JP2007311143A5 - - Google Patents
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- JP2007311143A5 JP2007311143A5 JP2006138219A JP2006138219A JP2007311143A5 JP 2007311143 A5 JP2007311143 A5 JP 2007311143A5 JP 2006138219 A JP2006138219 A JP 2006138219A JP 2006138219 A JP2006138219 A JP 2006138219A JP 2007311143 A5 JP2007311143 A5 JP 2007311143A5
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- adsorption
- sext
- vext
- mesopores
- surface area
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 235000019832 sodium triphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
また、灯油留分としてブレンドし調製した際に分子量２１３以上の有機硫黄化合物の含有量が本発明の所定の範囲となるよう、各ブレンド基材の蒸留性状を予め調整し、それらの基材をブレンドすることによって製造することもできる。
なお、各ブレンド基材並びに灯油留分中の分子量２１３以上の有機硫黄化合物の含有量は、原料となる原油の性状、脱硫装置の構成、脱硫装置の運転条件、生産量などにより変動するので、各ブレンド基材の蒸留性状を調整する場合は、分子量２１３以上の有機硫黄化合物の含有量により、それらの初留点及び／又は終点を適宜調節する。得られた各ブレンド基材の配合割合などを適宜調節することにより本発明の灯油留分とすることができる。要すれば、燃料電池用液体原燃料として、分子量２１３以上の有機硫黄化合物の含有量を硫黄分として０．３質量ｐｐｍ以下とすることが重要である。
In addition, when blended and prepared as a kerosene fraction, the distillation properties of each blend base material are adjusted in advance so that the content of the organic sulfur compound having a molecular weight of 213 or more falls within the predetermined range of the present invention. It can also be produced by blending.
The content of the organic sulfur compound having a molecular weight of 213 or more in each blend base material and kerosene fraction varies depending on the properties of crude oil as a raw material, the configuration of the desulfurizer, the operating conditions of the desulfurizer, the production amount, etc. When adjusting the distillation property of each blend base material, the initial boiling point and / or end point thereof are appropriately adjusted depending on the content of the organic sulfur compound having a molecular weight of 213 or more. Obtained may be kerosene fraction of more invention and appropriately adjusted child ratio and compounding of each blend substrate. In short, as a liquid raw fuel for fuel cells, it is important that the content of an organic sulfur compound having a molecular weight of 213 or more is 0.3 mass ppm or less as a sulfur content.
以上のことをまとめると、炭素材料の吸着量Ｖ、マイクロポア外部比表面積Ｓext［ｍ2／ｇ］、マイクロポア比表面積Ｓmicro［ｍ2／ｇ］、マイクロポア容積Ｖmicro［ｃｍ3／ｇ］及びマイクロポア外部細孔容積Ｖext［ｃｍ3／ｇ］は下記式（４）〜（８）で求められる。
Ｖ＝αｔ＋β （ｔ＞ｔB） ・・・ （４）
Ｓext＝α×１０3×Ｄ ・・・ （５）
Ｖmicro＝β×Ｄ ・・・ （６）
Ｓmicro＝Ｓa-Ｓext ・・・ （７）
Ｖext＝Ｖa-Ｖmicro ・・・ （８）
ここで、α［ｃｍ3（ＳＴＰ）／ｇ／ｎｍ］は吸着層の厚さｔが領域ｔBよりも大きい領域におけるｔプロットの直線の傾き、β［ｃｍ3（ＳＴＰ）／ｇ］は吸着層の厚さｔが領域ｔBよりも大きい領域におけるｔプロットの直線の縦軸との切片、Ｄは密度変換係数（ガスとして窒素使用時は０．００１５４７）［ｃｍ3ｌｉｑ／ｃｍ3（ＳＴＰ）］、Ｓａは全比表面積［ｍ2／ｇ］、Ｖａは全細孔容積［ｃｍ3／ｇ］である。ただし、Ｓａは先に述べたＢＥＴ法などで求めた全比表面積である。Ｖａは、飽和蒸気圧に近い圧力における吸着ガス量を液体に換算した値と定義することが可能であり、例えば、相対圧０．９５の時の吸着量［ｃｍ3（ＳＴＰ）／ｇ］にＤを掛けた値である。
In summary, the carbon material adsorption amount V, the micropore external specific surface area Sext [m 2 / g], the micropore specific surface area Smicro [m 2 / g], the micropore volume Vmicro [cm 3 / g] and The micropore external pore volume Vext [cm 3 / g] is obtained by the following formulas (4) to (8).
V = αt + β (t> t B ) (4)
Sext = α × 10 3 × D (5)
Vmicro = β × D (6)
Smicro = Sa-Sext (7)
Vext = Va-Vmicro (8)
Here, α [cm 3 (STP) / g / nm] is the slope of the straight line of the t plot in the region where the thickness t of the adsorption layer is larger than the region t B , and β [cm 3 (STP) / g] is the adsorption. The intercept of the straight line of the t plot in the region where the layer thickness t is larger than the region t B , D is the density conversion coefficient (0.001547 when using nitrogen as the gas) [cm 3 liq / cm 3 (STP )], Sa is the total specific surface area [m 2 / g], and Va is the total pore volume [cm 3 / g]. However, Sa is the total specific surface area as determined by etc. BET method described above. Va can be defined as a value obtained by converting the amount of adsorbed gas at a pressure close to the saturated vapor pressure into a liquid. For example, the adsorbed amount [cm 3 (STP) / g] when the relative pressure is 0.95. The value multiplied by D.
