JP2007247928A - Method of manufacturing heat exchange-type reactor, and heat exchange-type reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat exchange-type reactor capable of securing sufficient heat transfer promotion/gas permeation effect, miniaturizing a device, and reducing a heat transfer distance and a substance moving distance. <P>SOLUTION: In manufacturing this heat exchange-type reactor 1 comprising a reaction material s having a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction in accompany with giving and receiving of heat with a heat exchange medium, and further comprising a heat exchange medium flow channel 3e in which the heat exchange medium h flows, and a reaction gas flow channel 3f in which a reaction gas g separated from the reaction material s or absorbed by the reaction material s by the gas-solid reversible reaction, flows, a precipitation phase se of the reaction material s is formed on surfaces of reactor structures 3a, 3b at a reaction gas flow channel 3f side, through a charging process for charging the reaction material solution prepared by dissolving the reaction material s in a solvent, into the reaction gas flow channel 3f, and a solvent desorbing process for desorbing the solvent from the reaction material solution in the charged state. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention includes a reaction material that causes a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction in response to transfer of heat to and from the heat exchange medium, a heat exchange medium flow path through which the heat exchange medium flows, and a gas-solid reversible reaction. The present invention relates to a heat exchange reactor provided with a reaction gas flow path through which a reaction gas separated from or absorbed by the reaction material flows.

This type of heat exchange type reactor is connected to a condenser through a communication pipe having a shut-off valve, for example, and constitutes a so-called chemical heat pump.
As shown in FIG. 2, the chemical heat pump is formed by connecting a reactor 10 in which a reaction material is stored and a condenser 11 through a communication pipe 12 through which a reaction gas can flow. A good operating state is maintained with the opening / closing operation of the shut-off valve 13 provided in and the transfer of heat in the reactor 10 and the condenser 11. When the hydration / dehydration reaction of calcium chloride is used for the reaction on the reactor 10 side and the evaporation / condensation of water in the condenser 11 is generated, the following heat storage step and heat release step are alternately selected. Will work.

Thermal storage process High-temperature heat is input to the reactor 10, and chemical thermal storage for storing chemical reaction energy occurs by dehydration of calcium chloride hydrate. The dehydrated water vapor moves to the condenser 11, and condensed water is generated in the condenser 11. In this state, the heat storage state can be maintained by maintaining the shut-off valve 13 in the closed state.
This heat storage operation is described as follows, where the amount of heat received by the reaction material is ΔH and the heat of condensation of the reaction gas is Δh.
CaCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O + ΔH → CaCl ₂ · 4H ₂ O + 2H ₂ O _gas
2H ₂ O _gas -Δh → 2H ₂ O _Liquid

Heat release process In the above heat storage state, when the shutoff valve 13 is opened, water is evaporated in the condenser 11 and transferred to the reactor 10 due to the pressure difference formed between the reactor 10 and the condenser 11. In the reactor 10, the hydration reaction of calcium chloride proceeds. At this time, in the reactor 10, warm heat is generated by heat of hydration reaction. In this application, the state after heat dissipation is called a heat dissipation state.
This heat dissipation operation is described as follows.
CaCl ₂ · 6H ₂ O ← CaCl ₂ · 4H ₂ O + 2H ₂ O _gas −ΔH
2H ₂ O _gas ← 2H ₂ O _Liquid + Δh

FIG. 3 shows the thermodynamic state in the reactor 10 in this operation mode. FIG. 3 shows the inverse 1 / T (unit [K ⁻¹ ]) of the temperature T on the horizontal axis and the pressure P (unit: dimensionless at 101.3 kPa) on the vertical axis, and Pe1, Pe2, Pe3 and Pe4 each correspond to an equilibrium state in which the equilibrium reaction shown in the lower side of the figure occurs.
In the figure, the aforementioned heat storage reaction is a change from the state a to the state b, and the heat release reaction is a change from the state c to the state d.

  As described above, the reactor includes a reaction material that causes a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction in association with heat exchange with the heat exchange medium, and the heat exchange medium through which the heat exchange medium flows. A flow path and a reaction gas flow path through which a reaction gas separated from or absorbed by the reaction material by a gas-solid reversible reaction flows are provided.

Conventionally, this reaction gas flow path has been configured as a particle-packed reaction layer containing a granular reaction material. However, the particle-packed reaction layer has inherently poor thermal conductivity, and the low heat recovery rate and low reaction rate due to this factor hindered the practical use of chemical heat pumps. In this respect, if the packing density of the particle layer is increased in order to increase the thermal conductivity, the permeability of the reaction gas is lowered.
Further, in order to reduce the size of the apparatus, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the particle layer to some extent. However, there is a problem that the reaction gas hardly penetrates into the particle layer.

In order to solve this kind of problem, various proposals as shown below have been made.
(1) For the purpose of improving the thermal conductivity in the reactor, a structure (Patent Document 1) including a spiral heat transfer tube (the inside is the heat exchange medium flow path described so far) A structure (Patent Document 2) has been proposed in which disk-shaped trays on which fins are arranged are arranged in multiple stages.
(2) As a technique to improve the thermal conductivity of the particulate reaction material itself, the expanded graphite is compressed and blocked, impregnated with a reaction material solution such as an inorganic salt, and then the solvent is evaporated to form a composite reaction. It has been proposed to obtain a material (Patent Document 3).

