JP2007317620A - Incandescent bulb - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an incandescent bulb in which improvement of the light emission efficiency, lifetime characteristics, and impact resistance are attained, since the incandescent body is prevented from being prematurely damaged by regulating the shape, the position, and the size or the like of a microcavity. <P>SOLUTION: This incandescent bulb L is provided with a translucent airtight vessel 1, at least a pair of lead wires 3, 4 introduced into the translucent airtight vessel 1, and the incandescent body 2 which has a plurality of square-shaped microcavity MCs, aligned on a plate-like body surface made of a high melting point material, in which the microcavity MC of a matrix of respective microcavity MCs, adjacent to each other and an alternative matrix positioned at a point-symmetric position, have the relation of being shifted by half an inch, in which the maximum spanning lengths of opening parts of the respective microcavity MCs are 0.3 to 1.0 μm, in which the depths are 10 times or larger than the maximum spanning length of the opening parts, in which the wall thicknesses between the cavity MCs adjacent to each other are 0.3 to 1.0 μm, and which is connected to the lead wires 3, 4, and with an inert gas sealed into the translucent airtight vessel 1. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

   The present invention relates to an incandescent lamp having a microcavity.

   Microcavities are described in John. F. Waymouth is a structure proposed by applying the theory of cavity quantum electromagnetism, and is a selective wavelength radiator that can limit the radiation wavelength (radiation) range from a certain radiator.

Incandescent light bulbs that actually apply the above theory are known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). In this incandescent light bulb, it is necessary to regularly form microcavities having square or circular openings on the surface of a substrate made of a high melting point material such as tungsten.

  In the selected wavelength radiator, photons having a cutoff wavelength or more are not emitted from the microcavity, and the radiant flux approaches the black body level (1/10 of tungsten). Has been. Its principle of operation is based on cavity quantum electromagnetism, and wavelengths larger than twice the aperture of the microcavity are suppressed inside the microcavity, and other wavelengths are emitted.

  Therefore, if the cut-off wavelength of the microcavity is set in the infrared region and the microcavity is heated, the emission of visible light increases from Planck's radiation law, and the luminous efficiency increases.

  For example, in the case of a microcavity having an opening diameter of 0.35 μm, an infrared region having a wavelength of 0.7 μm or more is not emitted, and only visible light is emitted. Therefore, when this microcavity is applied as a heating element of an incandescent lamp, the heating element temperature is 2000 to 2100 K, the lifetime is 10,000 hours, the luminous efficiency is 60 to 80 lm / W, and compared with an 80 W incandescent lamp for general lighting. It is said that epoch-making various characteristics that the luminous efficiency is 4 times or more and the lifetime is 5 times or more can be obtained.

The plurality of microcavities are formed on the surface of the substrate at regular regular and longitudinal positions (lattice shape) (described in Patent Document 1 above) or at regular positions where adjacent vertical and lateral alternating matrices are shifted. (Described in Patent Document 2 above).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-102701 JP 2004-259651 A

  However, the arrangement of the plurality of microcavities in the prior art has a problem that a problem occurs. That is, as described in Patent Document 1, when the microcavities opened in a regular square shape are arranged in a grid pattern in the vertical and horizontal directions, the vertical (row) sides and the horizontal sides of the adjacent microcavities ( Since the rows) are opposed to each other, the strength of the wall interposed between them becomes weak both mechanically and thermally.

  And when microcavities are closely formed, if some walls are deformed or collapse due to the effects of vibration or impact, adjacent microcavities are also formed by the same common wall, so In addition, many walls are deformed, such as collapse, and the size of the microcavity that affects the emission wavelength is changed.

  Moreover, in what formed the several microcavity opened circularly like patent document 2, it has the shortest space | interval (wall thickness) at one point between adjacent microcavities, and from this shortest space | interval part, There is a problem that the thickness of the wall forming the microcavity increases as the distance increases, and the infrared wavelength emitted from the entire surface increases, and the shortest distance between adjacent microcavities has the thinnest wall thickness, so the strength It is weak to the target and may be damaged from this part and cause the same problems as described above.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems, and an incandescent bulb capable of preventing light bulbs from being damaged at an early stage by regulating the shape, arrangement, and dimensions of the microcavity and improving the luminous efficiency and life characteristics. The purpose is to provide.

