JP2007250338A - Heat-insulating dummy cell, and fuel cell stack - Google Patents

Heat-insulating dummy cell, and fuel cell stack Download PDF

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JP2007250338A
JP2007250338A JP2006071586A JP2006071586A JP2007250338A JP 2007250338 A JP2007250338 A JP 2007250338A JP 2006071586 A JP2006071586 A JP 2006071586A JP 2006071586 A JP2006071586 A JP 2006071586A JP 2007250338 A JP2007250338 A JP 2007250338A
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layer
cell
heat insulating
heat
dummy cell
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JP4894311B2 (en
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Masato Norimoto
理人 則本
Yuichi Yatsugami
裕一 八神
Takuya Hashimoto
卓哉 橋本
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat-insulating dummy cell capable of improving startability from low temperature, and to provide a fuel cell stack. <P>SOLUTION: (1) The heat-insulating dummy cell 40 arranged at an end of a cell layered product of a fuel cell stack and having a conductive first layer 42 arranged between separators 41 and having a heat insulating property is composed. (2) The dummy cell has second layers 43 arranged between the separators 41 and the first layer 42, and each second layer 43 has pins 44 or walls extending in a direction vertical to the first layer. (3) Each second layer 43 includes a heat-insulating layer 45 filled with air or gas or reduced in pressure. (4) This fuel cell stack 23 with the heat-insulating dummy cell 40 arranged at an end of a cell layered product is composed. (5) A heat-insulating material 46 is arranged in the circumference of the end dummy cell 40. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、燃料電池用高断熱性ダミーセル（以下、単に「断熱性ダミーセル」という）と、それをセル積層体端部に配置した燃料電池スタックに関する。   The present invention relates to a highly heat-insulating dummy cell for a fuel cell (hereinafter simply referred to as “heat-insulating dummy cell”) and a fuel cell stack in which it is disposed at the end of a cell stack.

燃料電池スタックは単セルを積層してセル積層体とし、セル積層体のセル積層方向両端に、ターミナル、インシュレータ、エンドプレートを配置し、セル積層体にセル積層方向の締結荷重を付与したものから構成される。
低温起動の初期状態では、発電による発熱が熱源となってＭＥＡ（膜−電極接合体）中で氷解が進み、プロトン移動、電子移動が可能な、ＭＥＡが湿潤した状態となる。しかし、スタックの端部セルではターミナル、エンドプレートなどへの熱の持ち出し量が大きいため、低温起動の初期状態で、端部セルは電圧低下の発生や、低温起動に時間を要する等の問題がある。
特開２００５−１９２２３号公報は、スタック端部に、導電性金属プレートを一対のセパレータで挟持したダミーセルを設けて、熱の持ち出し量を抑制した燃料電池スタックを開示している。
特開２００５−１９２２３号公報 A fuel cell stack is made by stacking single cells to form a cell stack, and terminals, insulators and end plates are arranged at both ends of the cell stack in the cell stacking direction, and a fastening load in the cell stacking direction is applied to the cell stack. Composed.
In the initial state of low-temperature startup, heat generated by power generation becomes a heat source, and ice melting progresses in the MEA (membrane-electrode assembly), so that the MEA is in a wet state capable of proton transfer and electron transfer. However, the end cell of the stack has a large amount of heat taken out to the terminal, end plate, etc., so there are problems such as voltage drop in the end cell and time required for low temperature start-up in the initial state of cold start. is there.
Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-19223 discloses a fuel cell stack in which a dummy cell in which a conductive metal plate is sandwiched between a pair of separators is provided at the stack end portion to suppress the amount of heat taken out.
JP 2005-19223 A

しかし、上記の燃料電池スタックでは、金属プレートからメタルセパレータに容易に熱が伝導してしまい、ダミーセルの断熱性が十分でなく、氷点以下の低温からの起動性がよくないという課題があった。
本発明の目的は、低温からの起動性を、特開２００５−１９２２３号公報等に開示の従来ダミーセルより向上させることができる断熱性ダミーセルと燃料電池スタックを提供することにある。 However, the above fuel cell stack has a problem that heat is easily conducted from the metal plate to the metal separator, the heat insulation of the dummy cell is not sufficient, and the startability from a low temperature below the freezing point is not good.
An object of the present invention is to provide a heat insulating dummy cell and a fuel cell stack that can improve the startability from a low temperature as compared with the conventional dummy cell disclosed in JP-A-2005-19223.

