JP2007197337A - Pollutive organism-controlling agent - Google Patents
Pollutive organism-controlling agent Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007197337A JP2007197337A JP2006015164A JP2006015164A JP2007197337A JP 2007197337 A JP2007197337 A JP 2007197337A JP 2006015164 A JP2006015164 A JP 2006015164A JP 2006015164 A JP2006015164 A JP 2006015164A JP 2007197337 A JP2007197337 A JP 2007197337A
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Abstract
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本発明は、汚損生物駆除素剤に係り、特にバラスト水やその他の溶液中に棲息する微生物や細菌類からなる汚損生物を駆除するのに好適な汚損生物駆除素剤に関する。 The present invention relates to a fouling biocontrol agent, and more particularly to a fouling biocontrol agent suitable for controlling fouling organisms composed of microorganisms and bacteria that inhabit ballast water and other solutions.
一般に、大型船舶等の航行の安全のために用いられているバラスト水中には海洋汚染の元凶となる微生物や細菌類からなる汚損生物が棲息している。 In general, in the ballast water used for the safety of navigation of large ships and the like, fouling organisms composed of microorganisms and bacteria that cause marine pollution are inhabited.
このバラスト水による海洋汚染を防止するために、国際海事機関（ＩＭＯ）においては、バラスト水管理条約を締結するととものに、バラスト水排出基準（Ｄ−２基準）として船外に排出されるバラスト水中に含有される汚損生物の含有量を規制している。具体的には、汚損生物として、最小寸法が５０μｍ以上の水性生物（主として動物性プランクトン）や最小寸法１０μｍ以上５０μｍ未満の水性生物（主として植物性プランクトン）からなる微生物と、病毒性コレラ菌（Ｏ−１、Ｏ−１３９）、大腸菌、腸球菌からなる細菌類とに分類し、それぞれの船外排出基準を定めている。最小寸法が５０μｍ以上の水性生物（主として動物性プランクトン）および最小寸法１０μｍ以上５０μｍ未満の水性生物（主として植物性プランクトン）からなる微生物の船外排出基準は１０個／ｍ３未満、病毒性コレラ菌（Ｏ−１、Ｏ−１３９）の船外排出基準は１ｃｆｕ／１００ｍｌ未満、大腸菌の船外排出基準は２５０ｃｆｕ／１００ｍｌ未満、腸球菌の船外排出基準は１００ｃｆｕ／１００ｍｌ未満とされている。ここでｃｆｕとは、群体形成単位(colony forming unit)である。 In order to prevent marine pollution caused by this ballast water, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has concluded a ballast water management convention and ballast discharged to the outside of the ship as a ballast water discharge standard (D-2 standard). Regulates the content of fouling organisms contained in water. Specifically, microorganisms composed of aquatic organisms having a minimum dimension of 50 μm or more (mainly zooplankton) or aquatic organisms having a minimum dimension of 10 μm or more and less than 50 μm (mainly phytoplankton), and pathogenic Vibrio cholerae (O -1, O-139), bacteria consisting of Escherichia coli and enterococci, and the respective outboard discharge standards are defined. The outboard discharge standard of microorganisms composed of aquatic organisms having a minimum dimension of 50 μm or more (mainly zooplankton) and aquatic organisms having a minimum dimension of 10 μm or more and less than 50 μm (mainly phytoplankton) is less than 10 / m 3 , pathogenic Vibrio cholerae The outboard discharge standard for (O-1, O-139) is less than 1 cfu / 100 ml, the outboard discharge standard for E. coli is less than 250 cfu / 100 ml, and the outboard discharge standard for enterococci is less than 100 cfu / 100 ml. Here, cfu is a colony forming unit.
前記の動物性プランクトンや植物性プランクトンからなる微生物には赤潮やアオコを発生させる生物としての渦鞍毛藻類やケイ藻が含まれている。この渦鞭毛藻類には、ヘテロカプサ・トリケタラ(Heterocapsa triquetara)、シャトネラ・マリナ(Chattonella marina)、ギムノデニウム・ミキモトイ(Gymnodinium mikimotoi)、ヘテロシグマ・アカシオ(Heterosigma akashio)などの有毒プランクトンが知られている。 Microorganisms composed of zooplankton and phytoplankton include dinoflagellates and diatoms as organisms that generate red tides and blue-tailed sea urchins. This dinoflagellate is known to be a toxic plankton such as Heterocapsa triquetara, Chattonella marina, Gymnodinium mikimotoi, Heterosigma akashio.
