JP2007187857A - Reflector device - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reflector device capable of aligning the height of pupils of respective corner cube prisms, which retroreflects a light beam by using a plurality of corner cube prisms. <P>SOLUTION: The six corner cube prisms 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 are arranged around a vertical axial line A such that prism vertexes P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 get apart from the vertical axial line A, incident faces I1, I2, I3, I4, I5, I6 get inclined to one another, further, adjacent corner cube prisms 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 are brought into contact with side surfaces and floating points P1', P2', P3', P4', P5', P6' get to be on a flat surface S. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a reflector device that retroreflects a light beam using a plurality of corner cube prisms.

  The corner cube prism is used as a measurement target for theodolites and total stations used in geodetic and construction surveying, and also as a position measurement target for control of construction machinery. In particular, a measurement target of an automatic tracking surveying instrument has 6 to 8 corner cube prisms arranged in an annular shape, which can continuously collimate the measurement target from any direction of 360 °. This makes it a convenient measurement target.

  As this type of measurement target, for example, one in which a plurality of corner cube prisms are arranged around the central axis has been proposed (see Patent Document 1), and the incident surface of an adjacent corner cube prism is defined as a triangle. The thing which made it mutually close is proposed (refer patent document 2).

  In the former, each corner cube prism is arranged so that the angle formed by the incident surface and the central axis is the same, so that the floating point (apparent prism center position) can be arranged on the same plane. it can. However, since the incident surfaces of adjacent corner cube prisms are not in close contact with each other, when retroreflection is transferred from one corner cube prism to the adjacent corner cube prism, the retroreflected light beams from the two adjacent corner cube prisms are Spatially separated. Therefore, when the distance between the optical distance meter and the target is close and the beam diameter of the distance measuring light is small, the distance measuring light is irradiated between the corner cube prism and the corner cube prism, and no retroreflection is obtained. It may happen that the distance cannot be measured.

  On the other hand, in the latter, since the incident surfaces of adjacent corner cube prisms are in close contact with each other, when the retroreflection is transferred from one corner cube prism to the adjacent corner cube prism, two adjacent corner cubes are used. Since the retroreflected light beam from the cube prism is spatially close, high position measurement accuracy can be obtained as a three-dimensional coordinate measurement target. Furthermore, even when the distance between the lightwave distance meter and the target is close and the beam diameter of the distance measuring light is small, retroreflected light can be obtained without any break, and distance measurement can be performed reliably.

JP 2000-56110 A Publication of Japanese National Publication No. 11-512176

  However, in the latter, each corner cube prism is inclined so that its incident surfaces are at different angles, and the tip of the prism is arranged so as to coincide with the vertical axis. The (apparent prism center position) takes a position different from the vertical axis. For this reason, a difficulty arises in the accuracy of position setting.

  Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 10A to 10D, in the latter case, the angle formed between the normal line of the incident surface Ia and the plane S with the vertical axis (central axis) A as the normal line is formed. The corner cube prisms 200 having the angle -i formed by the corner cube prism 100 of i and the plane S having the normal line of the incident surface Ib and the vertical axis (center axis) A as the normal line are alternately arranged, and the tip of the prism P is arranged on the vertical axis A. Therefore, in the corner cube prism 100, a deviation amount −V is generated between the floating point (apparent prism center position) P ′ and the plane S. In the corner cube prism 200, the plane S and the surface floating point P ′ are In the meantime, a deviation amount V occurs, and the magnitude of the deviation amount of the floating point P ′ between them becomes 2V.

  When light is incident on the corner cube prisms 100 and 200 having different floating points P ′, the light incident on the corner cube prisms 100 and 200 is incident on the floating point P ′ as shown in FIG. The light beam is emitted from a point-symmetrical position, and the difference between the incident path and the outgoing path depends on the incident position of the light beam and the distance from the flying point P ′. For this reason, in the corner cube prisms 100 and 200, the difference between the incident path and the exit path is the same. However, since the position of the pupil R depends on the position of the floating point P ′, if the position of the floating point P ′ in the vertical axis A direction differs between the corner cube prism 100 and the corner cube prism 200, the position of the pupil R also differs. It will be. If the position of the pupil R, that is, the position in the height direction is different in the direction of the vertical axis A, the position (range) that can be used as incident light and reflected light in the height direction varies, and the corner cube prism 100 is collimated. The collimation position when the corner cube prism 200 is collimated and the collimation position when the corner cube prism 200 is collimated change in the direction of the vertical axis A, and the accuracy as the three-dimensional coordinate measurement target is lowered.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and an object thereof is to make the pupil heights of the corner cube prisms uniform.

