JP2007198161A - Steam turbine and rankine cycle using it - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To compact a steam turbine by preventing the diameter of the disk thereof from increasing by increasing the efficiency of the steam turbine by increasing the viscous force and adhesive force of steam. <P>SOLUTION: This steam turbine comprises rotors 3 rotated by the steam 2 jetted from a nozzle 1, impulsive surfaces 6 formed by tilting the peripheral walls 5 of the rotors 3 relative to a rotating shaft 4, a rotor unit 11 fixed to the rotating shaft 4 with gaps 7 formed between the rotors when the rotors are installed, exhaust ports 9 for the steam 2 formed in the rotors 3 around the rotating shaft 4, and a casing 13 so forming the nozzle 1 and the rotor unit 11 as to discharge the steam 2 from the exhaust ports 9 through the gaps 7. Since the steam jetting from the nozzle moves along the impulsive surfaces of the rotors increased in surface area and stagnates thereon for a long time, the viscous force and the adhesive force of the steam are increased and the torque given to the rotating shaft of the rotors is increased. Consequently, the steam turbine can be compacted by increasing the efficiency to prevent the diameter of the turbine from being increased. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a steam turbine of a Rankine system using solar heat.

Conventionally, in this type of steam turbine, steam flows from the outer periphery toward the shaft through a flat disk, which is densely attached to the output shaft at narrow intervals, and the disk is rotated by the viscous force and adhesion force of the steam. I have to. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1). There is also a Tesla turbine that uses only a viscosity using a flat disk.
JP 2002-174166 A

    However, in the prior art, a simple shape is formed by stacking a large number of planar disks substantially perpendicular to the output shaft, but the disk surface area is increased in order to take advantage of the viscous and adhesive forces of steam. As a result, there is a problem that the diameter of the disk increases.

  The present invention solves the above-described conventional problems, and the surface area can be increased without changing the rotor diameter, so that the steam viscosity and adhesion are increased to improve the efficiency of the steam turbine and achieve compactness. For the purpose.

  In order to solve the above-described conventional problems, a steam turbine according to the present invention includes a nozzle that ejects steam, a rotor that is rotated by the steam ejected from the nozzle, and a peripheral wall of the rotor that is inclined with respect to the rotation axis. An impingement surface, a rotor unit fixed on the rotating shaft through a gap between the rotors when the rotor is overlapped, and a plurality of steam discharge ports provided around the rotating shaft of the rotor The casing comprises a nozzle and a rotor unit so that the steam passes through the gap and is discharged from the discharge port.

  With this steam turbine, the steam ejected from the nozzle moves along the peripheral wall of the rotor and stays on the impulse surface with a large surface area for a long time, thereby utilizing the viscous force and the adhesive force to rotate the rotor to the rotating shaft. The applied torque is increased to improve efficiency.

  In the steam turbine according to the present invention, the steam ejected from the nozzle stays on the impulse surface for a long time, and the torque applied to the rotating shaft of the rotor can be increased by improving the viscosity and adhesion of the steam. It is possible to reduce the size of the steam turbine by preventing the diameter of the steam turbine from expanding.

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a nozzle that ejects steam, a rotor that is rotated by steam ejected from the nozzle, an impulse surface that is configured by inclining a peripheral wall of the rotor with respect to a rotation axis, and a plurality of the rotors are stacked. A rotor unit fixed on the rotary shaft through a gap between the rotors when combined, a steam discharge port provided around the rotary shaft of the rotor, and the steam passes through the gap and is discharged from the discharge port In this way, the nozzle and the rotor unit casing are provided, so that the steam ejected from the nozzle moves along the rotor's peripheral wall and stays on the impulse surface with a large surface area for a long time. The torque applied to the rotating shaft can be increased by rotating the rotor, improving the efficiency of the steam turbine and preventing the steam turbine from expanding in diameter. It is possible to achieve the reduction.