JP 2003-322431 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-182968 JP-A-8-283011

However, in the reactor described in Patent Document 1, if sufficient heat transfer promotion and gas permeation promotion effects are to be obtained, the volume occupied by the heat transfer tube increases and the apparatus becomes larger.
Even with the technique described in Patent Document 2, it is difficult to achieve both reduction in the size of the apparatus and reduction in the heat transfer distance and the mass transfer distance.
In the technique described in Patent Document 3, many procedures and apparatuses are required for producing the reaction material. In addition, since this method presupposes the presence of expanded graphite, the thermal conductivity is still poor due to the structural reason that the basic skeleton of the particle-filled reaction layer is basically protected.
Furthermore, in all of Patent Documents 1 to 3, the contact with the reaction material, the fin, the heat transfer tube, and the reactor structure surface is not good, and because of the contact thermal resistance between these reaction materials, the heat transfer promoting effect is achieved. Limited.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to achieve sufficient heat transfer promotion and gas permeation effect, and to achieve downsizing of the apparatus and reduction of heat transfer distance and mass transfer distance. It is to obtain a heat exchange type reactor that can obtain a heat exchange type reactor having such characteristics by a relatively simple manufacturing process. .

According to the present invention for achieving the above object,
With a reaction material that causes a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction with the transfer of heat to and from the heat exchange medium,
A heat exchange reactor comprising: a heat exchange medium flow path through which the heat exchange medium flows; and a reaction gas flow path through which a reaction gas separated from or absorbed by the reaction material by the gas-solid reversible reaction flows. The first characteristic configuration of the manufacturing method of
A filling step of filling the reaction gas channel with a reaction material solution obtained by dissolving the reaction material, which is an inorganic compound reaction material, in a solvent;
It is the point which forms the precipitation phase of the said reaction material in the reactor structure surface by the side of the said reaction gas flow path through the solvent desorption process which desorbs the said solvent from the said reaction material solution in the filling state.

  In this method, in the filling step, a reaction material solution in which a material that can be a reaction material is dissolved is obtained, and the solution is filled in the reaction gas flow path. In this filled state, the solution fills the reaction gas flow path, and the reactor structure surface and the space formed between the surfaces are filled.

Then, in the solvent desorption process, an operation of removing the solvent from the reaction material solution is executed. In this operation, heating, decompression, or both are performed. By doing in this way, the reaction material in a dissolved state precipitates at least on the surface of the reactor structure. Further, a precipitated phase is similarly formed at the intermediate portion of the structure called a fin-fin space, using the previously formed precipitated phase as a base.
An inorganic compound reactant, which is a reaction material that causes a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction as in the present application, forms a precipitated phase when a solvent elimination reaction is caused, and gas flows between the precipitated phases. The ventilation part which can be formed is also formed. As a result, even when the reaction material phase is formed in the reaction gas flow channel by the operation of depositing the reaction material directly starting from the reactor structure as in the present application, the air permeability of the portion can be ensured.

In this structure, a reaction material precipitate phase is formed on the surface of the reactor structure, so that the contact thermal resistance between the structure and the reaction material is reduced, and the heat release conductivity in the reaction material itself is increased. An effect can be obtained.
That is, since the reaction material precipitate phase is directly formed on the surface of the reactor structure, the adhesion between the reaction material and the structure surface is ensured, and the contact thermal resistance can be significantly reduced as compared with the conventional particle-packed reaction layer. .
Furthermore, between the reactor structure surfaces, the precipitated phase of the reaction material is formed in a continuous state, so that the thermal conductivity itself in the layer also increases.

Therefore, the heat transfer from the reaction material to the reactor structure becomes rapid, and the heat recovery efficiency is improved. Further, the rapid heat transfer from the reaction material to the reactor structure reduces the decrease in the reaction propulsion pressure difference due to the temperature change of the reaction material, which has been a big problem until now, and increases the overall reaction rate.
As a result, in addition to the increase in the overall reaction rate, the effect of increasing the packing density compared with the particle layer can be combined to reduce the size of the heat exchange reactor.

As described above, in order to obtain a reaction material as a precipitated phase,
A chemical gas-solid reversible reaction between a heat storage state in which the reaction material receives heat from the heat exchange medium and the reaction gas is separated, and a heat release state in which the reaction material radiates heat to the heat exchange medium and absorbs the reaction gas. If the reaction is repeated in
In the solvent desorption step, the reaction gas component ratio of the precipitation phase may be adjusted to a reaction gas component ratio that is less than the reaction gas component ratio of the reaction material in the heat release state to form a precipitation phase on the surface of the reactor structure. preferable.

  In this case, the gas-solid reversible reaction is such that the reaction gas is separated in the heat storage state and the reaction gas is absorbed in the heat release state, but the reaction gas component ratio is lower than the reaction gas component ratio in the heat storage state. By obtaining the phase in advance, the precipitated phase is stable in the gas-solid reversible reaction, and the chemical gas-solid reversible reaction can be favorably continued.

