JP2007178483A - Electrophotographic photoreceptor, manufacturing method therefor, manufacturing equipment, and image forming apparatus - Google Patents
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本発明は、電子写真感光体、その製造方法、製造装置及びその電子写真感光体を具備する電子写真画像形成装置に関する。 The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a manufacturing method thereof, a manufacturing apparatus, and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus including the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
電子写真感光体の製造方法として、円筒状基体を基体保持装置に保持して光塗料に浸漬し、その後引き上げることにより塗膜を形成する浸漬塗工法が広く用いられているが、その際、基体下端部や下端内部に塗布液が付着してしまう。この付着した塗布液は感光体が組込まれる電子写真装置の構造上不必要であり、またその付着した塗布液により種々の問題が生じてしまう。 As a method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor, a dip coating method is widely used in which a cylindrical substrate is held in a substrate holding device, immersed in a light paint, and then pulled up to form a coating film. The coating liquid adheres to the lower end and the lower end. The adhering coating solution is unnecessary because of the structure of the electrophotographic apparatus in which the photosensitive member is incorporated, and the adhering coating solution causes various problems.
たとえば、付着した塗布液部は膜厚が平坦部に比べ厚くなっている為、クリーニングブレードの接触が悪くなりクリーニング不良が生じたり、そのブレードを破損したりする。また、基体下端内面に塗膜が形成されると、搬送ラインのパレットに付着しパレットを汚すことがある。電子写真装置に組み込む為に装着されるフランジの挿入及び接着時に、基体の変形、寸法、精度、接着強度などに問題が生じてしまう。さらに、画像の品質向上の為、基体の両端部の面に各種突き当て部材を接触させて精度を持たせる場合があるが、その場合、端部面の塗膜が平坦でなければ精度は著しく低下してしまう。また、付着した塗布液を除去する為、溶剤が染み込んだスポンジに接触させたまま回転させたりするが、スポンジ内にある気泡が塗膜に付着し乾燥させると塗膜の膨れやその膨れが破裂して凹状の欠陥になることがある。 For example, the attached coating liquid portion is thicker than the flat portion, so that the cleaning blade contacts poorly, resulting in poor cleaning or damage to the blade. Further, when a coating film is formed on the inner surface of the lower end of the substrate, it may adhere to the pallet of the transport line and stain the pallet. At the time of inserting and bonding a flange to be mounted for incorporation into an electrophotographic apparatus, problems arise in the deformation, dimensions, accuracy, adhesive strength, etc. of the substrate. Furthermore, in order to improve the quality of the image, there are cases where various abutting members are brought into contact with the surfaces of both ends of the substrate to give accuracy. In that case, if the coating film on the end surface is not flat, the accuracy is remarkably high. It will decline. In order to remove the applied coating solution, it is rotated while it is in contact with the sponge soaked with the solvent, but when the bubbles in the sponge adhere to the coating and are dried, the swelling of the coating and the swelling burst. May result in a concave defect.
このような問題解決の為、種々の端部塗膜除去装置及び方法がこれまでに開発されてきている。例えば、溶剤浸漬法として、特許文献1から特許文献4には塗膜を溶解する溶剤中に基体を特定の条件で浸漬し塗膜を除去する方法、特許文献5には位置決め機構を持つ除去装置を用いて溶剤に基体を浸漬し塗膜を除去する方法が提案されている。また、溶剤洗浄として、特許文献6にはノズルにて溶剤を散布し塗膜を溶解洗浄することが示されており、掻き取り除去法として、特許文献7にはブレードを接触させ塗膜除去法が、特許文献8には内面塗膜をブラシで除去することや端面の除去法が、特許文献9には内面塗膜及び外面塗膜をブラシで除去することが示されている。溶剤・スポンジ洗浄としては、特許文献10にスポンジを溶剤液面より上に露出する様に設けた塗膜除去装置が示されており、特許文献11には不職布に接触させる除去法が示されている。また、特許文献12には、塗布後の下端拭きが最適に行える時間が示されている。 In order to solve such a problem, various end coating film removing apparatuses and methods have been developed so far. For example, as a solvent immersion method, Patent Documents 1 to 4 describe a method of removing a coating film by immersing a substrate in a solvent that dissolves the coating film under specific conditions, and Patent Document 5 describes a removal device having a positioning mechanism. There has been proposed a method of removing a coating film by immersing a substrate in a solvent by using a solution. Further, as solvent cleaning, Patent Document 6 discloses that a solvent is sprayed with a nozzle to dissolve and clean a coating film. As a scraping removal method, Patent Document 7 discloses a method of removing a coating film by contacting a blade. However, Patent Document 8 shows that an inner surface coating film is removed with a brush and a method for removing an end surface, and Patent Document 9 shows that an inner surface coating film and an outer surface coating film are removed with a brush. As for solvent / sponge cleaning, Patent Document 10 discloses a coating film removing apparatus provided so that a sponge is exposed above the solvent liquid surface, and Patent Document 11 describes a removal method of contacting a non-work cloth. Has been. Patent Document 12 shows a time during which the lower end wiping after application can be optimally performed.
しかしながら、従来の技術においては以下のような問題点を有している。 However, the conventional techniques have the following problems.
(1)溶剤浸漬法では、溶剤に塗膜を溶解させ除去する方法であるが、完全に除去することはできず、また除去するのに時間がかかり、液面のゆれにより塗膜にムラが生じ、溶剤蒸気によるタレも発生して必要な塗膜まで除去、又はムラになるおそれがある。 (1) The solvent immersion method is a method in which the coating film is dissolved and removed in a solvent. However, it cannot be completely removed, and it takes time to remove the coating film. There is a possibility that sagging due to solvent vapor occurs and even a necessary coating film is removed or uneven.
(2)溶剤洗浄法でも、完全なる洗浄ができず、溶剤量も大量必要となる。また、外面塗膜の除去が別途必要となる。 (2) Even with the solvent cleaning method, complete cleaning is not possible and a large amount of solvent is required. Further, it is necessary to remove the outer coating film separately.
(3)掻き取洗浄法では、除去部材としてブレードやブラシで除去を行うが、その密着性により洗浄度が左右され、その再現性が乏しい為、完全なる除去ができない。また塗膜を余分に除去したり、基体に傷をつけたりするおそれがある。 (3) In the scraping cleaning method, removal is performed with a blade or a brush as a removing member, but the degree of cleaning is affected by the adhesion and the reproducibility is poor, so complete removal cannot be achieved. Moreover, there is a risk of removing the coating film excessively or scratching the substrate.
(4)溶剤・スポンジ洗浄では、同一のスポンジで内外面の処理を行うが、円筒状基体をそのまま溶剤中に浸漬させるため溶剤浸漬法と同様の結果となる。 (4) In the solvent / sponge cleaning, the inner and outer surfaces are treated with the same sponge, but since the cylindrical substrate is immersed in the solvent as it is, the result is the same as the solvent immersion method.
(5)不職布に接触させて除去する方法では、不職布に汚れが固着してしまい、連続塗工では不職布が塗布液で汚染され、その汚れが再付着してしまう。 (5) In the method of removing the cloth by bringing it into contact with the non-work cloth, the non-work cloth is fixed with dirt, and in the continuous coating, the non-work cloth is contaminated with the coating solution, and the dirt is reattached.