In the second invention, in particular, the rotor of the first invention is configured in a conical cylinder with respect to the rotation axis, so that a plurality of rotors molded in the same shape can be easily overlapped, and uniform. The assembly accuracy of the rotor unit can be improved by forming the gap.

  According to a third aspect of the invention, in particular, the rotor of the first or second aspect of the invention is provided along the peripheral wall of the rotor by providing the inner peripheral wall and / or the outer peripheral wall with a protrusion for obtaining impulse. Since the moving steam collides with the protrusions and creates the impulse to rotate the rotor, the kinetic energy of the steam can be efficiently transmitted to the rotating shaft, the steam turbine torque can be increased, and the efficiency of the steam turbine can be improved. it can.

  According to a fourth aspect of the invention, in particular, when a plurality of rotors according to any one of the first to third aspects of the present invention are used, when the steam moves along the inclined peripheral wall and is discharged from the discharge port, the converging side of the peripheral wall By configuring the passage so as to be discharged, when the steam that has moved along the peripheral wall of the rotor is discharged from the discharge port provided in the vicinity of the rotating shaft, the steam that converges toward the rotating shaft along the peripheral wall Since turbulence is suppressed and jetted out of the rotor, the kinetic energy of steam can be efficiently transmitted to the rotating shaft, the torque of the steam turbine can be increased, and the efficiency of the steam turbine can be improved.

  In the fifth invention, in particular, the nozzle according to any one of the first to fourth inventions is arranged so that steam collides with the end of the rotating rotor from the tangential direction, so that the outer peripheral end of the rotor is inclined. Since the steam collides with the impulse surface, the impulse is improved, the kinetic energy of the steam is efficiently transmitted to the rotating shaft, the torque of the steam turbine is increased, and the efficiency of the steam turbine can be improved.

  In the sixth invention, in particular, in the rotor unit of any one of the first to fifth inventions, a fixed rotor having a thickness larger than each rotor is disposed at the end of the rotor in which a plurality of rotors are stacked. The rigidity of the rotor unit can be increased to prevent deflection during rotation, and a stable torque of the rotating shaft can be obtained.

  In the seventh invention, in particular, the steam turbine according to any one of the first to sixth inventions is mounted on a solar thermal Rankine system, and a cogeneration system of power generation, hot water supply / heating can be realized.

(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a steam turbine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of the steam turbine, and FIG. 1B is a plan view taken along the line XX ′ in FIG.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a nozzle that ejects steam 2, and a plurality of rotors 3 that rotate by receiving the kinetic energy of the steam 2 ejected from the nozzle 1 are provided around a rotating shaft (output shaft) 4. ing. The vapor 2 is high-temperature chlorofluorocarbon or water vapor, or may be a gas body such as high-temperature CO2 or air. The peripheral wall 5 of the rotor 3 is provided so as to be inclined with respect to the rotating shaft 4, and the impulse surface 6 is configured by increasing the surface area. The rotor 3 is configured as a conical cup, and forms a gap 7 that is formed to have the same width when a plurality of rotors 3 are stacked on the top of the conical shape so as to penetrate the rotating shaft 4. Spacers 8 are provided between the peripheral walls 5 of the rotors 3 to form the gaps 7. The rotor 3, the rotating shaft 4 and the spacer 8 are made of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material. For example, the material is made of a metal material such as stainless steel, titanium or alumina, ceramic or glass. The rotor 3 has a thin thickness (for example, 1 mm or less) in order to reduce weight. Further, the gap 7 formed by the peripheral wall 5 is narrow (for example, 1 mm or less) so that the viscous force and the adhesion force of the steam 2 moving along the peripheral wall 5 work. In the vicinity of the rotating shaft 4 of the rotor 3, a plurality of steam discharge ports 9 are provided. The steam 2 moves from the outer periphery of the rotor 3 along the impulse surface 6 while moving in the gap 7, converges in the vicinity of the rotating shaft 4, and escapes from the rotor 3 to the outside of the rotor 3. The spacer 8 constitutes a guide for the steam 2 so that the steam 2 can efficiently escape from the discharge port 9. A plurality of fixing rotors 10 that are thicker than the respective rotors 3 are provided at both ends of the rotor 3 and the spacer 8 that are overlapped. When the fixing rotor 10 and the rotating shaft 4 are fixed, the rotor 3 and the spacers are fixed. The rotor unit 11 is configured by tightening 8 to increase the rigidity of the rotor unit 11 and prevent the rotor unit 11 from being bent. When the rotor unit 11 is configured, a plurality of discharge ports 9 provided in each rotor 3 are provided so as to communicate coaxially.
A plurality of discharge ports 12 communicating with the discharge ports 9 are provided on one side of the fixing rotor 10 (the side where the inclination of the peripheral wall 5 of the rotor 3 converges). The other of the fixing rotors 10 is not provided with a discharge port 12 so as to prevent the steam 2 from flowing out.

