JP2007233159A - Educational device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an educational device capable of transmitting tacit knowledge (experience knowledge). <P>SOLUTION: In the educational device, a business simulating device 1 which simulates business as an object of education based upon operations by an operator gathers and accumulates operations of the business simulating device and their procedure and history data A201 of input to and output from the business simulating device 1 when the business as the object of education is simulated by a gathering and accumulating function 2, and restores the history data A201 accumulated by the gathering and accumulating function 2 by a restoring function 4 to accumulate and reproduce tacit knowledge of an instructor, thereby transmitting the tacit knowledge. Further, a judgment function 8 compares an instructor's way of advancing the operations with a learner's way of advancing the operations based upon the history data to assist the learner in learning. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an educational apparatus for transferring a person's know-how, experience knowledge, and tacit knowledge to another person.

Traditionally, know-how acquired by experienced people has been passed down through experience under guidance through the form of apprenticeship. For example, in a company, it has been handed down as knowledge that can demonstrate creativity by repeating various experiences (OJT = On the Job Training) under a leader.
Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) devices are widely used to support education using computers, but this is intended for the education of textbook knowledge and is intended for the transfer of expert know-how. Not.
In addition, a mechanism for storing know-how in a database has been proposed, but conventionally the know-how storage support device that has been proposed has been documented or verbally explained, and the know-how that has been passed on to collaborators has been It is memorized in a format and can be searched. (Patent Document 1)
Alternatively, in a maintenance simulation device, a skilled person can appropriately register know-how while simulating nuclear plant maintenance work, and a trainer can receive guidance based on this know-how while performing simulation. There is an example. (Patent Document 2)

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-119252 (pages 3 to 6, FIG. 1) Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-215314 (pages 5-8, FIG. 1)

In knowledge science, know-how, that is, knowledge based on experience, is divided into “explicit knowledge” (formal knowledge / morphological knowledge) that can be expressed by language, charts and mathematical formulas, and “implicit knowledge” (experience knowledge) that cannot be expressed by these. Since tacit knowledge is knowledge that cannot be expressed in words, in order to pass on this, a leader who has already acquired tacit knowledge must continue to teach along with the learner. Experience "is said to be necessary.
The conventional devices shown in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 both try to store knowledge by expressing it in language, charts and mathematical formulas, and can store and pass on some "explicit knowledge". However, it does not store or pass on “tacit knowledge”.

On the other hand, in education and training, knowledge and techniques that have been acquired through OJT have become difficult to pass down due to a decrease in the chances of encountering troubles and maintenance due to the high functionality and reliability of various systems. In addition, in the “2007 issue”, which is said to be a retirement of the baby boom generation that counts about 6.7 million people at once, the succession of advanced skills and know-how cultivated to date is discontinued. The danger of making it pointed out.
Based on these circumstances, it is desired to realize a mechanism that supports the inheritance of expert know-how, in particular, the inheritance of “implicit knowledge” that is the key to know-how inheritance.

  This invention was made in order to solve the above-mentioned subject, and it aims at obtaining the educational apparatus which can transmit tacit knowledge (experience knowledge).

  In the educational apparatus according to the present invention, a business simulation apparatus for simulating a business to be trained in response to an operation by an operator, an operation of the business simulation apparatus when the business to be trained is simulated by the business simulation apparatus, its procedure, and a business simulation Collecting and accumulating means for collecting and accumulating history data including output from the apparatus, restoring means for restoring the history data accumulated by the collecting and accumulating means, and a plurality of history data obtained by operating the business simulation apparatus for the same education target job Are provided with comparison judgment means for judging the difference.

  As described above, the present invention relates to a business simulation device that simulates a business to be trained in response to an operation by an operator, operation of the business simulation device when the business to be trained is simulated by this business simulation device, its procedure, and business Collecting and accumulating means for collecting and accumulating history data including output from the simulation apparatus, restoring means for restoring the history data accumulated by the collection and accumulating means, and a plurality of histories in which the operation simulator is operated for the same education target job Comparing and judging means for comparing data and judging differences, the tacit knowledge of the instructor can be accumulated and reproduced, and the learner can make an implicit by comparing the instructor with himself Knowledge can be acquired.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an educational apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, an educational device simulates a business to be trained in accordance with an operation of an operator such as a leader or a learner, and accumulates an operation history as history data B202 (first history data). The collection and storage function 2 (collection and storage means) that collects and stores the operation and procedure of the business simulation apparatus 1 for a business subject to human education using the business simulation apparatus 1 and the history data of input and output to the business simulation apparatus 1 ), History data A201 (second history data) accumulated by the collection / accumulation function 2, history data B202 accumulated by the work simulation apparatus 1, and history data A201, Restoration function 4 (restoration means) for restoring history data of operation / procedure / input / output, history data A201 and history of work to be taught by a plurality of persons (for example, a leader and a learner) Comparing over data B 202, the comparison determination function for determining differences 8 (comparative determination means), and a system management function 5 which performs startup control of these functions.
As shown in FIG. 2, the history data B202 is obtained by accumulating operation logs, input data, and output data of the business simulation apparatus 1, and the history data A201 is stored in the business simulation apparatus as shown in FIG. Startup information, event identification information, operator input information, business simulation device output information, and the like are accumulated.