上記、いずれの場合も溶剤を用いるため、その溶剤蒸気により、電子写真感光体特性に不具合を生じる場合があった。 In any of the above cases, since a solvent is used, the solvent vapor may cause problems in the characteristics of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
本発明の目的は、円筒状基体を感光塗工液に浸漬したのち引き上げることによって、塗膜を形成する際に生じる基体端部及び内面の塗布液の付着を溶剤で除去する際に発生する電子写真感光体の電気特性の不具合、特に感度ムラを軽減できる電子写真感光体の製造方法及びその装置を提供することにある。また、それにより得られる電子写真感光体及びその電子写真感光体を具備した電子写真画像形成装置を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to generate an electron generated when a cylindrical substrate is dipped in a photosensitive coating solution and then pulled up to remove adhesion of the coating solution on the substrate end and inner surface, which occurs when forming a coating film, with a solvent. An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photosensitive member manufacturing method and apparatus capable of reducing defects in electrical characteristics of the photographic photosensitive member, particularly sensitivity unevenness. Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor obtained thereby and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus provided with the electrophotographic photoreceptor.
本発明の電子写真感光体の製造方法は、以下の特徴を有する。 The method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention has the following characteristics.
(1)円筒状基体の表面に感光体材料の塗布液を塗布して感光塗膜を形成する電子写真感光体の製造方法であって、塗布液が塗布された円筒状基体の下端を溶剤に浸漬させることなく、前記円筒状基体の下端部塗膜を除去するための溶剤を含んだ端部塗膜除去部材を有し、さらに溶剤が存在する拭取り槽において、前記拭取り槽にて発生する溶剤蒸気を排気しながら、前記円筒状基体の下端の塗膜を除去する電子写真感光体の製造方法。 (1) A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a photosensitive coating material is applied to the surface of a cylindrical substrate to form a photosensitive coating film, wherein the lower end of the cylindrical substrate coated with the coating solution is used as a solvent. It is generated in the wiping tank in a wiping tank that has an end coating film removing member containing a solvent for removing the lower end coating film of the cylindrical base without being immersed, and further has a solvent. A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the coating film on the lower end of the cylindrical substrate is removed while exhausting the solvent vapor.
これにより、円筒状基体端部は、端部塗膜除去部材に接触しても溶剤槽中に浸漬しないので、溶剤浸漬法での不具合である塗膜ムラや塗膜ダレを抑制し、さらに、下端部塗膜除去の際に、塗工された円筒状基体の塗膜面に溶剤蒸気が接触する可能性を極力低減することができるため、得られた電子写真感光体表面の電気的特性を損なうことなく、その結果、感度ムラを大幅に軽減することができる。 As a result, the cylindrical base end does not immerse in the solvent tank even if it contacts the end coating removal member, thus suppressing coating unevenness and sagging, which are defects in the solvent soaking method, The possibility of solvent vapor coming into contact with the coated surface of the coated cylindrical substrate can be reduced as much as possible when removing the coating film on the lower end, so that the electrical characteristics of the surface of the obtained electrophotographic photoreceptor can be reduced. As a result, the sensitivity unevenness can be greatly reduced without loss.
(2)上記(1)に記載の電子写真感光体の製造方法において、前記円筒状基体の下端の塗膜部分が、前記端部塗膜除去部材に接触するまでの時間が、塗布液の塗布完了から1分以内であることを特徴とする電子写真感光体の製造方法。 (2) In the method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to the above (1), the time until the coating film portion at the lower end of the cylindrical substrate contacts the end coating film removing member 1. A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, characterized by being within one minute from completion.
これにより円筒状基体端部に付着した塗布液の溶剤が蒸発し形状が決まる前に端部の塗膜処理が可能となる。 As a result, the coating film on the end can be processed before the solvent of the coating solution adhering to the end of the cylindrical substrate evaporates and the shape is determined.
(3)上記(1)または(2)に記載の電子写真感光体の製造方法において、前記端部塗膜除去部材は、吸水性を持った弾性部材である。 (3) In the method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to (1) or (2), the end coating film removing member is an elastic member having water absorption.
吸水性を持った弾性部材(スポンジ状)を用いると、溶剤により伸縮するため基体への密着性に優れ、溶剤をよく吸収するので洗浄度が良くなり、かつ基体を傷つけるおそれがない。 When an elastic member (sponge-like) having water absorbency is used, it expands and contracts with a solvent, so that it has excellent adhesion to the substrate, absorbs the solvent well, improves the degree of cleaning, and does not damage the substrate.
(4)上記(1)のいずれか1個に記載の電子写真感光体の製造方法において、前記端部塗膜除去部材から常時または間欠で溶剤をオーバーフローさせる電子写真感光体の製造方法。 (4) The method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member according to any one of the above (1), wherein the solvent is overflowed from the end coating film removing member constantly or intermittently.
円筒状基体端部の塗膜除去処理の時以外に外部から溶剤が供給され、端部塗膜除去部材に付着した端部処理後の塗布液を溶解洗浄するので、常に一定の洗浄効果が得られる。 Since the solvent is supplied from the outside and the coating liquid after the edge treatment attached to the edge coating film removal member is dissolved and washed except when the coating film is removed from the end of the cylindrical substrate, a constant cleaning effect is always obtained. It is done.
(5)円筒状基体の表面に感光体材料の塗布液を塗布して感光塗膜を形成する電子写真感光体の製造装置において、塗布液が塗布された円筒状基体の下端部塗膜を除去するための溶剤を含んだ端部塗膜除去部材と、前記端部塗膜除去部材が配設され、前記円筒状基体の下端部塗膜の除去処理以外は密閉可能な拭取り槽と、前記端部塗膜除去部材から溶剤が常時または間欠でオーバーフローするように前記端部塗膜除去部材に供給する溶剤供給手段と、前記拭取り槽中の溶剤蒸気を排出する排気手段と、を有する電子写真感光体の製造装置。 (5) In an electrophotographic photoreceptor manufacturing apparatus that forms a photosensitive coating film by applying a coating solution of a photosensitive material to the surface of a cylindrical substrate, the lower end coating film of the cylindrical substrate coated with the coating solution is removed. An end coating film removing member containing a solvent for carrying out, the end coating film removing member is disposed, and a wiping tank which can be sealed except for the removal treatment of the lower end coating film of the cylindrical substrate, An electron having a solvent supply means for supplying the end paint film removing member to the end paint film removing member so that the solvent overflows from the end paint film removing member constantly or intermittently, and an exhaust means for discharging the solvent vapor in the wiping tank. Photoconductor manufacturing device.
(6)上記(5)に記載の電子写真感光体の製造装置において、前記拭取り槽には、前記拭取り槽中の溶剤蒸気量を検出する検出器が設けられ、前記排気手段は、前記検出器の出力に応じて拭取り槽から溶剤蒸気を排気する電子写真感光体の製造方法。 (6) In the electrophotographic photosensitive member manufacturing apparatus according to (5), the wiping tank is provided with a detector that detects an amount of solvent vapor in the wiping tank, and the exhaust unit includes the exhaust unit, A method for producing an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which solvent vapor is exhausted from a wiping tank in accordance with the output of a detector.
