JP2007291748A - Vegetation form, greening structure with it, and greening method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vegetation form which contributes to the accomplishment of appropriate greening while protecting the natural environment, by effectively utilizing collected surface soil, a greening structure with the vegetation form, and a greening method. <P>SOLUTION: This vegetation form comprises a bag-like body 2 with permeability, and a vegetation material 3 which contains the buried seed-contained surface soil in an area around a site 1 subject to greening and which is stored in the bag-like body 2. The vegetation forms are arranged on the site 1 in a grid pattern, a streaky shape, or a zigzag pattern. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a vegetation formwork that is suitable for use in, for example, planting a slope and can also facilitate the introduction of local vegetation, a greening structure having the vegetation formwork, and a greening method.

  Conventionally, in soils such as forests and natural grounds, the surface soil layer in a range of 5 to 10 cm deeper than the ground surface (surface layer) excluding the defoliation layer contains a particularly large amount of buried seeds than other layers. It is known. In view of this, a greening method has already been implemented in which the soil in the topsoil layer (topsoil seed bank) is collected by air, mixed in the spray base material, and sprayed onto the target site for greening.

  In the above tree planting method, by collecting a topsoil seed bank from the surrounding area of the planting area (peripheral area), only surrounding plants (local species) can be introduced into the planting area, and introduced species (alien species) can be introduced. Don't use it. Therefore, this tree planting method is suitable in terms of prevention of ecosystem disturbance, etc., and air is used for collecting the topsoil seed bank. Very good in terms.

JP 2001-098557 A Japanese Patent No. 2750066 Japanese Patent No. 3452185 Japanese Patent No. 3454352

  However, there are many places where the topsoil layer is thin and a sufficient amount of topsoil seed banks cannot be collected, and it has been difficult to construct the greening method in such places. In addition, even in the place where the construction can be performed, the sprayed base material may be washed away at the time of construction or after the construction. In consideration of this point, it is necessary to prepare an extra topsoil seed bank. Therefore, inevitably, the situation that the above-mentioned revegetation method cannot be performed due to a shortage of the topsoil seed bank is likely to occur.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and the purpose thereof is a vegetation formwork that contributes to the achievement of suitable greening while protecting the natural environment by effectively utilizing the collected topsoil and a greening structure having the vegetation formwork It is to provide a body and a greening method.

  In order to achieve the above object, a vegetation formwork according to the present invention includes a bag-like body having air permeability, and a vegetation material housed in the bag-like body, including a topsoil containing buried seeds in a greening target area. It is characterized by being arrange | positioned by the grid | lattice form, stripe form, or zigzag form in the greening object ground (Claim 1).

  In order to achieve the above object, a greening structure according to the present invention includes a vegetation form according to claim 1 and a vegetation mat laid so as to be positioned at least in a region surrounded by the vegetation form. Alternatively, a mesh body is provided (claim 2). Here, “at least located in the region surrounded by the vegetation formwork” means that the vegetation mat or the net is located only in the region, and the lower side of the vegetation formwork in addition to the region. Both meanings and so on are included.

  In order to achieve the above object, the tree planting method according to the present invention accommodates a vegetation material by air transportation in a bag-like body having air permeability before or after laying in a land to be planted. A vegetation formwork is constituted by the bag-like body in a state where the material is accommodated and laid on the greening target area (Claim 3).

  And in the said tree planting construction method, it is desirable that the said vegetation material contains the topsoil containing a buried seed collected in the said greening object surrounding area (Claim 4).

  Further, in the above greening method, it is desirable to lay a vegetation mat or a net so as to be located in a region surrounded by the vegetation formwork.

  In the inventions according to claims 1 to 5, a vegetation formwork that contributes to the achievement of suitable greening while protecting the natural environment, a greening structure having the same, and a greening method are obtained by effectively utilizing the collected topsoil.

  In other words, in the invention according to claim 1, since the interior accommodating the vegetation material is in a state suitable for growth for the buried seed, the buried seed is laid on the greening target site. By growing well, a vegetation formwork capable of achieving slope greening early and preferably is obtained.