上記課題を解決する、そして上記目的を達成する、本発明はつぎのとおりである。
（１） 燃料電池スタックのセル積層体の端部に配置され、セパレータ間に配置された断熱性を有する導電性の第１の層を有する断熱性ダミーセル。
（２） 前記セパレータと前記第１の層との間に配置された第２の層を有し、該第２の層は、前記第１の層に対して垂直方向に延びるピンまたは壁を有する（１）記載の断熱性ダミーセル。
（３） 前記第２の層は、空気またはガスが充填された、または、減圧された、断熱層を含む（２）記載の断熱性ダミーセル。
（４） 前記断熱性ダミーセルのセパレータは、前記端部以外のセルのセパレータとほぼ同じ形状である（１）または（２）記載の断熱性ダミーセル。
（５） 前記第１の層が多孔質層であり、前記第２の層が中実層である（２）記載の断熱性ダミーセル。
（６） 前記第１の層が中実層であり、前記第２の層が多孔質層である（２）記載の断熱性ダミーセル。
（７） セル積層体を含む燃料電池スタックであって、セル積層体の端部に、セパレータ間に配置された断熱性を有する導電性の第１の層を有する断熱性ダミーセルを配置した燃料電池スタック。
（８） セル積層体を含む燃料電池スタックであって、セル積層体の端部に、ダミーセルを配置し、該ダミーセルの外周に断熱材を配置した燃料電池スタック。
（９） 前記ダミーセルの外周に配置した前記断熱材を樹脂フレームから構成した（８）記載の燃料電池スタック。 The present invention for solving the above problems and achieving the above object is as follows.
(1) A heat insulating dummy cell that is disposed at an end of a cell stack of a fuel cell stack and has a conductive first layer having heat insulating properties disposed between separators.
(2) having a second layer disposed between the separator and the first layer, the second layer having pins or walls extending in a direction perpendicular to the first layer; (1) The adiabatic dummy cell according to the description.
(3) The heat insulating dummy cell according to (2), wherein the second layer includes a heat insulating layer filled with air or gas or decompressed.
(4) The separator of the heat insulating dummy cell according to (1) or (2), wherein the separator of the heat insulating dummy cell has substantially the same shape as a separator of a cell other than the end portion.
(5) The heat insulating dummy cell according to (2), wherein the first layer is a porous layer and the second layer is a solid layer.
(6) The heat insulating dummy cell according to (2), wherein the first layer is a solid layer and the second layer is a porous layer.
(7) A fuel cell stack including a cell stack, in which a heat insulating dummy cell having a heat conductive first layer disposed between separators is disposed at an end of the cell stack. stack.
(8) A fuel cell stack including a cell stack, wherein a dummy cell is disposed at an end of the cell stack, and a heat insulating material is disposed on the outer periphery of the dummy cell.
(9) The fuel cell stack according to (8), wherein the heat insulating material disposed on the outer periphery of the dummy cell is configured from a resin frame.

上記（１）の断熱性ダミーセルによれば、第１の層を断熱性に優れた層としたので、従来（特開２００５−１９２２３号公報）の金属プレートの場合に比べて、ダミーセルが高断熱性となり、端部ダミーセルを通しての熱の持ち出しが抑制され、低温からの燃料電池起動性が向上する。
上記（２）の断熱性ダミーセルによれば、セパレータと第１の層との間に配置された第２の層を有し、該第２の層は、第１の層に対して垂直方向に延びるピンまたは壁を有するので、セパレータと第１の層との接触面積がピンまたは壁の断面積分に減少し、伝熱面積の減少によって、断熱性ダミーセルがより一層高断熱性となる。
上記（３）の断熱性ダミーセルによれば、第２の層が、空気またはガスが充填された、または、減圧された、断熱層を含むので、空気またはガスは淀み、または減圧され、空気またはガスが流れる場合の空気またはガスによる熱の持ち去りと、熱伝達係数の増大がなくなり、断熱性ダミーセルがより一層高断熱性となる。
上記（４）の断熱性ダミーセルによれば、断熱性ダミーセルのセパレータが、端部以外のセルのセパレータとほぼ同じ形状であるので、ダミーセル用のセパレータを特別に作製する必要がない。
上記（５）の断熱性ダミーセルによれば、第１の層を多孔質層としたので、第１の層を容易に高断熱性とすることができる。
上記（６）の断熱性ダミーセルによれば、第２の層を多孔質層としたので、第２の層を容易に高断熱性とすることができる。
上記（７）の燃料電池スタックによれば、第１の層を断熱性に優れた層としたので、従来（特開２００５−１９２２３号公報）の金属プレートの場合に比べて、ダミーセルが高断熱性となり、端部ダミーセルを通しての熱の持ち出しが抑制され、低温からの燃料電池起動性が向上する。
上記（８）の燃料電池スタックによれば、ダミーセルの外周に断熱材を配置したので、セル積層方向と直交方向（沿面方向）の、端部ダミーセルを通しての熱の持ち出しも抑制することができる。
上記（９）の燃料電池スタックによれば、ダミーセルの外周に配置した断熱材を樹脂フレームから構成したので、メタルセパレータの樹脂フレームのシールに関係しない部位に穴を設けるなどして樹脂フレームを高断熱性断熱材として兼用することができ、特別に外周の断熱材を作製する必要がない。 According to the heat insulating dummy cell of the above (1), since the first layer is a layer having excellent heat insulating properties, the dummy cell has a higher heat insulating property than the conventional metal plate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-19223). Thus, heat removal through the end dummy cells is suppressed, and fuel cell startability from a low temperature is improved.
According to the heat insulating dummy cell of (2) above, the second layer is disposed between the separator and the first layer, and the second layer is perpendicular to the first layer. Since it has an extending pin or wall, the contact area between the separator and the first layer is reduced to the cross-sectional area of the pin or wall, and the reduction of the heat transfer area makes the insulating dummy cell even more highly insulating.
According to the heat insulating dummy cell of (3) above, since the second layer includes a heat insulating layer filled with air or gas or decompressed, the air or gas is stagnated or depressurized, and air or The removal of heat by air or gas when the gas flows and the increase of the heat transfer coefficient are eliminated, and the heat insulating dummy cell is made further highly heat insulating.
According to the heat insulating dummy cell of the above (4), since the separator of the heat insulating dummy cell has almost the same shape as the separator of the cells other than the end portions, it is not necessary to specially prepare a separator for the dummy cell.
According to the heat insulating dummy cell of (5) above, since the first layer is a porous layer, the first layer can be easily made highly heat insulating.
According to the heat insulating dummy cell of (6) above, since the second layer is a porous layer, the second layer can be easily made highly heat insulating.
According to the fuel cell stack of the above (7), since the first layer is a layer having excellent heat insulation, the dummy cell has higher heat insulation than the conventional metal plate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-19223). Thus, heat removal through the end dummy cells is suppressed, and fuel cell startability from a low temperature is improved.
According to the fuel cell stack of the above (8), since the heat insulating material is disposed on the outer periphery of the dummy cell, it is possible to suppress the heat from being taken through the end dummy cell in the direction orthogonal to the cell stacking direction (the creeping direction).
According to the fuel cell stack of the above (9), since the heat insulating material arranged on the outer periphery of the dummy cell is constituted by the resin frame, the resin frame is made high by providing a hole in a portion not related to the seal of the resin frame of the metal separator. It can also be used as a heat insulating heat insulating material, and it is not necessary to prepare a heat insulating material on the outer periphery.

