of the sun is collimated based on the angle can be obtained. Further, when the sun is collimated with the telescope 12 based on the azimuth angle calculated by the control calculation unit 52, the azimuth angle can also be obtained assuming that the collimation direction is substantially at the center of the sun.

  Hereinafter, a specific method for performing true north survey using the sun will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. First, the total station 10 is installed at the observation site, the GPS signal is received by the GPS reception unit 48, and the control calculation unit 52 generates time information and position information regarding the observation site based on the received GPS signal, and the generated time The time T is set from the information (step S1), the latitude / longitude of the observation site is set from the generated position information (step S2), and the information is stored in the storage unit 40 as time data or position data. The GPS receiving unit 48 may be provided in the total station 10, and even if it is separated from the total station 10, the position error does not matter wherever it can be processed by the control calculation unit 52.

  Next, the operator collimates the sun by moving the telescope 12 in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction (step S3). Next, the control calculation unit 52 sets the collimation direction when the telescope 12 collimates the sun as the position of the sun based on the time information obtained from the GPS signal and the position information (latitude / longitude) of the observation site. The indicated azimuth angle is calculated. Further, the control calculation unit 52 controls the horizontal rotation speed Vh and the vertical motor 28 related to the horizontal motor 24 based on the position information and the time information in order to control the horizontal angle or vertical angle of the telescope 12 according to the diurnal motion of the sun. The vertical rotation speed Vv regarding is calculated (step S4).

When the horizontal rotation speed Vh and the vertical rotation speed Vv are calculated, control signals corresponding to the horizontal rotation speed Vh and the vertical rotation speed Vv are output from the control calculation unit 52 to the horizontal drive unit 26 and the vertical drive unit 30, and the horizontal motor 24 is driven to rotate at the horizontal rotation speed Vh, and the vertical motor 28 is driven to rotate at the vertical rotation speed Vv. As a result, the sun appears to have stopped in the field of view of the telescope 12 (step S5). Thereafter, the telescope 12 is finely moved in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction by the operator's operation, and the telescope 12 collimates the right end of the sun. In this case, the latitude and longitude of the observation site has not changed, since the time has changed, and time T _R at this time, with the observation location latitude and longitude, the control calculation unit 52, again, as the position information of the sun, and calculates the azimuth angle [delta] _R of the right end of the sun at time T _R. Then the horizontal angle at this time measured telescope 12, and updates the azimuth angle [delta] _R of the calculated right end, a horizontal angle of the telescope 12 and theta _R (step S6).

Next, the telescope 12 is finely moved in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction by the operator's operation, and the telescope 12 collimates the left end of the sun. In this case, the latitude / longitude of the observation site has not changed, but since the time has changed, the control computation unit 52 again uses the time _{TL at} this time and the latitude / longitude of the observation site to as the position information of the sun, and calculates the azimuth angle [delta] _L of the sun at time T _L based on the latitude and longitude at the observation locations (step S7). In this case, the horizontal angle theta _L of the telescope 12, an error occurs in the calculated azimuth angle [delta] _L.

In order to eliminate this error, the mean value of the two based on the azimuth angle [delta] _L and the calculated horizontal angle theta _L obtained when collimate the left edge of the solar telescope 12 (δ _{M =} (θ _L calculated + δ _{L /} 2) as the average value indicating the left end of the sun, and updates the horizontal angle theta _L with the calculated average value [delta] _M, the horizontal angle of the horizontal angle and theta _M. telescope 12 telescope 12 theta The collimation direction when moving in the horizontal direction until _M becomes 0 is set to true north (step S8).

  According to the present embodiment, since the time information and position information of the observation place are generated based on the GPS signal, it is not necessary to calculate the position of the sun in advance, and the position information and time regarding the observation place in real time. Information can be generated and the efficiency of surveying work can be increased.

  Further, the horizontal or vertical angle of the telescope 12 is controlled in accordance with the diurnal motion of the sun, and the sun is apparently stopped within the field of view of the telescope 12, so that the center of the sun can be collimated easily. In addition, the azimuth angle when collimating the center of the sun can be measured with high accuracy. With true north surveying, you can start various surveys based on true north.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The total station 10 in this embodiment is provided with an image pickup section 54 that picks up the sun and an image processing section 56 that processes an image picked up by the image pickup section 54, and other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment. It is.

