JP2007187344A - Heat pump system - Google Patents

Heat pump system Download PDF

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JP2007187344A
JP2007187344A JP2006003797A JP2006003797A JP2007187344A JP 2007187344 A JP2007187344 A JP 2007187344A JP 2006003797 A JP2006003797 A JP 2006003797A JP 2006003797 A JP2006003797 A JP 2006003797A JP 2007187344 A JP2007187344 A JP 2007187344A
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condenser
heat pump
cooling fan
temperature
watering
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JP2006003797A
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JP4754970B2 (en
Inventor
Tomokazu Tashimo
友和 田下
Natsuo Kanzaki
奈津夫 神崎
Nagakazu Shimotahira
修和 下田平
Kazutaka Kurashige
一隆 倉茂
Ichiro Sakuraba
一郎 櫻場
Daisuke Hayashi
大介 林
Tadatsuyo Kimura
忠剛 木村
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Kansai Electric Power Co Inc
Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
Kobe Steel Ltd
Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc
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Kansai Electric Power Co Inc
Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc
Chubu Electric Power Co Inc
Kobe Steel Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a heat pump system that is highly efficient in any operation by operatively switching a condenser between a dry operation and a wet operation. <P>SOLUTION: The heat pump system 1 has: a refrigerant circulation passage 7 in which a compressor 2, the condenser 3, an expansion valve 5 and an evaporator 6 are interposed; a cooling fan 8 for ventilating the condenser 3; and a water spray device 11 for spraying water into the condenser 3. The rotating speed of the cooling fan 8 is controlled in accordance with the state of the water spray device 11. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明はヒートポンプ装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a heat pump device.

圧縮機と凝縮器と膨張弁と蒸発器と介設した冷媒循環流路を有するヒートポンプ装置において、例えば特許文献１および２に記載されているように、負荷状態に応じて、散水装置により凝縮器に散水し、乾式運転と湿式運転とを切り換えるものが公知である。   In a heat pump apparatus having a refrigerant circulation passage interposed between a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator, as described in, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2, a condenser is formed by a sprinkler according to a load state. Water is sprayed to switch between dry operation and wet operation.

乾式運転においては、凝縮器で冷媒を空気との熱交換によって冷却するので、冷却効率を高めるために、ファンにより凝縮器に通風するのが一般的であり、最適な冷却効率を得るためにはある程度大きな風量が必要である。   In dry operation, since the refrigerant is cooled by heat exchange with air in the condenser, in order to increase the cooling efficiency, it is common to ventilate the condenser with a fan, and in order to obtain the optimum cooling efficiency A certain amount of airflow is required.

一方、湿式運転においては、凝縮器に散水した水の気化熱によって冷媒を冷却するので、凝縮器に多量の空気を通気することは求められない。しかしながら、従来のヒートポンプ装置は、湿式運転時において乾式運転時と同様の風量を凝縮器に通風させるので、冷却ファンの駆動のために不必要なエネルギーを消費して、ヒートポンプの効率を低下させるという問題があった。
特開２００３−１３０４２７号公報 特開２００３−１８５２２４号公報 On the other hand, in the wet operation, since the refrigerant is cooled by the heat of vaporization of the water sprayed on the condenser, it is not required to ventilate a large amount of air through the condenser. However, in the conventional heat pump device, the same air volume as in the dry operation is passed through the condenser during the wet operation, so that unnecessary energy is consumed for driving the cooling fan, and the efficiency of the heat pump is reduced. There was a problem.
JP 2003-130427 A JP 2003-185224 A

そこで、前記問題点に鑑みて、本発明は、凝縮器を乾式運転と湿式運転とに切り換えて運転でき、いずれの運転時にも効率の高いヒートポンプ装置を提供することを課題とする。   Therefore, in view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a heat pump device that can operate a condenser by switching between a dry operation and a wet operation, and has high efficiency at any operation.

前記課題を解決するために、本発明によるヒートポンプ装置は、圧縮機と、凝縮器と、膨張弁と、蒸発器とを介設した冷媒循環流路と、前記凝縮器に通風する冷却ファンと、前記凝縮器に散水する散水装置とを有し、前記散水装置の状態に応じて、前記冷却ファンの回転数を制御するものとする。   In order to solve the above problems, a heat pump device according to the present invention includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, a refrigerant circulation channel provided with an evaporator, a cooling fan that ventilates the condenser, It has a watering device for watering the condenser, and the number of rotations of the cooling fan is controlled according to the state of the watering device.