Here, the business simulation device 1 is a device that can simulate a business to be trained in any business to be trained (for example, a business support device or a business object simulation device, and an analysis of a device). Analytical calculation device in business, etc.). The business simulation device 1 does not have to be a single device, and a plurality of business simulation devices may exist.
In addition, the history data A201 and the history data B202 are data representing an operation procedure, a business procedure, an action item, etc., as an approach method of a business practitioner for solving a problem of a business subject to education (hereinafter referred to as a business task). Saved. “Business procedures, implementation items, etc.” means, for example, analysis of equipment, what analysis was performed under what conditions, in what order, and what kind of analysis results It corresponds to what kind of data the point was confirmed, and what kind of measures were taken as a result of the confirmation. That is, the entire data constituting the history data A201 and the history data B202 implicitly reflect the method of the operator's approach to work.
The history data A201 and the history data B202 accumulated in the process of solving a certain business problem by an operator are not limited to one file each, and may be composed of a plurality of files. (In FIG. 1, for convenience, each file is described as one file, but history data A201 and history data B202 may be configured as a collection of several files.)

(Configuration of business simulator)
Next, the configuration of the business simulation apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a business simulation apparatus for an educational apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In FIG. 4, a user interface unit 101 receives an input reception process 102 that receives a user input (operation of an input device, voice input, etc.), and an output process that processes output (display output, voice output, etc.) from the system to the user. 103. The input / output processing unit 104 has an input data generation process 105 and an output data generation process 106. The business simulation process 107 is a variety of processes for simulating a business that is a target of the business simulation device. For example, in the case of the above-described analysis calculation device, various types of analysis calculation processing (in this case, a human being It is a business simulation process in the sense that the system performs the business performed manually.) The system management process 108 is a part that performs overall activation management of these processes.
The input data 109 is data transferred from the input data generation process 105 to the business simulation process 107, and the output data 110 is data transferred from the business simulation process 107 to the output data generation process 106. The operation log 111 is a system operation log recorded by each function of the system.
Here, “processing” refers to a unit of a group of programs that perform a certain work. Several “processes” gather to form one “function”.

(Configuration of restoration function)
Next, the configuration of the restoration function will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the restoration function of the educational device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In FIG. 5, the restoration function 4 is activated from the system management function 5 of the educational device. The restoration function main process 2301 is a part that manages the activation of the entire restoration function, and the history data reading process 2302 is a process that reads the history data A201 and expands it into internal data. The output reproduction process 2303 is a part that reproduces the output (screen display output or voice output) of the business simulation apparatus 1 using internal data developed from the history data A201. The user input reproduction process 2304 is a part that reproduces a user operation input or voice input using internal data developed from the history data A201.

(Configuration of comparison / judgment function)
Next, the configuration of the comparison / determination function will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the comparison / determination function of the educational apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In FIG. 6, a comparison / determination function main process 2901 performs start management of the program of the entire comparison / determination function. A history data reading process 2902 reads history data and expands it into internal data. The history data comparison / determination process 2903 compares the history data of two operators (instructor and learner), and determines the suitability of the learner's efforts. Furthermore, it has the pass process 2904 which performs a pass process, and the failure process 2905 which performs a fail process, and also has the comparison determination reference | standard data 2910 which defines the item and method of a comparison determination.
The comparison / judgment function 8 uses instructor history data A2906, instructor history data B2907, learner history data A2908, and learner history data B2909. Here, the history data A2906 of the instructor and the history data A2908 of the learner are given different symbols as different specific data of the history data A201 in FIG. Further, the history data B2907 of the instructor and the history data B2909 of the learner are given different symbols as different specific data of the history data B202 in FIG.
In the above description, the comparison / determination function 8 is described as performing the comparison determination using the history data A and the history data B. However, at least the history data A can be used for comparison determination.

Next, the operation will be described.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of the educational apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
In FIG. 7, there are tacit knowledge accumulation 6 and tacit knowledge acquisition 7, and tacit knowledge mastering 7 includes observation learning 306 and practice learning 307. The operation of the educational device corresponding to the learning 306 by the observation is the content described in the frame with the reference numeral 301, and the operation of the educational device corresponding to the learning 307 by the practice is indicated by the signs 302, 303, and 304. It is the content described in the attached frame.
As shown in FIG. 7, the operation of this educational device has two major aspects. The first aspect is the accumulation 6 of tacit knowledge (experience knowledge). The second aspect is acquisition 7 of tacit knowledge (experience knowledge) by the learner's simulated OJT.
The first aspect will be described below. The second aspect will be described in the description of the operation of the restoration function described later.
Regarding the accumulation 6 of tacit knowledge (experience knowledge), which is the first aspect, a person who accumulates tacit knowledge (assumed to be an instructor) must solve business problems using various functions of the business simulator 1. Do by. At this time, the collection / accumulation function 2 collects history such as an input operation to the business simulator 1 by the instructor, operation of the business simulator 1, and display screen information, and stores the history as history data A 201. In the case where there are a plurality of business simulation apparatuses 1, the activation data and the order of operations are also stored in the history data A 201.
Further, each business simulation apparatus 1 accumulates internal processing history information unique to the business, such as used functions and input / output information, in the history data B202.

(Explanation of operation of business simulator)
Next, the operation of the business simulation apparatus will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the operation of the business simulator of the educational apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart of the operation when a certain function is executed in response to an input from the operator.
The business simulation apparatus 1 executes input reception (step 112) for receiving input from the user in the input reception processing 102, and generates input data 109 in the input data generation processing 105 (step 113). The business simulation process 107 receives the input data 109, performs a business simulation process (step 114), and generates output data 110 (step 115). The output data generation process 106 edits the output data 110 as necessary (step 116), and performs an output process (step 117) in the output process 103.

