JP2007200441A - Encoding device, decoding device, signal processing device, and storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve DC free characteristics while satisfying run-length limitation by a smaller circuit scale. <P>SOLUTION: A RLL/DC free encoding unit 303 includes an RLL encoding section 60, a first signal processing section 62, and a DC component removal encoding section 66. The RLL encoding section 60 generates a first encoding sequence by subjecting a digital signal sequence outputted from a scrambler 402 to run-length limited encoding. The first signal processing section 62 generates a second encoding sequence by executing predetermined signal processing for the first encoding sequence without changing the number of bits included in the first encoding sequence output from the RLL encoding section 60. The DC current component removal encoding section 66 selects one of high DV free characteristics of the first and second encoding sequences generated by the RLL encoding section 60 and the first signal processing section 62, respectively, to output it. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an error correction encoding / decoding technique, and more particularly to an encoding device, a decoding device, a signal processing device, and a storage system that perform error correction encoding / decoding on data stored in a storage medium.

  In recent years, storage devices using hard disks are becoming essential devices in various fields such as personal computers, hard disk recorders, video cameras, and mobile phones. Storage devices using a hard disk have various specifications required depending on the field to which they are applied. For example, a hard disk mounted on a personal computer is required to have high speed and large capacity. In order to improve high speed and large capacity, it is necessary to perform error correction coding with high correction capability. However, since the amount of data handled per unit time increases as the speed increases, errors per unit time also increase proportionally. In this case, when an error correction method with low error correction capability is used, the hard disk is re-read, so that the time required to access the hard disk increases and becomes a bottleneck for speeding up.

  In general, a signal sequence in which a DC component is reduced or removed (hereinafter referred to as “DC-free” or “DC-free”) is desired as a signal sequence to be subjected to error correction coding. . DC free means that the frequency is 0, that is, the spectrum in the DC component is 0. In other words, it means that the ratio of 0 and 1 is equal in a plurality of bits included in the signal sequence before modulation. By providing the signal sequence with the DC-free property, the average level of the reproduction signal obtained from the recording pattern of the modulation data stored in the storage medium is a predetermined signal sequence length regardless of the pattern of the signal sequence before modulation. The noise resistance is improved by having a constant property within the range of. That is, in a signal sequence having a low DC-free property, the detection probability decreases in data detection using the Viterbi algorithm. As a result, the correction capability in low density parity check decoding and Reed-Solomon decoding is also reduced. In general, a run-length limit code is used to ensure synchronization between sampling timing and data. The run length limited code is a coding that limits the maximum continuous length of 0 or the maximum continuous length of 1.

Conventionally, as a method for performing run-length limited encoding while satisfying DC-freeness of a signal sequence, a plurality of encoded sequences are obtained by executing run-length limited encoding on signal sequences to which different redundant bits are added. Among them, a method for selecting a sequence having characteristics close to DC-free has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In addition, a method has been proposed in which run-length limited encoding having a plurality of different properties is performed, and a sequence having characteristics close to DC-free is selected from the plurality of encoded sequences (for example, Patent Document 2). reference.).
JP 2002-100125 A JP 2004-213863 A

  Under such circumstances, the present inventor has come to recognize the following problems. When realizing DC-free coding by selecting a sequence having good DC-free characteristics from among a plurality of coded sequences, there is no coded sequence having good DC-free characteristics among the plurality of coded sequences to be selected. There is a case. That is, it is necessary to have a configuration capable of generating at least one sequence having good DC-free characteristics among the encoded sequences to be selected, which affects the circuit scale and the storage capacity.

  The present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide an encoding device, a decoding device, a signal processing device, and a memory that can improve DC-free characteristics while satisfying run-length restrictions with a smaller circuit scale. To provide a system.

  In order to solve the above problem, an encoding apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes a run-length limited encoding unit that generates a first encoded sequence by performing run-length limited encoding on a digital signal sequence, and a first A signal processing unit that performs predetermined signal processing on the first encoded sequence without changing the number of bits included in the encoded sequence to generate a second encoded sequence; and run-length limited encoding A direct-current component removal encoding unit that selects and outputs either one of the first encoded sequence generated by the unit and the second encoded sequence generated by the signal processing unit. Here, the “DC component removal coding unit” includes a circuit that removes or reduces a DC component of an input sequence, and a circuit that outputs a sequence having a high DC-free property.

  According to this aspect, two completely different sequences can be generated by generating a sequence generated by run-length limited encoding and a sequence obtained by signal processing of the sequence. Further, by executing predetermined signal processing so as not to increase the number of bits included in the sequence, an encoded sequence can be obtained without reducing the overall coding rate. Since the two encoded sequences are phase-inverted, it is a more preferable option for selecting an encoded sequence having a high DC-free property. By selecting an encoded sequence having a high DC-free property from more preferable options, the possibility of selecting an encoded sequence having a higher DC-free property can be improved. Further, by using a single run-length limited encoding circuit, the circuit configuration can be simplified and the scale can be reduced.

  The run-length limited encoding unit is at least one or more 0 consecutive sections in which bits indicating 0 among a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence are continuously present, and has a maximum length. At least one or more bits in which a length of 0 continuous section is not less than 0 and not more than the first allowable continuous length and a bit indicating 1 among a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence exists continuously The first encoded sequence may be generated such that the length of one continuous section having the maximum length is 0 or more and the second allowable continuous length or less. According to this aspect, by limiting both the continuous length of 0 and the continuous length of 1 included in the first encoded sequence by the run-length limited encoding unit, the limitation is also maintained in the second encoded sequence. .

  The run length limited encoding unit may generate the first encoded sequence with the first allowable continuous length and the second allowable continuous length as the same length. According to this aspect, even if bit inversion processing is performed on an encoded sequence in which the continuous length of 1 and the continuous length of 0 are limited in the subsequent stage of the run-length limited encoding unit, the restriction on the continuous length is maintained. it can. The signal processing unit may perform bit inversion processing on each of a plurality of bits included in the digital signal sequence. According to this aspect, by performing bit inversion processing, different sequences can be generated without increasing the number of bits included in the sequence. Further, since the number of bits included in the sequence does not increase, an encoded sequence can be obtained without reducing the overall encoding rate. Further, the predetermined process executed to generate the different series is a bit inversion process, whereby the predetermined process can be realized with a simple circuit configuration.

  The direct current component removal encoding unit includes an encoded sequence selection unit that selects one of the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence, and an encoding selected by the encoded sequence selection unit. The selection identification information generated by the selection identification information generation unit is added to any part of the selection identification information generation unit that generates selection identification information indicating a sequence and the encoded sequence selected by the encoding sequence selection unit. And an identification information adding unit. The encoded sequence selection unit includes a first concatenation unit that connects the encoded sequence already selected by the encoded sequence selection unit and the first encoded sequence, and the encoding already selected by the encoded sequence selection unit. A second concatenation unit that concatenates the sequence and the second encoded sequence. The encoded sequence selection unit sets the sequence concatenated by the first concatenation unit as a new first encoded sequence, sets the sequence concatenated by the second concatenation unit as a new second encoded sequence, and either one of the new sequence An encoded sequence may be selected. A first addition unit for adding a first determination bit to any part of the first encoded sequence output from the run-length limited encoding unit; and any of the second encoded sequence output from the signal processing unit. And a second adding unit that adds a second determination bit obtained by inverting the first determination bit at a location.

  Here, “addition” includes addition, multiplication, insertion, and the like. In addition, “connecting an already selected encoded sequence and the first encoded sequence” means connecting an encoded sequence selected in the past and a sequence that is currently a candidate for selection, etc. including. According to this aspect, by adding information indicating that any of the encoded sequences has been selected to the encoded sequence, the selected encoded sequence can be easily determined on the decoding side.

  The encoded sequence selection unit includes a first ratio calculation unit that calculates a ratio between a bit indicating 0 and a bit indicating 1 among a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence, and included in the second encoded sequence A second ratio calculating unit that calculates a ratio between a bit indicating 0 and a bit indicating 1 among the plurality of bits, a ratio calculated by the first ratio calculating unit, and a ratio calculated by the second ratio calculating unit A selection output unit that selects and outputs an encoded sequence corresponding to a ratio closer to 50% of the ratio. According to this aspect, an encoded sequence having a high DC-free property can be selected by selecting the one where the ratio between the bit indicating 0 and the bit indicating 1 is close to 50%.