Further, in the filling step, a gas permeable material that allows the reaction gas to permeate is mixed into the reaction material solution, and after passing through the solvent desorption step, the reactant deposition phase and the gas are introduced into the reaction gas channel. It is preferable to form a composite layer in which a permeable material is mixed.
By mixing the gas permeable material in this manner, it is preferable because a reaction gas flow passage can be secured in the composite layer formed in the reaction gas flow path.
As this type of gas permeable material, expanded graphite or the like can be adopted as described later.

Further, in the filling step, a gap forming material that can be removed by heating is mixed in the reaction material solution,
Through the solvent desorption step, a precipitate forming phase of the reaction material is formed in the reaction gas flow path, and a void forming material removing step of heating and removing the void forming material is performed.
It is preferable that a void formed by removing the void forming material is formed between the precipitation phases of the reactive material in the reaction gas channel.

When this manufacturing method is adopted, voids are actively formed by mixing the void-forming material into the reaction material solution, forming the precipitated phase, and removing the void-forming material by heat treatment in the void-forming material removal step. it can.
Therefore, it is possible to reliably ensure a reaction gas ventilation path formed in the reaction gas channel. Furthermore, the ventilation | gas_flowing state can be adjusted by adjusting the quantity of this space | gap formation material.

As the configuration of the heat exchange reactor,
A plurality of plates arranged side by side and fins disposed between the plates are configured, and a passage formed between the plates is used as the reaction gas channel, and the reaction material is provided in the reaction gas channel. It is preferable that a precipitated phase is formed.
In this configuration, while following the structure of a conventional plate-fin heat exchanger, a precipitate phase of a reaction material is formed between the fins, and can be used as a reaction gas flow path. A heat exchange reactor capable of achieving the object of the present application can be obtained quickly.

  As an inorganic compound-based reaction material that has been described so far, it is preferable to employ one or more inorganic salts selected from calcium chloride, manganese chloride, magnesium chloride, nickel chloride, sodium carbonate, and calcium sulfate. A chemical gas-solid reversible reaction targeted by the present application can be generated. For example, a useful chemical heat pump can be constructed.

The reaction material obtained in this way, which causes a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction with the transfer of heat with the heat exchange medium,
A heat exchange reactor comprising: a heat exchange medium flow path through which the heat exchange medium flows; and a reaction gas flow path through which a reaction gas separated from or absorbed by the reaction material by the gas-solid reversible reaction flows. Is
It becomes a heat exchange type reactor provided with the reaction material precipitation phase on the surface of the reactor structure on the reaction gas flow path side.

The above is the explanation of the method for producing the heat exchange reactor and the structure of the heat exchange reactor according to the present application when the reactant solution can be obtained, but when it is difficult to obtain the reactant solution, The heat exchange reactor according to the present application can be obtained by the following method.
According to the present application, comprising a reaction material that causes a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction with the transfer of heat with the heat exchange medium,
A heat exchange reactor comprising: a heat exchange medium flow path through which the heat exchange medium flows; and a reaction gas flow path through which a reaction gas separated from or absorbed by the reaction material by the gas-solid reversible reaction flows. The second characteristic means of the manufacturing method of
The reactant is one or more selected from magnesium oxide or calcium oxide;
Performing a filling step of filling the reaction gas flow path with the pulverized slurry of the reaction material and a liquid desorption step of desorbing a liquid component from the slurry in a packed state, and a reactor structure The solidified phase of the reaction material is formed on the reaction gas flow channel side surface of the reaction gas.

  In this method, the reaction material is pulverized in the filling step to obtain the slurry. Then, the slurry is filled in the reaction gas channel. In this filled state, the slurry fills the reaction gas flow path, and the reactor structure surface and the space between the surfaces are filled.

In the liquid desorption step, an operation for removing the liquid from the slurry is executed. In this operation, heating, decompression, or both are performed. By doing so, the reaction material forms a solidified phase at least on the surface of the reactor structure. Further, a solidified phase is similarly formed at the intermediate portion of the structure such as between the fins based on the solidified phase precipitation formed earlier.
In this example, magnesium oxide or calcium oxide, which is the reaction material of interest, causes a liquid desorption reaction to form a solidified phase and is formed into a powder form. It also forms a ventilation part through which gas can flow. As a result, even when the reaction material phase is formed in the reaction gas flow path by forming the solidified phase of the reaction material directly starting from the reactor structure as in the present application, the air permeability of the site can be ensured.

In this structure, since a solidified phase of the reaction material is formed on the surface of the reactor structure, the effect of reducing the contact thermal resistance between the structure and the reaction material, and the increase of the heat output conductivity in the reaction material itself An effect can be obtained.
That is, since the solidified phase of the reaction material is directly formed on the surface of the reactor structure, adhesion between the reaction material and the surface of the structure is ensured, and the contact thermal resistance can be made lower than that of the conventional particle-packed reaction layer.
Further, since the solidified phase of the reaction material is formed in a continuous state between the reactor structure surfaces, the thermal conductivity itself in the layer also increases.