  The nozzle 1 is provided so that the steam 2 is ejected substantially perpendicularly to the rotating shaft 4 and collides with the outer peripheral portion of the peripheral wall 5 of the rotor 3 from the tangential direction. The nozzle 1 has a single hole (can be round or slit) to eject the steam 2 toward the entire outer periphery of the rotor 3 or a plurality of nozzles 1 to eject the steam 2 into each of the gaps 5 between the rotors 3. Is provided. From the nozzle 1, the vapor | steam 2 is ejected at sound speed. As the shape of the nozzle 1, a single-hole nozzle, a tapered nozzle, a divergent nozzle, or the like used in an ordinary steam turbine is used. The nozzle 1 also has a diffuser portion configured to gradually increase the inner diameter from the throat to the downstream in order to accelerate the flow velocity of the steam 2 from the sonic speed to the supersonic speed.

  A casing 13 is provided so as to prevent the steam 2 from leaking outside while covering the periphery of the nozzle 1, the rotating shaft 4 and the rotor unit 11. The gap 14 between the rotor unit 11 and the casing 13 is managed at such an interval that the steam 2 does not flow due to a short circuit. In the casing 13, bearings 15 for supporting the rotation of the rotating shaft 4 are provided at both ends of the rotating shaft 4. The bearing 15 uses a seal bearing or a non-contact fluid bearing. The components stored in the casing 13 constitute a steam turbine 16. The material of the casing 13 is composed of a heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant material like the rotor 3, and the material is composed of a metal material such as stainless steel, titanium, alumina, or ceramic, for example. Further, an annular discharge passage 18 through which the steam 2 discharged from the discharge port 9 of the rotor 3 and the discharge port 12 of the fixing rotor 10 flows is provided on the side of the casing 13 where the rotor unit 11 converges on the rotating shaft 4. . A discharge pipe 19 is provided in a part of the discharge passage 18 to take out the steam 2 after rotating the steam turbine 16 and send it again to the means for heating the steam 2.