  To achieve the above object, the reflector device according to claim 1 includes a plurality of corner cube prisms arranged in an annular shape around a virtual central axis, the incident surface of the corner cube prism, and the virtual In a reflector device having a non-single angle with a virtual plane with the central axis of the normal as a normal line, the floating point of each corner cube prism caused by light refraction is arranged on the same plane of the virtual plane. .

  (Operation) When each corner cube prism is annularly arranged around the imaginary central axis, each corner cube prism is arranged so that the floating point of each corner cube prism generated by light refraction is on the same plane. Even if the incident surfaces of the prisms are inclined at different angles, the height of the pupils of each corner cube prism can be made uniform by arranging the flying points on the same plane, and which corner cube prism is collimated Even when this is done, the shift of the collimation position in the central axis direction can be suppressed.

  In the reflector device according to claim 2, in the reflector device according to claim 1, side surfaces of adjacent corner cube prisms are in close contact with each other, and a corner cube prism vertex that does not belong to the light incident surface is It was set as the structure arrange | positioned away from the central axis.

  (Operation) When each corner cube prism is annularly arranged around the virtual central axis, the side surfaces of adjacent corner cube prisms are brought into close contact with each other, and the corner cube prism apex that does not belong to the light incident surface is set to the virtual center. Since it arrange | positions away from the axis | shaft, in addition to the effect | action which the reflector apparatus of Claim 1 has, each corner cube prism can be closely contacted as much as possible.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the reflector device according to the first or second aspect, the light incident surface has a triangular shape.

(Operation) By making the shape of the light incident surface a triangle, in addition to the operation of the reflector device according to claim 1 or 2, retroreflected light beams from adjacent corner cube prisms can be received.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the reflector device according to the third aspect, a region near the vertex of the light incident surface corresponding to the protruding portion from the adjacent corner cube prism is cut.

  (Operation) By cutting a region near the apex of the light incident surface corresponding to the protrusion from the adjacent corner cube prism, the vertical protrusion can be eliminated, and the height dimension can be reduced.

  In the reflector device according to claim 5, in the reflector device according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, or 4, a corner cube prism is disposed around the virtual central axis over the entire 360 ° circumference. The configuration.

  (Operation) By arranging the corner cube prism around the imaginary central axis over the entire 360 ° circumference, it is possible to make all directions collimate.

  As is clear from the above description, according to the reflector device of the first aspect, the pupil position of each corner cube prism can be captured in the tilted direction, and collimation position shift in the central axis direction can be suppressed.

  According to the reflector device according to claim 2, in addition to the effect of the reflector device according to claim 1, each corner cube prism is spatially as close as possible, so that the accuracy as a three-dimensional coordinate target is improved. Can be made.

  According to the reflector device according to claim 3, in addition to the effect of the reflector device according to claim 1 or 2, it is possible to perform distance measurement at a short distance or distance measurement light having a rough beam diameter. can do.

  According to the reflector device of the fourth aspect, the dimension in the height direction can be made smaller than that of the reflector device of the third aspect.

  According to the reflector device according to the fifth aspect, it is possible to set all directions as collimation targets.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a corner cube prism for explaining a basic configuration of a reflector device according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a configuration of an omnidirectional reflector device according to the present invention. (a) is an isometric view, (b) is a top view, (c) is a side view, FIG. 3 is a side view for explaining an entrance path and an exit path for corner cube prisms having different angles of the entrance plane, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a method of correcting the prism position with respect to the displacement of the flying point of the corner cube prism. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a known corner prism showing a state when the tip of the prism is aligned with the origin of the reflector. FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of a main part for explaining a state in which a corner cube prism is in contact with a side surface of an adjacent corner cube prism, and FIG. Method of shifting in the axial direction and the horizontal direction is a perspective view for explaining the.

