JP2007295908A - Method for growing adhering marine organism by dendritic three-dimensional structure - Google Patents
Method for growing adhering marine organism by dendritic three-dimensional structure Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007295908A JP2007295908A JP2006150651A JP2006150651A JP2007295908A JP 2007295908 A JP2007295908 A JP 2007295908A JP 2006150651 A JP2006150651 A JP 2006150651A JP 2006150651 A JP2006150651 A JP 2006150651A JP 2007295908 A JP2007295908 A JP 2007295908A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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本発明は、図5のような樹枝状の立体的な構造物を使用する事により海中空間を有効的に利用して岩盤上に着生して生育する海洋生物たとえば、造礁性サンゴや軟体サンゴ、海藻のクビレズタやヨレズタ等そしてカイメン類などを自然海域で増殖する増殖方法に関するものである。 The present invention uses marine organisms that grow on a bedrock by effectively using the underwater space by using a dendritic three-dimensional structure as shown in FIG. 5, such as reef-building coral and soft bodies. The present invention relates to a propagation method for proliferating corals, seaweeds such as firefly and yoreda, and sponges in natural waters.
本発明の特徴として3つの事が挙げられる。まず第一に海中空間を海洋生物の増殖場として3次元に利用できると言う事である。海底の岩盤上だけを利用して着生海洋生物を増殖すると、岩盤の面積だけの2次元な平面的な利用しかされていない事になる。本発明は、縦方向に軸柱を有する構造なので海底だけでなく海中空間をも増殖場として有効利用できるのである。 There are three features of the present invention. First of all, the underwater space can be used in three dimensions as a breeding ground for marine organisms. If epigenetic marine organisms are propagated using only the bedrock on the seabed, only two-dimensional planar use of the area of the bedrock is made. Since the present invention has a structure having an axial column in the vertical direction, not only the sea floor but also the underwater space can be effectively used as a breeding field.
第二に本発明は、図3のように海底の低質が砂地でも(図3)、岩盤(図4)でも関係なく実施が可能という事である。このことはより広い海域が着生海洋生物の増殖場として利用できる事を意味している。 Secondly, the present invention can be carried out regardless of whether the bottom of the seabed is sandy (FIG. 3) or rock (FIG. 4) as shown in FIG. This means that a wider sea area can be used as a breeding ground for epiphyte marine organisms.
第三に美的鑑賞価値のある海洋生物を大量に生産する事が可能という事である。なぜなら本方法により増殖した生物は、任意の天然岩又は擬岩に着生しながら生育するので、水槽に入れた際に見栄えが良く鑑賞用水槽の海生生物として直ちに高価格にて販売する事が可能となる特徴を有するものだからである。 Thirdly, it is possible to produce a large amount of marine life with aesthetic appreciation value. Because the organisms proliferated by this method grow while growing on any natural rock or pseudo-rock, they look good when put in the aquarium and can be immediately sold at high prices as marine organisms for viewing aquariums. This is because it has features that enable it.
さらに本発明を用いて造礁性サンゴを砂地の海底で増殖するとオニヒトデの食害に遭遇しにくいという利点もある。なぜならオニヒトデの本来の生息場所は、隠れ家となる穴がたくさん開いている岩盤上であり、オニヒトデは昼間はそれらの穴の中で隠れて生活し夜間活動してサンゴを食い荒らす性質を有するからである。体が小さなオニヒトデほどこの穴に隠れる性質が強い。体長が1〜3cmほどの小さな個体は手も入らないような狭く深い穴の奥深くに集団で隠れているのが普通である。このため杭などの開放的な場所(空間)は苦手でありよほどの事がなければ杭をよじ登る行動をとる事はない。よって砂地の海底に杭が立っているようなものである本発明の樹枝状構造物にオニヒトデが登ってくる確率はかなり低いと言える。
このようにオニヒトデが砂地を普段の生活場としない事実、非常に開放的な空間である杭の上は苦手な場所であるという事実が重なり合い、本発明を砂地での造礁性サンゴの増殖に利用した場合は非常に有用である。Furthermore, when the reef-building coral is propagated on the sandy seabed using the present invention, there is also an advantage that it is difficult to encounter the damage of the starfish. This is because the native place of the starfish is on the bedrock where there are many holes to serve as a hideout, and the starfish has the property of hiding in those holes during the day and living at night to eat the corals. . The smaller the starfish, the more likely it is to hide in this hole. Small individuals with a body length of about 1 to 3 cm are usually hidden in groups deep inside a narrow and deep hole that cannot be reached. For this reason, open places (spaces) such as stakes are not good, and if there is not much, there is no action to climb the stakes. Therefore, it can be said that the probability of the kingfisher climbing on the dendritic structure of the present invention, which is like a pile standing on the sandy seabed, is quite low.