  The encoded sequence selection unit adds a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence to generate a first combined value, and adds a plurality of bits included in the second encoded sequence. The second summation unit that generates the second summation value, the absolute value of the first summation value generated by the first summation portion, and the absolute value of the second summation value generated by the second summation portion are compared. Among the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence, the encoded sequence detection unit that detects the encoded sequence corresponding to the smaller sum value, the first encoded sequence, and the second encoded sequence A selection output unit that selects and outputs the encoded sequence detected by the sequence detection unit. Here, the “summed value” includes adding bits included in the series. In addition, “a plurality of bits included in a sequence” includes a bit indicating 0 or 1 and the like, and a bit when a bit indicating 0 is replaced with +1 and a bit indicating 1 is replaced with −1. Including. According to this aspect, a plurality of bits included in the encoded sequence are added together, and a sequence corresponding to a smaller combined value is selected, so that an encoded sequence having a high DC-free property can be selected.

  An encoded sequence selection unit includes a first mobile addition unit that generates the same number of first mobile addition values as a plurality of bits by moving and adding a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence; A first maximum value detection unit that detects a maximum value among the plurality of first movement addition values generated by the unit, and a plurality of bits by moving and adding a plurality of bits included in the second encoded sequence, A second movement addition unit that generates the same number of second movement addition values; a second maximum value detection unit that detects a maximum value among a plurality of second movement addition values generated by the second movement addition unit; Comparing the maximum value detected by the 1 maximum value detection unit with the maximum value detected by the second maximum value detection unit, the smaller maximum value of the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence An encoded sequence detection unit for detecting an encoded sequence corresponding to A first encoding sequence, of a second coding sequence, and a selection output section for selectively outputting the detected coded sequence by sequence detector may have. Here, “moving and adding” includes moving and adding, and calculating an absolute value. According to this aspect, by selecting a sequence using the maximum value among the results of moving and adding a plurality of bits included in the encoded sequence, an encoded sequence having a high DC-free property can be selected.

  Another aspect of the present invention is a decoding device. The apparatus includes an input unit that inputs an encoded sequence to which a predetermined determination bit is added, a determination bit acquisition unit that acquires a predetermined determination bit added to the encoded sequence input by the input unit, and an input The bit sequence inverts each of a plurality of bits included in the encoded sequence according to the determination bit acquired by the determination bit acquisition unit and outputs the signal sequence to be decoded. Or a signal processing unit that executes any one of the process of outputting the encoded sequence as a signal sequence to be decoded as it is and the run length of the signal sequence to be decoded output by the signal processing unit. A run-length limited decoding unit that generates a digital signal sequence by performing limited decoding. According to this aspect, the original digital signal sequence can be decoded by executing a process corresponding to the DC-free encoding executed on the encoding side.

  Yet another embodiment of the present invention is a signal processing device. This apparatus is a signal processing apparatus including an encoding unit and a decoding unit, and the encoding unit performs a run-length limited code that generates a first encoded sequence by performing a run-length limited encoding on a digital signal sequence. Output from the encoding unit, the signal processing unit that generates the second encoded sequence by performing bit inversion processing on each of the plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence, and the run-length limited encoding unit A first addition unit that adds a first determination bit to any part of the first encoded sequence, and a first determination bit is bit-inverted to any part of the second encoded sequence output from the signal processing unit A second addition unit for adding the second determination bit, a first encoded sequence to which the first determination bit is added by the first addition unit, and a second code to which the second determination bit is added by the second addition unit. Izu A DC component removal encoding unit that selects and outputs either of them, and a decoding unit, an input unit that inputs an encoded sequence to which either the first determination bit or the second determination bit is added, A determination bit acquisition unit that acquires a determination bit added to the encoded sequence input by the input unit, and a determination bit acquired by the determination bit acquisition unit for the encoded sequence input by the input unit Either a process of outputting a signal sequence to be decoded by bit-inverting each of a plurality of bits included in the digital signal sequence, or a process of outputting an encoded sequence as a signal sequence to be decoded as it is A digital signal sequence is generated by run-length limited decoding of the signal sequence to be decoded and output from the signal processing unit. A runlength limited decoding unit which may have a.

  According to this aspect, by performing the inversion process so as not to increase the number of bits included in the sequence, the encoded sequence can be obtained without reducing the overall coding rate. Since the two encoded sequences are in a logically inverted relationship, it is a more preferable option for selecting an encoded sequence having a high DC-free property. By selecting an encoded sequence having a high DC-free property from more preferable options, the possibility of selecting an encoded sequence having a higher DC-free property can be improved. In addition, on the decoding side, the original digital signal sequence can be decoded by executing processing corresponding to the DC-free encoding executed on the encoding side.

  Yet another embodiment of the present invention is a storage system. This storage system is a signal storage system including a write channel for writing data to the storage device and a read channel for reading data stored in the storage device, and the write channel is a first that performs run-length encoding of data. The data encoded by the first encoding unit, the second encoding unit that encodes the data encoded by the first encoding unit using the low-density parity check code, and the second encoding unit The read channel writes an analog signal output from the storage device, and converts the analog signal input from the input unit into a digital signal and outputs the digital signal. An analog-digital converter, a software output detector that calculates the likelihood of the digital signal output from the analog-digital converter, and outputs a soft decision value; A first decoding unit corresponding to a second encoding unit that decodes data output from the force detection unit, and a first encoding unit that decodes data decoded by the first decoding unit. A corresponding second decoding unit. The first encoding unit includes a run-length limited encoding unit that generates a first encoded sequence by performing run-length limited encoding on the digital signal sequence, and a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence. On the other hand, a first determination bit is added to one of the signal processing unit that performs bit inversion processing to generate the second encoded sequence and the first encoded sequence output from the run-length limited encoding unit. A first adding unit that adds a second determination bit obtained by inverting the first determination bit to any part of the second encoded sequence output from the signal processing unit, and a first addition DC component for selecting and outputting one of the first encoded sequence to which the first determination bit is added by the unit and the second encoded sequence to which the second determination bit is added by the second addition unit And a removal coding unit. That. The second decoding unit includes an input unit that inputs an encoded sequence to which either the first determination bit or the second determination bit is added, and a determination bit that is added to the encoded sequence input by the input unit. A determination bit acquisition unit to be acquired, and a bit sequence obtained by inverting each of a plurality of bits included in the digital signal sequence according to the determination bit acquired by the determination bit acquisition unit with respect to the encoded sequence input by the input unit A signal processing unit that performs either of a process of outputting a signal sequence to be decoded or a process of outputting an encoded sequence as a signal sequence to be decoded as it is and a signal processing unit A run-length limited decoding unit that generates a digital signal sequence by subjecting the signal sequence to be decoded to run-length limited decoding. According to this aspect, the storage system can be accessed at higher speed by executing the encoding process with high DC-free property.

  Yet another embodiment of the present invention is also a storage system. The storage system further includes a storage device that stores data, and a control unit that controls writing to the storage device and reading from the storage device. The read channel reads data stored in the storage device in accordance with an instruction from the control unit, and the write channel writes encoded data in the storage device in accordance with an instruction from the control unit. According to this aspect, the storage system can be accessed at higher speed by executing the encoding process with high DC-free property.

  Yet another embodiment of the present invention is an encoding device. This device may be an integrated device, and the device may be integrated on a single semiconductor substrate. According to this aspect, encoding processing with high DC-free characteristics can be executed efficiently, and it is not necessary to install extra hardware, so that a low-scale semiconductor integrated circuit can be realized.

  Yet another aspect of the present invention is a run-length limited encoding method. This method is a run-length limited encoding method for generating an encoded sequence by performing run-length limited encoding on a digital signal sequence, and a bit indicating 0 among a plurality of bits included in the encoded sequence is It is at least one or more consecutive 0 continuous sections that exist continuously, and the length of the continuous zero section having the maximum length is not less than 0 and not more than the first allowable continuous length, and is included in the encoded sequence At least one continuous section in which a bit indicating one of a plurality of bits continuously exists, and the length of one continuous section having the maximum length is shorter than the second allowable continuous length. Thus, the first encoded sequence is generated. The run-length limited encoding method may generate an encoded sequence with the first allowable continuous length and the second allowable continuous length as the same length. According to this aspect, by limiting both the continuous length of 0 and the continuous length of 1 included in the encoded sequence by the run-length limited encoding unit, an encoded sequence having a better restriction on the continuous length is generated. it can.

  Note that any combination of the above-described constituent elements and the constituent elements and expressions of the present invention replaced with each other among methods, apparatuses, systems, etc. are also effective as an aspect of the present invention.

  According to the present invention, the DC-free characteristic can be improved with a smaller circuit scale while satisfying the run length limitation.

  Before specifically describing an embodiment of the present invention, an outline of a storage system according to the present embodiment will be described first. The storage system according to the present embodiment includes a hard disk controller, a magnetic disk device, and a read / write channel including a read channel and a write channel. In the light channel, run-length limited encoding, DC-free encoding, and LDPC encoding are performed as encoding. In the read channel, data detection using a Viterbi algorithm or the like and LDPC decoding are performed. In this data detection, it is known that detection accuracy deteriorates due to the presence of a DC component. Furthermore, the correction capability of LDPC decoding decreases due to the deterioration of detection accuracy. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the configuration is such that the DC-free encoding for reducing the DC component is performed before the LDPC encoding. Note that the storage system according to the present embodiment is not limited to LDPC encoding, and may be configured to execute other error correction encoding schemes such as turbo encoding and convolutional encoding.