Therefore, the heat transfer from the reaction material to the reactor structure becomes rapid, and the heat recovery efficiency is improved. Further, the rapid heat transfer from the reaction material to the reactor structure reduces the decrease in the reaction propulsion pressure difference due to the temperature change of the reaction material, which has been a big problem until now, and increases the overall reaction rate.
As a result, in addition to the increase in the overall reaction rate, the effect of increasing the packing density compared with the particle layer can be combined to reduce the size of the heat exchange reactor.

  In the filling step, a gas permeable material that allows the reaction gas to permeate is mixed in the slurry, and after passing through the liquid desorption step, the solidified phase of the reactant and the gas permeation are introduced into the reaction gas channel. It is preferable to form a composite layer in which a functional material is mixed.

By mixing the gas permeable material in this manner, it is preferable because a reaction gas flow passage can be secured in the composite layer formed in the reaction gas flow path.
As this type of gas permeable material, expanded graphite or the like can be adopted as described later.

Furthermore, in the filling step, a void forming material that can be removed by heating is mixed into the slurry,
Through the liquid desorption step, a solidified phase of the reaction material is formed in the reaction gas flow path, and a void forming material removing step of heating and removing the void forming material is performed.
It is preferable that a void formed by removing the void forming material is formed between the solidified phases of the reaction material in the reaction gas channel.

When this manufacturing method is adopted, voids are actively formed by mixing the void-forming material in the reaction material solution, forming the solidified phase, and removing the void-forming material by heat treatment in the void-forming material removal step. it can.
Therefore, it is possible to reliably ensure a reaction gas ventilation path formed in the reaction gas channel. Furthermore, the ventilation | gas_flowing state can be adjusted by adjusting the quantity of this space | gap formation material.

As the configuration of the heat exchange reactor,
A plurality of plates arranged side by side and fins disposed between the plates are configured, and a passage formed between the plates is used as the reaction gas channel, and the reaction material is provided in the reaction gas channel. It is preferable that a precipitated phase is formed.
In this configuration, while following the structure of a conventional plate-fin heat exchanger, a precipitate phase of a reaction material is formed between the fins, and can be used as a reaction gas flow path. A heat exchange reactor capable of achieving the object of the present application can be obtained quickly.

The heat exchange reactor produced by the above production method is
With a reaction material that causes a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction with the transfer of heat to and from the heat exchange medium,
A heat exchange reactor comprising: a heat exchange medium flow path through which the heat exchange medium flows; and a reaction gas flow path through which a reaction gas separated from or absorbed by the reaction material by the gas-solid reversible reaction flows. Because
The reactant is one or more selected from magnesium oxide or calcium oxide;
The surface of the reactor structure on the reaction gas flow path side is provided with a solidified phase of the reaction material.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4 by using an example in which the heat exchange reactor 1 according to the present application is used for a chemical heat pump.
The embodiment according to the present application is the first embodiment in which the reaction material s can be dissolved in a solvent and the phase of the reaction material s is obtained as the precipitation phase se, and the reaction material s is hardly soluble or insoluble, The second embodiment obtained as a solidified phase is included.
1 The structure of the heat exchange reactor 1, 2 First embodiment, 3 Second embodiment will be described in this order. In the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the structure of the reactor 1 itself is common, and there is a difference whether the reaction material s is a precipitated phase se or a solidified phase.

1 Structure of Heat Exchange Type Reactor 1 As shown in FIG. 1, this reactor 1 includes a plate fin type heat exchange unit 3 in a reaction vessel 2.
A heat exchange medium h sent from outside the reaction vessel 2 is fed into the vessel 2 through the medium inlet 4 and reaches the heat exchange unit 3, and the heat exchange unit 3 exchanges heat with the heat exchange unit 3. A structure is adopted in which the heat exchange medium h that has been finished is led out of the reaction vessel 2 from the medium outlet 5.

  As shown in the drawing, the heat exchanging section 3 is configured in a plate fin shape, and includes a plurality of plates 3a arranged in parallel and fins 3b disposed between the plurality of plates 3a. As shown in FIG. 1A, the heat exchanging section 3 is provided with an inflow side header 3c and an outflow side header 3d, and a structure in which a plate 3a is spanned between the headers 3c and 3d is adopted. ing. Further, a heat exchange medium flow path 3e through which the heat exchange medium h flows is formed between the headers 3c and 3d in the plate 3a, and the reaction material s disposed between the fins 3b. It is possible to carry out heat exchange with

  Now, between the plates 3a, corrugated fins 3b are disposed. Between the fins 3b, the reaction material s is located, and a configuration is adopted in which the reaction gas g can flow between the phases of the reaction material s. In this structure, between the plates 3a and between the fins 3b, the flow path formed in the front and back direction in FIG. 1B becomes a flow path (see FIG. 4) through which the reaction gas g flows. It is called a gas flow path 3f.

In the present application, the reaction material s is positioned so as to cover the reaction gas flow path side surfaces of the plate 3a and the fin 3b, and also covers the space formed between the fins 3b as a layer. This state is shown in FIG. 1 (b) and FIG. The layer of the reaction material s has a communication space sufficient for the reaction gas g to flow due to the manufacturing method.
In the first embodiment described below, the layer of the reaction material s is a precipitated phase se precipitated from a solution, and in the second embodiment, the layer of the reaction material s includes a solidified phase in which fine powder is solidified. It has become.