(7)上記(1)から(4)のいずれか1つに記載された電子写真感光体の製造方法または上記(5)または(6)に記載された電子写真感光体の製造装置を用いて製造された電子写真感光体。 (7) Using the method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member described in any one of (1) to (4) above or the apparatus for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member described in (5) or (6) above. The produced electrophotographic photoreceptor.
(8)画像エリア内の軸方向に露光後の表面電位(VL)を測定した場合の軸方向の露光後の表面電位(VL)の変動幅が、電子写真感光体の一端部の露光後の表面電位(VL1)と電子写真感光体の他端部の露光後の表面電位(VL2)との差の絶対値(|VL1−VL2|)が20V以内である電子写真感光体。 (8) When the surface potential (VL) after exposure in the axial direction in the image area is measured, the fluctuation range of the surface potential (VL) after exposure in the axial direction is the same as that after exposure of one end of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. An electrophotographic photosensitive member in which an absolute value (| VL1-VL2 |) of a difference between a surface potential (VL1) and a surface potential (VL2) after exposure at the other end of the electrophotographic photosensitive member is within 20V.
(9)上記(7)または(8)に記載の電子写真感光体を具備する電子写真画像形成装置。 (9) An electrophotographic image forming apparatus comprising the electrophotographic photosensitive member according to (7) or (8).
したがって、精度よく塗膜を除去され、感度ムラの小さい電子写真感光体を具備し優れた画像形成装置を提供できる。 Therefore, it is possible to provide an excellent image forming apparatus having an electrophotographic photosensitive member with a highly sensitive removal of coating film and small sensitivity unevenness.
本発明によれば、円筒状基体端部は、端部塗膜除去部材に接触しても溶剤槽中に浸漬しないので、溶剤浸漬法での不具合である塗膜ムラや塗膜ダレを抑制し、さらに、下端部塗膜除去の際に、塗工された円筒状基体の塗膜面に溶剤蒸気が接触する可能性を極力低減することができる。これにより、得られた電子写真感光体表面の電気的特性を損なうことなく、感度ムラを大幅に軽減することができる。 According to the present invention, since the end of the cylindrical substrate does not immerse in the solvent tank even when it comes into contact with the end coating film removing member, it suppresses coating unevenness and sagging that are defects in the solvent dipping method. Furthermore, when removing the lower end coating film, the possibility that the solvent vapor comes into contact with the coating film surface of the coated cylindrical substrate can be reduced as much as possible. Thereby, sensitivity unevenness can be greatly reduced without impairing the electrical characteristics of the surface of the obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member.
本発明について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。 The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
図1には、電子写真感光体の製造装置の一例が示されている。図1に示すように、電子写真感光体の製造装置は、大きく分けて浸漬塗布装置と端部洗浄装置とからなる。浸漬塗布装置は、塗布液が貯留された塗布液槽30と、昇降装置20に設けられたパイプチャック装置21に保持された円筒状基体24の表面に感光塗膜を形成するための少なくとも1槽の浸漬槽30とを有し、さらに、浸漬槽30には、塗布液が貯溜されている。また、浸漬槽30の上方には、液受けトレイ28が設けられ、この液受けトレイ28は、塗布液槽36からポンプ34、フィルタ32を介して供給され浸漬槽30の開口部からオーバーフローした塗装液を一時貯留するものであり、液受けトレイ28中の塗布液は一定量を残して塗布液槽36に戻される。また、液受けトレイ28の上面には、複数の円筒状基体24を浸漬槽30に案内可能であって且つ液受けトレイ28および浸漬槽30からの塗布液の溶媒蒸発を抑制するための複数開口部を有するフード26が設けられている。なお、上記パイプチャック装置21は、昇降可能かつ水平移動可能に構成された水平アームと、当該水平アームに垂直に吊持され且つ円筒状基体の筒内に挿入される挿入軸とから成る。 FIG. 1 shows an example of an electrophotographic photoreceptor manufacturing apparatus. As shown in FIG. 1, the electrophotographic photoreceptor manufacturing apparatus is roughly divided into a dip coating apparatus and an edge cleaning apparatus. The dip coating apparatus includes at least one tank for forming a photosensitive coating film on the surface of a cylindrical substrate 24 held by a coating liquid tank 30 in which a coating liquid is stored and a pipe chuck device 21 provided in the lifting device 20. In addition, a coating liquid is stored in the immersion tank 30. A liquid receiving tray 28 is provided above the immersion tank 30. The liquid receiving tray 28 is supplied from the coating liquid tank 36 via the pump 34 and the filter 32 and overflows from the opening of the immersion tank 30. The liquid is temporarily stored, and the coating liquid in the liquid receiving tray 28 is returned to the coating liquid tank 36 leaving a certain amount. A plurality of openings for controlling a plurality of cylindrical substrates 24 to be immersed in the immersion bath 30 and suppressing solvent evaporation of the coating solution from the liquid receiving tray 28 and the immersion bath 30 are provided on the upper surface of the liquid receiving tray 28. A hood 26 having a portion is provided. The pipe chuck device 21 includes a horizontal arm configured to be movable up and down and horizontally movable, and an insertion shaft that is suspended vertically by the horizontal arm and inserted into a cylinder of a cylindrical base.
また、塗布液槽36には、撹拌装置38が設けられ、この撹拌装置38によって均一に塗布液が撹拌されている。さらに、塗布液槽36の外周にはジャケットが設けられ塗布液の温度がコントロールされている。また、塗布液は、塗布液槽36からポンプ34、フィルタ32を介して浸漬槽30に送液され、浸漬槽30からオーバーフローした塗布液は液受けトレイ28を介して再度塗布液槽36に戻る。すなわち、塗布液は循環している。なお、循環中に塗布液中の溶媒が蒸発する可能性があるため、塗布液槽36では、塗液粘度が測定され、適正な粘度になるように適宜溶媒などが補充されている。 The coating solution tank 36 is provided with a stirring device 38, and the coating solution is uniformly stirred by the stirring device 38. Further, a jacket is provided on the outer periphery of the coating solution tank 36 to control the temperature of the coating solution. The coating liquid is fed from the coating liquid tank 36 to the immersion tank 30 via the pump 34 and the filter 32, and the coating liquid overflowing from the immersion tank 30 returns to the coating liquid tank 36 again via the liquid receiving tray 28. . That is, the coating liquid circulates. In addition, since the solvent in the coating liquid may evaporate during the circulation, the coating liquid viscosity is measured in the coating liquid tank 36, and a solvent or the like is appropriately replenished so as to obtain an appropriate viscosity.