以下に、本発明の燃料電池を図１−図７を参照して説明する。
図１は本発明の実施例１の断熱性ダミーセルを示し、図２は本発明の実施例２の断熱性ダミーセルを示し、図３は本発明の実施例３の断熱性ダミーセルを示し、図４は本発明の実施例４の断熱性ダミーセルをもつ燃料電池スタックを示す。図５−図７は本発明の全実施例に適用可能である。本発明の全実施例にわたって共通する構成部分には、本発明の全実施例にわたって同じ符号を付す。 Below, the fuel cell of this invention is demonstrated with reference to FIGS. 1-7.
1 shows an adiabatic dummy cell of Example 1 of the present invention, FIG. 2 shows an adiabatic dummy cell of Example 2 of the present invention, FIG. 3 shows an adiabatic dummy cell of Example 3 of the present invention, and FIG. These show the fuel cell stack which has the heat insulation dummy cell of Example 4 of this invention. 5 to 7 are applicable to all embodiments of the present invention. Components common to all of the embodiments of the present invention are denoted by the same reference numerals throughout all of the embodiments of the present invention.

まず、本発明の断熱性ダミーセルと燃料電池スタックの全実施例にわたって共通する部分の構成、作用、効果を、図１、図５−図７を参照して説明する。
本発明が適用される燃料電池（セルともいう）は、たとえば固体高分子電解質型燃料電池１０である。ただし、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池以外の燃料電池であってもよい。燃料電池１０は、たとえば燃料電池自動車に搭載される。ただし、自動車以外に用いられてもよい。 First, the configuration, operation, and effects of portions common to all the embodiments of the heat insulating dummy cell and the fuel cell stack according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
A fuel cell (also referred to as a cell) to which the present invention is applied is, for example, a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell 10. However, a fuel cell other than the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell may be used. The fuel cell 10 is mounted on, for example, a fuel cell vehicle. However, it may be used other than an automobile.

図５−図７に示すように、固体高分子電解質型燃料電池１０は、膜−電極接合体（ＭＥＡ：Membrane-Electrode Assembly ）１９とセパレータ１８とを重ね合わせて構成される。
膜−電極接合体１９は、イオン交換膜からなる電解質１１（膜状に構成されているので、以下、電解質膜ともいう）とこの電解質膜１１の一面に配置された触媒層１２からなる電極１４（アノード、燃料極）および電解質膜１１の他面に配置された触媒層１５からなる電極１７（カソード、空気極ともいう）とからなる。膜−電極接合体１９とセパレータ１８との間には、アノード側、カソード側にそれぞれ拡散層（ガス拡散層ともいう）１３、１６が設けられる。 As shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, the solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell 10 is configured by superposing a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) 19 and a separator 18.
The membrane-electrode assembly 19 is an electrode 14 composed of an electrolyte 11 made of an ion exchange membrane (hereinafter also referred to as an electrolyte membrane) and a catalyst layer 12 disposed on one surface of the electrolyte membrane 11. (Anode, fuel electrode) and an electrode 17 (also referred to as a cathode or an air electrode) composed of a catalyst layer 15 disposed on the other surface of the electrolyte membrane 11. Diffusion layers (also referred to as gas diffusion layers) 13 and 16 are provided between the membrane-electrode assembly 19 and the separator 18 on the anode side and the cathode side, respectively.

膜−電極接合体１９とセパレータ１８を重ねてセル１０を構成し、セル１０を積層してセル積層体とし、セル積層体のセル積層方向両端または一端に、断熱性ダミーセル４０、ターミナル２０、インシュレータ２１、エンドプレート２２を配置し、エンドプレート２２をセル積層体の外側でセル積層方向に延びる締結部材（たとえば、テンションプレート２４）に、ボルト・ナット２５にて固定し、セル積層体にセル積層方向の締結荷重を付与して、燃料電池スタック２３を構成する。   The cell-electrode assembly 19 and the separator 18 are overlapped to constitute the cell 10, and the cells 10 are stacked to form a cell stacked body. At both ends or one end of the cell stacked body in the cell stacking direction, the heat insulating dummy cell 40, the terminal 20, the insulator 21. End plate 22 is arranged, and end plate 22 is fixed to a fastening member (for example, tension plate 24) extending in the cell stacking direction on the outside of the cell stack with bolts and nuts 25, and cell stack is stacked on the cell stack The fuel cell stack 23 is configured by applying a direction fastening load.