  DC-free coding is realized by selecting a sequence having higher DC-free property from two different sequences. When RLL encoding having two different properties is performed in order to generate two different sequences, the circuit scale increases as the second RLL encoding circuit is required. Even in the case of an application that does not pose a problem in circuit scale, as a result of executing RLL coding having two different properties, both sequences are not always good in DC-freeness. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the same RLL encoding is executed.

  Here, when executing the same RLL encoding, it is necessary to avoid that the sequences to be selected are the same. It is also necessary to avoid the case where there is no restricted coding sequence with good DC-free characteristics. Therefore, in this embodiment, a sequence obtained by RLL encoding and two sequences obtained by inverting the sequence are selected. In RLL encoding, not only 0 but also the continuous length of 1 is limited. As a result, the RLL characteristics can be guaranteed not only in the sequence obtained by RLL coding but also in the inverted sequence. The two sequences to be generated have substantially the same DC-free property, but by averaging over several intervals, a sequence having a statistically good DC-free property can be generated. Therefore, the encoding apparatus in the present embodiment can improve both the RLL characteristics and the DC-free property. In addition, since the encoding apparatus according to the present embodiment is realized with a simple configuration such as a single RLL encoding unit and an inversion unit, the circuit scale can be reduced. Furthermore, since the coding apparatus according to the present embodiment can generate a coded sequence having high DC-free characteristics without setting the coding rate low, in an application such as a hard disk where the coding rate cannot be set low. Preferred. Details will be described later.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a storage system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 is roughly divided into a hard disk controller 1 (hereinafter abbreviated as “HDC1”), a central processing unit 2 (hereinafter abbreviated as “CPU2”), and a read / write channel 3 (hereinafter abbreviated as “CPU2”). , Abbreviated as “R / W channel 3”), voice coil motor / spindle motor control unit 4 (hereinafter abbreviated as “VCM / SPM control unit 4”), and disk enclosure 5 (hereinafter referred to as “DE5”). Abbreviated as)). In general, the HDC 1, CPU 2, R / W channel 3, and VCM / SPM control unit 4 are configured on the same substrate.

  The HDC 1 includes a main control unit 11 that controls the entire HDC 1, a data format control unit 12, an error correction coding control unit 13 (hereinafter abbreviated as “ECC control unit 13”), and a buffer RAM 14. The HDC 1 is connected to the host system via an interface unit (not shown). Further, it is connected to the DE 5 via the R / W channel 3, and performs data transfer between the host and the DE 5 under the control of the main control unit 11. A read reference clock (RRCK) generated by the R / W channel 3 is input to the HDC 1. The data format control unit 12 converts the data transferred from the host into a format suitable for recording on the disk medium 50, and conversely, suitable for transferring the data reproduced from the disk medium 50 to the host. Convert to format. The disk medium 50 includes, for example, a magnetic disk. The ECC control unit 13 adds redundant symbols using data to be recorded as information symbols in order to enable correction and detection of errors contained in data reproduced from the disk medium 50. The ECC control unit 13 determines whether or not an error has occurred in the reproduced data, and corrects or detects if there is an error. However, the number of symbols that can correct errors is limited, and is related to the length of redundant data. That is, if a large amount of redundant data is added, the format efficiency deteriorates, so that there is a trade-off with the number of error correctable symbols. When error correction is performed using Reed-Solomon (RS) code as ECC, up to (redundant symbols / 2) errors can be corrected. The buffer RAM 14 temporarily stores data transferred from the host and transfers it to the R / W channel 3 at an appropriate timing. Conversely, the read data transferred from the R / W channel 3 is temporarily stored, and transferred to the host at an appropriate timing after the ECC decoding process or the like is completed.

  The CPU 2 includes a flash ROM 21 (hereinafter abbreviated as “FROM 21”) and a RAM 22, and is connected to the HDC 1, the R / W channel 3, the VCM / SPM control unit 4, and the DE 5. The FROM 21 stores an operation program for the CPU 2.

  The R / W channel 3 is roughly divided into a write channel 31 and a read channel 32, and transfers data to be recorded and reproduced data to and from the HDC 1. The R / W channel 3 is connected to the DE 5 and transmits a recording signal and receives a reproduction signal. Details will be described later.

  The VCM / SPM control unit 4 controls a voice coil motor 52 (hereinafter abbreviated as “VCM52”) and a spindle motor 53 (hereinafter abbreviated as “SPM53”) in the DE 5.

  The DE 5 is connected to the R / W channel 3 and receives a recording signal and transmits a reproduction signal. The DE 5 is connected to the VCM / SPM control unit 4. The DE 5 includes a disk medium 50, a head 51, a VCM 52, an SPM 53, a preamplifier 54, and the like. In the storage system 100 of FIG. 1, it is assumed that there is one disk medium 50 and the head 51 is disposed only on one surface side of the disk medium 50. A stacked arrangement may be used. The head 51 is generally provided corresponding to each surface of the disk medium 50. The recording signal transmitted by the R / W channel 3 is supplied to the head 51 via the preamplifier 54 in the DE 5 and is recorded on the disk medium 50 by the head 51. Conversely, a signal reproduced from the disk medium 50 by the head 51 is transmitted to the R / W channel 3 via the preamplifier 54. The VCM 52 in the DE 5 moves the head 51 in the radial direction of the disk medium 50 in order to position the head 51 at a target position on the disk medium 50. The SPM 53 rotates the disk medium 50.

  Here, the R / W channel 3 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of the R / W channel 3 of FIG. The R / W channel 3 is roughly composed of a write channel 31 and a read channel 32.

  The write channel 31 includes a byte interface unit 301, a scrambler 302, a run length restriction and DC free encoding unit 303 (hereinafter abbreviated as “RLL / DC free encoding unit 303”), a low density parity check encoding unit. 304 (hereinafter abbreviated as “LDPC encoding unit 304”), a write compensation unit 305 (hereinafter abbreviated as “write pre-con unit 305”), and a driver 306.

  In the byte interface unit 301, data transferred from the HDC 1 is processed as input data. Data to be written on the medium is input from the HDC 1 in units of one sector. At this time, not only user data (512 bytes) for one sector but also ECC bytes added by the HDC 1 are input simultaneously. The data bus is normally 1 byte (8 bits) and is processed as input data by the byte interface unit 301. The scrambler 302 converts the write data into a random series. This is because the repetition of data with the same rule adversely affects the detection performance at the time of reading and prevents the error rate from deteriorating.

  The RLL / DC free encoding unit 303 is for limiting the maximum continuous length of 0 and 1. By limiting the maximum continuous length of 0 and the maximum continuous length of 1, a data series suitable for the automatic gain control unit 317 (hereinafter abbreviated as “AGC317”) or the like is obtained. Furthermore, the direct current component is reduced, the data detection capability is improved, and the error correction capability is improved. Details will be described later.

  The LDPC encoding unit 304 has a role of generating a sequence including parity bits, which are redundant bits, by LDPC encoding the data sequence. LDPC encoding is performed by multiplying a k × n matrix called a generator matrix by a data sequence of length k from the left. Each element included in the parity check matrix H corresponding to this generator matrix is 0 or 1, and since the number of 1 is smaller than the number of 0, it is called a low density parity check code (Low Density Parity Check Codes). It is. By using this arrangement of 1 and 0, the LDPC iterative decoding unit can efficiently correct errors.

  The write pre-con unit 305 is a circuit that compensates for non-linear distortion due to continuous magnetization transitions on the medium. A rule necessary for compensation is detected from the write data, and the write current waveform is adjusted in advance so that the magnetization transition occurs at the correct position. The driver 306 is a driver that outputs a signal corresponding to the pseudo ECL level. The output from the driver 306 is sent to the DE 5 (not shown), sent to the head 51 through the preamplifier 54, and the write data is recorded on the disk medium 50.

  The read channel 32 includes a variable gain amplifier 311 (hereinafter abbreviated as “VGA 311”), a low-pass filter 312 (hereinafter abbreviated as “LPF 312”), an AGC 317, a digital / analog converter 313 (hereinafter “ADC 313”). A frequency synthesizer 314, a filter 315, a soft output detection unit 320, an LDPC iterative decoding unit 322, a synchronization signal detection unit 321, a run length limited / DC free decoding unit 323 (hereinafter referred to as “RLL / DC free decoding”). Abbreviated as “portion 323”) and a descrambler 324.