In this way, the fact that the starfish does not use sand as a usual living place, the fact that the top of the pile which is a very open space is not good place overlaps, and this invention is used for the propagation of reef-building coral in sand It is very useful when used.
本発明は、鑑賞用の海生無脊椎動物や植物の自然海域での増殖方法に関するものである。自然海域を利用した海生無脊椎動物の増殖方法に関して観賞用を主目的とする増殖方法は、(出願番号:特許出願2000−273695、出願人:恩納村漁業協同組合発明者:林一也外2、発明の名称:サンゴ養殖方法及びその装置)がある。この方法は、一本の杭に一個のサンゴを増殖するもので、海域を効率良く利用していない面がある。さらに、岩や擬岩の保持用に特別な器具が必要でコストの面からも難がある。また、複数のサンゴを増殖する方法も示されてしいるが、単に棚を作ってその上に岩を並べる平面的な方法であり、海洋空間の効率的な3次元的な利用とは言いがたい。 The present invention relates to a method for breeding marine invertebrates and plants for viewing in natural sea areas. Regarding the method of breeding marine invertebrates using natural sea areas, the breeding method mainly used for ornamental purposes is (Application No .: Patent Application 2000-273695, Applicant: Onna Village Fisheries Cooperative Inventor: Kazuya Hayashigai 2. Title of invention: Coral culture method and apparatus). In this method, one coral is propagated on one pile, and there is a side that the sea area is not used efficiently. Furthermore, special equipment is required for holding rocks and pseudo-rocks, which is difficult in terms of cost. In addition, although a method of multiplying multiple corals is also shown, it is a planar method of simply creating a shelf and arranging rocks on it, which is not an efficient three-dimensional use of marine space. I want.
鑑賞用として自然岩や擬岩上に着生させた海生生物は、現在のところ陸上の水槽中で増殖しているものがほとんどである。なぜなら自然海域は、波浪や流れがあるので着生生物を着生させる自然岩や擬岩の保持をしっかりと行なわなければならない。しかし形や大きさがばらばらの自然岩は作業が面倒で手間がかかる。擬岩は形をそろえて作成できるので水中での作業がある程度容易になるが恩納村漁業協同組合出願の方法では擬岩保持用の特別な保持具が必要になり実用的とは言いがたい。なにより、一個のサンゴの増殖のために杭が一本必要となり杭を打つ手間と費用が、増殖サンゴの値段と引き合うかどうか疑問である。このため、自然海域においては美的鑑賞に堪ええる観賞用として自然岩や擬岩上で着生海生生物を増殖して岩ごと販売する形態での増殖は行なわれていないと言える。 Most marine organisms grown on natural rocks or artificial rocks for viewing are currently growing in land tanks. Because natural waters have waves and currents, it is necessary to firmly hold natural rocks and pseudo-rocks that cause epiphytes. However, natural rocks with different shapes and sizes are cumbersome and laborious. Pseudo-rocks can be created in a uniform shape, making it easier to work underwater. However, the method of applying for Onna Village Fishery Cooperative requires special holding tools for holding pseudo-rocks and is not practical. Above all, one pile is needed for the growth of a single coral, and it is questionable whether the effort and cost of hitting the pile will pay for the price of the growth coral. For this reason, it can be said that the natural sea area has not been propagated in a form in which epiphytic marine organisms are propagated and sold together with rocks on natural rocks or pseudo-rocks for ornamental appreciation.
本発明は、岩盤上で着生して生育する海生無脊椎動物や植物を3次元的な立体構造物を利用して増殖する方法を提供するものである。着生海洋生物のほとんどは、岩等の表面上に生育するという特徴を有する。鑑賞用の着生生物を販売する目的で着生させる岩は、直径5cm〜20cmほどのものが適当である。なぜなら、観賞用生物の輸送は生かして輸送しなければならず日本国内を迅速にそして確実に輸送できる宅配によるのが通常の方法である。このために輸送費用や梱包資材等を考慮すると5cm〜20cmぐらいの大きさが適当なのである。しかし、このような小さな岩を海底に直接置いただけでは波浪や流れにより岩は容易に転がされてしまい着生生物が生育できる環境とはいえない。それで波浪や流れにより岩が転げまわらないようにするために海底に杭を打ち込んで、その杭に固定するような方法が考案されたのである。 The present invention provides a method for propagating marine invertebrates and plants that grow on a bedrock using a three-dimensional structure. Most of the epiphytic marine organisms are characterized by growing on the surface of rocks. Appropriate rocks with a diameter of 5 cm to 20 cm are suitable for the purpose of selling epiphytes for viewing. This is because ornamental organisms must be transported alive and delivered by home delivery, which can be transported quickly and reliably in Japan. For this reason, a size of about 5 cm to 20 cm is appropriate considering transportation costs and packing materials. However, if such a small rock is placed directly on the seabed, the rock is easily rolled by waves and currents, and it cannot be said that it is an environment where epiphytes can grow. So, in order to prevent rocks from rolling over due to waves and currents, a method was devised in which a pile was driven into the seabed and fixed to the pile.