The series of flows shown in FIG. 8 corresponds to one operation of inputting numerical values and various conditions necessary for the analytical calculation and displaying the calculation result, for example, in the above-described example of the analytical calculation. In order to solve one business problem, this operation is repeated many times by changing the type of calculation and input conditions.
Each program constituting the business simulation apparatus 1 accumulates an operation history in the operation log 111 while performing these operations. The main information accumulated in the operation log 111 is shown in FIG.
As described above, the history data representing the process in which the instructor solves the business problem using the business simulation device 1 includes the history data B202 accumulated by the business simulation device 1 and the history accumulated by the collection accumulation function 2. There is data A201. In FIG. 4, the history data B202 corresponds to the input data 109, the output data 110, and the operation log 111. In addition, provisional intermediate files created by each program at the time of execution can be saved and used as history information. FIG. 2 shows an example of main information stored as the history data B.

(Explains the operation of the business simulator with a specific example)
Next, in order to make the operation of the business simulation apparatus 1 easy to understand, a specific example will be described. As an example, an analysis calculation apparatus of a certain device will be described with reference to FIGS.
Assumed work is "work that considers various values that determine device operation (called" setting values ") in consideration of various conditions, and determines by trial and error using empirical knowledge and tacit knowledge" . In order to determine this setting value, it is necessary to perform a huge number of calculations under various conditions. However, if this is carried out manually, the efficiency and accuracy of operations will be poor. carry out. The analysis calculation device in this case is the business simulation device 1.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a procedure of an example of a task assumed in the business simulator of the educational apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and a procedure of the business assumed in the analysis computer of the device used as the business simulator Is shown.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a list of functions of an assumed device analysis calculation apparatus.
As shown in FIG. 11, this analysis calculation apparatus has a calculation function 209 and a data management function 210. Of these, the configuration for the part that realizes the calculation function 209 is described with reference to FIG. FIG.
For example, FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 show the operation of the analysis calculation apparatus when “execution of pre-calculation B (step 205)”, which is one procedure of FIG. 10, is performed using the pre-calculation B function 212 of FIG. It explains using.
FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing operations in the execution of the pre-calculation B (step 205). The thick frame in FIG. 13 indicates the operation input of the operator, and the thin frame indicates the output and processing of the analysis calculation apparatus.

In FIG. 13, in the pre-calculation B menu selection (step 232), “pre-calculation B” is selected from the menu displayed by the system management process 221. FIG. 14 shows an example in which “pre-calculation B” is selected 243 by clicking the mouse on the menu screen.
As a result, the system management process 221 activates the pre-calculation B input 222. The pre-calculation B input 222 displays an input screen for allowing the user to input the calculation conditions for the pre-calculation B (step 233). FIG. 15 shows an example of this input screen. From this screen, the user inputs condition A244, condition B245, etc. as calculation conditions (step 234), and presses the execution button 247 (step 235). The precalculation B input data creation processing 223 activated in this way creates the precalculation B input data 224 from the input information from the user and the specification database 226 of the target equipment. (It is assumed that the specification database 226 of the target equipment is created in advance by the user. The function for creating the database 226 corresponds to the target equipment condition setting function 217 in FIG. I'm omitted in 12.)

When the generation of the precalculation B input data 224 is completed, the precalculation B225 is activated. The pre-calculation B 225 performs the pre-calculation B with the pre-calculation B input data 224 as an input, and outputs the calculation result as the pre-calculation B output data 227. These correspond to the calculation execution (step 236) of FIG.
Next, when the pre-calculation B225 ends, the pre-calculation B result display data creation 228 is activated. The pre-calculation B result display data creation 228 converts the calculation result from the pre-calculation B output data 227 and the facility specification database 226 into information that can be displayed on the screen or printed out, and passes it to the pre-calculation B result display 229. The pre-calculation B result display 229 displays the result on the screen. FIG. 16 shows a display screen example of the pre-calculation B result. That is, the calculation result 249 is displayed on the screen of FIG. These series of operations correspond to the result display (step 237) in FIG.

The user confirms the displayed result (step 238). For this confirmation, selection 248 of the type of information to be displayed is arbitrarily performed according to the situation. In response to this user operation, the pre-calculation B result display 229 performs a process of switching the display output.
When the confirmation is completed, the user selects the next process (step 239). The next process is, for example, changing the calculation conditions and performing the pre-calculation B again (step 240), saving the calculation result (step 241), temporarily ending the pre-calculation B function, and using another function (step 242). In accordance with the user's selection, the system management process 221 starts a necessary process.
The above operations and operations are performed for one case (one time) in the “execution of preliminary calculation B” (step 205) of the work procedure shown in FIG. In “execution of pre-calculation B” (step 205), new calculation conditions are examined while looking at the calculation result, and a plurality of cases are repeatedly calculated.

In the process of performing the series of operations shown in FIG. 13, logs are accumulated in the analytical calculation apparatus. For example, the system management process 221 stores the system log 230 and processes related to the pre-calculation B function (pre-calculation B input 222, pre-calculation B input data creation 223, pre-calculation B 225, pre-calculation B result display data creation 228, The precalculation B result display 229) accumulates the precalculation B log 231.
The history data B202 corresponding to this process is the system log 230, the precalculation B log 231, the precalculation B input data 224, the precalculation B output data 227, and the input generated by the program for executing each process. Output file.

(Operation of collection and accumulation function)
Next, a method for accumulating history by the collection / accumulation function 2 will be described.
The collection / accumulation function 2 collects information on activation / termination of a plurality of business simulation apparatuses 1 and information on man-machine interfaces (inputs from the operator and interfaces from the system to the operator) of each business simulation apparatus 1. . A method of collecting information by the collection and accumulation function 2 will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 17 is a diagram showing acquisition of information by the collection and accumulation function of the educational device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 17, 1, 2 and 201 are the same as those in FIG.
The collection / accumulation function 2 always operates during collection and accumulation of business procedures, and monitors the operation of a single or a plurality of business simulation apparatuses 1. State changes such as start / end information of each business simulation device 1, operator input, and display output of the business simulation device 1 are sent as event signals to the collection / storage function 2, and the business simulation device 1 and the collection / storage function Information regarding this event signal can be acquired by the collection and accumulation function 2 by performing communication between the two.