上述した浸漬塗布装置を用いる浸漬塗布は、オーバーフローによって塗布液の液面が一定に維持された浸漬槽中に、円筒状基体24を垂直に降下させて浸漬し、次いで、円筒状基体24を垂直に上昇させて引き上げることにより行う。その際、円筒状基体24の下降および上昇速度を制御することにより、円筒状基体24の周りの塗布液面の振動を防止し、塗布欠陥(流れムラ)を防止することが出来る。なお、円筒状基体24の昇降は上記パイプチャック装置21を使用して行う。積層型電子写真感光体を製造する場合、上記の浸漬塗布は、電荷発生層用の塗布液の塗布と、電荷輸送層用の塗布液の塗布とについてそれぞれに実施される。 In the dip coating using the dip coating apparatus described above, the cylindrical substrate 24 is vertically lowered and immersed in a dipping tank in which the liquid level of the coating solution is maintained constant by overflow, and then the cylindrical substrate 24 is vertically immersed. It is done by raising it and pulling it up. At that time, by controlling the descending and rising speeds of the cylindrical substrate 24, vibration of the coating liquid surface around the cylindrical substrate 24 can be prevented, and coating defects (flow unevenness) can be prevented. The cylindrical base 24 is moved up and down using the pipe chuck device 21. In the case of producing a laminated electrophotographic photosensitive member, the above-described dip coating is performed for each of coating of a coating solution for a charge generation layer and coating of a coating solution for a charge transport layer.
端部洗浄装置は、拭取り槽40を有し、拭取り槽40の上面には、拭き取り用の溶剤の蒸発を防止するためのシャッタ42が設けられ、また拭取り槽42内には、端部塗膜除去部材50が配設されている。 The edge cleaning device has a wiping tank 40, and a shutter 42 for preventing evaporation of the wiping solvent is provided on the upper surface of the wiping tank 40. A partial coating film removing member 50 is provided.
図1に示す様に、円筒状基体の表面に塗布液を塗布した後、乾燥前に円筒状基体の下端を端部洗浄装置に接触させることが重要である。上記の操作では、通常、パイプチャック装置21に保持された円筒状基体を垂直に下降させ、溶剤槽内に配置された端部塗膜除去部材50に接触させる。これにより、塗布液から引き上げた円筒状基体の下端縁に表面張力によって厚く付着した塗布液を端部塗膜除去部材50に吸収させることが出来る。 As shown in FIG. 1, it is important that after the coating liquid is applied to the surface of the cylindrical substrate, the lower end of the cylindrical substrate is brought into contact with the edge cleaning device before drying. In the above operation, the cylindrical substrate held by the pipe chuck device 21 is normally lowered vertically and brought into contact with the end coating film removing member 50 disposed in the solvent tank. As a result, the coating liquid that is thickly attached to the lower end edge of the cylindrical substrate pulled up from the coating liquid by the surface tension can be absorbed by the end coating film removing member 50.
[実施の形態1]
次に、図2を用いて、本実施の形態1の端部洗浄装置の構成について説明する。
[Embodiment 1]
Next, the configuration of the edge cleaning apparatus according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
図2に示すように、端部洗浄装置は、塗布液が塗布された円筒状基体の下端部塗膜を除去するための溶剤を含んだ端部塗膜除去部材50と、端部塗膜除去部材50が配設され円筒状基体の下端部塗膜の除去処理以外は密閉可能なようにシャッタ42が設けられた拭取り槽40と、端部塗膜除去部材50から溶剤が常時または間欠でオーバーフローするように端部塗膜除去部材に供給する溶剤供給手段と、拭取り槽40中の溶剤蒸気を排出する排気手段と、を有する。 As shown in FIG. 2, the edge cleaning device includes an edge coating film removing member 50 containing a solvent for removing the coating film on the lower end of the cylindrical substrate coated with the coating liquid, and an edge coating film removal. The member 50 is disposed and the solvent is constantly or intermittently provided from the wiping tank 40 provided with the shutter 42 so as to be able to be sealed except for the removal processing of the lower end coating film of the cylindrical substrate, and the end coating film removing member 50. Solvent supply means for supplying the end coating film removing member to overflow, and exhaust means for discharging the solvent vapor in the wiping tank 40.
さらに詳細に説明すると、上記溶剤供給手段は、端部塗膜除去部材50の内面に設けられた溶剤吐出ノズル46と拭き取り液リザーバタンク52とを連結する配管と、拭き取り液リザーバタンク52に貯留されている拭き取り用の溶剤を溶剤吐出ノズル46に供給する拭き取り液送液ポンプ48とからなり、さらに、送液方向において拭き取り液送液ポンプ48より下流にフィルタ54が設けられている。 More specifically, the solvent supply means is stored in the wiping liquid reservoir tank 52 and a pipe connecting the solvent discharge nozzle 46 and the wiping liquid reservoir tank 52 provided on the inner surface of the end coating film removing member 50. The wiping liquid feed pump 48 supplies the wiping solvent to the solvent discharge nozzle 46, and a filter 54 is provided downstream of the wiping liquid feed pump 48 in the liquid feeding direction.
さらに、端部塗膜除去部材50には、常時または間欠的に溶剤吐出ノズル46を介して溶剤が供給されている。したがって、端部塗膜除去部材50は常に溶剤を含浸した状態となっている。これにより、塗工された円筒状基体の端部塗膜を除去した際に、端部塗膜除去部材50の表面に付着する塗膜成分を洗い流すことができる。しかしながら、上述のように、端部塗膜除去部材50に含浸された溶剤が蒸発するとともに、溶剤吐出ノズル46から供給され端部塗膜除去部材50に含浸されたのち、オーバーフローして拭取り槽40に一時貯留する溶剤が蒸発する。したがって、円筒状基体端部塗膜除去処理以外の時はシャッタ42により密閉されている拭取り槽40内の溶剤蒸気濃度はかなり高い状態になっている。したがって、シャッタ42を開けて直ぐに円筒状基体を拭取り槽40に降下させると、この高濃度の溶剤蒸気が感光塗膜に接触し、接触した箇所の電気的特性が変化し、得られた電子写真感光体の感度にムラが生じるおそれがある。そこで、本実施の形態では、排気手段は、拭取り槽40に設けられたシャッタ42であって、図3A、図3Bを用いて後述するように、塗工された円筒状基体の端部洗浄を行い前に、一定時間シャッタ42を開けて、拭取り槽40内の溶剤蒸気を排出させている。 Further, the end coating film removing member 50 is supplied with a solvent through a solvent discharge nozzle 46 constantly or intermittently. Therefore, the end coating film removing member 50 is always in a state of being impregnated with the solvent. Thereby, when the edge part coating film of the coated cylindrical base | substrate is removed, the coating-film component adhering to the surface of the edge part coating-film removal member 50 can be washed away. However, as described above, the solvent impregnated in the end coating film removing member 50 evaporates, and after being supplied from the solvent discharge nozzle 46 and impregnated in the end coating film removing member 50, overflows and wipes away. The solvent temporarily stored in 40 evaporates. Therefore, the solvent vapor concentration in the wiping tank 40 sealed by the shutter 42 is considerably high at times other than the cylindrical base end coating film removal process. Therefore, when the cylindrical substrate is lowered to the wiping tank 40 immediately after opening the shutter 42, the high concentration solvent vapor comes into contact with the photosensitive coating film, and the electrical characteristics of the contacted portion change, resulting in the obtained electrons. There is a risk of unevenness in the sensitivity of the photoconductor. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the exhaust means is a shutter 42 provided in the wiping tank 40, and as will be described later with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the edge of the coated cylindrical substrate is cleaned. Before performing this operation, the shutter 42 is opened for a certain period of time, and the solvent vapor in the wiping tank 40 is discharged.