セパレータ１８には、発電領域５１において、アノード１４に燃料ガス（水素）を供給するための燃料ガス流路２７が形成され、カソード１７に酸化ガス（酸素、通常は空気）を供給するための酸化ガス流路２８が形成されている。また、セパレータ１８にはガス流路２７、２８と反対側の面に冷媒（通常、冷却水）を流すための冷媒流路２６も形成されている。セパレータ１８には、非発電領域５２において、燃料ガスマニホールド３０、酸化ガスマニホールド３１、冷媒マニホールド２９が形成されている。燃料ガスマニホールド３０は燃料ガス流路２７と連通しており、酸化ガスマニホールド３１は酸化ガス流路２８と連通しており、冷媒マニホールド２９は冷媒流路２６と連通している。
セパレータ１８は、カーボンセパレータ、またはメタルセパレータ（メタルセパレータと樹脂フレーム５３との組み合わせである場合を含む）、または導電性樹脂セパレータからなる。 In the power generation region 51, the separator 18 is formed with a fuel gas flow path 27 for supplying fuel gas (hydrogen) to the anode 14, and an oxidation for supplying oxidizing gas (oxygen, usually air) to the cathode 17. A gas flow path 28 is formed. The separator 18 is also formed with a refrigerant flow path 26 for flowing a refrigerant (usually cooling water) on the surface opposite to the gas flow paths 27 and 28. In the separator 18, a fuel gas manifold 30, an oxidizing gas manifold 31, and a refrigerant manifold 29 are formed in the non-power generation region 52. The fuel gas manifold 30 is in communication with the fuel gas passage 27, the oxidizing gas manifold 31 is in communication with the oxidizing gas passage 28, and the refrigerant manifold 29 is in communication with the refrigerant passage 26.
The separator 18 is made of a carbon separator, a metal separator (including a combination of a metal separator and a resin frame 53), or a conductive resin separator.

各セル１０の、アノード１４では、水素を水素イオン（プロトン）と電子に変換する電離反応が行われ、水素イオンは電解質膜１１中をカソード１７側に移動し、カソード１７では酸素と水素イオンおよび電子（隣りのＭＥＡのアノードで生成した電子がセパレータを通してくる、またはセル積層方向一端のセルのアノードで生成した電子が外部回路を通して他端のセルのカソードにくる）から水が生成され、次式にしたがって発電が行われる。
アノード側：Ｈ2 →２Ｈ+ ＋２ｅ-
カソード側：２Ｈ+ ＋２ｅ- ＋（１／２）Ｏ2 →Ｈ2 Ｏ An ionization reaction for converting hydrogen into hydrogen ions (protons) and electrons is performed at the anode 14 of each cell 10, and the hydrogen ions move to the cathode 17 side through the electrolyte membrane 11, and at the cathode 17 oxygen and hydrogen ions and Water is generated from the electrons (electrons generated at the anode of the adjacent MEA come through the separator, or electrons generated at the anode of the cell at one end in the cell stacking direction come to the cathode of the other end cell through an external circuit), Power is generated according to
Anode side: H 2 → 2H + + 2e −
Cathode side: 2H + + 2e − + (1/2) O 2 → H 2 O

各種流体（燃料ガス、酸化ガス、冷媒）は、互いに、かつ外部から、それぞれシールされる。各セル１０のＭＥＡ１９を挟む２つのセパレータ１８間は、第１のシール部材３２によってシールされており、隣接するセル１０同士の間は、第２のシール部材３３によってシールされている。
第１のシール部材３２は、たとえば接着剤シール（シール接着剤）からなり、第２のシール部材３３は、たとえば、ゴムガスケットからなる。ただし、第１のシール部材３２、第２のシール部材３３とも、接着剤シール剤、またはゴムガスケットから構成されてもよい。 Various fluids (fuel gas, oxidizing gas, refrigerant) are sealed from each other and from the outside. The two separators 18 sandwiching the MEA 19 of each cell 10 are sealed by a first sealing member 32, and the adjacent cells 10 are sealed by a second sealing member 33.
The first seal member 32 is made of, for example, an adhesive seal (seal adhesive), and the second seal member 33 is made of, for example, a rubber gasket. However, both the first seal member 32 and the second seal member 33 may be made of an adhesive sealant or a rubber gasket.

燃料電池スタック２３のセル積層体の端部に、ターミナル２０のすぐセル積層体側に、断熱性ダミーセル４０が配置される。断熱性ダミーセル４０は、セル積層体の端部セルを構成する。断熱性ダミーセル４０は非発電セル（発電しないセル）であり、セル積層体の端部セル以外の各セル１０は発電セル（発電するセル）である。   At the end of the cell stack of the fuel cell stack 23, a heat insulating dummy cell 40 is disposed immediately on the cell stack side of the terminal 20. The heat insulating dummy cell 40 constitutes an end cell of the cell stack. The adiabatic dummy cell 40 is a non-power generation cell (a cell that does not generate power), and each cell 10 other than the end cells of the cell stack is a power generation cell (a power generation cell).