As shown in FIG. 5A, the imaging unit 54 is configured using line sensors 54a and 54b configured by CCD imaging elements, and the position of the image when the sun 58 is captured is represented by the line sensor 54a, The center of the sun 58 can be obtained by obtaining at 54 b and processing the output of each line sensor 54 a, 54 b by the image processing unit 56.
When determining the center of the sun 58 using the line sensors 54a and 54b, the line sensor 54a is not necessarily at the center in the vertical direction of the sun 58, so three azimuth angles with respect to the sun 58: (1) the center of the sun (2) Among the right end of the sun and (3) the left end of the sun, (2) the right end of the sun and (3) the left end of the sun cannot be used. However, since the center of the line sensor 54a coincides with the center (horizontal direction) of the sun 58, (1) the center of the sun can be used. In this case, the line sensor 54a obtains the right end value a and the left end value b of the sun 58, obtains the center value c of both from a and b, and sets the center azimuth angle δ of the sun 58 from the center value c. To do. At this time, when there is an offset between the center value c and the line sensor 54b, the offset Δθ is obtained, δ + Δθ is set as the collimation azimuth, and the horizontal angle of the telescope 12 is updated with the collimation azimuth (δ + Δθ).
Then, by displaying the center of the sun 58 and the image of the sun 58 on the screen of the display unit 46, the telescope 12 can be easily collimated to the center of the sun 58 while viewing the screen of the display unit 46.

  Further, when configuring the imaging unit 54, as shown in FIG. 5B, the center of the sun 58 can be obtained based on the image captured by the area sensor 54c using the area sensor 54c.

  When determining the center of the sun 58 using the area sensor 54c, all the images of the sun 58 enter the area sensor 54c, so three azimuth angles with respect to the sun 58: (1) the center of the sun, (2) the right end of the sun (3) All of the left end of the sun can be used. For example, the center of the sun 58 is subjected to a circular fitting process as a center value (intermediate value) c between the value a at the right end of the sun 58 and the value b at the left end of the sun 58, or from the contour of the sun 58, and the center coordinates It can be obtained as c. Here, when the collimation azimuth is obtained from the three averages, the center value c of the sun 58, the right value a of the sun 58, and the left value b of the sun 58 on the area sensor 54c are obtained, and these values are obtained. , The azimuth angle of the center of the sun 58 is δ1, the azimuth angle of the right end of the sun 58 is δ2, and the azimuth angle of the left end of the sun 58 is δ3. At this time, when there is an offset between the collimation center O, the offset between the center of the sun 58 and the collimation center O is Δθ1, the offset between the right end of the sun 58 and the collimation center O is Δθ2, and the sun 58 Let Δθ3 be the offset between the left end of the eye and the collimation center O. In this case, the azimuth angle at the center of the sun 58 is δ1 + Δθ1, the azimuth angle at the right end of the sun 58 is δ2 + Δθ2, and the azimuth angle at the left end of the sun 58 is δ3 + Δθ3. The average of these three azimuth angles is the collimation azimuth angle. The procedure for obtaining the true north direction is the same as in the first embodiment.

  Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the horizontal motor 24, the horizontal drive section 26, the vertical motor 28, and the vertical drive section 30 for rotationally driving the telescope 12 are omitted, and other configurations are the same as those of the second embodiment. is there.

  In the present embodiment, without rotating the telescope 12 in accordance with the diurnal motion of the sun, the sun is placed in the field of view of the telescope 12 based on the position information and time of the sun, and the sun obtained by image processing is used. An azimuth is calculated from the offset of the position and collimation direction, the measured horizontal angle is updated with the calculated azimuth, and the telescope 12 is leveled until the updated horizontal angle becomes zero. By moving in the direction, the telescope 12 can be collimated to the true north, and the work for collimating the sun can be reduced.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, the position information and time information of the observation site are generated based on the GPS signal. However, the position information and time of the observation site are set in advance, and the set position information and time information are set. A method for calculating the position of the sun based on the above can also be adopted.

  In each of the above embodiments, when calculating the position of the sun, the total station 10 is corrected by correcting the azimuth angle calculated as the position of the sun according to the detection value of the inclination correction unit 42 formed of a tilt sensor. Even when the telescope 12 is tilted with respect to the horizontal axis, the azimuth angle can be obtained with high accuracy.

  As the surveying instrument, a theodolite having an angle measuring function can be used instead of the total station 10.