このようなプランクトンが大量に増殖すると赤潮となり、養殖場の魚や貝が大量に斃死する。 When such a large amount of plankton grows, it becomes red tide, and a large amount of fish and shellfish in the farm are drowned.
このようなバラスト水による汚染防止や、海洋汚染防止のために、従来においては、例えば特許文献１に示すように、複数の電極を直列に配置した処理領域に、有毒プランクトンを通過させながら、各電極を介して通電し、電気的ショックを与えてことが提案されていた。
In order to prevent such pollution caused by ballast water and marine pollution, conventionally, for example, as shown in
しかしながら、前記公報記載の従来例においては、装置が大型となり、コストが非常に高いという不都合があった。また、汚損生物を駆除する薬品を用いた場合には、薬品による海洋汚染が発生したり、コスト高となるという不都合があった。 However, the conventional example described in the above publication has the disadvantage that the apparatus is large and the cost is very high. In addition, when a chemical that eliminates fouling organisms is used, there is a problem that marine pollution due to the chemical occurs or the cost increases.
本発明はこれらの点に鑑みてなされたものであり、溶液中に棲息する汚損生物を確実に駆除することができ、海洋汚染を発生させることがなく、コストも低廉な汚損生物駆除素剤を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of these points, and it is possible to reliably remove the fouling organisms living in the solution, and to produce a fouling biological disinfectant that does not generate marine pollution and is low in cost. The purpose is to provide.
本発明者等は鋭意研究し、海水や淡水等の溶液内に飽和量の塩化ナトリウムと水酸化マグネシウムとを含有させることにより汚損生物を殺滅させて駆除することができることを本発明を完成させたものである。 The present inventors have intensively studied and completed the present invention that it is possible to kill and eliminate fouling organisms by containing saturated amounts of sodium chloride and magnesium hydroxide in a solution such as seawater and fresh water. It is a thing.
このようにしてなされた本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤は、少なくとも飽和量の塩化ナトリウムと水酸化マグネシウムとを含有する溶液であって、溶液中の汚損生物を駆除する溶液あることを特徴とする。 The fouling biocontrol element of the present invention thus made is a solution containing at least a saturated amount of sodium chloride and magnesium hydroxide, and is a solution for controlling fouling organisms in the solution. .
そして本発明によれば、溶液中に含有される飽和量の塩化ナトリウムと水酸化マグネシウムとにより溶液中の汚損生物を確実に駆除することができる。 According to the present invention, the fouling organisms in the solution can be surely removed by the saturated amounts of sodium chloride and magnesium hydroxide contained in the solution.
また、本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤においては、前記溶液を海水または淡水としたり、バラスト水とするとよい。 In the fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention, the solution may be seawater or fresh water, or ballast water.
また、本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤は、駆除する汚損生物を、赤潮またはアオコとなる微生物や、細菌類とするとよい。 In addition, in the fouling organism control agent of the present invention, the fouling organism to be controlled may be a microorganism or bacteria that becomes a red tide or a blue water.
本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤によれば、溶液中に含有される飽和量の塩化ナトリウムと水酸化マグネシウムとにより溶液中の汚損生物を確実に駆除することができ、海洋汚染を発生させることがなく、コストも低廉となるという優れた効果を奏する。 According to the fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention, the fouling organisms in the solution can be surely controlled by the saturated amounts of sodium chloride and magnesium hydroxide contained in the solution, and marine pollution can be generated. There is also an excellent effect that the cost is low.
以下、本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤の実施形態について説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention will be described.
本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤は、少なくとも飽和量の塩化ナトリウムと水酸化マグネシウムとを含有する溶液である。 The fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention is a solution containing at least a saturated amount of sodium chloride and magnesium hydroxide.
この溶液中の汚損生物を投与して所定時間を経過すると汚損生物が死滅して駆除されることを確認した。これは、溶液中に含有される飽和量の塩化ナトリウムと水酸化マグネシウムが相乗的に作用して、溶液中の汚損生物を確実に駆除するものである。 It was confirmed that the polluted organisms were killed and extinguished after a predetermined time had elapsed after administration of the fouling organisms in this solution. This is because the saturated amount of sodium chloride and magnesium hydroxide contained in the solution act synergistically to reliably remove the fouling organisms in the solution.
更に、本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤において、溶液を海水または淡水としたりバラスト水としても汚損生物を駆除することができることを確認した。 Furthermore, in the fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention, it was confirmed that fouling organisms can be controlled even when the solution is seawater or fresh water or as ballast water.