  In these drawings, the reflector device (360 ° omnidirectional reflector) includes, for example, six corner cube prisms 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 as measurement targets of an automatic tracking surveying instrument (8 A reflector device composed of a single corner cube prism will be described later). As shown in FIG. 1, each of the corner cube prisms 10 to 60 includes incident surfaces I1 to I6, side surfaces F1a to F6a, F1b to F6b, and F1c to F6c as tetrahedrons formed of triangular pyramids. As shown to a)-(c), it arrange | positions cyclically | annularly around the vertical axis A centering | focusing on the vertical axis A which is a virtual central axis (vertical axis). In this case, the corner cube prisms 10 to 60 are alternately inclined at different angles.

  Hereinafter, the Example of the reflector apparatus of Claim 3 using the reflector apparatus of Claim 2 is demonstrated. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, the corner cube prisms 10, 30, 50 are arranged so as to be inclined so that the angle formed by the plane S perpendicular to the vertical axis A is i. , 40, 60 are inclined as shown in FIGS. 2A, 2 </ b> B, and 2 </ b> C so that an angle formed with the plane S is −i. Further, each of the corner cube prisms 10 to 60 has prism vertices P1 to P6 that are different from the vertices P1a to P6a, P1b to P6b, and P1c to P6c belonging to the incident surfaces I1 to I6 in a horizontal direction from the vertical axis A. And the adjacent prism vertices P1 to P6 are arranged on different planes among the planes orthogonal to the vertical axis A (see FIG. 2C) and the floating point (light The apparent prism center position (P1 ′ to P6 ′ due to the refraction of the light) is arranged on the plane S (see FIG. 3), and both side surfaces F1a to F6a and F1b to F6b adjacent to the incident surfaces I1 to I6 in the circumferential direction are adjacent to each other. It arrange | positions so that it may closely_contact | adhere to side F1a-F6a, F1b-F6b of the other corner cube prism.

  When aligning the floating points P1 ′ to P6 ′ of the corner cube prisms 10 to 60 on the plane S, the shift amounts of the floating points P1 ′ to P6 ′ (of the planes orthogonal to the vertical axis A, the prism vertices P1 to P6) The correction amount of the prism position with respect to the difference between the plane including the plane and the plane including the flying points P1 ′ to P6 ′ is obtained.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 4, in the corner cube prisms 10, 30, and 50, the refractive index is n (n> 1), the incident surfaces I1, I3, and I5 are perpendicular to the paper surface, and the incident surface I1. , I3, I5 and the plane S0 and the plane S0 is i, the light beam L is incident at the point Q of the incident surfaces I1, I3, I5 at the incident angle i, the refraction angle j and Between, the following Snell's law holds.

sini = n · sinj …… (1)
In the equation, the refractive index of the medium around each corner cube prism 10, 30, 50 is set to 1. Further, in FIG. 4, among the planes orthogonal to the vertical axis A, the deviation indicating the difference between the plane S including the prism apex P1 (P3, P5) and the plane S0 including the flying point P1 ′ (P3 ′, P5 ′). When the amount is −V and the upward direction is positive, the prism position correction amount V is given by the following equation using the length dp between the prism apex P1 (P3, P5) and the point Q.

V = dp · sin (i−j) (2)
Here, the design value of each corner cube prism 10, 30, 50 is generally given as the length d1 of the perpendicular line dropped from the prism vertex P1 (P3, P5) to the point H of the incident surface I1 (I3, I5). It is. This d1 is called the prism height, and dp is expressed as follows using d1.

dp = d1 / cosj (3)
Therefore, the correction amount V of the prism position is expressed by the following equation using the equations (2) and (3).

V = d1 · sin (i−j) / cosj (4)
The correction amount V given by the equation (4) can be similarly obtained for the corner cube prisms 20, 40, 60. That is, the corner cube prisms 20, 40, 60 differ from the corner cube prisms 10, 30, 50 only in the angle formed by the plane S <b> 1 and −i, and are the same as the expressions (1) to (4). By using the arithmetic expression, the prism position correction amount V with respect to the corner cube prisms 20, 40, 60 can be obtained.