  The VGA 311 and AGC 317 adjust the amplitude of the read waveform of data sent from the preamplifier 54 (not shown). The AGC 317 compares the ideal amplitude with the actual amplitude, and determines the gain to be set in the VGA 311. The LPF 312 can adjust the cutoff frequency and the boost amount, and is responsible for part of the reduction to high-frequency noise and equalization to a partial response (hereinafter referred to as “PR”) waveform. The LPF 312 equalizes the PR waveform, but it is difficult to completely equalize with the analog LPF due to many factors such as fluctuations in the flying height of the head, non-uniformity of the medium, and fluctuations in the rotation of the motor. Then, equalization to the PR waveform is performed again using the filter 315 having more flexibility. The filter 315 may have a function of adaptively adjusting the tap coefficient. The frequency synthesizer 314 generates a sampling clock for the ADC 313.

  The ADC 313 is configured to directly obtain synchronous samples by AD conversion. In addition to this configuration, an asynchronous sample may be obtained by AD conversion. In this case, a zero-phase restart unit, a timing control unit, and an interpolation filter may be further provided after the ADC 313. Synchronous samples need to be obtained from asynchronous samples, and these blocks play that role. The zero phase restart unit is a block for determining an initial phase, and is used to obtain a synchronization sample as soon as possible. After determining the initial phase, the timing controller compares the ideal sample value with the actual sample value to detect a phase shift. A synchronous sample can be obtained by determining parameters of the interpolation filter using this.

  The soft output detection unit 320 is a soft output Viterbi algorithm (Soft-Output Viterbi Algorithm; hereinafter abbreviated as “SOVA”), which is a kind of Viterbi algorithm in order to avoid degradation of decoding characteristics due to intersymbol interference. Used. That is, in order to solve the problem that the interference between recorded codes increases and the decoding characteristics deteriorate as the recording density of magnetic disk devices increases in recent years, a partial response due to intersymbol interference is a method for overcoming this problem. The most likely decoding (Partial Response Maximum Like Like) (hereinafter abbreviated as “PRML”) method is used. PRML is a method for obtaining a signal sequence that maximizes the likelihood of a partial response of a reproduction signal.

  When the SOVA method is used as the soft output detection unit 320, a soft decision value is output. For example, assume that a soft decision value (−0.71, +0.18, +0.45, −0.45, −0.9) is output as the SOVA output. These values represent numerical values as to whether the possibility of being 0 or 1 is high. For example, the first “−0.71” indicates that the possibility of 1 is large, and the second “+0.18” is likely to be 0, but the possibility of 1 is small. Means no. The output of the conventional Viterbi detector is a hard value, and the output of SOVA is hard-decided. In the case of the above example, it is (1, 0, 0, 1, 1). The hard value represents only whether it is 0 or 1, and information on which is more likely is lost. For this reason, decoding performance is improved by inputting a soft decision value to the LDPC iterative decoding unit 322.

  The LDPC iterative decoding unit 322 has a role of restoring an LDPC encoded data sequence to a sequence before LDPC encoding. As a decoding method, there are mainly a sum-product decoding method and a min-sum decoding method. The sum-product decoding method is advantageous in terms of decoding performance, but the min-sum decoding method is realized by hardware. With the feature that is easy. In an actual decoding operation using an LDPC code, very good decoding performance can be obtained by performing iterative decoding between the soft output detection unit 320 and the LDPC iterative decoding unit 322. For this reason, a configuration is actually required in which a plurality of stages of software output detection units 320 and LDPC iterative decoding units 322 are arranged. The synchronization signal detection unit 321 has a role of detecting a synchronization signal (Sync Mark) added to the head of data and recognizing the head position of the data.

  The RLL / DC free decoding unit 323 performs the reverse operation of the RLL / DC free encoding unit 303 of the write channel 31 on the data output from the LDPC iterative decoding unit 322, and restores the original data series. Details will be described later.

  The descrambler 324 performs the reverse operation of the scrambler 302 of the write channel 31 to restore the original data series. The data generated here is transferred to the HDC 1.

  Here, “DC free” will be described. 3A to 3B are diagrams illustrating examples of DC-free characteristics according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating an example of the distribution of soft decision values when DC is free and when DC is not. The horizontal axis represents the number, and the vertical axis represents the soft decision value. The vertical axis is an axis including ± 0 on the center and including both positive and negative soft decision values. A first characteristic 200 indicated by a solid line indicates a distribution in the case of DC free. A second characteristic 300 indicated by a broken line shows an example of distribution when DC is not free. As described above, “DC free” indicates that the ratio of the number of 0 and 1 bits included in the sequence is 50%. In other words, as shown in the first characteristic 200 of FIG. 3A, in the distribution of soft decision values in the LDPC iterative decoding unit 322 of FIG. It means that the amount is small. On the other hand, when not DC-free, for example, as shown in the second characteristic 300 of FIG. 3A, in the distribution of the soft decision value, the distribution amount near ± 0 is increased.

  FIG. 3B is a diagram showing an example of bit error rate characteristics when the DC is free and when it is not. The horizontal axis represents a signal-to-noise ratio (Signal to Noise Ratio), and the vertical axis represents a bit error rate (Bit Error Rate). A third characteristic 210 indicated by a solid line indicates a bit error rate characteristic in the case of DC free. A fourth characteristic 310 indicated by a broken line indicates a bit error rate characteristic when the DC is not free. As shown in the figure, the bit error rate is worse in the case where DC is not free than in the case where DC is free.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the RLL / DC free encoding unit 303 of FIG. The RLL / DC free encoding unit 303 includes an RLL encoding unit 60, a first signal processing unit 62, and a DC component removal encoding unit 66.

  The RLL encoding unit 60 generates a first encoded sequence by subjecting the digital signal sequence output from the scrambler 302 to run-length limited encoding. The first signal processing unit 62 performs predetermined signal processing on the first encoded sequence without changing the number of bits included in the first encoded sequence output from the RLL encoding unit 60. Thus, a second encoded sequence is generated. The predetermined signal processing may be any processing as long as the number of bits included in the digital signal sequence is not changed. For example, a process of executing a bit inversion process for each of a plurality of bits included in the digital signal sequence may be used. The DC component removal encoding unit 66 has a high DC-free property among the first encoded sequence generated by the RLL encoding unit 60 and the second encoded sequence generated by the first signal processing unit 62. Either one of the encoded sequences is selected and output. Here, when the digital signal sequence to be processed is composed of 300 bits, the RLL / DC free encoding unit 303 processes 30 bits as one set and is divided into 10 times. Here, when the encoding rate of the RLL encoding unit 60 is 30/31, the number of bits per sequence output from the RLL encoding unit 60 and the first signal processing unit 62 is 31 bits, respectively. Become.

  In general, RLL encoding is performed according to the rule (d, k) so that the continuous length of “0” existing in the signal sequence is limited. The rule (d, k) is that a signal sequence generated as a result of RLL encoding is such that the number of “0” existing between two “1” s in the signal sequence is not less than d and not more than k. It is a rule that requires to be. Here, “two“ 1 ”s” in a signal sequence means two adjacent “1” s when all “0” s are removed from the signal sequence. For example, if the rule (d, k) is (0, 3), it can be said that the signal sequence “0110100010” satisfies the rule. On the other hand, when the rule (d, k) is (1, 3), it cannot be said that the signal sequence “0110100010” satisfies the rule. This is because the number of “0” s between “1” of the second bit in the signal sequence and “1” of the third bit adjacent thereto is 0, and the condition of 1 to 3 is not satisfied. . In other words, if d is not 0 in the rule (d, k), it can be said that the condition is severe. Note that d and k in the rule (d, k) are both integers of 0 or more.

  In the RLL encoding unit 60 of the present embodiment, the rule (d, k) is applied not only to “0” but also to “1”. “Apply rule (d, k) for“ 1 ”” indicates that the number of “1” existing between two “0” s in the signal sequence is not less than d and not more than k. That is, the RLL encoding unit 60 applies the rule (d0, k0) for the continuous length of “0” and applies the rule (d1, k1) for the continuous length of “1”. And the continuous length of both “1” are simultaneously limited. Furthermore, the RLL encoding unit 60 outputs the first encoded sequence in which the continuous lengths of both “0” and “1” are simultaneously limited to the DC component removal encoding unit 66, and the first signal processing unit 62 Then, the second encoded sequence obtained by inverting the encoded sequence is output to the DC component removal encoding unit 66. By taking such an aspect, both of the two encoded sequences input to the DC component removal encoding unit 66 can satisfy the RLL characteristic. In other words, the first encoded sequence satisfies the rule (d0, k0) for “0”, the rule (d1, k1) for 1, and the second encoded sequence satisfies the rule (0 for “0”). d1, k1) and the rule (d0, k0) is satisfied for 1.