Next, processing of the collection / accumulation function will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 18 is a flowchart showing processing of the collection / accumulation function.
The collection / accumulation function 2 is always operating during the collection and accumulation of business procedures, and is waiting to receive an event signal from the business simulation apparatus 1 (step 118) (step 119). When the event signal is received, the business simulation apparatus 1 that is the source of the event signal is requested and acquired related information (step 120). The acquired information is stored as history data A201 (step 121).
Here, for the sake of convenience, it is described that the process returns to the event signal reception wait (step 118) after the history data accumulation (step 121), but the event signal reception wait process (step 118) and the request and acquisition of related information (step 120). Since the history file accumulation (step 121) is a parallel process, the event signal reception waiting process (step 118) is also performed while these processes are being performed.

FIG. 19 is a diagram showing main relevant information collected by the collection / accumulation function.
These pieces of information are accumulated in the history data A201 along with the occurrence relationship. FIG. 3 shows information stored in the history data A. There are various methods for managing the context of occurrence, such as management using a number indicating the order, management using time data, and management by arrangement of data.

  When a leader solves a business problem using the business simulation apparatus 1 for a plurality of different business problems, history data A201 and history data B202 corresponding to each business problem are accumulated. In addition, when a plurality of persons perform the above-described work for the same business task, various history data A201 and history data B202 are accumulated for one business task. These history data A201 and history data B202 implicitly include the tacit knowledge of the instructor (expert).

Note that when a plurality of business simulation apparatuses 1 are used for solving business problems, history data B 202 exists for each business simulation apparatus 1. FIG. 20 shows the configuration of history data when one business problem is solved by using the three business simulation apparatuses 1.
The business simulation apparatus 1 (3301) generates history data B-1 (3302), the business simulation apparatus 2 (3303) generates history data B-2 (3304), and the business simulation apparatus 3 (3305) History data B-3 (3306) is created. The collection / storage function 2 stores a series of histories for solving the business problem using the three business simulation devices in the history data A201.

(Restore function operation)
The second aspect of the operation of the educational device shown in FIG. 7 is acquisition 7 of tacit knowledge (experience knowledge) by a learner's simulated OJT.
The restoration function 4 uses the history data A201 that has already been accumulated, or the history data A201 and the history data B202, to reproduce the way in which a person who has accumulated the history data proceeds.
In order to reproduce how a human business that has accumulated history data proceeds, there are cases where the business simulator 1 is used or not used.

In the following, the case where the business simulator is not used will be described in detail.
In this case, the history data A201 accumulated by the collection / accumulation function 2 is used to reproduce the transition between the operation input and the output as an image / sound in a picture-story show.
FIG. 21 is a flowchart showing processing of the restoration function.
In FIG. 21, the restoration function main process 2301 activated from the system management function 5 activates the history data reading process 2302, reads the history data, and expands it into internal data (step 2401). Next, the output reproduction process 2303 reproduces the initial state (step 2402). The reproduction of the initial state uses the output information 1302 of the business simulation apparatus 1 accumulated in the history data A201 shown in FIG. 19 to display the stored image data or to store the stored audio output. It is possible by outputting again in the process.

  Next, the user input for the initial state is reproduced (step 2403). Here, using the operator input information 1301 accumulated in the history data A201 shown in FIG. 19, mouse operation and keyboard input are reproduced. For example, if the history data A201 contains information indicating that the mouse operation information is "Moved the mouse from coordinate A to coordinate B on the screen and clicked on the portion of coordinate B", it is reproduced by displaying the state. Can do.

Similarly, for keyboard input, for example, if there is information such as “entered“ ABCD ”in black with a character size of 10 points at coordinate D on the screen”, “A” “AB” “ABC” “ By switching the display in sequence with “ABCD”, it is possible to reproduce the input of each character on the screen (reproduction of the input situation). Alternatively, if image information in a state where “A” is input and image information in a state where “AB” is input are stored, the same reproduction can be realized by switching the display of the image information.
FIG. 22 shows an example of restoration display. When reproducing the voice input, it is possible to reproduce and output the input voice (saved voice). (The purpose of reproduction here is to reproduce the operations of others, so it is sufficient to create a situation where it can be observed by a third party.)

  If the user input can be reproduced (step 2403), then the output of the business simulation apparatus 1 corresponding to the input is reproduced (step 2404). This is reproduced by the same process as the initial state reproduction (step 2402). Thereafter, the user input reproduction (step 2403) and the business simulation device output reproduction (step 2404) may be repeated until the business task is completed (step 2406). When all the reproduction is finished (step 2405), the restoration process is finished.

(Explanation of the operation of the restoration function using an example of an analytical computer)
Here, the operation of the restoration function will be described using the above-described example of the analytical calculation apparatus. For example, the operation is reproduced according to the flowchart in FIG.
First, FIG. 23 shows an example in which the state before the pre-calculation B menu selection (step 232 in FIG. 13) is reproduced as an initial screen (step 2402).
Next, the operation of the pre-calculation B menu selection 232 is performed by user input reproduction (step 2403). An example is shown in FIG. Here, according to the actual operation, the mouse symbol 2601 appears on the screen and moves to the “pre-calculation B” menu. Then, a mouse click operation is performed here, and the “pre-calculation B” menu is displayed in black 2602. Strictly speaking, the process of the mouse symbol 2601 appearing on the screen and moving to the “pre-calculation B” menu is reproduction of the user's input (step 2403). The process that the menu is displayed in black 2602 is the output reproduction (step 2404) of the business simulation apparatus in FIG.