この構成によれば、散水装置の運転状態に応じて、凝縮器に必要以上の空気を通風させないように、冷却ファンの回転数を制御することで、冷却ファンに必要以上のエネルギーを消費させず、ヒートポンプ装置全体の効率を高く維持することができる。   According to this configuration, according to the operation state of the watering device, by controlling the number of revolutions of the cooling fan so that the condenser does not allow air to flow more than necessary, the cooling fan does not consume more energy than necessary. The efficiency of the entire heat pump device can be maintained high.

また、本発明のヒートポンプ装置において、前記散水装置が前記凝縮器に散水しないときは、前記冷却ファンの回転数を所定の高速回転にし、前記散水装置が前記凝縮器に散水するときは、前記冷却ファンの回転数を所定の低速回転にしてもよい。   Further, in the heat pump device of the present invention, when the watering device does not spray water into the condenser, the rotation speed of the cooling fan is set to a predetermined high speed rotation, and when the watering device sprays water into the condenser, the cooling is performed. The rotational speed of the fan may be set to a predetermined low speed.

ヒートポンプ装置において、凝縮器の乾式運転時に比べ、凝縮器の湿式運転時には最適な通風量がかなり少ない。このため、凝縮器の冷却ファンを、凝縮器の湿式運転時の低速回転と凝縮器の乾式運転時の高速回転との２つの速度を切り換える簡単な制御で、ヒートポンプ装置全体の効率を大きく向上させることができる。   In the heat pump device, the optimum air flow rate is considerably less during the wet operation of the condenser than during the dry operation of the condenser. For this reason, the efficiency of the entire heat pump apparatus is greatly improved by simple control of switching the cooling fan of the condenser between two speeds, low speed rotation during the wet operation of the condenser and high speed rotation during the dry operation of the condenser. be able to.

また、本発明のヒートポンプ装置において、外気温度を検出する温度検出手段をさらに有し、温度検出手段が検出した温度が所定の限界温度よりも高いとき、前記散水装置は、前記凝縮器に散水するものとする。   Moreover, the heat pump device of the present invention further includes a temperature detection unit that detects an outside air temperature, and when the temperature detected by the temperature detection unit is higher than a predetermined limit temperature, the watering device sprays water into the condenser. Shall.

この構成によれば、乾式運転で凝縮器を効率よく冷却することができなくなる限界温度を検出して、湿式運転に切り換えるので、乾式運転と湿式運転とを最適なタイミングで切り換えることができる   According to this configuration, since the limit temperature at which the condenser cannot be efficiently cooled in the dry operation is detected and switched to the wet operation, the dry operation and the wet operation can be switched at an optimal timing.

以上のように、本発明によれば、凝縮器に散水する散水装置の運転状態に応じて、凝縮器に通風する冷却ファンの回転数を制御するので、冷却ファンが必要以上の空気を通風させることがなく、無駄なエネルギーを消費しない。   As described above, according to the present invention, since the number of rotations of the cooling fan that ventilates the condenser is controlled according to the operation state of the watering device that sprinkles the condenser, the cooling fan allows the air to flow more than necessary. There is no waste of energy.

これより、本発明の実施形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。
図１は、本発明の１つの実施形態であるヒートポンプ装置１を示す。ヒートポンプ装置１は、スクリュ圧縮機２と凝縮器３と受液器４と蒸発弁５と蒸発器６とが介設され、冷媒が封入された冷媒循環流路７を有している。ヒートポンプ装置１は、蒸発器６において、冷却水やブラインなどの被冷却媒体から熱を奪い、凝縮器３において、その熱を外部に放出するものである。 Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a heat pump apparatus 1 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The heat pump device 1 includes a screw compressor 2, a condenser 3, a liquid receiver 4, an evaporation valve 5, and an evaporator 6, and has a refrigerant circulation passage 7 in which a refrigerant is enclosed. The heat pump device 1 takes heat from a medium to be cooled such as cooling water or brine in the evaporator 6, and releases the heat to the outside in the condenser 3.

ヒートポンプ装置１は、凝縮器３に外気を通風させる冷却ファン８が設けられており、冷却ファン８を回転させるファンモータ９は、インバータ１０によって回転数を制御可能である。   The heat pump device 1 is provided with a cooling fan 8 that allows the outside air to pass through the condenser 3, and a fan motor 9 that rotates the cooling fan 8 can control the rotation speed by an inverter 10.