In the two rules (d0, k0) and (d1, k1) in the present embodiment, d0 and d1 are preferably set to a value of 0 for both. As described above, in the rule (d, k), when d is not 0, the condition is severe, and the coding rate is significantly reduced. Further, k0 and k1 are preferably set as a value of k1 or more. This is because in the storage system 10 in the present embodiment, priority is given to limiting the continuous length of “0”. More preferably, it may be set as k0 = k1. This is because if the number of “1” s included in the signal sequence is too small, the performance of the AGC 317 in FIG. 2 and the timing control unit (not shown) may deteriorate or may not operate normally. Needless to say, k0 and k1 are non-zero integers, and values larger than d0 and d1 must be set, respectively. Summarizing the above, d0, k0, d1, and k1 in the two rules (d0, k0) and (d1, k1) are set so as to have a relationship represented by the following expressions (1) and (2). It is preferable. When set as follows, the first encoded sequence generated by the RLL encoding unit 60 and the first signal processing unit 62 and the second encoded sequence obtained by inverting the first encoded sequence are the same The RLL characteristics are as follows.
d0 = d1 = 0 Formula (1)
k0 = k1> 0 (2)

  FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the DC component removal coding unit 66 of FIG. The DC component removal encoding unit 66 includes an encoded sequence selection unit 74, a selection identification information generation unit 76, and an identification information addition unit 78. The encoded sequence selection unit 74 selects either one of the first encoded sequence generated by the RLL encoding unit 60 and the second encoded sequence generated by the first signal processing unit 62. select. The selection identification information generation unit 76 generates selection identification information indicating the encoded sequence selected by the encoded sequence selection unit 74. The identification information adding unit 78 adds the selection identification information generated by the selection identification information generating unit 76 to any part of the encoded sequence selected by the encoded sequence selecting unit 74.

  This will be specifically described. When the first encoded sequence is selected by the encoded sequence selection unit 74, the selection identification information added to the first encoded sequence by the identification information adding unit 78 is “0”. On the other hand, when the second encoded sequence is selected by the encoded sequence selection unit 74, the selection identification information added to the first encoded sequence by the identification information adding unit 78 is “1”. In other words, the first encoded sequence to which selection identification information “0” is added or the second encoded sequence to which selection identification information “1” is added is output to LDPC encoding section 304. The part to which the selection identification information is added by the identification information adding unit 78 may be an arbitrary fixed part in the encoded sequence, and may be added to the end of the encoded sequence, for example. Although details will be described later, the selection identification information added here is a determination bit, and an appropriate decoding process is realized by analyzing the position of the determination bit added on the decoding side and the content of the determination bit. The Rukoto. In the specific example described above, 1-bit selection identification information is added to a 31-bit encoded sequence at a time, and a total of 32-bit sequences are output. That is, the coding rate in the entire RLL / DC free coding unit 303 is 30/32.

  The encoded sequence selection unit 74 may include a first connection unit and a second connection unit (not shown). The first concatenation unit concatenates the encoded sequence already selected by the encoded sequence selection unit 74 and the first encoded sequence. The second concatenation unit concatenates the encoded sequence already selected by the encoded sequence selection unit 74 and the second encoded sequence. In this case, the encoded sequence selection unit 74 sets the sequence connected by the first connecting unit as a new first encoded sequence, sets the sequence connected by the second connecting unit as a new second encoded sequence, Either one of the encoded sequences may be selected. In other words, the encoded sequence selection unit 74 makes a selection determination for a combination of the encoded sequence selected in the past and the encoded sequence that is currently selected as a candidate for selection in the long section. DC-free characteristics can be improved.

  6A to 6C are diagrams illustrating first to third configuration examples of the encoded sequence selection unit 74 in FIG. FIG. 6A is a diagram illustrating a first configuration example of the encoded sequence selection unit 74 in FIG. The encoded sequence selection unit 74 in the first configuration includes a first ratio calculation unit 80, a second ratio calculation unit 82, and a selection output unit 84.

  The first ratio calculation unit 80 calculates a ratio between a bit indicating 0 and a bit indicating 1 among a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence. The second ratio calculation unit 82 calculates a ratio between a bit indicating 0 and a bit indicating 1 among a plurality of bits included in the second encoded sequence. The selection output unit 84 selects an encoded sequence corresponding to a ratio closer to 50% of the ratio calculated by the first ratio calculation unit 80 and the ratio calculated by the second ratio calculation unit 82. Output.

This will be described using a specific example. First, it is assumed that a 31-bit encoded sequence is output from each of the RLL encoding unit 60 and the first signal processing unit 62 at time t = 1. In this case, the first ratio calculator 80 and the second ratio calculator 82 analyze the bits included in the respective encoded sequences and calculate the ratio. Here, among the bits included in the encoded sequence input to the first ratio calculation unit 80, when the bit indicating 0 is 14 bits and the bit indicating 1 is 17 bits, the ratio is the first ratio calculation unit 80 is calculated as follows.
Ratio _{t = 1} = (number of bits indicating 0 + 1) / (number of bits of coded sequence + 1)
= (14 + 1) / (31 + 1)
≒ 46.9% ... Formula (3)

Of the bits included in the encoded sequence input to the second ratio calculation unit 82, the bits indicating 0 are 17 bits, and the bits indicating 1 are 14 bits. This is because the encoded sequence input to the second ratio calculator 82 is a logical inversion of the encoded sequence input to the first ratio calculator 80. Therefore, the ratio _{t = 1} is calculated by the second ratio calculator 82 as follows. In addition, in the numerators on the right side of the equations (3) and (4), “1” and “0” are added, assuming that the selection identification information is “0” and “1”. Because it is. Also, the reason why “1” is added in the denominators on the right side of the equations (3) and (4) is to calculate the ratio of the number of 0s in the sequence including the selection identification information.
Ratio _{t = 1} = (number of bits indicating 0 + 0) / (number of bits of coded sequence + 1)
= (17 + 0) / (31 + 1)
≒ 53.1% ... Formula (4)

  Here, if the ratio of the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence is expressed as “(50 ± α)%”, both are α = 3.1. Therefore, since any ratio can be said to be close to 50%, it is possible to select any encoded sequence. In such a case, the first encoded sequence is preferably selected. The first encoded sequence does not pass through the first signal processing unit 62, and there is no need to execute processing corresponding to the first signal processing unit 62 in the RLL / DC free decoding unit 323 described later. Therefore, when the first encoded sequence is selected, the processing power in the storage system 10 can be reduced. In the following description, it is assumed that the first encoded sequence is selected when α is the same at t = 0.

As described above, the first encoded sequence is selected by the selection output unit 84 at t = 1. In addition, the number of bits “14” indicating 0 according to the selected first encoded sequence is stored. Next, also in t = 2, as in the case of t = 1, it is assumed that 31-bit encoded sequences are output from the RLL encoding unit 60 and the first signal processing unit 62, respectively. Here, among the bits included in the encoded sequence input to the first ratio calculation unit 80, when the bit indicating 0 is 11 bits and the bit indicating 1 is 20 bits, the ratio is calculated as follows. Is done.
Ratio _{t = 2} = (number of bits indicating 0 + 1) / ((number of bits of coded sequence + 1) × t)
= (14 + 1 + 11 + 1) / ((31 + 1) × 2)
≒ 42.2% ... Formula (5)

  Unlike the case of t = 1, the first ratio calculation unit 80 is a sequence in which the encoded sequence selected at t = 1 and the first encoded sequence at t = 2 are connected by the first connecting unit. Calculate the ratio for. That is, the number “14 + 1” of bits indicating 0 in the first encoded sequence selected at t = 1 and the number “11 + 1” of bits indicating 0 in the first encoded sequence at t = 2. It will be added in the numerator of equation (5). Further, the denominator in Equation (5) is the number of bits related to two sets of encoded sequences.

Of the bits included in the encoded sequence input to the second ratio calculation unit 82, the bits indicating 0 are 20 bits, and the bits indicating 1 are 11 bits. Then, the ratio is calculated by the second ratio calculator 82 as follows. In this case, since the ratio of the second encoded sequence is closer to 50%, the second encoded sequence is selected by the selection output unit 84 at t = 2.
Ratio _{t = 2} = (number of bits indicating 0 + 0) / ((number of bits of coded sequence + 1) × t)
= (14 + 1 + 20 + 0) / ((31 + 1) × 2)
= 54.7% Formula (6)

Similarly, the ratio is calculated after t = 3. Here, the ratio at t = n is expressed as follows. However, n is an integer of 1 or more. Nbit (m) indicates the number of bits indicating 0 among the bits included in the encoded sequence selected at t = m. Nbit (n) indicates the number of bits indicating 0 among the bits included in the encoded sequence whose ratio is to be calculated. It is assumed that selection identification information is also included in the encoded sequence for which the ratio is calculated.

  FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating a second configuration example of the encoded sequence selection unit 74 in FIG. The encoded sequence selection unit 74 in the second configuration includes a first summation unit 86, a second summation unit 88, and a selection output unit 84. The first summation unit 86 sums a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence to generate a first sum value. The second summing unit 88 sums a plurality of bits included in the second encoded sequence to generate a second summed value. The encoded sequence detection unit compares the first added value generated by the first adder 86 with the second added value generated by the second adder 88, and compares the first encoded sequence and the second code. An encoded sequence corresponding to the smaller sum of the converted sequences is detected. The selection output unit 84 selects and outputs the encoded sequence detected by the sequence detection unit from the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence.

  This will be described using a specific example. First, it is assumed that a 31-bit encoded sequence is output from each of the RLL encoding unit 60 and the first signal processing unit 62 at t = 1. In this case, the first summing unit 86 and the second summing unit 88 sum the bits included in the respective encoded sequences. In the summation, 0 may be replaced with “+1” and 1 may be replaced with “−1” for total. By summing in this way, when the number of bits indicating 0 and 1 is equal, the sum is 0. Therefore, the selection output unit 84 may select an encoded sequence having a sum value close to 0, for example, an encoded sequence having a small absolute value of the sum value. This method is also called continuous digital summation (hereinafter abbreviated as “RDS”).

Here, at t = 1, out of 31 bits included in the encoded sequence input to the first summing unit 86, the bit indicating 0 is 14 bits, and the bit indicating 1 is 17 bits. Is calculated as follows. Note that “1” is added to the multiplicand of the first term on the right side because the selection identification information is assumed to be zero.
RDS _abs = | (14 + 1) × (+1) + 17 × (−1) |
= 2 Equation (8)

Of the bits included in the encoded sequence input to the second summing unit 88, the bits indicating 0 are 17 bits and the bits indicating 1 are 14. Therefore, the ratio is calculated as follows: Note that “1” is added in the second term on the right side because the selection identification information is assumed to be 1.
RDS _abs = | 17 × (+1) + (14 + 1) × (−1) |
= 2 Equation (9)

Here, at t = 1, since any RDS _abs has the same value for the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence, any encoded sequence may be selected. In other words, since the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence are in a logically inverted relationship, the RDS _abs are always the same. Here, “always the same” includes that the RDS at that time is the same. That is, even if the RDS _{abs at} t = 1 are the same, the RDS _{abs at} t = 2, which will be described later, are calculated after reflecting the RDS _abs selected at t = 1. Do not mean. Note that when the two RDS _abs are the same, the first coded sequence is preferably selected. The first encoded sequence does not pass through the first signal processing unit 62, and there is no need to execute processing corresponding to the first signal processing unit 62 in the RLL / DC free decoding unit 323 described later. Therefore, when the first encoded sequence is selected, the processing power in the storage system 10 can be reduced. In the following description, it is assumed that the first encoded sequence is selected at t = 1. Further, it is assumed that the RDS for the first coded sequence before calculating the absolute value is stored as “RDS ₁ = −2”.

Next, at t = 2, as in the case of t = 1, it is assumed that 31-bit encoded sequences are output from the RLL encoding unit 60 and the first signal processing unit 62, respectively. Here, among the bits included in the encoded sequence input to the first summing unit 86, when the bit indicating 0 is 11 bits and the bit indicating 1 is 20 bits, the RDS is calculated as follows. The Unlike t = 1, at t = 2, the RDS for the encoded sequence selected at t = 1 is also taken into consideration.
RDS _abs = | RDS ₁ + (11 + 1) × (+1) + 20 × (−1) |
= | -2 + (-8) |
= 10 Expression (10)

Of the bits included in the encoded sequence input to the second summing unit 88, the bits indicating 0 are 20 bits, and the bits indicating 1 are 11 bits. Therefore, the ratio is calculated as follows: In this case, since the RDS of the second encoded sequence is smaller, the second encoded sequence is selected by the selection output unit 84 at t = 2. Also, RDS ₂ = 6 is stored.
RDS _abs = | RDS ₁ + 20 × (+1) + (11 + 1) × (−1) |
= | -2 + (+ 8) |
= 6 Formula (11)

Similarly, RDS _abs is calculated after t = 3. Here, RDS _abs (n) at t = n is expressed as follows. However, t is an integer of 1 or more. Nbit0 (m) indicates the number of bits indicating 0 among the bits included in the encoded sequence selected at t = m and the selection identification information. Nbit1 (m) indicates the number of bits indicating 1 out of the bits included in the encoded sequence selected at t = m and the selection identification information. Here, Nbit0 (n) and Nbit1 (n) indicate the number of bits indicating 0 and the number of bits indicating 1 among the bits included in the encoded sequence for which the sum value is calculated, respectively.

Here, the convergence of RDS (n) in the present embodiment will be described. Here, RDS (n) indicates a value before calculating an absolute value in RDS _abs (n). Further, “convergence of RDS (n)” includes that n is infinite and RDS (n) is 0, RDS (n) does not diverge at least, and an arbitrary time t In this case, it includes vibrating around ± 0. By generating RDS (n) having such properties, good DC-free characteristics can always be maintained.

This will be described using a specific example. Here, it is assumed that RDS in each encoded sequence at time n = 1 to 5 is calculated as follows. Note that RDS1 (n) indicates RDS in the first encoded sequence, and RDS2 (n) indicates RDS in the second encoded sequence.
RDS1 (n) = {+ 5, +7, −1, −6, −4} (13-1)
RDS2 (n) = {− 5, −7, +1, +6, +4} (13-2)

Here, for n = 1, it is assumed that the RDS _abs are the same as described above and RDS1 (1) is selected. Then, RDS (n) calculated at n = 1 to 5 is expressed as follows.
RDS (n) = {5, -2, -1, 5, 1} (14)

  Equation (14) shows that when RDS (n) at an arbitrary time n is 0 or more, an encoded sequence having a negative RDS is selected at the next time (n + 1) and is close to 0. Show. Further, in the equation (14), when RDS (n) at an arbitrary time n is 0 or less, an encoded sequence having a positive RDS is selected at the next time (n + 1) and approaches 0. Show. Here, in the present embodiment, as described above, since the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence are logically inverted sequences, RDS1 (n) and RDS2 (n) are The value is inverted between positive and negative. Then, at any n, one RDS always has the sign of the other RDS inverted. Accordingly, RDS (n) does not diverge at an arbitrary n and oscillates around ± 0 as shown in the equation (14). In other words, by making the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence invert each other, RDS (n) can have good convergence, so that high DC-free characteristics are guaranteed, and Can be maintained. Furthermore, as described above, the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence have the same RLL characteristics. Therefore, the storage system 10 can improve the RLL characteristic and the DC free characteristic at the same time by adopting the aspect shown in the present embodiment. Needless to say, the same effect can be obtained in the embodiment shown in FIG.

  The operation of the coded sequence selection unit 74 described above is characterized in that the movement calculation process is performed between past successive times while the interval calculation process is performed at a certain time. Thus, by combining the section process and the movement process, the DC-free property is improved in the long section, for example, the entire 300-bit sequence.

  In addition, the summation process in the first summation unit 86 and the second summation unit 88 may add up the bits indicating 0 or 1 included in the encoded sequence as they are. In this case, in the selection output unit 84, the encoded sequence corresponding to the sum closer to the half of the number of encoded sequences is selected.

  FIG. 6C is a diagram illustrating a third configuration example of the encoded sequence selection unit 74 in FIG. The encoded sequence selection unit 74 in the third configuration includes a first mobile addition unit 90, a first maximum value detection unit 92, a second mobile addition unit 94, a second maximum value detection unit 96, and a selection output unit. 84. The first moving addition unit 90 generates the same number of first moving addition values as the plurality of bits by calculating the moving addition of the plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence. The first maximum value detection unit 92 detects the maximum value among the plurality of first movement addition values generated by the first movement addition unit 90. The second moving addition unit 94 generates the same number of second moving addition values as the plurality of bits by moving and adding the plurality of bits included in the second encoded sequence. The second maximum value detector 96 detects the maximum value among the plurality of second movement addition values generated by the second movement addition unit 94. The encoded sequence detection unit compares the maximum value detected by the first maximum value detection unit 92 with the maximum value detected by the second maximum value detection unit 96, and compares the first encoded sequence and the second code. An encoded sequence corresponding to the smaller maximum value is detected from the encoded sequences. The selection output unit 84 selects and outputs the encoded sequence detected by the sequence detection unit from the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence.

  As in the second configuration example, the third configuration example of the encoded sequence selection unit 74 is obtained by calculating the RDS of each encoded sequence in the first mobile addition unit 90 and the second mobile addition unit 94. The selection output unit 84 selects an encoded sequence. In the third configuration example, an encoded sequence that is close to 0 in consideration of only the final calculated value of the 32-bit RDS calculation is selected in that the encoded sequence having the smaller maximum value during the calculation of the 32-bit RDS is selected. This is different from the second configuration example for selecting. In other words, in the third configuration example, the selection process is performed by the movement calculation in both the predetermined section and the plurality of sections. By taking such an aspect, it is possible to select a sequence having good DC-free properties even in the middle of the section.