断熱性ダミーセル４０は、ダミーセル４０の一対のセパレータ４１と、ダミーセル４０の一対のセパレータ４１間に配置された断熱性を有する導電性の第１の層４２を有する。第１の層４２の断熱性は、端部セル以外のセル１０のＭＥＡの断熱性より高い。第１の層４２の断熱性を高くするために、第１の層４２を多孔質フィルムまたは多孔質シートから構成してもよい。
断熱性ダミーセル４０は、一対のセパレータ４１の各セパレータ４１と第１の層４２との間に配置された第２の層４３を有する。第２の層４３も断熱性層であり、第２の層４３の断熱性は、端部セル以外のセル１０の拡散層１３、１６の断熱性より高い。 The heat insulating dummy cell 40 includes a pair of separators 41 of the dummy cell 40 and a conductive first layer 42 having heat insulating properties disposed between the pair of separators 41 of the dummy cell 40. The heat insulation of the first layer 42 is higher than the heat insulation of the MEAs of the cells 10 other than the end cells. In order to increase the heat insulation of the first layer 42, the first layer 42 may be composed of a porous film or a porous sheet.
The heat insulating dummy cell 40 includes a second layer 43 disposed between each separator 41 of the pair of separators 41 and the first layer 42. The second layer 43 is also a heat insulating layer, and the heat insulating property of the second layer 43 is higher than the heat insulating properties of the diffusion layers 13 and 16 of the cells 10 other than the end cells.

第２の層４３が高断熱性をもつようにするために、第２の層４３が、第１の層４２の面に対して垂直方向に延びるピン４４または壁を含む。これによって、中実プレートの場合に比べて、熱伝導面積、およびセパレータ４１や第１の層４２との接触面積を、低減することができる。
第２の層４３は、空気またはガス（たとえば、空気より断熱性が高い有機ガス）が充填され淀んだ断熱層４５、または、減圧された断熱層４５を含む。
断熱性ダミーセル４０のセパレータ４１の形状は、端部以外のセル（発電セル）１０のセパレータ１８とほぼ同じ形状（厚さ、平面形状、ガス流路、冷媒流路の各形状に関して同じ）である。断熱性ダミーセル４０のセパレータ４１には、端部以外のセル（発電セル）１０のセパレータ１８を用いてもよい。 In order for the second layer 43 to have high thermal insulation, the second layer 43 includes a pin 44 or a wall extending in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first layer 42. Thereby, compared with the case of a solid plate, the heat conduction area and the contact area with the separator 41 and the first layer 42 can be reduced.
The second layer 43 includes a heat insulating layer 45 filled with air or gas (for example, an organic gas having a higher heat insulating property than air) or a heat insulating layer 45 having a reduced pressure.
The shape of the separator 41 of the heat insulating dummy cell 40 is substantially the same shape as the separator 18 of the cell (power generation cell) 10 other than the end portion (the same is true for the thickness, the planar shape, the gas flow path, and the refrigerant flow path). . As the separator 41 of the heat insulating dummy cell 40, the separator 18 of the cell (power generation cell) 10 other than the end may be used.

本発明の全実施例にわたって共通する部分の作用、効果について説明する。
上記の断熱性ダミーセル４０、および燃料電池スタック２３では、第１の層４２を断熱性に優れた層としたので、従来（特開２００５−１９２２３号公報）の金属プレートの場合に比べて、ダミーセル４０が高断熱性となり、あるいはＭＥＡをもつセル１０（発電セル）の場合に比べて、ダミーセル４０が高断熱性となり、端部のダミーセル４０を通しての熱の持ち出しが抑制され、低温（たとえば、氷点以下の温度）からの燃料電池起動性が向上する。 Operations and effects of portions common to all the embodiments of the present invention will be described.
In the heat insulating dummy cell 40 and the fuel cell stack 23 described above, since the first layer 42 is a layer having excellent heat insulating properties, the dummy cell is compared with the conventional metal plate (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-19223). Compared with the case of the cell 10 (power generation cell) having the MEA 40, the dummy cell 40 has a high thermal insulation property, and heat is prevented from being taken out through the dummy cell 40 at the end, and the low temperature (for example, freezing point) Fuel cell startability from the following temperature) is improved.

また、断熱性ダミーセル４０のセパレータ４１と第１の層４２との間に配置された第２の層４３を有し、該第２の層４３が、第１の層４２の面に対して垂直方向に延びるピン４４または壁を有するので、セパレータ４１と第１の層４２との接触面積がピン４４または壁の断面積分に減少し、熱伝導面積の減少によって、断熱性ダミーセル４０がより一層高断熱性となる。その結果、低温（たとえば、氷点以下の温度）からの燃料電池起動性がより一層向上する。   In addition, it has a second layer 43 disposed between the separator 41 of the heat-insulating dummy cell 40 and the first layer 42, and the second layer 43 is perpendicular to the surface of the first layer 42. With the pin 44 or wall extending in the direction, the contact area between the separator 41 and the first layer 42 is reduced to the cross-sectional area of the pin 44 or wall, and the heat insulation dummy cell 40 is further increased by the reduction in the heat conduction area. It becomes thermal insulation. As a result, the fuel cell startability from a low temperature (for example, a temperature below the freezing point) is further improved.

また、第２の層４３が、空気またはガスが充填された断熱層、または、エアまたはガスが減圧された断熱層を含むので、空気またはガスは淀み、または減圧され、空気またはガスが流れる場合の空気またはガスによる熱の持ち去りと、熱伝達係数の増大がなくなり、断熱性ダミーセル４０がより一層高断熱性となる。その結果、低温（たとえば、氷点以下の温度）からの燃料電池起動性がより一層向上する。
また、断熱性ダミーセル４０のセパレータ４１が、端部以外のセル１０のセパレータ１８とほぼ同じ形状であるので、ダミーセル用のセパレータ４１を特別に作製する必要がない。 In addition, since the second layer 43 includes a heat insulating layer filled with air or gas, or a heat insulating layer in which air or gas is depressurized, the air or gas is stagnated or depressurized, and the air or gas flows. When heat is removed by air or gas, the heat transfer coefficient is not increased, and the heat insulating dummy cell 40 becomes further highly heat insulating. As a result, the fuel cell startability from a low temperature (for example, a temperature below the freezing point) is further improved.
Further, since the separator 41 of the heat insulating dummy cell 40 has substantially the same shape as the separator 18 of the cell 10 other than the end portion, it is not necessary to specially prepare the dummy cell separator 41.