  A generator 17 that generates electric power by receiving the rotation of the rotating shaft 4 is provided outside the bearing 15 for the rotating shaft 4 of the steam turbine 16. For example, an outer rotor type three-phase AC generator is used as the generator, and this AC output is subjected to current control by an inverter (not shown) after full-wave rectification so as to obtain a stable current. Yes.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a Rankine cycle using a steam turbine. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 20 denotes a heat collector that receives and recovers solar heat. In order to transmit the heat of the heat collector 20 to the heat storage tank 21, A circuit 23 (closed circuit) provided with a circulation pump 22 is provided.
The heat collector 20 is constituted by a tubular heat collector, a vacuum glass tube heat collector, a heat pipe heat collector, or the like. The heat medium 24 circulating in the circuit 23 is made of a liquid such as Freon or water. (The heat medium 24 may use CO2 or liquid air in a supercritical state.) The heat medium 24 is heated by the heat collector 20 to be vaporized and sent to the heat storage tank 21, where it is condensed by exchanging heat. It becomes liquid. The heat medium 24 is sent again to the heat collector 20 by the circulation pump 22. By repeating this operation, heat is stored in the heat storage tank 21. The heat storage tank 21 uses a latent heat type using a phase change of a molten salt having a high melting point, a sensible heat type using a molten salt, oil, or the like, or a steam accumulator that stores steam in the form of pressure water or the like. I try to store high temperature heat. 25 is a supply pump for supplying the steam 2 of the heat medium 26 formed by using the heat of the heat storage tank 21 to the nozzle 1 of the steam turbine 16. The heat medium 26 discharged from the steam turbine 16 is returned to the heat storage tank 21 again. It is provided in the middle of the sending circuit 27 (closed circuit). The heat medium 26 circulating in the circuit 27 is composed of a liquid such as chlorofluorocarbon or water and its vapor. (The heat medium 26 may use CO2 or liquid air in a supercritical state.) A hot water storage tank 28 is provided in the middle of the steam turbine 16 and the supply pump 25 in the circuit 27 to give kinetic energy to the steam turbine 16. Hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 28 using the heat of the high-temperature steam 2 after that. The heat medium 26 condenses into a liquid when transferring heat to the hot water storage tank 28, and is sent again to the heat storage tank 21 to be heated to form the vapor 2. By repeating this operation, hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 28 while power is generated by the generator 17 provided in the steam turbine 16. Hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 28 is supplied by the water supply pump 29 for hot water supply or heating.

  About the Rankine cycle using the steam turbine comprised as mentioned above, the operation | movement and an effect | action are demonstrated below. First, in order to form the steam 2 to be supplied to the nozzle 1 of the steam turbine 16, the circulation pump 22 is operated, the heat medium 24 is circulated in the circuit 23, and is heated by the heat collector 20 that receives the heat of the sun. Then, high-temperature steam (or a liquid or a mixture of steam and liquid) is formed and sent to the heat storage tank 21. The heat storage tank 21 receives this steam and accumulates an amount of heat of about 200 ° C. The vapor of the heat medium 24 is condensed into a liquid in the heat storage tank 21 and is sent again to the heat collector 20 by the circulation pump 22 to be heated. This operation is repeated while solar heat can be supplied, so that the necessary amount of heat is maintained in the heat storage tank 21.

When a predetermined amount of heat is accumulated in the heat storage tank 21, the heat medium 26 is circulated by the supply pump 25 provided in the circuit 27 to form the steam 2 of the heat medium 26 at about 200 ° C. in the heat storage tank 21. It ejects from the nozzle 1. The steam 2 ejected from the nozzle 1 has sonic kinetic energy and impinges on the inside of the gap 7 formed between the rotors 3 while colliding with the impulse surface 6 formed on the peripheral wall 5 of the rotor 3 of the steam turbine 16. Rotating along the surface 6, it is discharged from a discharge port 9 provided around the rotating shaft 4. At this time, the rotor unit 11 is rotated by the viscosity force or adhesion force of the steam 2 and is transmitted as torque of the rotating shaft 4. The generator 17 is rotated using the torque of the rotating shaft 4 to generate power. The steam 2 of the heat medium 26 discharged from the steam turbine 16 is sent to the hot water storage tank 28 to exchange heat with water, and the heat is stored in the hot water storage tank 28 as hot water. The steam 2 condenses in the hot water storage tank 28, becomes a liquid, is sent to the heat storage tank 21 by the supply pump 25, and is heated again to form the steam 2.
By repeating this operation, hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 28 while generating electricity with the steam turbine 16, and when the hot water supply or heating is necessary, the water supply pump 29 is operated to use the hot water so as to constitute a cogeneration system. I have to.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the nozzle 1 that ejects the steam 2 of the heat medium 26, the rotor 3 that is rotated by the steam 2 that is ejected from the nozzle 1, and the peripheral wall 5 of the rotor are the rotating shaft 4. Since the impulse surface 6 is provided so as to be inclined, the vapor 2 ejected from the nozzle 1 moves along the impulse surface 6 and stays on the impulse surface 6 having a large surface area for a long time, making use of viscous force and adhesive force. Thus, the torque applied to the rotating shaft 4 is increased by rotating the rotor 3, the efficiency of the steam turbine 16 is improved, the diameter of the rotor 3 is prevented from increasing, and the steam turbine 16 can be made compact.