また、ヒートポンプ装置１は、凝縮器３に散水する散水装置１１を有しており、散水装置１１は、水タンク１２、ポンプ１３およびスプレーノズル１４からなっている。   The heat pump device 1 has a watering device 11 that sprays water to the condenser 3, and the watering device 11 includes a water tank 12, a pump 13, and a spray nozzle 14.

ヒートポンプ装置１は、インバータ１０の出力周波数およびポンプ１３の起動停止を制御する凝縮器制御装置１５と、外気温度Ｔを検出する外気温度センサ（温度検出手段）１６とを有する。凝縮器制御装置１５は、外気温度センサ１６が検出した外気温度Ｔと、予め設定されている限界温度ＴＬとを比較してインバータ１０およびポンプ１３を制御する。 The heat pump device 1 includes a condenser control device 15 that controls the output frequency of the inverter 10 and the start / stop of the pump 13, and an outside air temperature sensor (temperature detection means) 16 that detects the outside air temperature T. The condenser control device 15 controls the inverter 10 and the pump 13 by comparing the outside air temperature T detected by the outside air temperature sensor 16 with a preset limit temperature TL .

図２は、凝縮器制御装置１５による凝縮器３の冷却ファン８および散水装置１１の制御の流れを示す。凝縮器制御装置１５は、ステップＳ１において、外気温度Ｔと限界温度ＴＬとを比較する。ステップＳ１において外気温度Ｔが限界温度ＴＬよりも高ければ、ステップＳ２に進み、散水装置１１のポンプ１３を始動し、さらに、ステップＳ３に進んで、冷却ファン８を所定の低速回転で運転するようにインバータ１０の出力周波数を第１の値に設定する。その後、凝縮器制御装置１５は、再びステップＳ１に戻って、外気温度Ｔと限界温度ＴＬとを比較する。 FIG. 2 shows a flow of control of the cooling fan 8 and the watering device 11 of the condenser 3 by the condenser control device 15. In step S1, the condenser control device 15 compares the outside air temperature T with the limit temperature TL . If the outside air temperature T is higher than the limit temperature TL in step S1, the process proceeds to step S2, the pump 13 of the sprinkler 11 is started, and the process proceeds to step S3 to operate the cooling fan 8 at a predetermined low speed. Thus, the output frequency of the inverter 10 is set to the first value. Thereafter, the condenser control device 15 returns to step S1 again, and compares the outside air temperature T with the limit temperature TL .

凝縮器制御装置１５は、ステップＳ１において外気温度Ｔが限界温度ＴＬ以下であれば、ステップＳ４に進み、散水装置１１のポンプ１３を停止し、さらに、ステップＳ５に進んで、冷却ファン８を所定の高速回転（好ましくは定格回転）で運転するようにインバータ１０の出力周波数を第１の値よりも高い第２の値に設定し、ステップＳ１に戻る。 If the outside air temperature T is equal to or lower than the limit temperature TL in step S1, the condenser control device 15 proceeds to step S4, stops the pump 13 of the water sprinkler 11, and further proceeds to step S5 to turn on the cooling fan 8. The output frequency of the inverter 10 is set to a second value higher than the first value so as to operate at a predetermined high-speed rotation (preferably rated rotation), and the process returns to step S1.

つまり、凝縮器制御装置１５は、外気温度Ｔが限界温度ＴＬより高ければ、散水装置１１で凝縮器３に散水する湿式運転をし、湿式運転時は、冷却ファン８を低速回転にする。また、凝縮器制御装置１５は、外気温度Ｔが限界温度ＴＬ以下であれば、散水装置１１で凝縮器３に散水しない乾式運転をし、乾式運転時は、冷却ファン８を高速回転にする。 That is, if the outside air temperature T is higher than the limit temperature TL , the condenser control device 15 performs a wet operation in which water is sprayed to the condenser 3 by the water sprinkler 11, and the cooling fan 8 is rotated at a low speed during the wet operation. Further, when the outside air temperature T is equal to or lower than the limit temperature TL , the condenser control device 15 performs a dry operation that does not sprinkle the condenser 3 with the watering device 11, and makes the cooling fan 8 rotate at high speed during the dry operation. .