Further, this operation displays a screen for inputting calculation conditions (step 234 in FIG. 13). FIG. 21 shows the output reproduction of the business simulation apparatus (step 2404). This example is shown in FIG. The display is reproduced at the position where it is actually displayed on the screen.
Similarly, the input of calculation conditions (step 234 in FIG. 13) is performed as shown in FIG. 26 by the process of user input reproduction (step 2403). In FIG. 26, the condition key inputs 2801 and 2802 and the mouse click 2803 of the button can be similarly reproduced.

With the functions described above, the learner learns how to tackle the problem (solution) by restoring the history data A201 accumulated by the instructor and observing it for a certain task. This corresponds to the frame 301 shown in FIG.
Alternatively, learners themselves practice business tasks and learn how to work. At this time, the learner tackles a certain problem using the business simulation apparatus 1, and the collection and accumulation function 2 accumulates this history as learner history data A201. Next, the history data A201 accumulated by the learner himself and the history data A201 accumulated by the instructor are restored, and the approach method to the problem is learned by comparing and examining differences in the approach methods. This corresponds to the frames 302 and 303 shown in FIG.
That is, the restoration function makes it possible to realize a part of “acquisition of tacit knowledge by observation” 306 and “acquisition of tacit knowledge by practice” 307 shown in FIG.

(Operation of comparison judgment function)
Next, the operation of the comparison / determination function 8 for realizing the advice (frame 304) by comparison with the leader of “Acquisition of tacit knowledge by practice” 307 shown in FIG. 7 will be described.
FIG. 27 shows a processing flow of the comparison / determination function.
In FIG. 27, when the comparison / determination function 8 is activated, the comparison / determination function main process 2901 activates the history data reading process 2902 and reads the four history data 2906 to 2909 (step 308). Next, in history data comparison / determination processing 2903, the history data of the instructor and the learner are compared (step 9) according to the comparison determination reference data 2910, and the suitability is determined (step 10) based on the result.
The suitability determination is to determine whether or not the side (learner) to be compared has an appropriate approach to the business task. If it is determined that the result is appropriate, a pass process (Step 11) is performed in the pass process 2904, and if it is determined to be inappropriate, a fail process (Step 12) is performed in the fail process 2905. To do.

The determination of suitability in step 10 in FIG. 27 is performed based on a plurality of criteria as shown in FIG.
The suitability 13 of the business procedure in FIG. 28 is whether the order of items to be implemented is appropriate for solving the business problem, and the suitability 14 of the input data is appropriate for various user inputs in the problem solving process. Whether the result is correct or incorrect 15 is whether the final result for the task and the result of the small business unit generated in the process of solving the problem are correct. It is judged whether it is covered or an unnecessary thing is not done.
“Excess and deficiency of items to be implemented” means, for example, analysis work of equipment, case of analysis calculation that must be carried out in the work (case means input condition of analysis calculation and configuration of target equipment Is defined in terms of the conditions, etc.), whether numerical values that should be seen in the results of analysis calculations have been seen, whether useless cases are being implemented, etc. .

  This determination does not determine whether the history of the instructor and the learner completely match. In the process of problem solving, there are points that must be consistent with each other, and the specific determination method of suitability is determined by the type of work to be educated. In other words, when the task is actually solved by OJT (without using the task simulation device 1), what points the instructor pays attention to in the learner's task process and results, check / guidance, Based on the above, specific determination items for suitability and determination methods for each determination item (whether perfect match is appropriate or partial match is acceptable) are set. This criterion is set as comparison criterion data 2910.

FIG. 29 shows main information included in the comparison determination reference data. Information regarding a combination of a determination point 3601, comparison target data 3602, a determination method 3603, and auxiliary information 3604 is set for one comparison determination.
That is, if there are a plurality of comparison determination points, a plurality of combinations of information are stored in the comparison determination reference data. For each information item, explanation 3605 and a specific information example 3606 are shown. In this example, it is assumed that there is an excess or deficiency of items to be implemented for “XX analysis calculation”, which is one of the various calculation tasks required for analysis, assuming the above-mentioned analysis work of equipment. This is an example.
In actual comparison criteria data, it is expressed by a combination of numerical information and character information, but in this table, it is described in text for explanation. In addition, since the comparison determination reference data includes a common reference for the work to be taught and an individual reference for each assignment, the instructor sets the individual reference for each assignment.

  In the rejection process (step 12) in FIG. 27, the content of the determination result and inappropriateness, that is, the point of the comparison determination, the history data A2906 of the instructor, the history data B2907 of the instructor, and the learner's By presenting the difference between the history data A2908 and the learner history data B2909 to the user, reflection and contemplation are encouraged.

Next, a method of using the history data A201 and the history data B202 in the comparison / determination function will be described.
FIG. 30 shows the meaning of information obtained from the history data A201 and the history data B202 from the viewpoint of use in the comparison / determination function.
In FIG. 30, from the history data A, operator input information (keyboard input, voice input, mouse operation) 3003 and start / end / operation procedure information (start / end / operation order) of a plurality of business simulation devices. 3004 and output information (screen / sound) 3009 of the business simulation apparatus are obtained.
From the history data B, in the process of solving the business problem, the items executed and their order 3005, in the process of solving the business problem, internal input / output information 3006 of the executed items, and in the process of solving the business problem, A partially obtained result 3007 and a result 3008 obtained as a result of solving the business problem are obtained.

For example, FIG. 31 shows how the information of FIG. 30 is used for the determination criterion example shown in FIG. The symbols in FIG. 31 are the same as those in FIGS. 28 and 30.
Since each determination may be performed using necessary information from the history data A and the history data B, the correspondence in FIG. 31 does not mean all. FIG. 31 mainly describes what information is used for explanation.
With the above comparison / determination function, it is possible to realize a situation 304 in which the instructor's advice of “learning by practice” 306 shown in FIG. 7 is obtained.