  Further, the steam 2 ejected from the nozzle 1 stays on the impulse surface 6 for a long time, increases the viscous force and the adhesion force, and increases the torque applied to the rotating shaft 4, so that the power generation amount of the generator 17 can be increased. .

  In addition, an independent circuit 23 for collecting heat can be configured so that solar heat obtained by the heat collector 20 can be stored and maintained in the heat storage tank 21 at all times regardless of the operation of the steam turbine 16, so that power generation is necessary. The steam 2 required by the steam turbine 16 can be taken out at any time.

  Further, since the hot water storage tank 28 is provided in the middle of the circuit 27, it is possible to store the heat of the heat storage tank 21 as hot water in the hot water storage tank 28 regardless of power generation, so that hot water necessary for hot water supply or heating can be taken out at any time. .

  Further, when the maximum power generation amount is increased, it is possible to increase the number of rotors 3 to be overlapped, and since there is no addition of a complicated shape, an increase in cost can be suppressed.

  Further, since the steam 2 ejected from the nozzle 1 stays on the impulse surface 6 for a long time and increases the viscosity force and the adhesion force to increase the torque applied to the rotating shaft 4, the steam operating at a low temperature (about 200 ° C.). The turbine 16 can be realized.

  Moreover, since the steam 2 is formed using solar heat, and is ejected from the nozzle 1 to rotate the rotor unit 11 to generate electric power, it can be an effective means for reducing CO2.

  Next, the point that the rotor is configured in a conical cylinder with respect to the rotation axis will be described. In FIG. 1, the rotor 3 is formed in a conical cylinder when the peripheral wall 5 is inclined with respect to the rotation shaft 4. The rotor 3 is formed with high accuracy by pressing.

    About the steam turbine comprised as mentioned above, the operation | movement and an effect | action are demonstrated below. The steam 2 ejected from the nozzle 1 has sonic kinetic energy, and collides with the conical impulse surface 6 formed on the peripheral wall 5 of the rotor 3 of the steam turbine 16, while forming a uniform gap formed between the rotors 3. 7 is rotated along the impulse surface 6 and discharged from a discharge port 9 provided around the rotary shaft 4. At this time, the turbulent flow line of the steam 2 is less disturbed by the conical impulse surface 6, and gradually converges while rotating, improving the viscosity force and adhesion force of the steam 2 and transmitting it as the torque of the rotating shaft 4. I have to.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, a plurality of rotors 3 molded in the same shape can be easily stacked on the same axis of the rotating shaft 4, and the assembly accuracy of the rotor unit 11 can be achieved by forming a uniform gap 7. Can be improved.

  Further, by configuring the conical impulse surface 6, the disturbance of the flow of the steam 2 can be reduced, the torque of the rotating shaft 4 can be increased, and the efficiency of the steam turbine 16 can be improved.

  Next, a description will be given of the point that the rotor is configured to have a passage so that when the plurality of rotors are stacked, the steam moves along the inclined peripheral wall and is discharged to the converging side of the peripheral wall when discharged from the discharge port. In FIG. 1, the rotor 3 forms a passage so that when a plurality of the rotors 3 are overlapped, the steam 2 moves along the inclined peripheral wall 5 and is discharged from the discharge port 9 to the converging side of the peripheral wall 5. Yes.