  After calculating the prism position correction amount V or the correction amount −V for each corner cube prism 10 to 60, the prism vertices P1 to P6 of each corner cube prism 10 to 60 are on the plane S including the origin O of the reflector. Sometimes (see FIG. 4), first, the corner cube prisms 10, 30, 50 are translated upward by V along the vertical axis A, and the flying points P1 ′, P3 ′, P5 ′ include the origin O of the reflector. It arrange | positions so that it may become on the plane S (refer FIG. 3).

  Next, the corner cube prisms 20, 40, 60 are translated downward by −V along the vertical axis A in the opposite direction to the corner cube prisms 10, 30, 50, and the flying points P2 ′, P4 ′, It arrange | positions so that P6 'may be on the plane S containing the origin O of a reflector (refer FIG. 3).

  Here, when the corner cube prisms 10 to 60 are moved upward or downward along the vertical axis A, it is necessary to consider the following.

  When the prism vertices P1 to P6 of the corner cube prisms 10 to 60 are arranged on the vertical axis A, as shown in FIG. 5, the prism vertices P1 to P6 are in a state coincident with the origin O of the reflector. The cube prisms 10 to 60 are in a state where the side surfaces are in contact with each other. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the corner cube prism 20 has side surfaces F2a and F2b in contact with the side surface F1b of the corner cube prism 10 and the side surface F3a of the corner cube prism 30, respectively. Here, when the corner cube prism 20 is shifted along the direction of the vertical axis A, the incident surface I2 of the corner cube prism 20 faces upward with respect to the plane S, and therefore −V downward (downward) along the vertical axis A. Will only shift. However, the side surfaces F2a and F2b of the corner cube prism 20 are in contact with the side surface F1b of the corner cube prism 10 and the side surface F3a of the corner cube prism 30, respectively, and the prism vertex P2 remains arranged on the vertical axis A as it is. The corner cube prism 20 cannot be shifted downward.

  Therefore, in order to shift the corner cube prism 20 downward while maintaining contact with the side surfaces of the adjacent corner cube prisms 10 and 30, it is necessary to shift the corner cube prism 20 obliquely downward along the line segment OB.

  When the corner cube prism 20 is shifted obliquely downward along the line segment OB, as shown in FIG. 7, the corner cube prism 20 has its prism apex P2 moved by d along the line segment OB from the position of the origin O. In the direction of the vertical axis A, it is shifted from the plane S by −V, and in the horizontal direction, it is separated from the vertical axis A by Δ.

  Similarly, when the corner cube prisms 10, 30, 50 are shifted obliquely upward along the vertical axis A and the corner cube prisms 40, 60 are shifted diagonally downward along the vertical axis A, each corner cube prism 10 , 30 to 60, the prism apexes P1, P3 to P6 are shifted from the plane S by V or −V in the vertical axis A direction, and by Δ from the vertical axis A in the horizontal direction.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 2B, each of the corner cube prisms 10 to 60 has prism tips P1 to P6 around the vertical axis A so that a space (E) is formed around the vertical axis A. Is placed.

  If the flying points P1 ′ to P6 ′ of the corner cube prisms 10 to 60 are arranged on the plane S, the position (range) of the pupil R of each corner cube prism 10 to 60 is a vertical axis as shown in FIG. Even if any corner cube prism is used as the measurement target, it is possible to suppress the collimating position from changing in the vertical axis A direction, and improve the accuracy as the three-dimensional coordinate measurement target. be able to.

  In FIG. 8, the Example of the reflector apparatus of Claim 4 is shown. In the present embodiment, a region including the vertices P1a to P6a, P1b to P6b, and P1c to P6c belonging to the incident surfaces I to I6 of the corner cube prisms 10 to 60 is cut, and the other configurations are the first embodiment. Similar to the example. In this case, each of the corner cube prisms 10 to 60 has the vertices P1a to P6a and P1b to P6b that are cut from the regions including the vertices P1a to P6a, P1b to P6b, and P1c to P6c belonging to the incident surfaces I1 to I6. , P1c to P6c are virtual vertices.