(Operation of the entire educational device)
Next, the operation of the entire education apparatus will be described.
By combining the above collection and storage function, restoration function, and comparison / determination function, it is possible to realize the tacit knowledge accumulation 6, the learning 306 by observation, and the learning 307 by practice shown in FIG. 7. An example of the operation of the entire educational apparatus having these functions (an example of how to combine the above three functions) is shown in the flowchart of FIG. Note that a thick frame in FIG. 32 indicates a user operation.

32, first, when knowledge accumulation (accumulated knowledge accumulation) 3717 is selected by function selection from the menu screen (step 3701), the system management function 5 in FIG. 1 activates the collection accumulation function 2 (see FIG. 32). Step 3702). The collection / accumulation function 2 performs the collection / accumulation process (step 3703) as described above, and during this time, the user uses one or more business simulation devices to solve the business problem (step 3716). When the series of tasks is completed, the user ends the collection and accumulation function (step 3704). Thereby, the system management function 5 displays the menu screen again (step 3714).
When learning 3718 by observation is selected from the menu screen, first, the user selects a task to be observed (step 3705). In the collection / accumulation function 2, since various instructor's solution procedures for various business issues are stored as history data A and history data B, which of these issues / instructors' solution procedures should be observed This is for selection. Next, the restoration function 4 is activated (step 3706), and restoration processing is performed using the history data A201 corresponding to the selected task / instructor (step 3707).

  When learning 3719 by practice is selected from the menu screen, as in the case of learning by observation, the learner specifies the task / instructor to be compared (step 3708), and the system management function 5 sets the collection / accumulation function 2 Start (step 3709). As in the case of knowledge accumulation, the collection / accumulation function 2 performs a collection / accumulation process (step 3710), during which the learner uses one or more business simulation devices 1 to challenge the problem.

When the assignment is completed and the learner ends the collection and accumulation function 2 (step 3711), the comparison / determination process is started (step 3712), and the comparison / determination function 8 performs the comparison determination process (step 3713). .
As shown in 302 and 303 of FIG. 7, if the learner observes the teacher's efforts and his / her own efforts and wants to examine the difference, he / she performs his / her “accumulation of knowledge” (step 3717) to provide guidance. The observation of the person's efforts and the observation of his / her own actions may be performed by the “learning by observation” (step 3718) function.
In FIG. 32, “learning by practice” (step 3719) includes accumulation of learner's efforts. This part has the same function as “accumulation of knowledge” (step 3717).

In this educational device, expert knowledge in solving tacit knowledge (experience knowledge), which is difficult to express in language, charts and mathematical formulas, to individual problems (including problems that require complex examination under special conditions) Accumulated as history data A201 and history data B202 in the form of aggregates such as procedures, unskilled persons perform both learning by observation and learning by practice, as in the case of conventional OJT, based on this accumulated data. By doing so, it becomes possible to acquire tacit knowledge (experience knowledge).
Incidentally, the main subject of the conventional OJT is that the unskilled person sticks to the skilled person to observe and ponder, and practice and reflect on the instruction of the skilled person.

(effect)
According to the first embodiment, by using the education device configured as described above, the tacit knowledge (experience knowledge) of the expert handed down by the conventional apprentice system or OJT is simulated using the business simulation device. It becomes possible to accumulate and pass on by a simple OJT.
Conventional OJT learning is a method in which the learner unknowingly acquires tacit knowledge through imitation and observation of the expert in various problems and checking the work results of the learner by the expert. This process can be realized by an apparatus.
In addition, with this device, it is not necessary for the instructor to be at the side of learning, so it is possible to tackle learning at the convenience of the learner, and tacit knowledge from a small number of instructors to a large number of learners at once. (Experience knowledge) can be handed down.

Furthermore, this educational device makes it possible to accumulate in the educational device tacit knowledge (experience knowledge) of a leader that no longer exists due to retirement or the like. In conventional OJT, it is difficult to accumulate and acquire tacit knowledge (experience knowledge) of a non-existing leader, but in the simulated OJT of this device, tacit knowledge of multiple leaders including past leaders ( It has the effect of being able to learn (experience knowledge).
In addition, since the instructor can accumulate tacit knowledge (experience knowledge) by tackling the problem using a business simulation device, he can accumulate tacit knowledge (experience knowledge) without special awareness. There is an effect.
In addition, according to the restoration function of the educational device, the observation 301 of the instructor's approach and the comparative observation 303 of the learner's own approach shown in FIG. If it is software that runs on a computer, it can be reproduced on a computer that does not have software for business simulators), enabling more learners to learn by reproducing the work history of skilled workers It is.

Further, by performing comparison / determination using the educational device, the device can present differences that cannot be understood only by the learner himself, so that the learning effect is increased.
It is also possible to avoid misinterpretation due to the learner's own assumptions.
Furthermore, since it can determine with several criteria with respect to several learners, it can use for the achievement level evaluation of several learners.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In the first embodiment, the history data is compared and determined after the learner's history data for a certain task is accumulated. In the second embodiment, the learner uses a task simulation device. While working on a single business task, while accumulating learner history data, restore other (instructor) history data, and learner history data from instructor history data. The comparison / determination can be performed sequentially.
FIG. 33 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of the educational apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 33 shows the operation and function of the apparatus in the second embodiment similar to FIG.
FIG. 34 is a flowchart showing sub-operations / steps of the comparison determination process of the educational device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 35 is a flowchart showing the operation of the education apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 36 is a flowchart showing comparison determination processing of the educational device according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

Next, the operation will be described.
The comparison / judgment is performed for each sub-operation or step that subdivides the process of solving the task, and at that point, the pass process or the fail process is performed.
A small business / step will be described with reference to FIG.
In FIG. 34, the small work to be executed in one work problem solution is, for example, the target equipment condition setting (step 3902) shown in the flowchart, the execution of the pre-calculation A (step 3903), the execution of the pre-calculation B ( Step 3904), execution of verification calculation C (Step 3905), etc. For example, as detailed steps of Step 3903, execution of calculation 1 (Step 3906), execution of calculation 2 (Step 3907), database change (Step 3908) ), Implementation 3 of the calculation (step 3909).