It is a front view of the total station which shows one Example of this invention. 1 is a block configuration diagram of a total station showing a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. It is a flowchart for demonstrating an effect | action at the time of performing a true north survey using a total station. It is a block block diagram of the total station which shows 2nd Example of this invention. (A) is a figure for demonstrating the method of calculating | requiring the center of the sun using a line sensor, (b) is a figure for demonstrating the method of calculating | requiring the center of the sun using an area sensor. It is a block block diagram of the total station which shows 3rd Example of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Total station 12 Telescope 18 Leveling table 20 Total station main body 22 Distance measuring part 24 Horizontal motor 28 Vertical motor 32 Horizontal encoder 36 Vertical encoder 42 Inclination detection part 48 GPS receiving part 50 Time correction part 52 Control arithmetic part 54 Imaging part 56 Image processing part

Claims (5)

  A telescope that collimates the sun; a support means that is installed at an observation site and supports the telescope in a horizontal or vertical rotation; a horizontal angle measurement unit that measures a horizontal angle of the telescope; Solar position calculation means for calculating an azimuth angle indicating a collimation direction when the sun is collimated from the telescope at the observation site as the position of the sun based on the position information and the time information, The horizontal angle measured by the horizontal angle measuring means is updated with the azimuth angle calculated by the solar position calculating means until the horizontal angle updated by the calculated azimuth angle becomes zero. A surveying instrument in which the collimation direction is true north when the telescope is moved in the horizontal direction.   A telescope that collimates the sun, a support unit that is installed at the observation site and supports the telescope so that it can rotate horizontally or vertically, a horizontal angle measuring unit that measures the horizontal angle of the telescope, and a GPS signal received The position / time information generation means for generating the position information and time information of the observation place, and the telescope of the observation place as the position of the sun based on the position information and time information generated by the position / time information generation means A solar position calculation means for calculating an azimuth angle indicating a collimation direction when the sun is collimated from the horizontal angle measured by the horizontal angle measurement means when the center of the sun is collimated with the telescope Is updated with the azimuth angle calculated by the solar position calculation means, and the collimation direction when the telescope is moved in the horizontal direction until the horizontal angle updated with the calculated azimuth angle becomes 0 is defined as true north Measurement Apparatus.   A telescope that collimates the sun, a support unit that is installed at the observation site and supports the telescope so that it can rotate horizontally or vertically, a horizontal angle measuring unit that measures the horizontal angle of the telescope, and a GPS signal received The position / time information generation means for generating the position information and time information of the observation place, and the telescope of the observation place as the position of the sun based on the position information and time information generated by the position / time information generation means The solar position calculation means for calculating the azimuth angle that defines the collimation direction in which the sun should be collimated, and the solar diurnal motion based on the position information and time information generated by the position / time information generation means And telescope control means for controlling the horizontal angle or vertical angle of the telescope, and the horizontal angle when the right end of the sun is collimated with the telescope is time information and position information before the right end collimation of the sun. Based on Update with the azimuth angle calculated by the solar position calculation means, and further calculate the solar position based on the horizontal angle when the left end of the sun is collimated with the telescope and the time information and position information at the left end collimation of the sun The average value of both is calculated from the azimuth angle calculated by the means, the horizontal angle when the left end of the sun is collimated with the telescope is updated with the calculated average value, and the horizontal level updated with the average value is updated. A surveying apparatus in which the collimation direction is true north when the telescope is moved in the horizontal direction until the angle becomes zero.   A telescope that collimates the sun, a support unit that is installed at the observation site and supports the telescope so that it can rotate horizontally or vertically, a horizontal angle measuring unit that measures the horizontal angle of the telescope, and a GPS signal received The position / time information generating means for generating the position information and time information of the observation site, and the position information and time information generated by the position / time information generating means in accordance with the diurnal motion of the sun. Telescope control means for controlling the horizontal angle or vertical angle of the telescope, imaging means for imaging the collimation target of the telescope, and image processing means for calculating the center of the sun by processing an image captured by the imaging means The solar position calculation means for calculating the azimuth when the collimation direction of the telescope is the center of the sun as the position of the sun based on the position information and time information generated by the position / time information generation means And when the center of the sun is collimated with the telescope based on the calculated value of the image processing means, the horizontal angle measured by the horizontal angle measuring means is updated with the azimuth angle calculated by the solar position calculating means. A surveying apparatus in which the collimation direction is true north when the telescope is moved in the horizontal direction until the horizontal angle updated with the calculated azimuth becomes zero.   5. The surveying apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a tilt sensor that detects an inclination of the telescope with respect to a horizontal axis, wherein the solar position calculation unit obtains the position of the sun. A surveying apparatus obtained by correcting a calculated value related to an azimuth angle according to a detection value of the tilt sensor.

Images