About the steam turbine comprised as mentioned above, the operation | movement and an effect | action are demonstrated below.
The steam 2 ejected from the nozzle 1 has sonic kinetic energy and impinges on the inside of the gap 7 formed between the rotors 3 while colliding with the impulse surface 6 formed on the peripheral wall 5 of the rotor 3 of the steam turbine 16. Rotating along the surface 6, it is discharged from a discharge port 9 provided around the rotating shaft 4. At this time, the steam 2 flows in a direction gradually converging toward the rotating shaft 4 along the inclined peripheral wall 5, thereby suppressing the disturbance of the flow of the steam 2 and improving the viscous force and the adhesive force, and rotating. The torque of the shaft 4 is increased.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, when the steam 2 that has moved along the peripheral wall 5 of the rotor 3 is discharged from the discharge port 9 provided in the vicinity of the rotation shaft 4, it converges toward the rotation shaft 4. Since the turbulence of the flow of the steam 2 is suppressed and jetted out of the rotor 3, the kinetic energy of the steam 2 can be efficiently transmitted to the rotating shaft 4, the torque of the steam turbine 16 can be increased, and the efficiency of the steam turbine 16 can be increased. Can be improved.

  Next, a description will be given of the point that the nozzle is disposed so that the vapor collides with the end of the rotating rotor from the tangential direction. In FIG. 1, the nozzle 1 is disposed so that the vapor 2 collides with the end of the rotating rotor 3 from the tangential direction. The nozzle 1 has a single hole (can be round or slit) to eject the steam 2 toward the entire outer periphery of the rotor 3 or a plurality of nozzles 1 to eject the steam 2 into each of the gaps 5 between the rotors 3. Is provided.

  About the combustion apparatus 5 comprised as mentioned above, the operation | movement and an effect | action are demonstrated below. The steam 2 ejected from the nozzle 1 has sonic kinetic energy, and is urged from the tangential direction of the outer periphery of the rotor 3 substantially perpendicular to the rotating shaft 4 with respect to the impulse surface 6 formed on the peripheral wall 5 of the rotor 3 of the steam turbine 16. It collides with the surface 6. The steam 2 rotates inside the gap 7 formed between the rotors 3 along the impulse surface 6 and is discharged from a discharge port 9 provided around the rotation shaft 4.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, since the steam 2 collides with the inclined impulse surface 6 at the outer peripheral end of the rotor 3, the impulse is improved and the kinetic energy of the steam 2 is efficiently transmitted to the rotating shaft 4. The torque of the steam turbine 16 can be increased, and the efficiency of the steam turbine 16 can be improved.

  Next, the rotor unit will be described in that a fixed rotor having a thickness greater than that of each rotor is disposed at the end of the rotor in which a plurality of rotors are overlapped. In FIG. 1, the rotor unit 11 includes a fixed rotor 10 that is thicker than each rotor at the end of the rotor 3 in which a plurality of rotors 3 are overlapped. The rotor unit 11 is fixed by tightening the rotor 3 and the spacer 8 when the fixing rotor 10 and the rotating shaft 4 are fixed to constitute the rotor unit 11.

  About the steam turbine comprised as mentioned above, the operation | movement and an effect | action are demonstrated below.

  When the plurality of rotors 3 and the spacers 8 constituting the gaps 7 are overlapped, the position where the plurality of discharge ports 9 provided in each rotor 3 communicate with the guide position of the steam 2 by the spacers 8 is matched, and the fixed rotor 10 is fixed. It arrange | positions at both ends, and it is trying to tighten the rotating shaft 4 by screwing.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the rigidity of the rotor unit 11 can be increased to prevent deflection during rotation, and a stable torque of the rotating shaft 4 can be obtained.

  In order to prevent displacement of the rotor 3 and the spacer 8 during rotation, a plurality of pins can be inserted into the middle portion of the peripheral wall 5 to fix the plurality of rotors 3 and the spacer 8 together.

  In order to prevent displacement of the rotor 3 or the spacer 8 during rotation, a protrusion or groove is formed on the rotating shaft 4, and the protrusion or groove is formed and tightened on the insertion portion of the rotating shaft 4 of the rotor 3 or spacer 8. Is also possible.