  An incandescent lamp according to claim 1 of the present invention includes a translucent airtight container; at least a pair of lead wires introduced into the translucent airtight container; aligned vertically and horizontally on a plate-like body surface made of a high melting point material. A plurality of rectangular microcavities, and each microcavity in the adjacent microcavity array is offset by a half pitch with respect to the microcavity array in which each microcavity is aligned in one direction. The maximum length of the cavity opening is 0.3 to 1.0 μm, the depth is more than twice the maximum length of the opening, and the wall thickness between adjacent cavities is 0.3 to 1. An incandescent body having a thickness of 0 μm and connected to a lead wire; and an inert gas sealed in a light-transmitting airtight container.

  The microcavities are arranged at equal intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions on the surface of the plate-like member, and every other row is a half pitch (one pitch means the interval between the microcavity forming center lines adjacent in the vertical and horizontal directions). ) It is aligned and formed at a shifted position. In other words, each microcavity (excluding the outermost matrix) is point-symmetric with the microcavity of the adjacent matrix (vertical and horizontal) arranged at the intersection of the X letter and the position of each tip, with the microcavity as the center. The positional relationship.

  Therefore, among the walls of the sides forming the cavities, the middle part of the pair of sides parallel to one direction seems to have a portion corresponding to the side perpendicular to one direction of the adjacent cavity row. Therefore, the strength of the partition wall of the microcavity is improved.

  In the present invention, the maximum cut-off length, depth, and wall thickness of the formed microcavity can be regulated so that the desired cutoff wavelength can be controlled with high accuracy.

  The incandescent body is disposed with the surface on which the microcavity is formed facing the light emission direction.

  The matrix of microcavities formed vertically and horizontally on the surface of the plate-like member in the present invention is the short direction when the microcavity group formed in the longitudinal direction of the plate-like member is a row (vertical). Is a column (horizontal), and when the short length direction is a row (vertical), the longitudinal direction means a column (horizontal).

  The incandescent lamp according to claim 2 of the present invention is an incandescent lamp made of a ribbon-like plate-like member having a microcavity formed on at least one surface, and the plate-like member is wound in a coil shape with the microcavity forming side being the outside. It is characterized by being.

  An incandescent body is formed by winding a ribbon-like plate-like member in which a microcavity is formed, with the microcavity forming side facing outward, and produces an effect of uniform light emission around the coil axis.

  An incandescent lamp according to a third aspect of the present invention comprises an incandescent lamp comprising a plate-like member having a microcavity formed on at least one surface, and one or more plate-like members each having a microcavity facing outward. And is equally distributed around the tube axis.

  The incandescent body is formed of a plate-like member having a microcavity formed into a rectangular tube shape or a cylindrical shape around the central axis of the tubular body with the microcavity forming side facing outside. It can be formed by bending a plate-like member or by connecting a plurality of plate-like members, and has the effect of uniformly emitting light around the incandescent body axis.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, by optimizing the arrangement structure of the microcavity, the collapse of the microcavity of the incandescent body is suppressed, the intensity of the incandescent body is improved, and the luminous efficiency (lm / W), the lifetime is increased. It is possible to provide an incandescent bulb excellent in characteristics such as shock resistance and impact and vibration. In addition, since the microcavities can be formed at a high density in the plate-like member constituting the incandescent body, the light emission efficiency is improved.

  According to the second and third aspects of the invention, it is possible to provide an incandescent bulb with improved light distribution characteristics in which uniform light emission is performed around the axis of the incandescent body.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 is a front view of an incandescent bulb, FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged perspective view schematically showing constituent members of the incandescent body, and FIG. 3 is a main portion showing a longitudinal section along the line aa in FIG. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an incandescent body.

  The incandescent lamp L is composed of a translucent airtight container 1, an incandescent body 2, lead wires 3 and 4, and a base 5.

  The translucent airtight container 1 is made of a so-called normal bulb molded in a desired shape and size with a translucent material such as glass, ceramics or synthetic resin, and has an inside such as argon or krypton. Active gas or nitrogen gas is sealed at a predetermined pressure. The translucent airtight container 1 may be transparent, or may have a light diffusion film made of silica fine powder or the like, or a light reflection film made of aluminum or the like formed on the inner surface, or may be colored.

  Moreover, when the translucent airtight container 1 is formed with glass, the structure provided with the known glass stem like the incandescent lamp for general illumination can be employ | adopted. Further, at least a pair of lead wires 3 and 4 are hermetically penetrated directly or through a glass stem or the like at the end of the translucent airtight container 1.

  The incandescent body 2 is composed of a plurality of microcavities MC, each of which has a square-shaped hollow body with openings as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 on one surface of a high melting point material such as a tungsten thin plate (foil). It is comprised from the formed plate-shaped member 2A.