Here, the “maximum value during calculation of RDS” is derived as follows for each time t. However, Min {y (0), y (1)} indicates a function that selects a smaller value and outputs the number of the selected sequence. For example, when y (0)> y (1), S (t) is 1. Further, max {x} indicates a function for detecting the maximum value of x. N represents a value in the range of (t−1) × 32 + 1 to 32 × t. Bit (m, j) indicates +1 when the m-th bit is 0 in the j-th encoded sequence, and indicates -1 when it is 1.
S (t) = Min {MaxRDS (1), MaxRDS (2)} Expression (15)
MaxRDS (1) = max {RDS (n, 1)} Expression (16-1)
MaxRDS (2) = max {RDS (n, 2)} Expression (16-2)

Bit (m, 1) and Bit (m, 2) are obtained by rewriting the bits related to the sequence selected in Expression (15) as follows each time t increases, and then the above Expression (17). -1), formula (17-2), and the like are calculated.
Bit (m, 1) = Bit (m, 2) = Bit (m, S (t−1))
: M = (t−1) × 32 + 1 to t × 32, t ≠ 1 Formula (18)

Here, the operation of the third configuration example of the encoded sequence selection unit 74 illustrated in FIG. 6C is compared with the operation of the second configuration example of the encoded sequence selection unit 74 illustrated in FIG. . FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a difference in operation of the coded sequence selection unit 74 illustrated in FIG. 6B and FIG. 6C, respectively. The horizontal axis represents time, and the vertical axis represents RDS. Here, 400A indicates the transition of RDS in the first encoded sequence. 400B indicates the transition of RDS in the second encoded sequence. In the second configuration example of the encoded sequence selection unit 74 shown in FIG. 6B, RDS _A and RDS _B which are final values of the RDS interval calculation are compared, and the smaller encoded sequence is selected. . In FIG. 7, since RDS _A <RDS _B , the selection output unit 84 selects the first encoded sequence. On the other hand, in the third configuration example of the encoded sequence selection unit 74 shown in FIG. 6C, the RDS in each bit, that is, the maximum value among the absolute values after the 32 bits are sequentially subjected to the movement calculation process. Compare the values and select the smaller encoded sequence. In FIG. 7, MaxA is the maximum value for the first encoded sequence, and MaxB is the maximum value for the second encoded sequence. Here, since MaxA> MaxB, the selection output unit 84 selects the second encoded sequence. Even when any configuration example is applied to the encoded sequence selection unit 74, an encoded sequence having a high DC-free property can be selected.

  FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of the RLL / DC free decoding unit 323 of FIG. The RLL / DC free decoding unit 323 includes a determination bit acquisition unit 68, an RLL decoding unit 70, and a second signal processing unit 72. The determination bit acquisition unit 68 acquires a predetermined determination bit added to the encoded sequence input by the LDPC iterative decoding unit 322. The second signal processing unit 72 performs signal processing opposite to the predetermined signal processing executed by the first signal processing unit 62 on the encoded sequence in accordance with the determination bit acquired by the determination bit acquisition unit 68. The process to output is executed. For example, when the bit inversion process is performed in the first signal processing unit 62 in FIG. 4, the re-inversion process for returning the bit inversion process to the original is executed. Or according to the determination bit acquired by the determination bit acquisition part 68, the 2nd signal processing part 72 performs the process which outputs the some bit contained in an encoding series as it is. The RLL decoding unit 70 generates a digital signal sequence by performing run length limited decoding on the encoded sequence output by the second signal processing unit 72.

  These configurations described above can be realized in hardware by a CPU, memory, or other LSI of an arbitrary computer, and can be realized in software by a program having a communication function loaded in the memory. Here, functional blocks realized by the cooperation are depicted. Accordingly, those skilled in the art will understand that these functional blocks can be realized in various forms by hardware only, software only, or a combination thereof.

  According to the present embodiment, the generated sequence is logically inverted by targeting an RLL-encoded signal sequence and a signal sequence that has undergone bit inversion processing on the signal sequence. For this reason, the calculated RDS (n) can have good convergence by making the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence invert each other, so that high DC-free characteristics are guaranteed. And it can be maintained. Furthermore, as described above, the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence have the same RLL characteristics. Therefore, the storage system 10 can improve the RLL characteristic and the DC free characteristic at the same time by adopting the aspect shown in the present embodiment. Further, by performing bit inversion processing, different sequences can be generated without increasing the number of bits included in the sequence.

  Further, since the number of bits included in the sequence does not increase, an encoded sequence can be obtained without reducing the overall encoding rate. Further, by adding information indicating that any of the encoded sequences has been selected to the encoded sequence, the selected encoded sequence can be easily discriminated on the decoding side. In addition, the encoded sequence selection unit 74 performs a selection determination on a combination of an encoded sequence selected in the past and an encoded sequence that is a candidate for current selection. DC-free characteristics can be improved. In the encoded sequence selection unit 74, the RDS is calculated by combining the interval process and the movement process, whereby the DC-free property can be improved in the long interval, for example, the entire 300-bit sequence. Also, by selecting the one where the ratio of the bit indicating 0 and the bit indicating 1 is close to 50%, it is possible to select an encoded sequence having a high DC-free property. In addition, by adding a plurality of bits included in the encoded sequence and selecting a sequence corresponding to a smaller combined value, an encoded sequence having a high DC-free property can be selected. Further, by selecting a sequence using the maximum value among the results obtained by moving and adding a plurality of bits included in the encoded sequence, an encoded sequence having a high DC-free property can be selected. The original digital signal sequence can be decoded by executing a process corresponding to the DC-free encoding executed on the encoding side. By executing the encoding process with high DC-free property, the storage system can be accessed at higher speed. Moreover, since it is not necessary to install extra hardware, a low-scale semiconductor integrated circuit can be realized.

  In the present embodiment, the R / W channel 3 may be integrated on a single semiconductor substrate. Moreover, in the encoding sequence selection part 74 of this embodiment, it demonstrated as an area calculation process or a movement calculation process. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and an encoded sequence having a high DC-free property may be selected by performing section average processing or moving average processing. Even in this case, the same effect can be obtained.

  The present invention has been described based on the embodiments. This embodiment is an exemplification, and various modifications can be made to combinations of the embodiments or combinations of their constituent elements and processing processes, and such modifications are also within the scope of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the storage system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the structure of the R / W channel of FIG. 3A to 3B are diagrams illustrating examples of DC-free characteristics according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an RLL / DC free encoding unit in FIG. 2. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a DC component removal encoding unit in FIG. 4. 6A to 6C are diagrams illustrating first to third configuration examples of the encoded sequence selection unit in FIG. It is a figure which shows the difference in operation | movement of the encoding sequence selection part each shown in FIG.6 (b) and FIG.6 (c). FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an RLL / DC free decoding unit in FIG. 2.

Explanation of symbols

  1 HDC, 2 CPU, 3 R / W channel, 4 VCM / SPM controller, 5 DE, 11 Main controller, 12 Data format controller, 13 ECC controller, 14 Buffer RAM, 21 FROM, 22 RAM, 31 Write Channel, 32 read channel, 50 disk medium, 51 head, 52 VCM, 53 SPM, 54 preamplifier, 60 RLL encoding unit, 62 first signal processing unit, 66 DC component removal encoding unit, 68 determination bit acquisition unit, 70 RLL decoding unit, 72 second signal processing unit, 74 encoded sequence selection unit, 76 selection identification information generation unit, 78 identification information addition unit, 80 first ratio calculation unit, 82 second ratio calculation unit, 84 selection output unit, 86 1st summation part, 88 2nd summation part, 90 1st movement Adder, 92 first maximum value detector, 94 second moving adder, 96 second maximum value detector, 100 storage system, 200 first characteristic, 210 third characteristic, 300 second characteristic, 301 byte interface part, 302 scrambler, 303 RLL / DC free encoding unit, 304 LDPC encoding unit, 305 write precon unit, 306 driver, 310 fourth characteristic, 311 VGA, 312 LPF, 313 ADC, 314 frequency synthesizer, 315 filter, 316 interpolation Filter, 317 AGC, 318 zero-phase restart unit, 319 timing control unit, 320 soft output detection unit, 321 synchronization signal detection unit, 322 LDPC iterative decoding unit, 323 RLL / DC free decoding unit, 324 deskler Umbra.