  In the example shown in FIG. 1 (a), a configuration in which the heat exchange medium h flows from the left to the right in the heat exchange medium flow path 3e is used in the figure, and is separated from the reaction material s or changed to the reaction material s. The absorbed reaction gas g flows in the reaction gas flow path 3f in the front and back direction of the drawing, and is sent to the condenser 6 (see FIG. 2) or returns from the condenser 6.

  Here, the specific configuration of the embodiment in the example shown in FIG. 1 will be described. The distance between the header 3c and the header 3d (that is, the width of the reaction gas flow path 3f) is about 26 cm. The distance between the 3a and the plate 3a (that is, the height of the reaction gas flow path 3f) is about 1.2 cm, and the bending cycle of the fins 3a formed in a wave shape is about 0.5 cm.

  The above is the mechanical configuration of the heat exchange reactor 1 according to the present application. Hereinafter, the first embodiment and the second embodiment will be described. The difference between these embodiments lies in the fact that the layer of the reaction material s formed between the fins 3a is composed of a precipitated phase se or a solidified phase, and therefore the manufacturing method will be mainly described.

2 First Embodiment A reactor structure is prepared before a reaction material layer is formed between the fins 3a. As described above, in this reactor structure, the headers 3c and 3d, the numerous plates 3a, and the fins 3b are coupled as shown in FIG. 1, and the reaction material s is still provided in the reaction gas flow path 3f. It is not.

The production of the heat exchange type reactor 1 in the first embodiment is performed through a filling step and a solvent desorption step. This will be described in order below.
Filling Step This step is a step of filling the reaction gas channel 3f with a reaction material solution in which the reaction material s, which is an inorganic compound-based reaction material, is dissolved in a solvent.
Here, examples of the inorganic compound-based reaction material include one or more selected from calcium chloride, manganese chloride, magnesium chloride, nickel chloride, sodium carbonate, and calcium sulfate.
For calcium chloride, water, methanol, ammonia, and methylamine cause the chemical gas-solid reversible reaction referred to in the present application.
For manganese chloride, water and ammonia cause the chemical gas-solid reversible reaction referred to herein.
For magnesium chloride, water, methanol, and ammonia cause a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction as referred to herein.
For nickel chloride, ammonia causes the chemical gas-solid reversible reaction referred to herein.
For sodium carbonate, water causes the chemical gas-solid reversible reaction referred to herein.
For calcium sulfate, water causes the chemical gas-solid reversible reaction referred to herein.

As a solvent for these inorganic compound-based reactants, water, alcohol, or the like can be generally used, and acid, acetone, glycerin, or the like can also be used as a solvent.
The reaction material solution may be generated at normal temperature and normal pressure (this state is the state e shown in FIG. 3), but can also be performed in an environment in a heated / depressurized state. In the case of the present application, since the obtained reactant solution is filled in the reaction gas channel 3f, the solution concentration is sufficiently high.
The filling process is completed by filling the reaction gas channel 3f with the reaction material solution thus obtained. In the case of the present application, this filling step may be performed by filling the reaction gas flow path 3f with a paste-like reaction material solution before being disposed in the heat exchange section 3 in the reaction vessel 2.

Solvent Desorption Step In this step, the solvent is desorbed from the reactant solution in the packed state. For this desorption, the inside deaeration is performed while heating with the upper opening of the container closed. By doing in this way, the deposition phase se of the reaction material s can be formed at least on the surface of the reactor structure on the reaction gas flow path 3f side. In the present application, in order to fill the reactant solution at least between the fins 3b and further between the fins 3b and the plate 3a in the previous filling step, the reactor structure surface (the fin 3b surface or the reaction gas flow of the plate 3a) A precipitation phase se of the reaction material s is formed on the surface of the path 3f. Further, in this precipitation, after the precipitation phase se is formed on the surface of the reactor structure, a continuous layer of the precipitation phase se having air permeability is formed in a form crossing the reaction gas flow path 3f.

The conditions for producing the precipitated phase are set in consideration of the state of the chemical gas-solid reversible reaction described above with reference to FIG. That is, a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction includes a heat storage state where the reaction material s receives heat from the heat exchange medium h and the reaction gas g is separated, and the reaction material s radiates heat to the heat exchange medium h. In the solvent desorption process, the reaction in the heat dissipation state is assumed to be a reaction repeated between the heat dissipation state in which the heat is absorbed (this heat dissipation state is on the equilibrium line indicated by Pe4 in FIG. 3). The conditions of the final stage of the solvent desorption step are set so that the reaction gas component ratio of the precipitated phase se becomes less than the reaction gas component ratio of the material s. This state is a state f or a state f ′ located below the equilibrium line Pe4.
In this way, the precipitated phase se of the reaction material can be obtained at least on the surface of the reactor structure.