また、端部塗膜除去部材50は、溶剤吐出ノズル46の外周に設けられ、溶剤吐出ノズル46の先端には内面拭き取り回転ヘッド44が設けられている。一方、溶剤吐出ノズル46の下端には、第1のプーリが設けられ、一方、回転モータ56の回転軸には第2のプーリが設けられている。そして、第1のプーリと第2のプーリとは、ベルトにより回転可能に連結されている。したがって、回転モータ56を回転駆動させると、第2のプーリが回転し、これによりベルトが移動して第1のプーリも回転する。この第1のプーリの回転によって、溶剤吐出ノズル46が回転し、溶剤吐出ノズル46の外周に設けられた塗膜除去部材50も回転する。 The end coating film removing member 50 is provided on the outer periphery of the solvent discharge nozzle 46, and an inner surface wiping rotary head 44 is provided at the tip of the solvent discharge nozzle 46. On the other hand, a first pulley is provided at the lower end of the solvent discharge nozzle 46, while a second pulley is provided on the rotating shaft of the rotary motor 56. And the 1st pulley and the 2nd pulley are connected by the belt so that rotation is possible. Therefore, when the rotary motor 56 is driven to rotate, the second pulley rotates, whereby the belt moves and the first pulley also rotates. By the rotation of the first pulley, the solvent discharge nozzle 46 rotates, and the coating film removing member 50 provided on the outer periphery of the solvent discharge nozzle 46 also rotates.
したがって、端部塗膜除去部材50には、拭き取り液リザーバタンク52から拭き取り液送液ポンプ48によって送液されフィルタ54により不純物が除去された拭き取り用溶剤がメカニカルシールを介して供給され、一方、回転モータ56を駆動させることによって、塗工された円筒状基体の下端内部に付着した塗布液を、端部塗膜除去部材50を回転させながら含浸した溶剤によって拭き取り除去することができる。その結果、円筒状基体の下端部及び内部の塗布液の付着を解消することが出来、その後の乾燥によって円筒状基体の表面全体に均一厚さの塗膜を形成することが出来る。しかも、パレットに搭載した場合にも当該パレットを汚すことがなく、さらに搬送ラインにおける清浄度を保つことが出来る。 Accordingly, the end coating film removing member 50 is supplied with the wiping solvent, which is fed from the wiping liquid reservoir tank 52 by the wiping liquid feeding pump 48 and impurities are removed by the filter 54, through the mechanical seal, By driving the rotary motor 56, the coating liquid adhering to the inside of the lower end of the coated cylindrical substrate can be wiped off with the impregnated solvent while rotating the end coating film removing member 50. As a result, it is possible to eliminate adhesion of the coating liquid at the lower end portion and inside the cylindrical substrate, and a coating having a uniform thickness can be formed on the entire surface of the cylindrical substrate by subsequent drying. Moreover, even when mounted on a pallet, the pallet is not soiled, and the cleanliness in the transport line can be maintained.
端部塗膜除去部材50としては、吸水性を持った弾性部材であり、スポンジや不職布が挙げられる。スポンジとしては、たとえば、ポリウレタン、ポリエチレン、ポリセルロ−ス、ゴム等の耐溶剤性のスポンジや、不職布としては、コットンや、ナイロン−6やナイロン−6,6等のポリアミド、ポリエステル、アイソタクチックポリプロピレン、ポリエチレンなどが挙げられる。形状は使用する溶剤により溶け難い材質を使用し基体に適度に接触するよう加工すればよい。また、使用する溶剤は、塗膜を溶解しうるものであり、特に感光塗工液に使用している溶剤であることが望ましい。 The end coating film removing member 50 is an elastic member having water absorption, and examples thereof include sponges and unemployed cloths. Examples of sponges include solvent-resistant sponges such as polyurethane, polyethylene, polycellulose, and rubber. Examples of unemployed fabrics include cotton, polyamides such as nylon-6 and nylon-6,6, polyesters, and isotactics. Examples thereof include tic polypropylene and polyethylene. The shape may be processed using a material that is not easily dissolved by the solvent to be used so as to be in proper contact with the substrate. The solvent to be used is one that can dissolve the coating film, and is particularly preferably a solvent used in the photosensitive coating solution.
さらに、図3A、図3Bを用いて、端部洗浄装置およびその動作について説明する。なお、図1,2で説明した構成要素には、同一の符号を付し、その説明を省略する。 Further, the edge cleaning device and its operation will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B. The components described in FIGS. 1 and 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.
図3Bに示すように、本実施の形態では、塗工された円筒状基体60を上述したパイプチェック装置を用いて保持しながら拭取り槽50に降下させる。その際、一気に円筒状基体60を降下させるのではなく、まず、シャッタ42を開けて、所定時間、例えば60秒間保持し、槽内の溶剤蒸気を排気したのち、円筒状基体60を所定の位置まで、降下させ、端部塗膜除去部材50に接触させ、端部塗膜除去部材50を上述した回転モータにより回転させることにより、円筒状基体60の内面下端部の塗膜を除去することができる。これにより、塗布液から引き上げた円筒状基体の下端縁に表面張力によって厚く付着した塗布液を端部塗膜除去部材に吸収させることが出来る。 As shown in FIG. 3B, in the present embodiment, the coated cylindrical substrate 60 is lowered to the wiping tank 50 while being held using the pipe check device described above. At that time, instead of lowering the cylindrical base 60 at a stretch, first, the shutter 42 is opened, held for a predetermined time, for example, 60 seconds, the solvent vapor in the tank is exhausted, and then the cylindrical base 60 is moved to a predetermined position. Until the end coating film removing member 50 is brought into contact with the end coating film removing member 50, and the end coating film removing member 50 is rotated by the rotary motor described above, thereby removing the coating film on the lower end on the inner surface of the cylindrical substrate 60. it can. Thereby, the coating liquid which adhered to the lower end edge of the cylindrical base pulled up from the coating liquid thickly by the surface tension can be absorbed by the end coating film removing member.
さらに、下端内部に付着した塗布液を端部塗膜除去部材に再び溶剤を供給しながら内側端部塗膜除去部材を円筒状基体60の内部に接触させ、次に回転を行う。数回転後、端部洗浄装置を元の位置に戻し円筒状基体60の内部から端部塗膜除去部材を離し円筒状基体60を上昇させる。また、場合によっては、この動作を繰り返す。拭き取り後は、図3Aの状態にもどる。 Further, the inner end coating film removing member is brought into contact with the inside of the cylindrical base body 60 while supplying the coating liquid adhering to the inside of the lower end to the end coating film removing member again, and then rotating. After several rotations, the end cleaning device is returned to the original position, and the end coating film removing member is separated from the inside of the cylindrical base 60 to raise the cylindrical base 60. In some cases, this operation is repeated. After wiping, the state returns to the state shown in FIG. 3A.