本発明により鑑賞用水槽用の生体として自然岩や擬岩上で海生着生生物を美的鑑賞に耐えうる形状で大量に増殖し、着生させた任意の岩ごと高価に販売する事が可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to proliferate a large number of marine epiphytes in a shape that can withstand aesthetic appreciation on natural rocks and pseudo-rocks as living bodies for viewing aquariums, and sell them together with any rocks that have been grown at high cost Become.
着生海洋生物は、成長するために光を必要とするものが多い。サンゴの仲間や海藻はその代表的な生物であろう。そこで着生海洋生物を生育させる形として、光を必要とする陸上の樹木の形を参考にできないだろうかと考えて生み出されたのが本発明である。樹木は、光を得るために横に枝を張り、その枝を支えるために幹を有するのが普通の形態である。 Many epiphytic marine organisms require light to grow. Coral companions and seaweed are the typical creatures. Therefore, the present invention was born out of the idea that the shape of land trees that require light could be used as a reference for growing epiphyte marine organisms. It is a common form for trees to have branches on the side to obtain light and have trunks to support the branches.
本発明は、樹木の幹と同様の役割をする軸柱と沢山の張り出す枝の役割をする複数の側枝を持った立体構造物を使用する事により増殖する多数の着生海生生物それぞれに十分な量の光を与える事が可能である。 In the present invention, each of a large number of epiphytic marine organisms that proliferate by using a three-dimensional structure having a plurality of side branches that play the role of a shaft column and a number of protruding branches that play the same role as a tree trunk. It is possible to give a sufficient amount of light.
このような、軸柱と複数の側枝を有する構造を採用する事で光の他にも、増殖する着生生物それぞれに潮の流れがかかりやすく、動物であれば酸素や餌となるプランクトン、植物であれば二酸化炭素や栄養塩などが容易に供給される特徴を有する。 By adopting such a structure having an axial column and a plurality of side branches, in addition to light, it is easy for tides to flow on each of the growing epiphytes, and for animals, plankton and plants that serve as oxygen and food If it is, it has the characteristic that carbon dioxide, a nutrient salt, etc. are supplied easily.
軸柱から横方向に伸ばす複数の側枝には、着生海生生物を着生させるための岩を保持するための保持場5を設ける。保持場は、単に針金を折り曲げて岩を固定し易い形状にするものでも良い。針金を曲げて保持場とする場合には針金に透明ビニールチューブを被せると固定する岩がすべりにくく固定が容易となる。
またゴムシート等を2本の側枝の間に張り渡したものでも良い。そしてその保持場に自然岩や擬岩をゴム紐や針金等で固定するのである。図2に固定した様子を示しておく。もちろん保持する自然岩や擬岩には増殖するサンゴや、ソフトコーラル、あるいは海藻を針金や水中ボンドであらかじめ固定しておく。A plurality of side branches extending laterally from the axial column are provided with holding fields 5 for holding rocks for causing epiphytic marine life. The holding field may be a shape in which the rock is easily fixed by simply bending the wire. If the wire is bent and used as a holding field, the wire to be fixed is covered with a transparent vinyl tube so that the rock to be fixed does not slip and is easily fixed.
Further, a rubber sheet or the like stretched between two side branches may be used. And natural rock or pseudo rock is fixed to the holding place with rubber strings or wires. FIG. 2 shows a fixed state. Of course, the corals, soft corals, or seaweeds that grow on the natural rocks or pseudo-rocks to be retained are fixed in advance with wires or underwater bonds.
このように岩や人工宜的な擬岩を針金やゴムヒモ等で固定できる形状と材質の保持場5を有する樹枝状立体構造物を使用して着生海洋生物を岩や擬岩に着生させたまま増殖するのが本発明の特徴である。 In this way, using a dendritic three-dimensional structure having a shape and a material holding field 5 in which a rock or artificial artificial rock can be fixed with a wire, rubber string, etc., an epiphytic marine organism is allowed to grow on the rock or pseudo rock. Proliferating is a feature of the present invention.