更に、本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤によれば、汚損生物である赤潮またはアオコとなる微生物や、細菌類を確実に駆除することができた。 Furthermore, according to the fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention, it was possible to reliably control the microorganisms and bacteria that become the fouling organisms, such as the red tide or the blue seaweed.
また、本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤は、汚損生物がものに付着している場合には、その付着箇所に本発明の溶液状の汚損生物駆除素剤を噴霧したり塗布したりして、汚損生物を溶液中に取り込むことによっても駆除することができる。従って、本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤の適用方法は公知の各種の方法を採用することができ、その用途は非常に広いものである。 In addition, when the fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention is attached to a fouling organism, the solution-like fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention is sprayed or applied to the attachment site, It can also be controlled by incorporating fouling organisms into the solution. Therefore, various known methods can be adopted as a method for applying the fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention, and its application is very wide.
更に、本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤には、前記公報のような特別な装置も必要とせず、利用方法も簡単であり、しかもコストも低廉なものとなる。 Furthermore, the fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention does not require a special device as described in the above publication, is easy to use, and is low in cost.
実施例１（微生物の駆除）
本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤の赤潮生物駆除効果について調べた。
Example 1 (control of microorganisms)
The red tide biocontrol effect of the fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention was examined.
＜細菌類の培養＞
赤潮藻類がもっともよく増殖する培地において赤潮生物を培養した。
<Bacteria culture>
Red tide organisms were cultured in a medium in which red tide algae grew best.
確認に用いた赤潮生物は、１）ヘテロカプサ・トリケタラ(Heterocapsa triquetara)(NIES-235)のためのＦ２培地、２）シャトネラ・マリナ(Chattonella marina)(NIES-118)、３）ギムノデニウム・ミキモトイ(Gymnodinium mikimotoi)(NI ES-6 80)、４）ヘテロシグマ・アカシオ(Heterosigma akashio)(NIES-5)であり、国立環境研究所微生物系統保存施設から購入した。 The red tide organisms used for confirmation were: 1) F2 medium for Heterocapsa triquetara (NIES-235), 2) Chattonella marina (NIES-118), 3) Gymnodinium mikimotoi) (NI ES-6 80), 4) Heterosigma akashio (NIES-5), purchased from the National Institute for Environmental Studies microbial strain storage facility.
培養に用いた培地は、国立環境研究所微生物系統保存施設が指定している１）Heterocapsa triquetara)(NIES-235)のためＦ２培地、２）Heterosigma akashio(NIES-5)と３）Chattonella marina(NIES-118)のためのｆ／２培地および４）Gymnodinium mikimotoi(NI ES-6 80)のためのＥＭＳ培地を用いた。 The medium used for the culture is designated by the National Institute for Environmental Studies, Microbial System Conservation Facility 1) F2 medium for Heterocapsa triquetara) (NIES-235), 2) Heterosigma akashio (NIES-5) and 3) Chattonella marina ( F / 2 medium for NIES-118) and 4) EMS medium for Gymnodinium mikimotoi (NI ES-6 80) were used.
培養には、まず前記の培地を三角フラスコに入れ滅菌および放冷した後、クリーンベンチ内で無菌的に前記のそれぞれの株を接種し、ただちにインキュベーター（サンヨー グロースキャビネットＭＬＲ３５０Ｔ）内に入れ、温度２０℃、照度３０μＥ／ｍ／ｓｅｃ、１２時間明・１２時間暗のサイクルで培養した。このように培養した増殖期の赤潮藻類を菌体濃度が赤潮状態といえる約３０００個／ｍｌになるまで調整して赤潮生物駆除実験に供した。 For culturing, the above medium is first placed in an Erlenmeyer flask and sterilized and allowed to cool, then aseptically inoculated with each of the above strains in a clean bench, and immediately placed in an incubator (Sanyo Growth Cabinet MLR350T) at a temperature of 20 Culturing was performed at a temperature of 30 ° C./m/sec and a cycle of 12 hours light and 12 hours dark. The red tide algae in the growth phase thus cultured were adjusted to a cell density of about 3000 cells / ml, which can be said to be a red tide state, and subjected to a red tide organism extermination experiment.