The conditions for preparing the reaction material solution and the conditions for the solvent desorption process when calcium chloride hydrate is used as the reaction material are shown below.
Conditions for preparing the reaction material solution 80 to 82.8 g of calcium chloride is dissolved in 100 g of water to obtain a calcium chloride solution (concentration 44.4 to 45.3 mass%). The reactant solution is prepared at room temperature and normal pressure. And after heating and concentrating the saturated solution obtained by making it above, the temperature is lowered | hung and the solution which is going to solidify is used for the following filling. The concentration of such a solidified solution (calcium chloride concentration at the time of filling) was 62 to 70% by mass.
Conditions for Solvent Desorption Step The calcium chloride solution obtained under the above conditions is filled between the fins 3b and subjected to dehydration and firing treatment. In the case of this filling, in the case of the present application, the reaction material solution may be filled in the reaction vessel 2 in a state where the heat exchange unit 3 is disposed in the reaction vessel 2.

  Dehydration is performed for 180 minutes under conditions of a temperature of room temperature and a pressure of 1 kPa, or a temperature of 80 to 100 ° C. and a normal pressure. By executing this process, in FIG. 3, calcium chloride becomes a state indicated by states f and f ′.

  Subsequent to the dehydration process, the baking process is performed for 60 minutes under the conditions of a temperature of 250 ° C. and a normal pressure. By executing this processing, calcium chloride is in a state indicated by a state y in FIG. By performing the baking treatment, the precipitated phase se of the reaction material s can be stabilized.

  FIG. 4 shows the state of the reaction gas flow path 3f formed between the fins 3b obtained by performing the above treatment. As can be seen from this figure, it can be seen that voids 7 through which the reaction gas g can flow are formed between the precipitated phases se of calcium chloride.

The amount of water absorbed in the heat exchange reactor thus obtained showed a marked increase.
The result will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a drawing showing a comparison of the amount of water absorption, where white circles ○ indicate the water absorption amount of the heat exchange type reactor according to the present application, black circles ● indicate the conventional type (the reaction material is calcium chloride, and a particulate reaction layer is provided). Water absorption amount). FIG. 5A shows the water absorption amount compared per unit weight of the reaction material, and FIG. 5B shows the water absorption amount compared at the same volume (occupied volume is the same). In these drawings, the horizontal axis indicates the elapsed time from the beginning of water absorption.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, when the structure of the present application is adopted, a water absorption amount of about 3 times per unit weight of the reaction material is obtained, and a water absorption amount of about 1.5 times that of the same volume is obtained. Has been obtained.

3 Second Embodiment A reactor structure 1 is prepared before forming a layer of the reaction material s between the fins 3b. As described above, this reactor structure is obtained by combining headers 3c and 3d, a large number of plates 3a, and fins 3b as shown in FIG.

The production of the heat exchange type reactor 1 in the second embodiment is performed through a filling step and a liquid desorption step. This will be described in order below.
Filling Step This step is a step of filling the reaction gas flow path 3f with magnesium oxide or calcium oxide powder slurry.
For magnesium oxide, water causes a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction as referred to herein.
For calcium oxide, water and carbon dioxide cause the chemical gas-solid reversible reaction referred to in the present application.

  As these powders, those having an average particle size of about 0.01 to 200 μm are used.

  When these materials are used as a slurry, water, alcohol or the like can be generally used as the liquid, and acetone, toluene or the like can also be used as the liquid. The slurry is made at room temperature and normal pressure. In the case of the present application, since the obtained slurry is filled in the reaction gas channel 3f, the slurry concentration is sufficiently high. In the case of the present application, this filling step can be performed before the heat exchange unit 3 is disposed in the reaction vessel 2. The filling process is completed by filling the reaction gas flow path 3f with the slurry thus obtained.

Liquid desorption step In this step, the liquid component is desorbed from the slurry in a packed state. As in the above example, the degassing is performed while heating with the upper opening of the container closed, as in the above example.
By doing in this way, the solidified phase of the reaction material s can be formed at least on the surface of the reactor structure on the side of the reaction gas channel 3f. In the present application, in order to fill the slurry at least between the fins 3b and further between the fins 3b and the plate 3a in the previous filling step, the reactor structure surface (the surface of the fin 3b or the reaction gas flow path side surface of the plate 3a) ) To form a solidified phase of the reaction material s. Further, in the formation of the solidified phase, after the solidified phase is formed on the surface of the reactor structure, a continuous layer of the solidified phase having air permeability is formed so as to cross the reaction gas flow path 3f.

The conditions for forming the slurry and the liquid desorption step when calcium oxide is used as the reaction material are shown below.
Slurry preparation conditions 20 to 60 g of calcium oxide powder having an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 200 μm is mixed with 100 g of water to obtain a slurry of calcium oxide powder. The slurry is produced at room temperature and normal pressure. The saturated solution obtained as described above is heated once to increase the concentration, and then the temperature is lowered and the solution to be solidified (called slurry) is used for the following filling.
Conditions for the liquid desorption step The calcium oxide slurry obtained under the above conditions is filled between the fins 3b and subjected to dehydration and firing treatment.

  Dehydration is carried out for 24 hours at a temperature of 80 ° C. and normal pressure. By performing this treatment, a solidified phase of calcium oxide powder can be formed on the surface of the reactor structure.