図3に砂地の海底での実施例を示す。軸柱1とする直径3cm、長さ2mのステンレスパイプにステンレス棒の側枝2を溶接して取り付けます。この側枝2は、直径6mm長さ20cmのステンレス棒を2本一組で使用します。一周に4セットの側枝としますので合計8本のステンレス棒が必要です。側枝の先端に薄いゴム板4を差し込んで岩を保持する保持場とします。上下の側枝間の間隔は75cmとします。
増殖用立体構造物(図1)の根元に縦、横それぞれ50cm、高さ20cmのコンクリート流し込み土台6とし自立できる形とします。この増殖用立体構造物を水深5mの任意の場所の砂地に約3m間隔で複数本設置します。
あらかじめ造礁サンゴを針金や水中ボンドにより固定しておいた岩3をこの立体構造物の保持場5の上にゴム紐4で固定します。そして半年から1年この立体構造物により増殖します。造礁サンゴが、商品として販売可能なまでに成長した順に出荷します。FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the sandy seabed. A
It is assumed that it can stand on its own as a concrete pouring base 6 with vertical and horizontal lengths of 50 cm and 20 cm at the base of the three-dimensional structure for propagation (Fig. 1). Two or more of these three-dimensional structures for breeding are installed at approximately 3m intervals on sand at an arbitrary location of 5m depth.
The
図4に海底低質が岩盤の場合の実施例を示す。あらかじめ岩盤に杭7を3m間隔で打ち込んでおく。杭の材質はステンレスで直径は15mm岩盤に打ち込んだ時に岩盤上から30cmほど頭が出るように打ち込む。よって長さは、岩の硬さにより決定する。この杭の出た頭にU字ボルト8で増殖用立体構造物をしっかりと固定する。
あらかじめ造礁サンゴを針金や水中ボンドにより固定しておいた岩をこの立体構造物の保持場5の上にゴム紐6で固定する。そして半年から1年この立体構造物により増殖します。造礁サンゴが、商品として販売可能なまでに成長した順に出荷します。FIG. 4 shows an embodiment in the case where the bottom of the sea is rock. Pile 7 is driven into the bedrock at intervals of 3 m in advance. The pile is made of stainless steel and the diameter is 15 mm. Therefore, the length is determined by the hardness of the rock. The breeding three-dimensional structure is firmly fixed to the head of the pile with the
A rock in which a reef-building coral is fixed in advance with a wire or an underwater bond is fixed on a holding field 5 of the three-dimensional structure with a rubber string 6. And it grows with this three-dimensional structure from half a year to one year. Ships in the order in which the reef-building coral has grown to be commercially available.
本発明は、観賞用の着生海洋生物を岩に着生させながら増殖する方法を提供する。造礁性サンゴは、サンゴ礁海域の基礎生産者とし機能する他、多種類の魚類や無脊椎動物達の隠れ家の提供者として重要な役割を担っている。本発明によりサンゴを増殖した場合、増殖場はサンゴが上記2つの役割を発揮するので多種対の魚類と無脊椎動物が集まり人工漁礁としての機能を発揮する事になる。よって水産業にとって有用魚類の増産場としての利用可能性を有する。海藻の増殖に利用した場合も同様な事が起こる。 The present invention provides a method for growing ornamental marine organisms while growing them on rocks. In addition to functioning as a basic producer in coral reef waters, reef-building corals play an important role as a provider of retreats for many types of fish and invertebrates. When corals are propagated according to the present invention, since the coral plays the above two roles, the breeding field will function as an artificial reef by gathering many pairs of fish and invertebrates. Therefore, it has the potential to be used as an increased production area for useful fish for the fishery industry. The same thing happens when it is used for the growth of seaweed.
また、サンゴや海藻を美的観賞用として販売する目的で増殖を行なう。水槽に入れて美しいのだから、当然に海域で増殖中も綺麗な景観である。よってダイビングポイントとして観光にも利用可能である。 In addition, they are grown for the purpose of selling coral and seaweed for aesthetic appreciation. Because it is beautiful when placed in an aquarium, it is naturally a beautiful scenery even during breeding in the sea area. Therefore, it can be used for sightseeing as a diving point.
1、軸柱
2、側枝
3、洋生物を着生させた天然岩又は人工擬岩
4、針金又はゴムヒモ
5、保持場
6、コンクリート土台
7、杭
8、U字ボルト1,
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