(Embodiment 2)
FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the rotor of the steam turbine in the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3A is a side view of the rotor in the scroll steam turbine, and FIG. 3B is a plan view of the rotor of the scroll steam turbine. FIG. 3C is a side view of the rotor of the turbofan blade-shaped steam turbine, and FIG. 3D is a plan view of the rotor of the turbofan blade-shaped steam turbine.

  In FIG. 3, the rotor 3 is provided with a protrusion 30 for obtaining an impulse on both or one of the inner peripheral wall and the outer peripheral wall. The end of the protrusion 30 is configured to contact the adjacent rotor 3 so that the steam 2 does not escape from the middle of the protrusion 30 and the flow of the steam 2 is not disturbed. The protrusions 30 are configured such that the protrusions 30 are attached to the peripheral wall 5 or spacers (8 in FIG. 1) are formed in the shape of the protrusions 30 and sandwiched between the rotors 3.

  About the steam turbine comprised as mentioned above, the operation | movement and an effect | action are demonstrated below. The steam 2 ejected from the nozzle 1 has sonic kinetic energy, and collides with a conical impulse surface 6 formed on the peripheral wall 5 of the rotor 3 of the steam turbine 16, while forming a uniform gap formed between the rotors 3. 7 is rotated along the impulse surface 6 and discharged from a discharge port 9 provided around the rotary shaft 4. At this time, when the steam 2 moves along the spiral projections 30 provided on the peripheral wall 5, it obtains impulses by the projections 30 together with the impulse surfaces 6 and transmits them to the rotating shaft 4 as rotational torque. Yes.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the steam 2 moving along the peripheral wall 5 of the rotor 3 collides with the protrusion 30 and further generates an impulse for rotating the rotor 3, so that the kinetic energy of the steam 2 is reduced. The torque of the steam turbine 16 can be efficiently transmitted to the rotating shaft 4 and the efficiency of the steam turbine 16 can be improved.

  Note that the protrusion 30 is configured as one continuous scroll on the rotor peripheral wall 5 as shown in (a) and (b), or like a turbofan blade as shown in (c) and (d). It is also possible to provide the peripheral wall 5 so as to be divided.

  Note that the shape of the protrusion 30 in the vicinity of the rotating shaft 4 is configured so that the steam 2 can easily escape from the discharge port 9, but the structure may also generate reaction force and increase the torque of the steam turbine 16. Is possible.

(Embodiment 3)
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the steam turbine and the solar thermal Rankine system of the present invention. In FIG. 2, the nozzle 1 can supply a steam 2 formed by solar heat, so that a solar thermal Rankine system can be performed, and a cogeneration system of power generation and hot water supply / heating can be realized.