  Subsequent to the dehydration process, the baking process is performed for 240 minutes under the conditions of a temperature of 600 ° C. and a normal pressure. By performing this process, the solidified phase of the reaction material s can be stabilized by performing the baking process.

[Another embodiment]
In the embodiment described so far, the case where a layer of a reactive material having air permeability is formed in the reaction gas channel 3f has been described. However, as an improvement in heat transfer and air permeability, an improvement in air permeability, The following manufacturing method can be taken.
Hereinafter, the first embodiment and the second embodiment will be described separately.
(1) Improvement of heat transfer and air permeability In the case of this embodiment In this case, in the filling process, a gas permeable material that allows the reaction gas to permeate is mixed in the reaction material solution, and then the solvent desorption process is performed. In the reaction gas flow path, a composite layer in which the precipitated phase of the reaction material and the gas permeable material are mixed can be formed.
Typical examples of this type of gas permeable material include expanded graphite and metal foam. When a reaction material solution mixed with such a gas permeable material is used to precipitate a reaction material precipitation phase, a reaction material precipitation phase can be formed on the surface of the reactor structure material and the gas permeable material. .
When expanded graphite is used, heat conductivity and air permeability can be ensured due to the high thermal conductivity of this material, but the mixing amount is preferably 1 to 20% by mass as the mixing ratio of expanded graphite. When the content is lower than 1% by mass, the mixing effect of the expanded graphite is hardly expressed, and when the content is higher than 20% by mass, a problem that the packing density of the reaction material decreases is likely to occur.
In the case of this embodiment, in the case of this embodiment, in the filling step, a gas permeable material that allows the reaction gas to permeate is mixed into the slurry, and after passing through the liquid desorption step, A composite layer in which the solidified phase and the gas permeable material are mixed can be formed. In this case, the average particle diameter of the reaction material is set to be sufficiently small (for example, 1/10) with respect to the diameter of the air hole of the gas permeable material.
Also in this embodiment, as the gas permeable material, expanded graphite, metal foam and the like are typical. When the solidified phase of the reaction material is formed using the slurry mixed with such a gas permeable material, the solidified phase of the reaction material can be formed on the surface of the reactor structure material and the surface of the gas permeable material.

  When expanded graphite is used, heat conductivity and air permeability can be ensured due to the high thermal conductivity of this material, but the mixing amount is the mixing ratio of expanded graphite (expanded graphite amount / (reaction material amount + expansion amount). The amount of graphite is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, and if it is lower than 1% by mass, the mixing effect of expanded graphite is difficult to express, and if it is higher than 20% by mass, the problem of reducing the packing density of the reaction material tends to occur.

(2) Improvement of air permeability In the case of the first embodiment In this case, in the filling step, a void forming material that can be removed by heating is mixed in the reaction material solution, and after passing through the solvent desorption step, the precipitated phase of the reaction material Is formed in the reaction gas flow path 3f, and a void forming material removing step is performed in which the void forming material is removed by heating. A void formed by removing the void forming material between the precipitation phases of the reaction material in the reaction gas flow path. Form.

As this kind of void forming material, sodium bicarbonate or carbon particles are used. Even in the example using only the reaction material shown above, firing is performed after dehydration. Since this firing step is performed at a relatively high temperature (about 300 ° C. in the previous example), this firing step is When the void forming material referred to in the present application is mixed, it also serves as a void forming material removing step. The mixing ratio of the void forming material (the amount of void forming material / (the amount of reaction material + the amount of void forming material)) is about several mass%.
By executing this step, sufficient voids can be formed in the reaction material layer.

In the case of the second embodiment In the case of this example, in the filling process, a void forming material that can be removed by heating is mixed into the slurry, and the solidified phase of the reaction material is formed in the reaction gas channel through the liquid desorption process. At the same time, a void forming material removing step of removing the void forming material by heating is performed, and voids formed by removing the void forming material are formed between the solidified phases of the reaction material in the reaction gas flow path.

As this kind of void forming material, sodium bicarbonate or carbon particles are used. Even in the example using only the reaction material shown above, firing is performed after dehydration. Since this firing step is performed at a relatively high temperature (about 300 ° C. in the previous example), this firing step is When the void forming material referred to in the present application is mixed, it also serves as a void forming material removing step. The mixing ratio of the void forming material (the amount of void forming material / (the amount of reaction material + the amount of void forming material)) is about several mass%.
By executing this step, sufficient voids can be formed in the reaction material layer.

  A heat exchange reactor capable of ensuring sufficient heat transfer and gas permeation effects and miniaturizing the apparatus and reducing the heat transfer distance and mass transfer distance could be obtained. Further, the heat exchange reactor according to the present application can be manufactured by a relatively simple manufacturing process.