  In addition, when the vegetation formwork is installed on a slope as a greening target site, if it is made to be substantially parallel to the contour line, runoff earth sand and leaves from surrounding trees are blocked by the vegetation formwork and accumulated. As a result, a vegetation base is formed in a step shape on the mountain side. The so-called stage effect that makes it easy for the plants to grow in this stage makes it possible to actively introduce vegetation to the slope, and to realize greening early and well. That is, the stage effect referred to here is an effect in which, for example, a sedimentary layer or the like accumulates, so that, for example, a growth base layer having a gentler slope than the slope is formed in a stage shape, and plants easily grow in this stage.

  Furthermore, in the invention according to claim 1, since the buried seeds collected from the greening target area are used, greening in harmony with the surrounding plant environment (natural environment) is realized. Can be obtained, and the effect of greatly contributing to the protection of the natural environment can be obtained.

  And, when the topsoil containing the buried seeds is sprayed directly on the slope, for example, it is necessary to consider runoff or to spray the entire surface, so a large amount of topsoil is wasted. In the invention according to 1, since the topsoil is accommodated in the bag-like body, the above-mentioned problem of waste does not occur, and a small amount of topsoil can be used very effectively.

  The invention according to claim 2 provides a greening structure that exhibits the effects of the invention according to claim 1 and also has the following effects. That is, in the invention according to claim 2, the vegetation mat or the net-like body is configured to be located in an area surrounded by the vegetation formwork. Since it exhibits the effect of capturing flying seeds (the effect of fixing flying seeds to the waiting area), the greening of the slope can be achieved very well and reliably over the entire surface. A structure is obtained.

  Moreover, in the greening structure according to claim 2, since the topsoil is collected from a forest or the like, the buried seeds contained in the topsoil and grown from the vegetation formwork are mainly of the bird-spray type. The seeds that grow in the area surrounded by the vegetation formwork (flying seeds) are mainly seeds of the wind-spreading type. It can also be promoted.

  Moreover, in the invention which concerns on Claims 3-5, the tree planting method which can form the vegetation formwork and the tree planting structure which show | plays the said effect easily is obtained. That is, in this tree planting method, the plant material is injected into the bag-like body together with air, but since the bag-like body has air permeability, the air supplied to the bag-like body is moved to the outside. Only the customer land that passes through is stored in the bag. Therefore, there is no problem that the bag-like body is ruptured by the supply of air, and the plant material can be supplied to the bag-like body very easily by the air conveyance.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the configuration of a vegetation formwork 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention, a greening structure having the vegetation form 4 and a greening method, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are views of the greening structure. It is the perspective view and longitudinal cross-sectional view which show the structure of a part roughly.

  First, the tree planting structure according to this embodiment is configured so that the plant for greening can be grown well on the slope 1 in a state where it is laid on the slope 1 as a land to be planted as shown in FIG. Has been.

  Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the greening structure has a vegetation form frame 4 in which a vegetation material 3 is housed in an elongated bag-like body 2.

  Here, the bag-like body 2 does not pass through the vegetation material 3, has air permeability and water permeability, and does not impede the germination of plant seeds housed in the bag-like body 2. It is formed using the configured sheet-like body. And the said sheet-like body can be formed with a nonwoven fabric, a felt, cloth (woven fabric), a knitted fabric, a jute cloth, a water-decomposable plastic, a thin cotton etc., for example. In addition, part or all of the sheet-like body will corrode in the future such as corrosive fibers (for example, fibers such as insulators) so as not to inhibit the growth of buried seeds contained in the vegetation material 3. It is desirable that the sheet is formed of a material, and it is more preferable that the corrosive fiber is formed by combining a material that corrodes in about one year and a material that corrodes in about 10 years.

  On the other hand, the vegetation material 3 includes a topsoil with buried seeds in the surrounding area (near) of the slope, and in this embodiment, a topsoil seed bank collected from a natural mountain or forest in the surrounding area of the slope. 3a is appropriately mixed with growth assisting material 3b such as peat moss, bark compost, fertilizer and water retaining material, and soil improving material 3c.