  According to the present embodiment, accuracy as a three-dimensional coordinate measurement target can be improved, vertical protrusions can be eliminated, and the height dimension can be reduced.

  FIG. 9 shows an embodiment in which eight corner cube prisms are used as an embodiment of the reflector device according to claim 3 using the reflector device according to claim 1. In this embodiment, the corner cube prisms 10 to 80 are annularly arranged around the vertical axis A. In each corner cube prism 10 to 80, the angle between the side surfaces in contact with the adjacent corner cube prisms is the first angle. Although different from that of the first embodiment, the other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.

  A side surface of each corner cube prism 10 to 80 that contacts an adjacent corner cube prism may be fixed with an adhesive, or may be fixed to a frame body to form eight omnidirectional reflectors. In such a case, if each corner cube prism is bonded and the omnidirectional reflector is fixed to the frame body, it is easy to hold down and can be fixed easily. In addition, since each corner cube prism is fixed to the frame body, adhesion peeling or the like does not occur.

  Even when eight corner cube prisms are used as in this embodiment, the accuracy as a three-dimensional coordinate measurement target can be improved as in the above embodiments.

  Also in this embodiment, by cutting the vertices belonging to the incident surfaces of the corner cube prisms 10 to 80, the vertical projections can be eliminated and the height dimension can be reduced.

It is a perspective view of the corner cube prism for demonstrating the basic composition of the reflector apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the omnidirectional reflector apparatus based on this invention, Comprising: (a) is an isometric view, (b) is a top view, (c) is a side view. It is a side view for demonstrating the incident path | route and output path | route with respect to the corner cube prism from which the angle of an incident surface differs. It is a figure for demonstrating the correction method of the prism position with respect to the position shift of the floating point of a corner cube prism. It is a perspective view of the well-known corner prism which shows a state when aligning the prism front-end | tip with the origin of a reflector. It is a principal part exploded perspective view for demonstrating the state which a corner cube prism contact | connects the side surface of an adjacent corner cube prism. It is a perspective view for demonstrating the method to shift a corner cube prism to a vertical-axis direction and a horizontal direction. It is a figure which shows 2nd Example of this invention, Comprising: (a) is an isometric view which shows the state when the vertex which belongs to an entrance plane is cut, (b) is a top view, (c) is also a side view. is there.

It is a figure which shows 3rd Example of this invention, Comprising: (a) is an isometric view when eight corner cube prisms are used, (b) is a top view, (c) is also a side view. It is a figure for demonstrating the structure of the conventional corner cube prism, Comprising: (a) is a side view in the case of the angle i made, (b) is a front view in the case of the angle i made, (c), The side view in the case of the formed angle-i is a front view in the case of the formed angle-i. It is a side view for demonstrating the incident path | route and exit path | route with respect to the corner cube prism which is the conventional corner cube prism from which the angle of an incident surface differs.

Explanation of symbols

10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 Corner cube prism P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 Prism vertex I1, I2, I3, I4, I5, I6 Entrance planes P1 ′, P2 ′, P3 ′, P4 'P5', P6 'Floating point A Vertical axis

Claims (5)

  A plurality of corner cube prisms arranged in an annular shape around a virtual central axis, and a single angle formed between an incident surface of the corner cube prism and a virtual plane having the virtual central axis as a normal line; In the reflector device, the floating point of each corner cube prism generated by light refraction is arranged on the same plane of the virtual plane.   The side surfaces of adjacent corner cube prisms are in close contact with each other, and corner cube prism vertices that do not belong to the light incident surface are arranged away from the virtual central axis. Reflector device.   The reflector device according to claim 1, wherein the light incident surface has a triangular shape.   4. The reflector device according to claim 3, wherein a region near the apex of the light incident surface corresponding to a protruding portion from an adjacent corner cube prism is cut.   5. The reflector device according to claim 1, wherein a corner cube prism is arranged around the imaginary central axis over the entire circumference of 360 °.

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