＜駆除確認＞
前記の４種の赤潮藻類の培養液１００ｍｌ内に、下記の６種の溶液を１０ｍｌ添加し、添加から０、５、１０、１５、３０、４５、６０、９０分経過後に、１ｍｌを採取し、運動細胞の数を計数した。計数には１ｍｌ用量のグリッド付き計数用スライドグラスを用いて、試料を素早く移した後、オリンパスＢＨ１ノマルスキー微分干渉光学顕微鏡の１００倍率で計数した。時間を９０分までと設定したのは、これまでの経験から赤潮現場で散布の効果が期待できるのがの６０分程度であり、それ以上は溶液が拡散するからである。
<Disinfection confirmation>
10 ml of the following 6 kinds of solutions are added to 100 ml of the culture medium of the above four kinds of red tide algae, and 1 ml is collected after 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 minutes from the addition. The number of motor cells was counted. For counting, a sample slide with a 1 ml dose grid was used, and the sample was quickly transferred, and then counted at 100 magnification of an Olympus BH1 Nomarski differential interference optical microscope. The reason for setting the time to 90 minutes is that the effect of spraying can be expected at the red tide site from the past experience, which is about 60 minutes, and the solution diffuses beyond that.
溶液の特性：
1)コントロール
ＧＦ／Ｆフィルタによる滅菌ろ過海水
2)クリア ５０ｇ／ｍ２
1)の滅菌ろ過海水に水酸化マグネシウムを５０ｇ／ｍ２となるように添加したもの
3)海水＋３％
2)のクリアの海水に塩化ナトリウム濃度を３％となるように調整したもの
4)海水＋１０％
2)のクリアの海水に塩化ナトリウム濃度を１０％となるように調整したもの
5)海水＋１５％
2)のクリアの海水に塩化ナトリウム濃度を１５％となるように調整したもの
6)飽和NaCl海水（本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤）
2)のクリアの海水に塩化ナトリウム濃度が過飽和濃度となるように調整したもの
Solution characteristics:
1) Sterilized filtered seawater with control GF / F filter
2) Clear 50g / m 2
1) Magnesium hydroxide added to sterilized filtered seawater at 50 g / m 2
3) Seawater + 3%
2) Clear seawater adjusted to a sodium chloride concentration of 3%
4) Seawater + 10%
2) Clear seawater adjusted to a sodium chloride concentration of 10%
5) Seawater + 15%
2) Clear seawater adjusted to a sodium chloride concentration of 15%
6) Saturated NaCl seawater (fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention)
2) Adjusted so that the sodium chloride concentration becomes supersaturated in the clear seawater
＜微生物数の測定結果＞
前記１）〜４）の微生物に対する各溶液の微生物の駆除機能は図１〜図４に示す通りとの結果となった。この結果より、本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤であるろ過海水に水酸化マグネシウムを５０ｇ／ｍ２となるように添加した海水に塩化ナトリウム濃度が飽和濃度となるように調整したものからなる溶液が、赤潮藻類からなる微生物を接種から５分経過後という最も早い時間に完全死滅させている。従って、本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤によれば、微生物を短時間に駆除することができることが判明した。
<Measurement result of the number of microorganisms>
The microbe extermination function of each solution with respect to the microorganisms 1) to 4) was as shown in FIGS. From this result, the solution which consists of what adjusted sodium chloride concentration to the saturation concentration to the seawater which added magnesium hydroxide to 50 g / m < 2 > to the filtered seawater which is the fouling biocontrol agent of this invention. The microorganisms consisting of red tide algae are completely killed at the earliest 5 minutes after inoculation. Therefore, it has been found that the fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention can control microorganisms in a short time.
実施例２（細菌類の駆除）
本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤の細菌の駆除状態について調べた。
Example 2 (control of bacteria)
The state of bacterial control of the fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention was examined.
＜細菌類の培養＞
汚損生物としての細菌類・培養の使用培地・培養温度を下記の４種とした。
<Bacteria culture>
Bacteria as fouling organisms, culture media used, and culture temperatures were set to the following four types.
1)細菌：エケリチカ・コリＫ１２(Echerichia coli K12)
培地：普通寒天平板培地
培養温度：３０℃
2)細菌：エンテロコッカス・フェシウム(Enterococcus faecium(NBRC 100681))
培地：ＭＲＳ寒天平板培地
培養温度：３７℃
3)細菌：エンテロコッカス・アシニ(Enterococcus asini(NBRC 100485))
培地：ＭＲＳ寒天平板培地
培養温度：３７℃
4)細菌：ビブリオ・コレラ(Vibrio chorelae(GTC 2158))
培地：ＴＣＢＳ寒天平板培地
培養温度：３７℃
1) Bacteria: Echerichia coli K12
Medium: Normal agar plate culture temperature: 30 ° C
2) Bacteria: Enterococcus faecium (NBRC 100681)
Medium: MRS agar plate culture temperature: 37 ° C
3) Bacteria: Enterococcus asini (NBRC 100485)
Medium: MRS agar plate culture temperature: 37 ° C
4) Bacteria: Vibrio chorelae (GTC 2158)
Medium: TCBS agar plate culture temperature: 37 ° C
＜駆除確認培養＞
前記の４種の細菌を下記の４種の溶液１０ｍｌ中に１００μｌ接種して、インキュベータ内で２５℃で静置培養して、細菌の駆除能力を出現させた。
<Control confirmation culture>
100 μl of the above four kinds of bacteria were inoculated into 10 ml of the following four kinds of solutions, and statically cultured at 25 ° C. in an incubator to reveal the ability to control the bacteria.