  The vegetation formwork 4 is fixed to the slope 1 by placing a fixing member (for example, an anchor pin) 5 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, and as shown in FIGS. Is laid. In this embodiment, the vegetation formwork 4 is composed of a horizontal vegetation formwork 4a disposed substantially parallel to the contour lines and a vertical vegetation formwork 4b disposed substantially perpendicular to the contour lines. Each vegetation formwork 4 has a diameter of about 10 to 50 cm, and each lattice formed by each vegetation formwork 4 has a rectangular shape with a side of about 1 m.

  In addition to the vegetation mold 4, the greening structure is laid so as to be positioned at least in a region surrounded by the vegetation mold 4, and in that state A net-like body 6 that exhibits at least one of the erosion prevention effect of the surface 1 or the flying seed capture effect (both in this embodiment) is provided. In this embodiment, the reticulate body 6 is laid so as to cover the slope 1 entirely by appropriate fixing means, and the vegetation formwork 4 is arranged on the upper surface side thereof.

  The net 6 is made of a highly durable fiber (for example, a fiber such as nylon, polyester, aramid, carbon, glass, polyacetal) or a corrosive fiber (for example, a fiber such as insulator), or the durability. Is formed by braiding a fiber rich in corrosive and corrosive fiber and forming it in a lattice shape with a mesh of about 5 to 10 mm. The reticulate body 6 is partly or entirely made of a material that corrodes in the future such as a corrosive fiber (for example, a fiber such as an insulator) so as not to inhibit the growth of plant seeds on the slope 1. It is desirable that the network 6 is formed by combining the corrosive fibers that corrode in about one year and those that corrode in about ten years. Here, even if the slope 1 has irregularities on the slope 1, the mesh body 6 has a degree of flexibility that allows it to be stretched along the slope 1. The same applies to the vegetation formwork 4.

  Next, the greening method will be described. This greening method is completed by laying the greening structure on the slope 1. Specifically, first, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the mesh body 6 is laid on the slope 1 by appropriate fixing means, and the vegetation material 3 is not accommodated on the upper surface side of the mesh body 6. A certain bag-like body 2 is arranged in a lattice shape by placing a fixing member 5. At this time, considering that the bag-like body 2 (vegetation formwork 4) becomes thicker in the vertical direction due to the injection of the vegetation material 3 to be described later, the fixed member 5 is struck by being lifted by that thickness (with a margin). Set up.

  Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 1, the topsoil seed bank 3a sampled by means such as air or human power from a natural mountain or forest around one slope is mixed with the growth aid 3b and the soil conditioner 3c. Then, the vegetation material 3 is obtained, and this vegetation material 3 is injected into the bag-like body 2 (see FIG. 2). For this injection, an appropriate transfer device 7 can be used. In this embodiment, the vegetation material 3 is pumped by an air pump (not shown), and the vegetation material 3 passes through the transfer hose 8 and is transferred to the transfer hose 8. A transport device 7 configured to be discharged from a discharge portion 9 provided at the front end portion is used. And the cut | notch part 10 (refer FIG. 2) is formed in the appropriate location of the said bag-like body 2 so that the said discharge part 9 which discharges the vegetation material 3 can be inserted in the bag-like body 2. . The cut portion 10 may be closed by an appropriate means such as stitching after filling the vegetation material 3 into the bag-like body 2, but normally, the vegetation material 3 hardly leaks from the cut portion 10. Since the amount is very small, the cut portion 10 can be left as it is.

  Here, in the injecting step, the vegetation material 3 is injected into the bag-like body 2 together with air by the transport device 7, but the sheet-like body constituting the bag-like body 2 passes through the vegetation material 3. In addition, since it has air permeability, the air supplied into the bag-like body 2 passes outside and only the vegetation material 3 is accommodated in the bag-like body 2. Therefore, the bag-like body 2 is not broken by the supply of air, and the vegetation material 3 can be supplied to the bag-like body 2 by the transport device 7 very easily.