[実施の形態2]
次に、図4A、図4Bを用いて、本実施の形態2の端部洗浄装置の構成について説明する。なお、図1,2,3A,3Bで説明した構成要素には、同一の符号を付し、その説明を省略する。
[Embodiment 2]
Next, the configuration of the edge cleaning apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component demonstrated in FIG. 1, 2, 3A, 3B, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
本実施の形態の端部洗浄装置では、拭取り槽40と拭き取り液リザーバタンク52とを連結する溶剤戻り配管70の途中に排気配管72が連結されている。この排気配管72が排気手段である。ここで、排気配管72は、拭取り槽40内の溶剤面と同じ位置又はそれより下方に配置されている。このように、溶剤蒸気の自重を利用することによって、空気より重い溶剤蒸気の排気が促進される。排気配管72に連結されたバルブを常時又は間欠的に開にすることによって、拭取り槽40内の溶剤蒸気量を減少させることができる。これにより、シャッタ42を開けた直後に円筒状基体60を降下させても、溶剤蒸気により感光塗膜の特性が変化するおそれがない。 In the edge cleaning apparatus of the present embodiment, an exhaust pipe 72 is connected in the middle of a solvent return pipe 70 that connects the wiping tank 40 and the wiping liquid reservoir tank 52. This exhaust pipe 72 is an exhaust means. Here, the exhaust pipe 72 is disposed at the same position as or below the solvent surface in the wiping tank 40. In this way, exhaustion of the solvent vapor heavier than air is promoted by utilizing the dead weight of the solvent vapor. By opening the valve connected to the exhaust pipe 72 constantly or intermittently, the amount of solvent vapor in the wiping tank 40 can be reduced. Thereby, even if the cylindrical substrate 60 is lowered immediately after the shutter 42 is opened, there is no possibility that the characteristics of the photosensitive coating film are changed by the solvent vapor.
また、本実施の形態では、排気配管72にバルブが設けられ、溶剤蒸気排気配管を介して溶剤回収槽72に連結されている。これにより、溶剤蒸気が作業環境下に放出されることもなく、また回収された溶剤を再度拭き取り用の溶剤として再利用することができ、経済的である。 In the present embodiment, the exhaust pipe 72 is provided with a valve and connected to the solvent recovery tank 72 through the solvent vapor exhaust pipe. As a result, the solvent vapor is not released into the working environment, and the recovered solvent can be reused as a wiping solvent, which is economical.
なお、排出される溶剤蒸気量が少ない場合などでは、溶剤回収槽72に連結させることなく、排気配管72から溶剤蒸気を放出させても構わない。 When the amount of solvent vapor to be discharged is small, the solvent vapor may be discharged from the exhaust pipe 72 without being connected to the solvent recovery tank 72.
[実施の形態3]
次に、図5A、図5Bを用いて、本実施の形態2の端部洗浄装置の構成について説明する。なお、図1,2,3A,3B,4A,4Bで説明した構成要素には、同一の符号を付し、その説明を省略する。
[Embodiment 3]
Next, the configuration of the edge cleaning apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component demonstrated in FIG. 1, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
本実施の形態では、上記図4A,図4Bで説明した実施の形態2の端部洗浄装置の構成に、さらに、溶剤蒸気量を検出する検出器を備えている。 In the present embodiment, a detector for detecting the amount of solvent vapor is further provided in the configuration of the edge cleaning device of the second embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 4A and 4B.
すなわち、図5A,図5Bに示すように、拭取り槽40の内壁にセンサ80が設けられており、センサ80の検出結果に応じて、排気配管72に連結されたバルブを開けることにより、溶剤蒸気を排出させ、拭取り槽40内の溶剤蒸気量を一定濃度以下に保つことができる。これにより、シャッタ42を開けた直後に円筒状基体60を降下させても、溶剤蒸気により感光塗膜の特性が変化するおそれがない。 That is, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, a sensor 80 is provided on the inner wall of the wiping tank 40, and the solvent connected to the exhaust pipe 72 is opened according to the detection result of the sensor 80. Steam can be discharged and the amount of solvent vapor in the wiping tank 40 can be kept below a certain concentration. Thereby, even if the cylindrical substrate 60 is lowered immediately after the shutter 42 is opened, there is no possibility that the characteristics of the photosensitive coating film are changed by the solvent vapor.
なお、上記センサ80としては、例えば、ガス検知等にも用いられる(「DD671」、理研計器社製)などのガスセンサや、拭取り槽40の内壁の対峙面に赤外線センサを設けて、透過度によって溶剤蒸気濃度を検出させてもよい。なお、溶剤蒸気は空気より重いため、拭取り槽40の内壁面下方に設けることが好ましい。 As the sensor 80, for example, a gas sensor used for gas detection or the like (“DD671”, manufactured by Riken Keiki Co., Ltd.) or an infrared sensor is provided on the opposite surface of the inner wall of the wiping tank 40, and the transmittance. The solvent vapor concentration may be detected by In addition, since solvent vapor | steam is heavier than air, it is preferable to provide below the inner wall face of the wiping tank 40. FIG.
[実施の形態4]
次に、図6を用いて、本実施の形態2の端部洗浄装置の構成について説明する。なお、図1,2,3A,3B,4A,4B,5A,5Bで説明した構成要素には、同一の符号を付し、その説明を省略する。
[Embodiment 4]
Next, the configuration of the edge cleaning apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component demonstrated in FIG. 1, 2, 3A, 3B, 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
本実施の形態では、拭取り槽80の側面に排気配管72a,72bを設けている以外は、他の実施の形態の端部洗浄装置と同じ構成である。直接拭取り槽80に排気配管72s,72bが設けられているため、溶剤蒸気の排気が促進され、短時間で、拭取り槽80内の溶剤蒸気量を一定濃度以下に保つことができる。したがって、シャッタ42を開けた直後に円筒状基体60を降下させても、溶剤蒸気により感光塗膜の特性が変化するおそれがない。なお、排気配管は、本実施の形態では2管であるが、これに限定されるものでなく、1管であってもよく、またさらに複数設けてもよい。 In the present embodiment, the configuration is the same as that of the edge cleaning device of the other embodiments except that the exhaust pipes 72a and 72b are provided on the side surface of the wiping tank 80. Since the exhaust pipes 72s and 72b are directly provided in the wiping tank 80, the exhaust of the solvent vapor is promoted, and the amount of the solvent vapor in the wiping tank 80 can be kept below a certain concentration in a short time. Therefore, even if the cylindrical substrate 60 is lowered immediately after the shutter 42 is opened, there is no possibility that the characteristics of the photosensitive coating film are changed by the solvent vapor. The exhaust pipe is two pipes in the present embodiment, but is not limited to this, and may be one pipe or a plurality of exhaust pipes.
なお、本実施の形態において、上述したガスセンサを設けて、排気配管72の開閉およびシャッタ42を開けた後の円筒状基体の降下時間を設定してもよい。 In the present embodiment, the gas sensor described above may be provided to set the opening time of the exhaust pipe 72 and the descent time of the cylindrical substrate after the shutter 42 is opened.
上述したいずれかの端部洗浄後は、図示しないが、チャック装置にて保持した円筒状基体を搬送ラインのパレットに移載して乾燥工程へ送り、円筒状基体の外周面を乾燥させて当該外周面に感光塗膜を形成する。 After any of the above-described end cleaning, although not shown, the cylindrical substrate held by the chuck device is transferred to the pallet of the transfer line and sent to the drying process, and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical substrate is dried. A photosensitive coating film is formed on the outer peripheral surface.