続いて、図１の構成のヒートポンプ装置１を、図２の流れに従って運転する効果を説明する。
散水装置１１のポンプ１３を停止して、凝縮器３に散水しない状態の乾式運転時、凝縮器３は、冷却ファン８によって通風される空気との熱交換により冷媒の熱を放出する。空気は比熱が小さいために、冷媒の熱を十分に奪うためには、ある程度大きな風量が必要である。このため、冷却ファン８およびファンモータ９は、この乾式運転において最も効率よく凝縮器３に通風できるように定格で運転されることが好ましい。 Next, the effect of operating the heat pump apparatus 1 configured as shown in FIG. 1 according to the flow shown in FIG. 2 will be described.
During the dry operation in which the pump 13 of the sprinkler 11 is stopped and the condenser 3 is not sprinkled, the condenser 3 releases heat of the refrigerant by heat exchange with the air ventilated by the cooling fan 8. Since air has a small specific heat, a certain amount of air volume is required to sufficiently remove the heat of the refrigerant. For this reason, it is preferable that the cooling fan 8 and the fan motor 9 are operated at a rating so as to allow the most efficient ventilation in the dry operation.

一方、散水装置１１のポンプ１３を停止して、凝縮器３に散水する状態の湿式運転時、凝縮器３の冷媒は、散水された水の気化熱によって熱を奪われる。冷却ファン８によって通風される外気は、水の気化を促進するが、凝縮器３の表面温度が空気の湿球温度にまで低下すると、それ以上は水を気化させることができない。この限界によって、冷却ファン８の回転数がある回転数を超えると、冷却効果は全く同じであるのに、冷却ファン８の消費電力だけが回転数の３乗に略比例して上昇し、エネルギーだけを多く消費することになる。   On the other hand, during the wet operation in which the pump 13 of the sprinkler 11 is stopped and the condenser 3 is sprinkled, the refrigerant in the condenser 3 is deprived of heat by the heat of vaporization of the sprinkled water. The outside air ventilated by the cooling fan 8 promotes the vaporization of water, but when the surface temperature of the condenser 3 is lowered to the wet bulb temperature of the air, the water cannot be further vaporized. Due to this limit, when the number of rotations of the cooling fan 8 exceeds a certain number of rotations, the cooling effect is exactly the same, but only the power consumption of the cooling fan 8 increases substantially proportional to the cube of the number of rotations. Will consume a lot.

図３は、凝縮器３に散水する状態の湿式運転において、冷却ファン８の回転数の定格回転数に対する比と、ヒートポンプ装置１全体の効率を示す成績係数（ＣＯＰ）の冷却ファン８を定格回転数で運転したときの成績係数に対する比との関係を示すものである。   FIG. 3 shows the ratio of the rotation speed of the cooling fan 8 to the rated rotation speed and the coefficient of performance (COP) indicating the efficiency of the entire heat pump device 1 in the wet operation in a state where the condenser 3 is sprinkled. It shows the relationship with the ratio to the coefficient of performance when driving with numbers.

図示するように、湿式運転時には、冷却ファン８の回転数が乾式運転時の回転数である定格回転数の約０．７倍の低速回転で運転するとき、冷却ファン８が凝縮器３に通風して水を気化させることで冷却効率を向上させる効果と、冷却ファン８を駆動するファンモータ９の消費電力の上昇とがバランスし、ヒートポンプ装置１全体として、最大の効率を発揮する。この状態で、図示するように、ヒートポンプ装置１は、冷却ファン８を定格回転数で運転する場合に比べて、成績係数が約７％改善されている。   As shown in the figure, during the wet operation, the cooling fan 8 ventilates the condenser 3 when the rotation speed of the cooling fan 8 is operated at a low speed of about 0.7 times the rated rotation speed that is the rotation speed during the dry operation. Thus, the effect of improving the cooling efficiency by vaporizing water and the increase in the power consumption of the fan motor 9 that drives the cooling fan 8 are balanced, and the heat pump device 1 as a whole exhibits the maximum efficiency. In this state, as shown in the figure, the heat pump device 1 has an improved coefficient of performance of about 7% compared to the case where the cooling fan 8 is operated at the rated rotational speed.

本実施形態のヒートポンプ装置１では、インバータ１０によって冷却ファン８の回転数を決定しているが、タップモータや他の手段で回転速度を変更してもよい。   In the heat pump device 1 of the present embodiment, the rotation speed of the cooling fan 8 is determined by the inverter 10, but the rotation speed may be changed by a tap motor or other means.