Claims (15)

A run-length limited encoding unit that generates a first encoded sequence by performing run-length limited encoding on the digital signal sequence;
A signal processing unit that performs predetermined signal processing on the first encoded sequence without changing the number of bits included in the first encoded sequence to generate a second encoded sequence;
DC component removal encoding unit that selects and outputs either the first encoded sequence generated by the run-length limited encoding unit or the second encoded sequence generated by the signal processing unit When,
An encoding device comprising:   The run-length limited encoding unit is at least one or more 0 consecutive sections in which bits indicating 0 among a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence are continuously present, and has a maximum length. And a bit indicating 1 out of a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence is continuous so that the length of the 0 continuous section having 0 is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to the first allowable continuous length. The first coded sequence is set so that the length of one continuous section having the maximum length is at least 0 and less than or equal to the second allowable continuous length. The encoding device according to claim 1, wherein the encoding device is generated.   The code according to claim 2, wherein the run-length limited encoding unit generates the first encoded sequence with the first allowable continuous length and the second allowable continuous length as the same length. Device.   The encoding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing unit performs bit inversion processing on each of a plurality of bits included in the digital signal sequence. The DC component removal coding unit is
An encoded sequence selection unit that selects one of the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence;
A selection identification information generating unit that generates selection identification information indicating the encoded sequence selected by the encoded sequence selection unit;
An identification information adding unit for adding selection identification information generated by the selection identification information generating unit to any part of the encoded sequence selected by the encoded sequence selection unit;
The encoding device according to claim 1, comprising: The encoded sequence selection unit includes:
A first concatenation unit that concatenates the encoded sequence already selected by the encoded sequence selection unit and the first encoded sequence;
A second concatenation unit that concatenates the encoded sequence already selected by the encoded sequence selection unit and the second encoded sequence;
Have
The encoded sequence selection unit sets the sequence connected by the first concatenation unit as a new first encoded sequence, and sets the sequence concatenated by the second concatenation unit as a new second encoded sequence, 6. The encoding apparatus according to claim 5, wherein one of the new encoded sequences is selected. A first addition unit for adding a first determination bit to any part of the first encoded sequence output from the run length limited encoding unit;
A second adding unit that adds a second determination bit obtained by bit-inverting the first determination bit to any part of the second encoded sequence output from the signal processing unit;
The encoding device according to claim 1, further comprising: The encoded sequence selection unit includes:
A first ratio calculating unit that calculates a ratio between a bit indicating 0 and a bit indicating 1 among a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence;
Of the plurality of bits included in the second encoded sequence, a second ratio calculation unit that calculates a ratio between a bit indicating 0 and a bit indicating 1; and a ratio calculated by the first ratio calculation unit; A selection output unit that selects and outputs an encoded sequence corresponding to a ratio closer to 50% of the ratios calculated by the second ratio calculation unit;
The encoding apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the encoding apparatus includes: The encoded sequence selection unit includes:
A first summing unit that sums a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence to generate a first summed value;
A second summation unit that sums a plurality of bits included in the second encoded sequence to generate a second summed value;
The first encoded sequence and the second encoding are compared by comparing the absolute value of the first combined value generated by the first adding unit and the absolute value of the second combined value generated by the second adding unit. An encoded sequence detector for detecting an encoded sequence corresponding to the smaller sum of the sequences;
A selection output unit that selects and outputs the encoded sequence detected by the sequence detection unit from the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence;
The encoding apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the encoding apparatus includes: The encoded sequence selection unit includes:
A first moving addition unit that generates the same number of first moving addition values as the plurality of bits by moving and adding a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence;
A first maximum value detection unit that detects a maximum value among the plurality of first movement addition values generated by the first movement addition unit;
A second moving addition unit that generates the same number of second moving addition values as the plurality of bits by moving and adding a plurality of bits included in the second encoded sequence;
A second maximum value detection unit for detecting a maximum value among the plurality of second movement addition values generated by the second movement addition unit;
Comparing the maximum value detected by the first maximum value detection unit with the maximum value detected by the second maximum value detection unit, the smaller one of the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence An encoded sequence detector that detects an encoded sequence corresponding to the maximum value of
A selection output unit that selects and outputs the encoded sequence detected by the sequence detection unit from the first encoded sequence and the second encoded sequence;
The encoding apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the encoding apparatus includes: An input unit for inputting an encoded sequence to which a predetermined determination bit is added;
A determination bit acquisition unit that acquires the predetermined determination bit added to the encoded sequence input by the input unit;
The encoded sequence input by the input unit is subjected to bit inversion for each of a plurality of bits included in the encoded sequence in accordance with the determination bit acquired by the determination bit acquisition unit, and becomes a decoding target. A signal processing unit that executes any one of a process of outputting a signal sequence, or a process of outputting the encoded sequence as a signal sequence to be decoded as it is,
A run-length limited decoding unit that generates a digital signal sequence by performing run-length limited decoding on a signal sequence to be decoded output by the signal processing unit;
A decoding apparatus comprising: A signal processing apparatus comprising an encoding unit and a decoding unit,
The encoding unit includes:
A run-length limited encoding unit that generates a first encoded sequence by performing run-length limited encoding on the digital signal sequence;
A signal processing unit that performs a bit inversion process on each of a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence to generate a second encoded sequence;
A first addition unit for adding a first determination bit to any part of the first encoded sequence output from the run length limited encoding unit;
A second adding unit that adds a second determination bit obtained by bit-inverting the first determination bit to any part of the second encoded sequence output from the signal processing unit;
One of the first encoded sequence to which the first determination bit is added by the first addition unit and the second encoded sequence to which the second determination bit is added by the second addition unit is selected. A direct current component removal encoding unit that outputs
And the decoding unit includes:
An input unit for inputting an encoded sequence to which either the first determination bit or the second determination bit is added;
A determination bit acquisition unit for acquiring a determination bit added to the encoded sequence input by the input unit;
The encoded sequence input by the input unit is subjected to bit inversion for each of a plurality of bits included in the digital signal sequence in accordance with the determination bit acquired by the determination bit acquisition unit, and becomes a decoding target. A signal processing unit that executes any one of a process of outputting a signal sequence, or a process of outputting the encoded sequence as a signal sequence to be decoded as it is,
A run-length limited decoding unit that generates a digital signal sequence by performing run-length limited decoding on a signal sequence to be decoded output by the signal processing unit;
A signal processing apparatus comprising: A signal storage system comprising a write channel for writing data to a storage device and a read channel for reading data stored in the storage device,
The light channel is
A first encoding unit for run-length encoding data;
A second encoding unit that encodes the data encoded by the first encoding unit using a low-density parity check code;
A writing unit for writing the data encoded by the second encoding unit to a storage device;
With
The lead channel is
An input unit for inputting an analog signal output from the storage device;
An analog-to-digital converter that converts the analog signal input from the input unit into a digital signal and outputs the digital signal;
A soft output detector that calculates the likelihood of the digital signal output from the analog-digital converter and outputs a soft decision value;
A first decoding unit corresponding to a second encoding unit for decoding the data output from the soft output detection unit;
A second decoding unit corresponding to the first encoding unit, which decodes the data decoded by the first decoding unit;
With
The first encoding unit includes:
A run-length limited encoding unit that generates a first encoded sequence by performing run-length limited encoding on the digital signal sequence;
A signal processing unit that performs a bit inversion process on each of a plurality of bits included in the first encoded sequence to generate a second encoded sequence;
A first addition unit for adding a first determination bit to any part of the first encoded sequence output from the run length limited encoding unit;
A second adding unit that adds a second determination bit obtained by bit-inverting the first determination bit to any part of the second encoded sequence output from the signal processing unit;
One of the first encoded sequence to which the first determination bit is added by the first addition unit and the second encoded sequence to which the second determination bit is added by the second addition unit is selected. A direct current component removal encoding unit that outputs
Have
The second decoding unit includes:
An input unit for inputting an encoded sequence to which either the first determination bit or the second determination bit is added;
A determination bit acquisition unit that acquires a determination bit added to the encoded sequence input by the input unit;
The encoded sequence input by the input unit is subjected to bit inversion for each of a plurality of bits included in the digital signal sequence in accordance with the determination bit acquired by the determination bit acquisition unit, and becomes a decoding target. A signal processing unit that executes any one of a process of outputting a signal sequence, or a process of outputting the encoded sequence as a signal sequence to be decoded as it is,
A run-length limited decoding unit that generates a digital signal sequence by performing run-length limited decoding on a signal sequence to be decoded output by the signal processing unit;
A storage system comprising: The storage system of claim 13, wherein the storage system further comprises:
A storage device for storing data;
A control unit for controlling writing to the storage device and reading from the storage device;
Have
The read channel reads data stored in the storage device according to an instruction from the control unit,
The storage system, wherein the write channel writes encoded data into the storage device in accordance with an instruction from the control unit.   2. The encoding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the apparatus is integrated on a single semiconductor substrate.

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