Diagram showing the configuration of a heat exchange reactor Operation explanatory diagram of chemical heat pump using calcium chloride hydrate as reaction material The figure which shows the operating state of the chemical heat pump and the state when the reactant is deposited The figure which shows the state of the precipitation phase of calcium chloride formed between fins Comparison of water absorption

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heat exchange reactor 2 Reaction container 3 Heat exchange part 3a Plate 3b Fin 3e Heat exchange medium flow path 3f Reaction gas flow path g Reaction gas s Reactive material se Precipitation phase h Heat exchange medium

Claims (12)

With a reaction material that causes a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction with the transfer of heat to and from the heat exchange medium,
A heat exchange reactor comprising: a heat exchange medium flow path through which the heat exchange medium flows; and a reaction gas flow path through which a reaction gas separated from or absorbed by the reaction material by the gas-solid reversible reaction flows. A manufacturing method of
A filling step of filling the reaction gas channel with a reaction material solution obtained by dissolving the reaction material, which is an inorganic compound reaction material, in a solvent;
A heat exchange reactor that forms a deposition phase of the reaction material on the surface of the reactor structure on the reaction gas flow path side through a solvent desorption step of desorbing the solvent from the reaction material solution in a packed state Manufacturing method. The chemical gas-solid reversible reaction includes a heat storage state where the reaction material receives heat from the heat exchange medium and the reaction gas is separated, and the reaction material dissipates heat to the heat exchange medium. It is a reaction repeated between the absorbed heat dissipation state,
In the solvent desorption step, the reaction gas component ratio of the precipitation phase is adjusted to a reaction gas component ratio that is less than the reaction gas component ratio of the reaction material in the heat dissipation state, and the precipitation on the reactor structure surface The method for producing a heat exchange reactor according to claim 1, wherein a phase is formed.   In the filling step, a gas permeable material that allows the reaction gas to permeate is mixed in the reaction material solution, and after passing through the solvent desorption step, the reaction material flow path includes the precipitated phase of the reaction material and the gas permeability. The manufacturing method of the heat exchange type | mold reactor of Claim 1 or 2 which forms the composite layer in which material is mixed. In the filling step, a gap forming material that can be removed by heating is mixed into the reaction material solution,
Through the solvent desorption step, a precipitate forming phase of the reaction material is formed in the reaction gas flow path, and a void forming material removing step of heating and removing the void forming material is performed.
The method for producing a heat exchange reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a void formed by removing the void forming material is formed between the precipitation phases of the reactive material in the reaction gas flow path.   A plurality of plates arranged side by side and fins disposed between the plates are configured, and a passage formed between the plates serves as the reaction gas flow path, and the reaction gas flow path includes the reaction The method for producing a heat exchange reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a precipitated phase of the material is formed.   The heat exchange according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the inorganic compound-based reaction material is one or more inorganic salts selected from calcium chloride, manganese chloride, magnesium chloride, nickel chloride, sodium carbonate, and calcium sulfate. Type reactor manufacturing method. With a reaction material that causes a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction with the transfer of heat to and from the heat exchange medium,
A heat exchange reactor comprising: a heat exchange medium flow path through which the heat exchange medium flows; and a reaction gas flow path through which a reaction gas separated from or absorbed by the reaction material by the gas-solid reversible reaction flows. Because
A heat exchange type reactor in which a reaction material precipitation phase is provided on the surface of the reactor structure on the reaction gas flow path side. With a reaction material that causes a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction with the transfer of heat to and from the heat exchange medium,
A heat exchange reactor comprising: a heat exchange medium flow path through which the heat exchange medium flows; and a reaction gas flow path through which a reaction gas separated from or absorbed by the reaction material by the gas-solid reversible reaction flows. A manufacturing method of
The reactant is one or more selected from magnesium oxide or calcium oxide;
Performing a filling step of filling the reaction gas flow path with the pulverized slurry of the reaction material and a liquid desorption step of desorbing a liquid component from the slurry in a packed state, and a reactor structure A method for producing a heat exchange reactor in which a solidified phase of the reaction material is formed on the reaction gas flow channel side surface.   In the filling step, a gas permeable material that allows the reaction gas to permeate is mixed into the slurry, and after passing through the liquid desorption step, the solidified phase of the reaction material and the gas permeable material enter the reaction gas flow path. The method for producing a heat exchange reactor according to claim 8, wherein a composite layer in which is mixed is formed. In the filling step, a void forming material that can be removed by heating is mixed into the slurry,
Through the liquid desorption step, a solidified phase of the reaction material is formed in the reaction gas flow path, and a void forming material removing step of heating and removing the void forming material is performed.
The method for producing a heat exchange reactor according to claim 8 or 9, wherein a void formed by removing the void forming material is formed between the solidified phases of the reaction material in the reaction gas channel.   A plurality of plates arranged side by side and fins disposed between the plates are configured, and a passage formed between the fins serves as the reaction gas flow path, and the reaction gas flow path includes the reaction gas flow path. The method for producing a heat exchange reactor according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein a solidified phase of the reaction material is formed. With a reaction material that causes a chemical gas-solid reversible reaction with the transfer of heat to and from the heat exchange medium,
A heat exchange reactor comprising: a heat exchange medium flow path through which the heat exchange medium flows; and a reaction gas flow path through which a reaction gas separated from or absorbed by the reaction material by the gas-solid reversible reaction flows. Because
The reactant is one or more selected from magnesium oxide or calcium oxide;
A heat exchange type reactor comprising a solidified phase of the reaction material on the surface of the reactor structure on the reaction gas channel side.

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