  The microcavities MC are formed at equal intervals in one direction on the surface of the plate-like member 2A to constitute a microcavity row. Each of the micro cavities MC is formed at a position shifted by half a pitch every other row (one pitch means an interval between adjacent vertical and horizontal microcavity MC formation center lines). That is, every microcavity MC (excluding the outermost matrix) is typically arranged with adjacent matrix (vertical and horizontal) microcavities MC at the intersection of the X letter and each tip position centering on the own cavity MC. They are in point symmetry.

Further, the microcavity MC in which the opening forms a square cylinder having a regular tetragon, the maximum passing length of the opening of each microcavity MC is 0.3 to 1.0 μm, and the depth is 2 which is the passing length. The pitches (center line intervals) between adjacent cavities MC (longitudinal and lateral) are 0.5 to 2.0 μm and the wall thickness is 0.2 to 1.0 μm. (Note that the above-described microcavity MC is very small, and only a part of it is schematically shown in the drawing (omitted in FIGS. 2, 5, and 6).)
In the case of this embodiment, four plate-like members 2A are connected and integrated into a regular square cylindrical body with the microcavity MC forming side facing outward, and the plate-like members 2A,. An incandescent body 2 structure as shown in FIG. 4 is provided. The incandescent body 2 is connected and supported to the lead wires 3 and 4 through support wires 3 a,..., 4 a, and the other ends of the lead wires 3 and 4 are connected to the base 5.

  The base 5 is made of a general-purpose E shape and is attached and fixed to the neck portion of the translucent airtight container 1, and is attached to a lamp socket (not shown) to mechanically support the incandescent bulb and to be electrically powered. Can be connected and lit.

  The cut-off wavelength is set according to the size of the opening of the microcavity MC, but the cut-off wavelength is shorter than 0.6 μm when the maximum span length of the opening of the cavity MC is less than 0.3 μm. There is a problem that most of the visible light is not emitted, and there is a problem that the emission efficiency is not sufficiently improved because the cut-off wavelength exceeds 2 μm and most of the near infrared light is emitted when it exceeds 1.0 μm. The length is preferably about 0.4 to 0.6 μm.

  In addition, if the depth of the cavity MC is less than twice the maximum length of the opening, there is a problem that the luminous efficiency does not increase, and if it exceeds 10 times, the mechanical and thermal strength decreases. There were problems such as.

  In addition, when the pitch (center distance) between adjacent cavities MC (longitudinal and lateral) is less than 0.5 μm, there is a problem that the mechanical and thermal strength is reduced, and 2.0 μm If exceeded, there is a problem that the integrated area of the microcavity MC forming portion of the microcavity forming surface is smaller than the integrated area of the non-microcavity MC forming portion, and the luminous efficiency does not increase, preferably about 0.7 to 1.8 μm. there were.

  Furthermore, if the wall thickness between the cavities MC and MC is less than 0.2 μm, the mechanical and thermal strength may decrease, and if it exceeds 1.0 μm, the microcavity MC on the microcavity forming surface may be reduced. There was a problem similar to the pitch (center distance) between the cavities MC and MC, such that the integrated area of the forming portion was smaller than the integrated area of the non-microcavity MC forming portion and the luminous efficiency did not increase.

Incandescent body 2: A plate made of tungsten material having a length of about 10 mm, a width of about 3 mm, and a thickness of about 1 mm
Four shaped members are connected to form a regular rectangular tube.

Microcavity MC: Number of cavities formed (per plate member) 2.000 rows x 6.000 columns,
The length of one side is about 0.6μm,
Maximum opening length of the opening is about 0.8μm,
About 7.5μm in depth,
Center spacing between adjacent matrix cavities about 1.0 μm,
Wall thickness about 0.3μm,
The translucent airtight container 1, the sealed gas, the lead wires 3, 4 and the base 5 are the specifications of an incandescent lamp for general lighting
[Comparative example]
Except for the matrix (vertical and horizontal) arrangement of the microcavities formed in the incandescent body being in a lattice shape (typically in the corners of the square), it has substantially the same structure and the same numerical values as those of the example.

  The luminous efficiency and life characteristics of the examples and comparative examples are as follows.

lm / W life (hours)
Example 40 6.000
Comparative Example 40 5.000
The incandescent lamp L according to the present invention faces the adjacent cavity MC by shifting the arrangement of the microcavities MC formed vertically and horizontally on the plate-like member 2A constituting the incandescent body 2 every other matrix. The wall is not a uniform wall thickness and is opposed to the cavities MC in rows (columns) separated by one row (column) in the central portion of the peripheral side, so that the wall thickness is thick in the central portion.