つぎに、本発明の各実施例に特有な部分の構成、作用、効果を説明する。
〔実施例１〕−−−図１、図５−図７
本発明の実施例１の断熱性ダミーセル４０および燃料電池スタック２３では、図１、図５−図７に示すように、第１の層４２がカーボンを混入することにより導電性を付与した樹脂製の多孔質フィルムであり、第２の層４３が多数のピン４４を立設し、空気を充填したエア断熱層４５を含む。断熱性ダミーセル４０のセパレータ４１には発電セル１０のカーボンセパレータ１８と同じものを用いる。断熱性ダミーセル４０は、セル積層方向にみて、セル積層体の両端でターミナル２０のすぐ内側に配置される。
本発明の実施例１の作用、効果については、断熱性ダミーセル４０および燃料電池スタック２３が第１の層４２を有するので、断熱性ダミーセル４０のセル積層方向の断熱性が高くなり、端部のダミーセル４０を通しての熱の持ち出しが抑制され、低温（たとえば、氷点以下の温度）からの燃料電池起動性が向上する。断熱性ダミーセル４０および燃料電池スタック２３が第２の層４３を有するので、ピン４４による熱伝導面積の低減とエア断熱層４５による熱の持ち出しの抑制とにより、低温からの燃料電池起動性が向上する。 Next, the configuration, operation, and effect of the parts unique to each embodiment of the present invention will be described.
[Embodiment 1] FIG. 1, FIG. 5 to FIG.
In the heat insulating dummy cell 40 and the fuel cell stack 23 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5 to 7, the first layer 42 is made of a resin imparted with conductivity by mixing carbon. The second layer 43 includes a plurality of pins 44 erected and includes an air heat insulating layer 45 filled with air. The separator 41 of the heat insulating dummy cell 40 is the same as the carbon separator 18 of the power generation cell 10. The heat-insulating dummy cells 40 are disposed just inside the terminal 20 at both ends of the cell stack as viewed in the cell stacking direction.
Regarding the operation and effect of the first embodiment of the present invention, since the heat insulating dummy cell 40 and the fuel cell stack 23 have the first layer 42, the heat insulating property of the heat insulating dummy cell 40 in the cell stacking direction is increased, and The carry-out of heat through the dummy cell 40 is suppressed, and the fuel cell startability from a low temperature (for example, a temperature below the freezing point) is improved. Since the heat insulating dummy cell 40 and the fuel cell stack 23 have the second layer 43, the fuel cell startability from a low temperature is improved by reducing the heat conduction area by the pins 44 and suppressing the heat from being taken out by the air heat insulating layer 45. To do.

〔実施例２〕−−−図２、図５−図７
本発明の実施例２の断熱性ダミーセル４０および燃料電池スタック２３では、図２、図５−図７に示すように、第１の層４２を金属板（たとえば、ステンレス板）とし、第２の層４３をカーボンを混入して導電性を付与した多孔質樹脂板とする。断熱性ダミーセル４０のセパレータ４１にはメタルセパレータを用いる。非発電領域５２では、メタルセパレータ４１と第１の層４２との間に樹脂フレーム５３（発電セル１０の樹脂フレームと同じでよい）を配置する。ダミーセルセル４０と発電セル１０との間はガスケット３３でシールする。樹脂フレーム５２にはシールに関係しない部位に穴を設けてセル沿面方向（セル積層方向と直交する方向）の断熱性を向上させてもよい。
本発明の実施例２の作用、効果については、断熱性ダミーセル４０および燃料電池スタック２３が金属板の第１の層４２を有するので、ガス遮断性がよく、第２の層４３が多孔質材であっても、水素とエアの混合が防止される。また、第２の層４３を多孔質としたため、ピン４４をもたないにもかかわらず、断熱性ダミーセル４０のセル積層方向の断熱性が高くなり、端部のダミーセル４０を通しての熱の持ち出しが抑制され、低温からの燃料電池起動性が向上する。
樹脂フレーム５３を用いる場合は、樹脂フレーム５３がスタック積層方向にスタック締結荷重を受けることができ、容易に定寸構造を構成できる。
[Embodiment 2] FIG. 2, FIG. 5 to FIG.
In the heat insulating dummy cell 40 and the fuel cell stack 23 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 5 to FIG. The layer 43 is a porous resin plate provided with conductivity by mixing carbon. A metal separator is used as the separator 41 of the heat insulating dummy cell 40. In the non-power generation region 52, a resin frame 53 (which may be the same as the resin frame of the power generation cell 10) is disposed between the metal separator 41 and the first layer 42. A gap between the dummy cell 40 and the power generation cell 10 is sealed with a gasket 33. The resin frame 52 may be provided with holes in portions not related to the seal to improve the heat insulation in the cell creeping direction (direction perpendicular to the cell stacking direction).
Regarding the operation and effect of the second embodiment of the present invention, the heat insulating dummy cell 40 and the fuel cell stack 23 have the first layer 42 of the metal plate, so that the gas barrier property is good, and the second layer 43 is the porous material. Even so, mixing of hydrogen and air is prevented. Further, since the second layer 43 is made porous, the heat insulating property in the cell stacking direction of the heat insulating dummy cell 40 is enhanced even though the pin 44 is not provided, and heat is taken out through the dummy cell 40 at the end. It is suppressed and the fuel cell startability from a low temperature is improved.
When the resin frame 53 is used, the resin frame 53 can receive a stack fastening load in the stack stacking direction, and a fixed-size structure can be easily configured.