  Further, at the time immediately before the injection step is performed, the bag-like body 2 is arranged substantially parallel to the contour line and becomes a lateral vegetation form frame 4a by filling the vegetation material 3 (hereinafter referred to as a lateral bag-like body 2a). ) And a vertical vegetation form 4b (hereinafter referred to as a vertical bag-like body 2b) that are arranged substantially perpendicular to the contour lines and filled with the vegetation material 3 are provided. And as shown in FIG. 1, the vertical bag-shaped body 2b is arrange | positioned so that it may overlap with the upper side of the horizontal bag-shaped body 2a in the cross | intersection part of both 4a, 4b. Therefore, in this embodiment, the vegetation material 3 is injected first from the vertical bag-like body 2b and then to the horizontal bag-like body 2a.

  And after the injection | pouring process of the said vegetation material 3, the inspection and correction of the placement state of the fixing member 5 are performed as needed. Thus, the greening method is completed.

  In the slope 1 in a state where the vegetation formwork 4 and the greening structure are laid by the greening method, the vegetation material 3 containing plant seeds is accommodated in the vegetation formwork 4 of the greening structure. The inside is in a state where the environment suitable for the growth of plant seeds is in place. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, the plant seeds grow well, and the greening of the slope 1 is achieved early and preferably.

  Further, in this embodiment, since the buried seeds collected from one area around the slope are used as the plant seeds, the greening harmonized with the plant environment (natural environment) around the slope 1 Can be realized.

  Furthermore, when the topsoil seed bank containing the buried seeds is sprayed directly on the slope 1, for example, it is necessary to consider runoff or to spray the entire surface, so that a large amount of topsoil seed bank is wasted. However, in this embodiment, since the topsoil seed bank is accommodated in the bag-like body 2, the above-mentioned waste problem does not occur and a small amount of topsoil seed bank is used very effectively. can do.

  In addition, in the slope 1 in a state where the vegetation formwork 4 and the greening structure are laid by the above greening method, as shown in FIG. By being deposited, the vegetation base 11 is formed in a step shape on the mountain side of the horizontal vegetation formwork 4a. The so-called stage effect that makes it easy for the plants to grow in this stage, the vegetation is positively introduced to the slope 1, and greening is realized early and well.

  In addition, in this embodiment, the mesh body 6 is configured to be located in a region (between the horizontal vegetation mold frame 4a and the vertical vegetation mold frame 4b) surrounded by the vegetation mold frame 4. Since the body 6 exhibits the erosion preventing effect and the flying seed capturing effect on the slope 1 as described above, the greening coating on the slope 1 can be achieved very well and reliably over the entire surface. Moreover, the embedded seeds contained in the vegetation material 3 and grown from the vegetation mold 4 are mainly seeds of the bird-spraying type, whereas the seeds grown in the region surrounded by the vegetation mold 4 Since (flying seeds) are mainly wind-spread type seeds, various vegetation develops on the slope 1.

  Moreover, in the vegetation form 4 and the greening structure and the greening method for laying the vegetation formwork, once the greening structure is installed, the subsequent maintenance and the like are almost unnecessary. Therefore, its management is very easy. Since the vegetation formwork 4 has only to be partially arranged, the workability is good and economical.

  Here, the said greening method performed by laying the said greening structure should just be implemented in a greening target site, The said slope 1 is only what was mentioned as an example of this greening target site. Needless to say, the greening method may be carried out in a greening target area such as a flat land. However, the greening method is more suitable for implementation on the slope 1 in that the step effect is obtained.