  Therefore, since the surrounding wall forming the microcavity MC is thick at the center and reinforces the wall near the corner of the cavity MC, the incandescent body 2 deteriorates over time and receives impact and vibration. However, the strength of the cavity MC can be improved by suppressing the collapse of the wall around the cavity MC.

  Further, since the strength of the surrounding walls constituting the microcavity MC can be improved, the density of the microcavities MC formed vertically and horizontally on the plate member 2A can be increased, and the number of cavities per unit area can be increased. The efficiency and life of the body 2 can be improved.

  The incandescent light bulb L according to the present invention is superior in luminous efficiency (lm / W), life and impact resistance to a comparative light bulb, and can be used by being mounted on a lighting fixture of a conventional general lighting bulb. .

  The present invention is not limited to the structure of the incandescent bulb shown in the above embodiment. For example, the material constituting the incandescent body is not limited to tungsten, and the operating temperature of the incandescent body can be set to about 2000 to 2100 k. Therefore, a metal such as tantalum, niobium and molybdenum, an alloy of these metals, or a high melting point material such as carbon is used. A thin plate-like body can be used. Further, the plate-like incandescent body may be provided with a heating means in which an indirectly heated heater or the like is disposed on the opposite surface to the surface on which the microcavity is formed.

  Further, the microcavity is formed on at least one surface of the plate-like member, and the microcavity forming surface only needs to be on the light emission side when the incandescent body is configured, and the surface on which the microcavity is not formed is mirror-finished. Thus, the emissivity can be suppressed. The incandescent body is composed of one or a plurality of plate-like members, but the ribbon-like plate-like member may be wound in a coil shape as shown in the front view of FIG. Or a plurality of sheets, not limited to four sheets, may be used by arranging a plurality of sheets in a polygonal cylinder shape or a cylindrical shape and equally arranged around the cylindrical body axis.

  The means for forming the microcavity on the surface of the plate-like member can be performed by lithography or femtosecond laser.

  In addition, the microcavity that forms a concave recess in the shape of a rectangular tube may have a smaller cross-sectional area than the inside of the cavity, and even if there are some irregularities or roundness in the corners and openings in the cavity. There is no problem. Further, the microcavity may be formed on at least one surface of the plate-like member, and the microcavity forming surface may be on the light emission side when the incandescent body is configured.

  The shape of the square openings of the plurality of microcavities formed on the surface of the plate-like member is preferably a regular square. However, as a modification, the main part is shown in FIG. May be a regular hexagon or the like schematically shown in a front view. Further, the direction of the cavity MC may be alternately changed as shown in FIG. 6B (in this case, it is rotated by about 45 °).

It is a front view of an incandescent lamp showing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view schematically showing a part of the constituent members of the incandescent body used in the incandescent lamp of FIG. 1. It is an expanded sectional view of the principal part which shows the part cut | disconnected along the aa line in FIG. It is a perspective view of the incandescent body used for the incandescent lamp shown in FIG. It is a front view which shows other embodiment of the incandescent body used for this invention. (A), (b) It is a front view which shows typically other embodiment of the square microcavity which forms the incandescent body used for this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Translucent airtight container, 2 ... Incandescent body, 2A ... Plate-shaped member, 3, 4 ... Lead wire,
5 ... Base, MC ... Microcavity,

Claims (3)

A translucent airtight container;
At least a pair of lead wires introduced into the translucent airtight container;
A plurality of rectangular microcavities aligned longitudinally and laterally on a plate-like body surface made of a high melting point material, and each microcavity in each microcavity row adjacent to the microcavity row in which each microcavity is aligned in one direction. The arrangement is shifted by a half pitch, the maximum passing length of each microcavity opening is 0.3 to 1.0 μm, the depth is more than twice the maximum passing length of the opening, and adjacent to each other. An incandescent body having a wall thickness between the cavities of 0.3 to 1.0 μm and connected to the lead wires;
An inert gas enclosed in a translucent airtight container;
An incandescent bulb characterized by comprising:   2. The incandescent body is formed of a ribbon-like plate-like member having a microcavity formed on at least one surface, and the plate-like member is wound in a coil shape with the microcavity forming side facing outside. Incandescent light bulb.   The incandescent body is composed of a plate-like member having a microcavity formed on at least one surface, and one or more plate-like members each have a microcavity facing outward and are equally arranged around the tube axis. The incandescent light bulb according to claim 1.

Images