Next, the operation of the educational apparatus will be described with reference to FIG.
In the case of FIG. 35, the function (assuming to be “learning by instruction”) is selected (step 4002) on the menu screen (step 4001), and the assignment of the task to be compared (step 4009) is specified in the same manner as learning by practice. carry out. In this case, both the collection and accumulation function 2 is activated (step 4003) and the comparison / determination process is activated (step 4004).
Collection and accumulation processing (step 4005) by the collection and accumulation function 2 is performed in a state where these functions are in operation, and the learner performs problem solving using the business simulation apparatus 1 and subdivides the problem solution. In the process, the comparison / determination function 8 performs a comparison / determination process (step 4006). When the learning of the learner is completed, the collection / accumulation process by the collection / accumulation function 2 is terminated (step 4007), and the comparison / determination process is terminated (step 4008).

Next, a detailed processing flow of the comparison / determination process (step 4006) will be described with reference to FIG.
In FIG. 36, the comparison of the history data in step 9 and the suitability determination in step 10 are performed for each subtask or step that subdivides the process of solving the task, and at that time, the pass process or step of step 11 is performed. Twelve reject processes are performed.
In the failure process of step 12, the inappropriate content (difference between the instructor's history data and the learner's history data) is presented to the user, and the correct method (operation of the operation simulator) is retried ( Step 17) is prompted. For the user's retry (step 17), the comparison / determination process is performed again. If this is appropriate, the result is passed, and the process proceeds to the comparison / determination process of the next small business / step (step 18).

The timing at which the comparison / determination process is performed is set in, for example, comparison determination timing definition data. With this data, an operation to be separated is set, and at the timing when the operation is input, the history data A / history data B of the learner and the history data A / Comparison is made with the history data B.
For example, in the example of FIG. 34, if each menu selection of “pre-calculation A” and “pre-calculation B” is set as a delimiter operation, what should be performed before the execution of pre-calculation A (step 3903). Can be compared and judged. Since the comparison determination timing definition data includes a common timing for the task and an individual timing for each task, the instructor sets the individual timing for each task.

According to the second embodiment, even when the learner has little experience, it is possible to find a mistake at an early stage, and there is an effect that the learning effect is further enhanced. That is, in the actual OJT, a method is adopted in which the instructor carefully checks the newcomer and corrects the trajectory. This can be simulated by the second embodiment.
In addition, since errors are discovered early, in the case of learning that results in frequent errors, it is possible to perform learning in a short time because less rework is required compared to the first embodiment. It becomes.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
In the second embodiment, the comparison / determination process by the comparison / determination function is sequentially performed. However, in the third embodiment, the comparison / determination process can be performed at an arbitrary timing.

  In the third embodiment, the user (learner) inquires about the result of the comparison / determination process at any timing while the user (learner) is tackling the task using the task simulation device 1, thereby comparing the task steps up to that point -Perform judgment processing and implement pass or fail processing.

  According to the third embodiment, when the learner feels doubt or anxiety, the determination can be performed according to the intention of the learner, the motivation for learning is improved, and the learning effect is improved.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
As a method for performing the comparison / determination process by the comparison / determination function, there are different methods in the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment. In the fourth embodiment, these methods may be selected during learning. By providing a selection function (selection means) that can be made, a higher educational effect was obtained.
For example, when the business problem solution process is relatively uncomplicated, it is appropriate to learn the correct approach step by step (locally to some extent) according to the second embodiment, while the business problem solution process is complex. In such a case, it is effective to learn the whole approach method for solving the business problem, and it is considered that the determination at the timing of the first embodiment is suitable. In the fourth embodiment, these can be selected in advance.

  According to the fourth embodiment, by enabling the learner to select in advance the timing for performing the comparison / determination process by the comparison / determination function during learning, education suitable for the difficulty level of the task can be performed.

Embodiment 5 FIG.
The fifth embodiment adds an editing function (editing means) that can change (edit) the history data accumulated by the collection / accumulation function 2 in the first to fourth embodiments.
This makes it possible to correct the data in a short time, especially when there is a clear error in the history data of the instructor, without having to collect and accumulate again.

Embodiment 6 FIG.
FIG. 37 is a diagram showing the stage of displaying the result of the failure processing of the educational device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 37, the improper contents of the reject process are displayed step by step in steps 19-22.

  In the rejection process of the result of the comparison / determination process in the first to fourth embodiments, as described in the first embodiment, the determination result and inappropriate content, that is, the history data A / The difference between the history data B and the learner's history data A / history data B is presented to the user and encourages reflection and contemplation. In the sixth embodiment, the inappropriate determination at this time is presented by the comparison determination function. Was performed step by step, and it was provided in multiple steps so that the details gradually became more detailed, so as to further enhance the learning effect.

In FIG. 37, first, which part of the entire business is inappropriate is displayed (step 19). For example, “There is an error in the pre-calculated part of ▲▲”.
Next, the content is refined by the user's operation, and which criteria are judged inappropriately is displayed (step 20). For example, “Procedure for pre-calculation part of ▲▲ is inappropriate” “Cases of cases to be implemented in the pre-calculation part of ▲▲ are not covered” “● ● Case input for pre-calculation part of ▲▲ is inappropriate " The “reference” here refers to, for example, the one shown in FIG.
Further, a more detailed display is performed by the user's operation (step 21). “The case input data in the pre-calculated part of ▲▲: XX data is incorrect”.
Furthermore, the correct answer is finally displayed by the user operation (step 22).