  About the combustion apparatus 5 comprised as mentioned above, the operation | movement and an effect | action are demonstrated below. When the solar heat can be received, the circulation pump 22 is operated, the heat medium 24 is circulated in the circuit 23, heated by the heat collector 20 receiving the heat of the sun, and sent to the heat storage tank 21 as high-temperature steam to store the heat. The tank 21 receives this vapor and accumulates an amount of heat of about 200 ° C. The vapor of the heat medium 24 is condensed into a liquid in the heat storage tank 21 and is sent again to the heat collector 20 by the circulation pump 22 to be heated. When a predetermined amount of heat is accumulated in the heat storage tank 21, the supply medium 25 provided in the circuit 27 circulates the heat medium 26 to form the steam 2 of the heat medium 26 at about 200 ° C. in the heat storage tank 21. It ejects from the nozzle 1. The steam 2 ejected from the nozzle 1 has sonic kinetic energy and rotates inside the gap 7 formed between the rotors 3 while colliding with the impulse surface 6 of the rotor 3 of the steam turbine 16. Is discharged from a discharge port 9 provided around the. At this time, the rotor unit 11 is rotated by the viscosity force or adhesion force of the steam 2, and the generator 17 is rotated using the torque of the rotating shaft 4 to generate power. The steam 2 of the heat medium 26 discharged from the steam turbine 16 is sent to the hot water storage tank 28 to exchange heat with water, and the heat is stored in the hot water storage tank 28 as hot water. The steam 2 condenses in the hot water storage tank 28, becomes a liquid, is sent to the heat storage tank 21 by the supply pump 25, and is heated again to form the steam 2. Hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 28 while generating electricity with the steam turbine 16, and the hot water pump 29 is operated to use hot water when hot water supply or heating is required.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the steam turbine 16 can be mounted on the solar thermal Rankine system to realize a cogeneration system for power generation, hot water supply, and heating. And effective means for CO2 reduction can be obtained.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the steam 2 of the heat medium 24 formed by the heat collector 20 is directly sent from the circulation pump 22 to the steam turbine 16 by a circuit 23 (closed circuit), and the steam turbine 16 is rotated to generate a generator. It is also possible to generate power according to FIG. A hot water storage tank 28 is provided in the middle of the steam turbine 16 and the circulation pump 22 in the circuit 23, and hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 28 using the heat of the high temperature steam 2 after giving kinetic energy to the steam turbine 16. It is also possible. The heat medium 24 condenses into a liquid when transferring heat to the hot water storage tank 28, and is sent again to the heat collector 20 to be heated to form the vapor 2. By repeating this operation, hot water is stored in the hot water storage tank 28 while generating power by the generator 17 provided in the steam turbine 16. Hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 28 is supplied by the water supply pump 29 for hot water supply or heating.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the steam 2 of the heat medium 24 formed by the heat collector 20 is directly sent from the circulation pump 22 to the steam turbine 16 by a circuit 23 (closed circuit), and the steam turbine 16 is rotated to generate a generator. It is also possible to perform only power generation by 17.

  As described above, since the steam turbine according to the present invention can operate the steam turbine using solar heat with low energy density, it can be applied to exhaust heat recovery of automobiles and fuel cells.

Configuration diagram of steam turbine of the present invention Configuration diagram of steam turbine and solar thermal Rankine system of the present invention Configuration diagram of rotor of steam turbine of the present invention Configuration diagram of another steam turbine and solar thermal Rankine system in an embodiment of the present invention Configuration diagram of another steam turbine and solar thermal Rankine system in an embodiment of the present invention

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Nozzle 2 Steam 3 Rotor 4 Rotating shaft 5 Circumferential wall 6 Impulse surface 7 Gap 9 Discharge port 11 Rotor unit 13 Casing 16 Steam turbine 17 Generator

Claims (7)

A nozzle that ejects steam, a rotor that is rotated by the steam ejected from the nozzle, an impulse surface that is configured by inclining a peripheral wall of the rotor with respect to the rotation axis, and a plurality of the rotors are stacked between the rotors. A rotor unit fixed on the rotary shaft through a gap; a steam outlet provided around the rotary shaft of the rotor; and a nozzle and a rotor unit so that the steam passes through the gap and is discharged from the outlet. A steam turbine having a casing. The steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein the rotor is configured as a conical cylinder with respect to the rotation shaft. 3. The steam turbine according to claim 1, wherein the rotor is provided with a protrusion for obtaining impulse on either or either of the inner peripheral wall and the outer peripheral wall. 4. The rotor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the rotor is configured to have a passage so that when the plurality of rotors are stacked, the steam moves along the inclined peripheral wall and is discharged to the converging side of the peripheral wall when discharged from the discharge port. The described steam turbine. The steam turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the nozzle is disposed so that the steam collides with an end portion of the rotating rotor from a tangential direction. The steam turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the rotor unit has a fixed rotor that is thicker than each rotor disposed at an end portion of the rotor in which a plurality of rotors are overlapped. A Rankine system using the steam turbine according to claim 1.

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