  The above embodiment can be implemented with various modifications. For example, as the vegetation material 3, in the above embodiment, a material obtained by mixing the topsoil seed bank 3a and the growth auxiliary material 3b or the soil improvement material 3c is used. Usually, a base material may be used and what mixed these may be used. Here, examples of the vegetation base include those appropriately selected from seeds of planting plants (hereinafter referred to as vegetation seeds), growth aids (water retention materials, fertilizers, etc.), soil improvement materials, and the like. Is mentioned. In addition, the normal base material includes a base material appropriately selected from materials that do not harm vegetation such as wood chips, agricultural and fishery waste (shells, rice husks, fruit wastes, etc.), paper sludge, etc. Materials.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the mesh body 6 may include a sheet-like member 12 on the lower side or the upper side (lower side in the illustrated example), thereby forming a single vegetation mat. As this sheet-like member 12, it is formed using, for example, biodegradable materials such as thin cotton (sufu thin cotton), pulp fibers, synthetic resins, soluble materials, or water-degradable materials. The thing comprised so that it may pass is mentioned. In addition, the said sheet-like member 12 can also be formed by extending thin cotton made of rayon. And this sheet-like member 12 may be directly fixed to the said net-like body 6 by suitable means, such as sticking, for example, and the sheet-like member 12 and the net-like body 6 are laminated on the slope 1. After arranging in a state, both may be laid on the slope 1 by placing the fixing member 5.

  In any case, on the lower surface of the sheet-like member 12, a vegetation base material 13 containing a material appropriately selected from vegetation seeds, growth aids (fertilizers, water retention materials, etc.), soil improvement materials, etc. It is desirable that the material is attached so that the sheet-like member 12 carries the vegetation base material 13.

  Moreover, the said net-like body 6 (including the case where it is used as a vegetation mat provided with the said sheet-like member 12) may be provided with the fertilizer bag (not shown). In this case, it is desirable that the fertilizer bag is provided in a region surrounded by the vegetation formwork 4 and may be located on any of the mountain side, the central portion, or the valley side in each region. In any case, the fertilizer bag can construct a more suitable environment for greening.

  In addition, the mesh body 6 (including the case where it is used as the vegetation mat) may be configured as a three-dimensional net having a three-dimensional net structure as shown in FIG. 6A (for example, the present application). (Refer to the specification and drawings attached to the application of Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-089970 filed by a human). That is, the mesh body 6 shown in FIG. 6A is connected to the lower net 14 in a state where the lower net 14 disposed on the slope 1 is overlapped with the lower net 14 so as to be positioned above the lower net 14. A net 15 and an intermediate closing thread 16 that connects the nets 14 and 15 to each other at an appropriate interval are configured. The distance between the lower net 14 and the upper net 15 (the height or thickness of the mesh body 6) is about 1 to 3 cm.

  When the above-described three-dimensional net structure is employed, the flying seed capturing performance is greatly enhanced. Although not shown in the drawings, it is also preferable to insert a fertilizer bag between the lower net 14 and the upper net 15 in order to reliably form a three-dimensional net structure.

  Furthermore, as a pattern having a thickness larger than that of the mesh 6 shown in FIG. 6A, a pattern as shown in FIG. That is, in the net 6 shown in FIG. 6B, the lower net 14, the vegetation mold 4 and the upper net 15 are laid in this order from the lower surface side, and the vegetation mold 4 is accommodated between the nets 14 and 15. In addition, the head of the fixing member 5 is configured to be locked to the upper net 15.

  When the structure shown in FIG. 6B is adopted, in addition to obtaining the effect of capturing flying seeds described in the above-described three-dimensional net structure, for example, a greening target area of a large herbivore such as a deer It is also possible to prevent entry into the car and to prevent its damage. That is, it is difficult for the herbivores to walk on the net 6 having a three-dimensional net structure or the vegetation mat, and for eating plant seeds, shoots and the like existing on the surface layer of the slope 1 and the like. Even if the herbivore tries to bring his mouth close to the slope 1, the movement is blocked by the net 6 having a three-dimensional net structure or the vegetation mat.