〔実施例３〕−−−図３、図５−図７
本発明の実施例３の断熱性ダミーセル４０および燃料電池スタック２３では、図３、図５−図７に示すように、第１の層４２をカーボンを混入して導電性を付与した多孔質樹脂板とし、第２の層４３を金属板（たとえば、ステンレス板）とする。断熱性ダミーセル４０のセパレータ４１にはメタルセパレータを用いる。非発電領域５２では、メタルセパレータ４１と第１の層４２との間に樹脂フレーム５３（発電セル１０の樹脂フレームと同じでよい）を配置する。ダミーセルセル４０と発電セル１０との間はガスケット３３でシールする。樹脂フレーム５２にはシールに関係しない部位に穴を設けてセル沿面方向（セル積層方向と直交する方向）の断熱性を向上させてもよい。
本発明の実施例３の作用、効果については、断熱性ダミーセル４０および燃料電池スタック２３が金属板の第２の層４３を有するので、ガス遮断性がよく、第１の層４２が多孔質材であっても、水素とエアの混合が防止される。また、第１の層４２を多孔質としたため、ピン４４をもたないにもかかわらず、断熱性ダミーセル４０のセル積層方向の断熱性が高くなり、端部のダミーセル４０を通しての熱の持ち出しが抑制され、低温からの燃料電池起動性が向上する。
樹脂フレーム５３を用いる場合は、樹脂フレーム５３がスタック積層方向にスタック締結荷重を受けることができ、容易に定寸構造を構成できる。 [Embodiment 3] FIGS. 3 and 5 to 7
In the heat insulating dummy cell 40 and the fuel cell stack 23 according to the third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 to 7, a porous resin in which the first layer 42 is mixed with carbon to impart conductivity. A plate is used, and the second layer 43 is a metal plate (for example, a stainless plate). A metal separator is used as the separator 41 of the heat insulating dummy cell 40. In the non-power generation region 52, a resin frame 53 (which may be the same as the resin frame of the power generation cell 10) is disposed between the metal separator 41 and the first layer 42. A gap between the dummy cell 40 and the power generation cell 10 is sealed with a gasket 33. The resin frame 52 may be provided with holes in portions not related to the seal to improve the heat insulation in the cell creeping direction (direction perpendicular to the cell stacking direction).
Regarding the operation and effect of the third embodiment of the present invention, since the heat insulating dummy cell 40 and the fuel cell stack 23 have the second layer 43 of the metal plate, the gas barrier property is good, and the first layer 42 is the porous material. Even so, mixing of hydrogen and air is prevented. In addition, since the first layer 42 is porous, the heat insulating property of the heat insulating dummy cell 40 in the cell stacking direction is enhanced even though the pin 44 is not provided, and heat is taken out through the dummy cell 40 at the end. It is suppressed and the fuel cell startability from a low temperature is improved.
When the resin frame 53 is used, the resin frame 53 can receive a stack fastening load in the stack stacking direction, and a fixed-size structure can be easily configured.

〔実施例４〕−−−図４−図７
本発明の実施例４の燃料電池スタック２３では、図４−図７に示すように、セル積層方向の端部のセル（たとえば、断熱性ダミーセル４０、ただし、実施例４では断熱性４０でなくてもよい）の外周に、該外周の一部または全周に、セル沿面方向（セル積層方向と直交する方向）の、端部ダミーセル４０を通しての、熱の持ち出しを抑制するための断熱材４６が配置されている。
本発明の実施例４の作用、効果については、端部ダミーセル４０の外周に断熱材４６を配置したので、セル積層方向と直交方向（沿面方向）の、端部ダミーセル４０を通しての熱の持ち出しも抑制することができる。
また、端部ダミーセル４０の外周に配置した断熱材４６を樹脂フレーム５３から構成した場合は、メタルセパレータの樹脂フレーム５３のシールに関係しない部位に穴を設けるなどして樹脂フレーム５３を高断熱性断熱材として兼用することができ、特別に外周の断熱材４６を作製する必要がない。 [Embodiment 4] FIG. 4 to FIG.
In the fuel cell stack 23 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 7, the end cell in the cell stacking direction (for example, the heat insulating dummy cell 40, but not the heat insulating property 40 in the fourth embodiment). A heat insulating material 46 for suppressing heat removal through the end dummy cell 40 in a cell creeping direction (a direction perpendicular to the cell stacking direction) on a part or all of the outer periphery. Is arranged.
Regarding the operation and effect of the fourth embodiment of the present invention, since the heat insulating material 46 is disposed on the outer periphery of the end dummy cell 40, heat is taken out through the end dummy cell 40 in the direction orthogonal to the cell stacking direction (surface direction). Can be suppressed.
Further, when the heat insulating material 46 arranged on the outer periphery of the end dummy cell 40 is constituted by the resin frame 53, the resin frame 53 is highly insulated by providing a hole in a portion not related to the seal of the resin frame 53 of the metal separator. It can also be used as a heat insulating material, and it is not necessary to produce the outer peripheral heat insulating material 46 specially.