また、本実施形態では、外気温度センサ１６で検出した温度Ｔによって、散水装置１１で凝縮器３に散水するか否かを判断しているが、スクリュ圧縮機２の吐出圧力や冷媒温度などで判断してもよい。   In the present embodiment, whether or not the water spraying device 11 sprays water into the condenser 3 is determined based on the temperature T detected by the outside air temperature sensor 16, but the discharge pressure of the screw compressor 2, the refrigerant temperature, and the like. You may judge.

本発明の実施形態のヒートポンプ装置の概略図。1 is a schematic view of a heat pump apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. 図１のヒートポンプ装置の凝縮器運転の流れ図。The flowchart of the condenser driving | running of the heat pump apparatus of FIG. 図１のヒートポンプ装置の散水時におけるファン回転数と成績係数との関係を示すグラフ。The graph which shows the relationship between the fan rotation speed at the time of watering of the heat pump apparatus of FIG. 1, and a coefficient of performance.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ ヒートポンプ装置
２ スクリュ圧縮機
３ 凝縮器
４ 受液器
５ 蒸発弁
６ 蒸発器
７ 冷媒循環流路
８ 冷却ファン
９ ファンモータ
１０ インバータ
１１ 散水装置
１３ ポンプ
１５ 凝縮器制御装置
１６ 外気温度センサ（温度検出手段） DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Heat pump apparatus 2 Screw compressor 3 Condenser 4 Receiving device 5 Evaporation valve 6 Evaporator 7 Refrigerant circulation flow path 8 Cooling fan 9 Fan motor 10 Inverter 11 Sprinkling device 13 Pump 15 Condenser control device 16 Outside temperature sensor (temperature detection) means)

Claims (3)

圧縮機と、凝縮器と、膨張弁と、蒸発器とを介設した冷媒循環流路と、
前記凝縮器に通風する冷却ファンと、
前記凝縮器に散水する散水装置とを有し、
前記散水装置の状態に応じて、前記冷却ファンの回転数を制御することを特徴とするヒートポンプ装置。 A refrigerant circulation passage having a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an evaporator;
A cooling fan that ventilates the condenser;
A watering device for watering the condenser;
A heat pump device that controls the number of revolutions of the cooling fan in accordance with the state of the watering device. 前記散水装置が前記凝縮器に散水しないときは、前記冷却ファンの回転数を所定の高速回転にし、
前記散水装置が前記凝縮器に散水するときは、前記冷却ファンの回転数を所定の低速回転にすることを特徴とする請求項１に記載のヒートポンプ装置。 When the watering device does not spray water into the condenser, the rotation speed of the cooling fan is set to a predetermined high speed,
2. The heat pump device according to claim 1, wherein when the watering device sprays water into the condenser, the number of rotations of the cooling fan is set to a predetermined low speed. 外気温度を検出する温度検出手段をさらに有し、
温度検出手段が検出した温度が所定の限界温度よりも高いとき、前記散水装置は、前記凝縮器に散水することを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載のヒートポンプ装置。 It further has a temperature detecting means for detecting the outside air temperature,
The heat pump device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the temperature detected by the temperature detecting means is higher than a predetermined limit temperature, the watering device sprays water into the condenser.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010007993A (en) * 2008-06-27 2010-01-14 Daikin Ind Ltd Refrigerant amount determining method of air conditioning device, and air conditioning device
CN110228233A (en) * 2019-07-04 2019-09-13 智慧能源有限公司 Wisdom hydrogen-rich facial tissues machine

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63201458A (en) * 1987-02-17 1988-08-19 東京瓦斯株式会社 Double effect air-cooled absorption type water heater and cooler
JP2005077029A (en) * 2003-09-02 2005-03-24 Fuji Electric Retail Systems Co Ltd Ice making machine

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63201458A (en) * 1987-02-17 1988-08-19 東京瓦斯株式会社 Double effect air-cooled absorption type water heater and cooler
JP2005077029A (en) * 2003-09-02 2005-03-24 Fuji Electric Retail Systems Co Ltd Ice making machine

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2010007993A (en) * 2008-06-27 2010-01-14 Daikin Ind Ltd Refrigerant amount determining method of air conditioning device, and air conditioning device
CN110228233A (en) * 2019-07-04 2019-09-13 智慧能源有限公司 Wisdom hydrogen-rich facial tissues machine
CN110228233B (en) * 2019-07-04 2024-01-26 中碳实业(珠海)有限公司 Intelligent hydrogen-rich wet towel machine

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