溶液の特性：
1)海
ＧＦ／Ｆフィルタによるろ過海水
2)Ｎａ
1)の滅菌ろ過海水に塩化ナトリウム濃度が過飽和濃度となるように調整したもの
3)Ｍｇ
1)の滅菌ろ過海水に水酸化マグネシウム濃度が過飽和濃度となるように調整したもの
4)ｂｏｔｈ
1)の滅菌ろ過海水に塩化ナトリウム濃度および水酸化マグネシウムがそれぞれ過飽和濃度となるように調整したもの
Solution characteristics:
1) Sea Filtered seawater by GF / F filter
2) Na
1) Adjusted so that the sodium chloride concentration is supersaturated in the sterile filtered seawater
3) Mg
The sterilized filtered seawater of 1) adjusted so that the magnesium hydroxide concentration becomes supersaturated
4) Both
The sterilized filtered seawater of 1) adjusted so that the sodium chloride concentration and magnesium hydroxide are supersaturated.
＜駆除培養後の細菌のコロニー数の計測＞
前記駆除培養後、０、１、２、５日経過後に溶液を１００μｌを取出し、普通寒天平板培地に塗沫して１日静置培養し、コロニー数を計数した。
<Counting the number of bacterial colonies after extermination culture>
After 0, 1, 2, and 5 days after the extermination culture, 100 μl of the solution was taken out, smeared on a normal agar plate medium, left to stand for 1 day, and the number of colonies was counted.
＜細菌のコロニー数の測定結果＞
前記１）〜４）の細菌に対する各溶液の細菌の駆除機能であるコロニー数は図５〜図８に示す通りとの結果となった。この結果より、本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤である滅菌ろ過海水に水酸化マグネシウムおよび塩化ナトリウムをともに飽和濃度となるように調整したものからなる溶液が、前記１）〜４）からなる細菌を早い時間に完全死滅させている。従って、本発明の汚損生物駆除素剤によれば、細菌を短時間に駆除することができることが判明した。
<Measurement results of the number of bacterial colonies>
The number of colonies which is the bacterial extermination function of each solution with respect to the bacteria of 1) to 4) was as shown in FIGS. From this result, the solution comprising the sterilized filtered seawater, which is the fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention, in which both magnesium hydroxide and sodium chloride are adjusted to a saturated concentration is the bacterium comprising the above 1) to 4). Completely killed early. Therefore, it was found that the fouling biocontrol agent of the present invention can control bacteria in a short time.
なお、本発明は、前述した実施の形態並びに実施例に限定されるものではなく、必要に応じて種々の変更が可能である。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and examples, and various modifications can be made as necessary.
Claims (5)
The fouling organism control agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fouling organism is a bacterium.
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| JP2012046516A (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2012-03-08 | Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation Chosun Univ | Method of controlling harmful algae using biological nano capsid |
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| JP2003040705A (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2003-02-13 | Nichimo Co Ltd | Rod material having pollution-preventing function |
| JP2004261732A (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-09-24 | Ube Material Industries Ltd | Method for inhibiting generation of algae in freshwater area |
| JP2005015357A (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2005-01-20 | Nichimo Co Ltd | Preventing agent for generation of red tide and method for preventing generation of red tide |
| JP2005060290A (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2005-03-10 | Kyuken:Kk | Method and apparatus for controlling red tide |
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| JP2003040705A (en) * | 2001-07-26 | 2003-02-13 | Nichimo Co Ltd | Rod material having pollution-preventing function |
| JP2004261732A (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2004-09-24 | Ube Material Industries Ltd | Method for inhibiting generation of algae in freshwater area |
| JP2005015357A (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2005-01-20 | Nichimo Co Ltd | Preventing agent for generation of red tide and method for preventing generation of red tide |
| JP2005060290A (en) * | 2003-08-11 | 2005-03-10 | Kyuken:Kk | Method and apparatus for controlling red tide |
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| JP2011042603A (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2011-03-03 | Chisso Corp | Microorganism-inactivating agent |
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