乾燥方法は、従来公知の昇温乾燥法または自然乾燥法によって行う。昇温乾燥法は、空気対流式乾燥装置(熱風式乾燥装置)を使用し、円筒状基体の温度を所定の温度まで昇温して塗布液の乾燥を行う乾燥法である。昇温乾燥法では、いわゆる泡欠陥の発生を防止するため、昇温速度などが制御される。また、自然乾燥法は、カバーでシールされた空間内に円筒状基体を静止させて自然乾燥する方法である。自然乾燥法では、乾燥速度を調整して厚さムラの発生を防止するため、シールド空間内の溶媒蒸気の濃度が制御される。 The drying method is performed by a conventionally known temperature rising drying method or natural drying method. The temperature rising drying method is a drying method in which an air convection drying device (hot air drying device) is used and the temperature of the cylindrical substrate is raised to a predetermined temperature to dry the coating liquid. In the temperature rising drying method, the temperature rising rate and the like are controlled in order to prevent so-called bubble defects. The natural drying method is a method in which the cylindrical substrate is statically dried in a space sealed with a cover. In the natural drying method, the concentration of the solvent vapor in the shield space is controlled in order to adjust the drying speed and prevent the occurrence of thickness unevenness.
上述した電子写真感光体の製造装置および製造方法を用いて製造される電子写真感光体を構成する部材および材料について、以下に説明する。 The members and materials constituting the electrophotographic photosensitive member manufactured using the above-described electrophotographic photosensitive member manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method will be described below.
本発明において、円筒状基体は、従来公知の各種のものを使用することが出来る。例えば、アルミニウム、黄銅、ステンレス等の金属材料、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリプロピレン、ナイロン、ポリスチレン、フエノール樹脂などの高分子材料、または、硬質紙などのその他の材料を円筒状に成形して使用することが出来る。絶縁体材料の場合は、導電処理する必要があるが、当該処理法としては、導電物質の含浸、金属箔の積層、金属の蒸着などの方法が挙げられる。また、通常、円筒状基体の外径は20〜150mm、長さは250〜1000cmの範囲である。さらに必要に応じて導電性支持体の表面は、画質に影響のない範囲で各種の処理を行うことができる。例えば、表面の酸化処理や薬品処理、及び、着色処理等または、砂目立てなどの乱反射処理等を行うことができる。 In the present invention, various conventionally known cylindrical substrates can be used. For example, metallic materials such as aluminum, brass, and stainless steel, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polymer materials such as polypropylene, nylon, polystyrene, and phenol resin, or other materials such as hard paper are used in a cylindrical shape. I can do it. In the case of an insulator material, it is necessary to conduct a conductive treatment. Examples of the treatment method include methods such as impregnation with a conductive substance, lamination of metal foil, and vapor deposition of metal. Further, the outer diameter of the cylindrical base is usually 20 to 150 mm and the length is 250 to 1000 cm. Furthermore, if necessary, the surface of the conductive support can be subjected to various treatments within a range that does not affect the image quality. For example, surface oxidation treatment, chemical treatment, coloring treatment, or irregular reflection treatment such as graining can be performed.
必要により、下引き層を設けることもできる。下引き層に用いられる材料としては、ジルコニウムキレート化合物、ジルコニウムアルコキシド化合物、ジルコニウムカップリング剤などの有機ジルコニウム化合物、チタンキレート化合物、チタンアルコキシド化合物、チタネートカップリング剤などの有機チタン化合物、アルミニウムキレート化合物、、アルミニウムカップリング剤などの有機アルミニウム化合物のほか、アンチモンアルコキシド化合物、ゲルマニウムアルコキシド化合物、インジウムアルコキシド化合物、インジウムキレート化合物、マンガンアルコキシド化合物、マンガンキレート化合物、スズアルコキシド化合物、スズキレート化合物、アルミニウムシリコンアルコキシド化合物、アルミニウムチタンアルコキシド化合物、アルミニウムジルコニウムアルコキシド化合物、などの有機金属化合物、とくに有機ジルコニウム化合物、有機チタニル化合物、有機アルミニウム化合物は残留電位が低く良好な電子写真特性を示すため、好ましく使用される。また、ビニルトリクロロシラン、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、ビニルトリス2メトキシエトキシシラン、ビニルトリアセトキシシラン、γ−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、γ−クロロプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−2−−アミノエチルアミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−メルカプロプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ−ウレイドプロピルトリエトキシシラン、β−3,4−エポキシシクロヘキシルトリメトキシシラン等のシランカップリング剤を含有させて使用することができる。さらに、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルメチルエーテル、ポリ−N−ビニルイミダゾール、ポリエチレノキシド、エチルセルロース、メチルセルロース、エチレン-アクリル酸共重合体、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、カゼイン、ゼラチン、ポリエチレン、ポリエステル、フェノール樹脂、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、エポキシ樹脂、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルピリジン、ポリウレタン、ポリグルタミン酸、ポリアクリル酸等の公知の結着樹脂を用いることもできる。 If necessary, an undercoat layer can be provided. As materials used for the undercoat layer, zirconium chelate compounds, zirconium alkoxide compounds, organic zirconium compounds such as zirconium coupling agents, titanium chelate compounds, titanium alkoxide compounds, organic titanium compounds such as titanate coupling agents, aluminum chelate compounds, In addition to organoaluminum compounds such as aluminum coupling agents, antimony alkoxide compounds, germanium alkoxide compounds, indium alkoxide compounds, indium chelate compounds, manganese alkoxide compounds, manganese chelate compounds, tin alkoxide compounds, tin chelate compounds, aluminum silicon alkoxide compounds, Aluminum titanium alkoxide compound, aluminum zirconium alkoxide Compounds, organometallic compounds such as, in particular an organic zirconium compound, an organic titanyl compound, an organic aluminum compound residual potential to show the good electrophotographic properties lower, are preferably used. In addition, vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltris-2-methoxyethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-aminopropyl Triethoxysilane, γ-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-2-aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-mercapropropyltrimethoxysilane, γ-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, β-3,4-epoxycyclohexyl It can be used by containing a silane coupling agent such as trimethoxysilane. Furthermore, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl methyl ether, poly-N-vinyl imidazole, polyethylene oxide, ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, polyamide, polyimide, casein, gelatin, polyethylene, polyester, phenol resin, vinyl chloride- Known binder resins such as a vinyl acetate copolymer, an epoxy resin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl pyridine, polyurethane, polyglutamic acid, and polyacrylic acid can also be used.