炭素材料の多くは、マイクロポアが大部分であり、マイクロポア外部のメソポアはほとんど存在しない。しかしながら、微量のメソポアが硫黄化合物の吸着に大きく影響することを見出した。本発明者は、メソポアの影響を表す指標として、２×Ｖext／Ｓextの値を用いることを見出した。２×Ｖａ／Ｓａという値は細孔が円筒形であると仮定した場合の平均細孔半径（Ｄａ／２）を表す。つまり、２×Ｖext／Ｓextはメソポアの平均細孔半径（Ｄext／２）に近い値を表す指標である。硫黄化合物の吸着には、炭素材料のマイクロポア比表面積とメソポア平均細孔径が大きいほど良く、両者の積（Ｓmicro×２×Ｖext／Ｓext）の値が大きいほど、好ましくは３．０ｃｍ3／ｇ以上、さらに好ましくは５．０ｃｍ3／ｇ以上である炭素材料の吸着性能が優れている。この原因は明らかではないが、単純にメソポアの量でなく、硫黄化合物の吸着により閉塞することのない十分な径のメソポアが必要であることを表しているものと考えられる。
Many of the carbon materials are mainly micropores, and there are almost no mesopores outside the micropores. However, it has been found that a small amount of mesopores greatly affects the adsorption of sulfur compounds. The inventor has found that a value of 2 × Vext / Sext is used as an index representing the influence of mesopores. A value of 2 × Va / Sa represents the average pore half diameter when the pores is assumed to be cylindrical (Da / 2). That is, 2 × Vext / Sext is an index representing a value close to the average pore radius (Dext / 2) of the mesopores. For the adsorption of sulfur compounds, the larger the micropore specific surface area and mesopore average pore diameter of the carbon material, the better, and the larger the product of both (Smicro × 2 × Vext / Sext), the more preferably 3.0 cm 3 / g. As described above, the carbon material adsorption performance of 5.0 cm 3 / g or more is more excellent. Although the cause of this is not clear, it is considered that it is not simply the amount of mesopores but represents that a mesopore having a sufficient diameter that does not become blocked by adsorption of sulfur compounds is necessary.
１ 脱硫手段（脱硫器）
２ 自己熱改質器
３ 固体酸化物形燃料電池ハウジング
４ 水蒸気改質器
５ 燃料電池
６ 貯湯槽
７ 二次電池又はキャパシター
1 Desulfurization means (desulfurizer)
2
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006138219A JP5148072B2 (en) | 2006-05-17 | 2006-05-17 | Liquid raw fuel for fuel cell cogeneration system and fuel cell cogeneration system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006138219A JP5148072B2 (en) | 2006-05-17 | 2006-05-17 | Liquid raw fuel for fuel cell cogeneration system and fuel cell cogeneration system |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2007311143A JP2007311143A (en) | 2007-11-29 |
| JP2007311143A5 true JP2007311143A5 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
| JP5148072B2 JP5148072B2 (en) | 2013-02-20 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006138219A Expired - Fee Related JP5148072B2 (en) | 2006-05-17 | 2006-05-17 | Liquid raw fuel for fuel cell cogeneration system and fuel cell cogeneration system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP5148072B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2202204A4 (en) * | 2007-09-07 | 2013-11-27 | Japan Energy Corp | Solid acid, process for producing the solid acid, method for desulfurizing hydrocarbon oil using solid acid as desulfurizing agent |
| JP2009209252A (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2009-09-17 | Cosmo Oil Co Ltd | Fuel oil for fuel cell |
| JP2009266608A (en) * | 2008-04-25 | 2009-11-12 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Fuel cell system |
| JP5275771B2 (en) * | 2008-12-10 | 2013-08-28 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Desulfurizer, and fuel cell cogeneration system and desulfurization system including the same |
| JP5334630B2 (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2013-11-06 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Hydrocarbon oil desulfurization method and fuel cell system |
| JP5294927B2 (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2013-09-18 | Ｊｘ日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | Hydrocarbon oil desulfurization method and fuel cell system |
| JP2012138265A (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-07-19 | Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp | Fuel cell system and desulfurizer |
| JP2012142125A (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-26 | Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp | Fuel cell system |
| US20220314837A1 (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2022-10-06 | Sanjay Gupta | Temperature controlled battery pack bath tub (BPBT), and a Method of protecting a large battery pack from thermal stresses |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06240268A (en) * | 1993-02-19 | 1994-08-30 | Ube Ind Ltd | Fluidized bed reforming equipment |
| JP2001279257A (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-10 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Desulfurizing agent, method for desulfurization and method for producing hydrogen for fuel battery |
| JP2002029701A (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2002-01-29 | Toyota Motor Corp | Hydrogen supply device and fuel cell device provided with the same and hydrogen detecting method |
| JP3395765B2 (en) * | 2000-07-24 | 2003-04-14 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell cogeneration system |
| JP2002308604A (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2002-10-23 | Toyota Motor Corp | Fuel reformer |
| JP4424586B2 (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2010-03-03 | 株式会社ジャパンエナジー | Method for desulfurization of liquid hydrocarbons containing organic sulfur compounds |
| JP4537666B2 (en) * | 2003-04-18 | 2010-09-01 | 新日本石油株式会社 | Fuel for fuel cell system and fuel cell system |
| CN1914298B (en) * | 2004-02-02 | 2012-01-11 | 日本能源株式会社 | Method of desulfurizing hydrocarbon oil |
| JP2006173045A (en) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-06-29 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Liquid fuel for fuel cell, and desulfurizating method |
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2006
- 2006-05-17 JP JP2006138219A patent/JP5148072B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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