本発明の実施例１の断熱性ダミーセルの断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the heat insulation dummy cell of Example 1 of this invention. 本発明の実施例２の断熱性ダミーセルの一部の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of a part of heat insulation dummy cell of Example 2 of this invention. 本発明の実施例３の断熱性ダミーセルの一部の断面図である。It is sectional drawing of a part of heat insulation dummy cell of Example 3 of this invention. 本発明の実施例４の断熱性ダミーセルを含む燃料電池スタックの断面図である。It is sectional drawing of the fuel cell stack containing the heat insulation dummy cell of Example 4 of this invention. 本発明の燃料電池スタックの側面図である。It is a side view of the fuel cell stack of the present invention. 図５の燃料電池スタックの発電セルの部位の一部の拡大断面図である。FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a part of a power generation cell portion of the fuel cell stack of FIG. 5. 図５の燃料電池スタックの発電セルの部位の一部の正面図である。FIG. 6 is a front view of a part of a power generation cell portion of the fuel cell stack of FIG. 5.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０ （固体高分子電解質型）燃料電池
１１ 電解質
１２、１５ 触媒層
１３、１６ 拡散層
１４ アノード
１７ カソード
１８ セパレータ
１９ ＭＥＡ
２０ ターミナル
２１ インシュレータ
２２ エンドプレート
２３ 燃料電池スタック
２４ 締結部材（テンションプレート）
２５ ボルト
２６ 冷媒流路（冷却水流路）
２７ 燃料ガス流路
２８ 酸化ガス流路
２９ 冷媒マニホールド
３０ 燃料ガスマニホールド
３１ 酸化ガスマニホールド
３２ 第１のシール部材
３３ 第２のシール部材
４０ 断熱性ダミーセル
４１ セパレータ
４２ 第１の層
４３ 第２の層
４４ ピン
４５ 断熱層
４６ 断熱材
５１ 発電領域
５２ 非発電領域
５３ 樹脂フレーム 10 (Solid polymer electrolyte type) Fuel cell 11 Electrolyte 12, 15 Catalyst layer 13, 16 Diffusion layer 14 Anode 17 Cathode 18 Separator 19 MEA
20 Terminal 21 Insulator 22 End plate 23 Fuel cell stack 24 Fastening member (tension plate)
25 Bolt 26 Refrigerant flow path (cooling water flow path)
27 Fuel gas channel 28 Oxidizing gas channel 29 Refrigerant manifold 30 Fuel gas manifold 31 Oxidizing gas manifold 32 First seal member 33 Second seal member 40 Thermal insulating dummy cell 41 Separator 42 First layer 43 Second layer 44 Pin 45 Heat insulation layer 46 Heat insulation material 51 Power generation area 52 Non-power generation area 53 Resin frame

Claims (9)

燃料電池スタックのセル積層体の端部に配置され、セパレータ間に配置された断熱性を有する導電性の第１の層を有する断熱性ダミーセル。   A heat-insulating dummy cell having a conductive first layer disposed at an end of a cell stack of a fuel cell stack and disposed between separators. 前記セパレータと前記第１の層との間に配置された第２の層を有し、該第２の層は、前記第１の層に対して垂直方向に延びるピンまたは壁を有する請求項１記載の断熱性ダミーセル。   2. A second layer disposed between the separator and the first layer, the second layer having a pin or wall extending perpendicular to the first layer. The heat insulating dummy cell described. 前記第２の層は、空気またはガスが充填された、または、減圧された、断熱層を含む請求項２記載の断熱性ダミーセル。   The heat insulating dummy cell according to claim 2, wherein the second layer includes a heat insulating layer filled with air or gas or decompressed. 前記断熱性ダミーセルのセパレータは、前記端部以外のセルのセパレータとほぼ同じ形状である請求項１または請求項２記載の断熱性ダミーセル。   The heat-insulating dummy cell according to claim 1, wherein a separator of the heat-insulating dummy cell has substantially the same shape as a separator of cells other than the end portions. 前記第１の層が多孔質層であり、前記第２の層が中実層である請求項２記載の断熱性ダミーセル。   The heat insulating dummy cell according to claim 2, wherein the first layer is a porous layer, and the second layer is a solid layer. 前記第１の層が中実層であり、前記第２の層が多孔質層である請求項２記載の断熱性ダミーセル。   The heat insulating dummy cell according to claim 2, wherein the first layer is a solid layer and the second layer is a porous layer. セル積層体を含む燃料電池スタックであって、セル積層体の端部に、セパレータ間に配置された断熱性を有する導電性の第１の層を有する断熱性ダミーセルを配置した燃料電池スタック。   A fuel cell stack including a cell stack, wherein a heat insulating dummy cell having a conductive first layer having heat insulating properties disposed between separators is disposed at an end of the cell stack. セル積層体を含む燃料電池スタックであって、セル積層体の端部に、ダミーセルを配置し、該ダミーセルの外周に断熱材を配置した燃料電池スタック。   A fuel cell stack including a cell stack, wherein a dummy cell is disposed at an end of the cell stack, and a heat insulating material is disposed on an outer periphery of the dummy cell. 前記ダミーセルの外周に配置した前記断熱材を樹脂フレームから構成した請求項８記載の燃料電池スタック。   The fuel cell stack according to claim 8, wherein the heat insulating material disposed on the outer periphery of the dummy cell is formed of a resin frame.
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