  Furthermore, other vegetation mats that exhibit at least one of the above-mentioned erosion prevention effect and flying seed capture effect (for example, thick felt mats, nonwoven fabrics, coconut fiber mats, Hessian cloths, etc.) without using the mesh body 6 ) May be used.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, after installing the bag-like body 2 on the slope 1, the injection | pouring of the vegetation material 3 with respect to each bag-like body 2 can be performed continuously, and the improvement of workability is aimed at. The construction method is particularly suitable when the bag-like body 2 is long (when the overall length greatly exceeds 1 m). However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, for a part or all of the bag-like body 2, the vegetation material 3 is injected at the above-ground part (a flat part not on the slope 1), and then transported. It may be installed on the surface 1 to improve the safety of construction. The latter method is particularly effective when the length of the bag-like body 2 is about 1 m or less. And when the bag-like body 2 is short, for example, the horizontal vegetation mold 4a and the vertical vegetation mold 4b may be configured to form one side of each lattice of the vegetation mold 4 respectively.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the vegetation formwork 4 was arrange | positioned at the slope 1 at the grid | lattice form, the structure and arrangement | positioning can employ | adopt various things. For example, as shown in FIG. 7A, the vegetation form 4 may be configured using only the horizontal vegetation form 4a, and conversely, the vegetation form 4 may be formed using only the vertical vegetation form 4a. It may be configured. Thus, when arrange | positioning the vegetation formwork 4 in striped form, the vegetation formwork 4 can be arrange | positioned substantially parallel or perpendicular | vertical to a contour line, but the arrangement | positioning angle can be set freely. The same applies to the case where the vegetation formwork 4 is arranged in a lattice shape. For example, as shown in FIG. 7B, the vegetation formwork 4 shown in FIG. 1 is rotated by 45 ° around the vertical axis. You may arrange | position so that it may become substantially the same as the made state. And also when arrange | positioning the vegetation formwork 4 in a grid | lattice form, the shape of each grid | lattice is not restricted to a rectangular shape, For example, it may be a parallelogram shape. Further, in addition to the above arrangement, the vegetation form frames 4 may be arranged in a staggered manner.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although it has comprised so that the net-like body 6 which covers the slope 1 entirely may be laid, and the vegetation formwork 4 may be laid on the upper surface side, the said net-like body 6 is, for example, The grid-like vegetation mold 4 shown in FIG. 1 may be formed in a size that can be fitted into each grid frame, and after the vegetation mold frame 4 is laid, the mesh body 6 having the above dimensions may be laid. In addition, for example, when the vegetation formwork 4 is arranged in a striped shape as shown in FIG. 7A, the mesh body 6 is formed to a size that can be fitted into the adjacent vegetation formwork 4. After the vegetation form 4 is laid, the mesh body 6 can be laid. And in this case, if the mesh body 6 is configured in a roll shape, the mesh body 6 can be rolled and developed at the site, which can contribute to improvement in workability.

  Moreover, the said tree planting method may lay only the vegetation formwork 4 instead of a tree planting structure.

  In addition, each component of the vegetation mold 4 may be freely combined with each component according to the modification, and this is the same for each component of the greening structure.

It is explanatory drawing which shows roughly the structure of the vegetation formwork which concerns on one embodiment of this invention, the greening structure which has this, and the greening method. It is a perspective view which shows roughly the structure of the principal part of the said greening structure. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows schematically the structure of the principal part of the said greening structure. It is a vertical end view which shows roughly the structure of the principal part of the said greening structure after construction. It is a vertical end view which shows roughly the structure of the principal part of the modification of the said greening structure. (A) And (B) is a vertical end view which shows roughly the structure of the principal part of the other modification of the said greening structure. (A) And (B) is a perspective view which shows roughly the structure of the principal part of the modification from which the said greening structure differs further, respectively.

Explanation of symbols

1 slope 2 bag-like body 3 vegetation material

Claims (5)

  A bag-like body having air permeability and a vegetation material housed in the bag-like body including the topsoil with buried seeds in the area surrounding the greening area, and arranged in a grid, stripe or staggered pattern on the greening area Vegetation formwork characterized by being.   A greening structure comprising the vegetation form according to claim 1 and a vegetation mat or net laid so as to be positioned at least in a region surrounded by the vegetation form.   The vegetation material is accommodated by air transportation in a bag-like body having air permeability before or after laying in the greening target area, and the sack-like body in a state where the vegetation material is stored and laid in the greening target area. A greening method characterized in that it constitutes a vegetation formwork.   The tree planting method according to claim 3, wherein the vegetation material includes a topsoil containing buried seeds collected in the surrounding area of the planting area.   The greening method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein a vegetation mat or a net-like body is laid so as to be located in a region surrounded by the vegetation formwork.

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