  According to the sixth embodiment, by displaying the inappropriate contents step by step, the opportunity for the learner to ponder and reflect is increased, and the learning effect can be enhanced.

Embodiment 7 FIG.
FIG. 38 is a block diagram showing an educational apparatus according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.
38, 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 201, 202 are the same as those in FIG. In FIG. 38, history data A201 and history data B202 are input to the restoration function 4.

In the first embodiment, the restoration function 4 reproduces how to proceed with a human business using history data by a method that does not use the business simulation device 1. The seventh embodiment is reproduced using the business simulation apparatus 1.
The restoration function 4 is configured to be reproduced using the business simulation apparatus 1, and the restoration function 4 faithfully reproduces input / output in the business simulation apparatus 1 temporally using the history data A201 and the history data B202. Like that.

  According to the seventh embodiment, by using the restoration function, it is possible to reproduce the way a human business is advanced using the business simulation device.

It is a block diagram which shows the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the historical data B of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the historical data A of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the work simulation apparatus of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the decompression | restoration function of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the comparison / determination function of the educational apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows operation | movement of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the work simulation apparatus of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the content of the operation | movement log of the work simulation apparatus of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of the business assumed with the business simulation apparatus of the educational device by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the function list of the work simulation apparatus of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the calculation related function of the work simulation apparatus of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows operation in implementation of the prior calculation B of the work simulation apparatus of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the menu screen of the work simulation apparatus of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the input screen of the pre-calculation B of the work simulation apparatus of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the result display screen of the prior calculation B of the work simulation apparatus of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows acquisition of the information by the collection accumulation function of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the process of the collection accumulation function of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the main relevant information collected with the collection accumulation | storage function of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the log | history data at the time of using the some work simulation apparatus of the educational apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the process of the decompression | restoration function of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of a restoration display of the keyboard input of the restoration function of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the initial screen reproduced by the decompression | restoration function of the educational apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the user input reproduced by the decompression | restoration function of the educational apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the output of the work simulation apparatus reproduced by the restoration function of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the calculation condition input reproduced by the decompression | restoration function of the educational apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the process of the comparison determination function of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the criterion of the comparison determination function of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the main information contained in the comparison determination reference | standard data of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows utilization of the historical data in the comparison determination process of the educational device by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows how to use the historical data with respect to the determination reference | standard in the comparison determination process of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the whole operation | movement of the education apparatus by Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows operation | movement of the education apparatus by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the small work and step of the comparison determination process of the education apparatus by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows operation | movement of the education apparatus by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a flowchart which shows the comparison determination process of the education apparatus by Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the step of the result display of the rejection process of the education apparatus by Embodiment 6 of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the educational apparatus by Embodiment 7 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 business simulation device, 2 collection and accumulation function,
201 history data A, 202 history data B,
4 restoration function, 5 system management function, 8 comparison / judgment function,
101 user interface unit, 102 input reception process, 103 output process,
104 input / output processing unit, 105 input data generation processing,
106 output data generation processing, 107 business simulation processing,
108 system management processing, 109 input data, 110 output data,
111 operation log, 2301 restoration function main processing,
2302 history data reading process, 2303 output reproduction process,
2304 User input reproduction processing,
2901 Comparison / determination function main processing, 2902 history data reading processing,
2903 history data comparison / determination process, 2904 pass process,
2905 failure processing, 2906 instructor history data A,
2907 Instructor history data B, 2908 Learner history data A,
2909 Learner's history data B, 2910 Comparison determination reference data.

Claims (8)

  Includes a business simulation device that simulates the business to be trained in response to an operation by an operator, the operation of the business simulation device when the business simulation device is simulated by the business simulation device, its procedure, and the output from the business simulation device A collection and storage means for collecting and storing history data, a restoring means for restoring the history data stored by the collection and storage means, and a plurality of the history data obtained by operating the business simulation device for the same training target work An educational apparatus comprising comparison judgment means for judging a difference.   A business simulation device that simulates a business to be trained according to an operation by an operator and accumulates an operation history as first history data, an operation of the business simulation device when the business to be trained is simulated by the business simulation device, and Collection procedure for collecting and accumulating the second history data including the procedure and the output from the business simulation device, a restoring unit for restoring the second history data accumulated by the collection and accumulation device, and the same education An education apparatus, comprising: a comparison determination unit that compares the plurality of first and second history data obtained by operating the job simulation device for a target job and determines a difference.   A business simulation device that simulates a business to be trained according to an operation by an operator and accumulates an operation history as first history data, an operation of the business simulation device when the business to be trained is simulated by the business simulation device, and Collection and storage means for collecting and storing the second history data including the procedure and the output from the business simulation device, and restoring means for restoring the first and second history data stored by the collection and storage means; And an education apparatus comprising a plurality of first and second history data obtained by operating the work simulation apparatus for the same education target work, and comparing and judging means for judging a difference.   The education apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the comparison determination unit performs the comparison determination in parallel with the accumulation of the history data by the collection and accumulation unit.   The educational apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the comparison determination by the comparison determination unit is performed at an arbitrary timing according to an instruction from an operator.   The education apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a selection unit that preselects a timing for performing the comparison determination by the comparison determination unit.   The education apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the comparison determination unit presents a difference in history data to the user step by step as a result of the comparison determination. The education apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an editing unit that edits the history data stored by the collection storage unit.

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