次に電荷発生層について説明する。電荷発生層は既知の電荷発生材料および結着樹脂から構成される。結着樹脂は、広範な絶縁性樹脂から選択することができ、結着樹脂としては、広範な絶縁性樹脂から選択することができる、また、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール、ポリビニルアントラセン、ポリビニルピレン、ポリシランなどの有機光導電性ポリマーから選択することもできる。好ましい結着樹脂としては、ポリビニルブチラール樹脂、ポリアリレート樹脂(ビスフェノールAとフタル酸の重縮合体等)、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、塩化ビニル-酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリアミド樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリアクリルアミド樹脂、ポリビニルピリジン樹脂、セルロース樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、カゼイン、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂、ポリビニルピロリドン樹脂等の絶縁性樹脂をあげることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらの結着樹脂は単独あるいは2種以上混合して用いることができる。 Next, the charge generation layer will be described. The charge generation layer is composed of a known charge generation material and a binder resin. The binder resin can be selected from a wide range of insulating resins, and the binder resin can be selected from a wide range of insulating resins. Poly-N-vinylcarbazole, polyvinyl anthracene, polyvinyl pyrene, It can also be selected from organic photoconductive polymers such as polysilanes. Preferred binder resins include polyvinyl butyral resin, polyarylate resin (polycondensate of bisphenol A and phthalic acid, etc.), polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, phenoxy resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyamide resin, acrylic resin Insulating resin such as polyacrylamide resin, polyvinyl pyridine resin, cellulose resin, urethane resin, epoxy resin, casein, polyvinyl alcohol resin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone resin can be used, but is not limited thereto. These binder resins can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
電荷発生材料は、既知のもの全て使用することができるが、とくに金属及び無金属フタロシアニン顔料が好ましい。その中でも、特定の結晶を有するヒドロキシガリウムフタロシアニン、クロロガリウムフタロシアニン、ジクロロスズフタロシアニン、チタニルフタロシアニンが特に好ましい。 Any known charge generating material can be used, but metal and metal-free phthalocyanine pigments are particularly preferred. Among these, hydroxygallium phthalocyanine, chlorogallium phthalocyanine, dichlorotin phthalocyanine, and titanyl phthalocyanine having specific crystals are particularly preferable.
電荷発生材料と結着樹脂の配合比は(重量比)は10:1〜1:10の範囲が好ましい。またこれらを分散させる方法としてはボールミル分散法、アトライター分散法、サンドミル分散法等の通常の方法を用いることができるが、この際、分散によって該の結晶型が変化しない条件が必要とされる。ちなみに本発明で実施した前記の分散法のいずれについても分散前と結晶型が変化していないことが確認されている。さらにこの分散の際、粒子を0.5μm以下、好ましくは0.3μm以下、さらに好ましくは0.15μm以下の粒子サイズにすることが有効である。またこれらの分散に用いる溶剤としては、メタノール、エタノール、n−プロパノール、n−ブタノール、ベンジルアルコール、メチルセルソルブ、エチルセルソルブ、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン、酢酸メチル、酢酸n−ブチル、ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン、メチレンクロライド、クロロホルム、クロルベンゼン、トルエン等の通常の有機溶剤を単独あるいは2種以上混合して用いることができる。また、本発明で用いる電荷発生層の厚みは一般的には、0.1〜5μm、好ましくは0.2〜2.0μmが適当である。 The blending ratio of the charge generating material and the binder resin (weight ratio) is preferably in the range of 10: 1 to 1:10. In addition, as a method for dispersing these, a usual method such as a ball mill dispersion method, an attritor dispersion method, a sand mill dispersion method, or the like can be used, but in this case, a condition that the crystal type does not change by dispersion is required. . Incidentally, it has been confirmed that the crystal form is not changed before dispersion in any of the dispersion methods implemented in the present invention. Further, at the time of this dispersion, it is effective to make the particles have a particle size of 0.5 μm or less, preferably 0.3 μm or less, more preferably 0.15 μm or less. Moreover, as a solvent used for these dispersions, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, benzyl alcohol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, methyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran Ordinary organic solvents such as methylene chloride, chloroform, chlorobenzene and toluene can be used alone or in admixture of two or more. The thickness of the charge generation layer used in the present invention is generally 0.1 to 5 μm, preferably 0.2 to 2.0 μm.
また、電荷発生層を設けるときに用いる塗布方法としては、浸漬コーティング法を用い、本発明の下端拭が実施される。 Moreover, as a coating method used when providing a charge generation layer, the lower end wiping of this invention is implemented using a dip coating method.
本発明の感光体における電荷輸送層としては、公知の技術によって形成されたものを使用できる。それらの電荷輸送層は、電荷輸送材料と結着樹脂を含有して形成されるか、あるいは高分子電荷輸送材を含有して形成される。 As the charge transport layer in the photoreceptor of the present invention, a layer formed by a known technique can be used. These charge transport layers are formed containing a charge transport material and a binder resin, or are formed containing a polymer charge transport material.
電荷輸送材料としては、p−ベンゾキノン、クロラニル、ブロマニル、アントラキノン等のキノン系化合物、テトラシアノキノジメタン系化合物、2,4,7−トリニトロフルオレノン等のフルオレノン化合物、キサントン系化合物、ベンゾフェノン系化合物、シアノビニル系化合物、エチレン系化合物等の電子輸送性化合物、トリアリールアミン系化合物、ベンジジン系化合物、アリールアルカン系化合物、アリール置換エチレン系化合物、スチルベン系化合物、アントラセン系化合物、ヒドラゾン系化合物などの正孔輸送性化合物があげられる。これらの電荷輸送材料は単独または2種以上混合して用いることができるが、これらに限定されるものではない。また、これらの電荷輸送材料は単独あるいは2種以上混合して用いることができる。 As charge transport materials, quinone compounds such as p-benzoquinone, chloranil, bromanyl, anthraquinone, tetracyanoquinodimethane compounds, fluorenone compounds such as 2,4,7-trinitrofluorenone, xanthone compounds, benzophenone compounds Electron transporting compounds such as cyanovinyl compounds and ethylene compounds, triarylamine compounds, benzidine compounds, arylalkane compounds, aryl-substituted ethylene compounds, stilbene compounds, anthracene compounds, hydrazone compounds, etc. Examples thereof include pore-transporting compounds. These charge transport materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more, but are not limited thereto. These charge transport materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
さらに電荷輸送層に用いる結着樹脂は、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、メタクリル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニル樹脂、ポリ塩化ビニリデン樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ポリビニルアセテート樹脂、スチレン−ブタジエン共重合体、塩化ビニリデン−アクリロニトリル共重合体、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル共重合体、塩化ビニル−酢酸ビニル−無水マレイン酸共重合体、シリコン樹脂、シリコン−アルキッド樹脂、フェノール−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂、スチレン−アルキッド樹脂や、ポリ−N−ビニルカルバゾール、ポリシラン、特開平8−176293号公報や特開平8−208820号公報に示されているポリエステル系高分子電荷輸送材など高分子電荷輸送材を用いることもできる。さらに電荷輸送層を設けるときに用いる溶剤としては、ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、クロルベンゼン等の芳香族炭化水素類、アセトン、2−ブタノン等のケトン類、塩化メチレン、クロロホルム、塩化エチレン等のハロンゲン化脂肪族炭化水素類、テトラヒドロフラン、エチルエーテル等の環状もしくは直鎖状のエーテル類等通常の有機溶剤を単独あるいは2種以上混合して用いることができる。本発明で用いる電荷輸送層の厚みは一般的には、5〜50μm、好ましくは10〜30μmが適当である。 Further, the binder resin used for the charge transport layer is polycarbonate resin, polyester resin, methacrylic resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl acetate resin, styrene-butadiene copolymer, vinylidene chloride- Acrylonitrile copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride copolymer, silicone resin, silicone-alkyd resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, styrene-alkyd resin, poly-N- Vinyl carbazole, polysilane, and polymer charge transport materials such as polyester polymer charge transport materials disclosed in JP-A-8-176293 and JP-A-8-208820 can also be used. Furthermore, as a solvent used when providing a charge transport layer, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and chlorobenzene, ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone, and halogenation such as methylene chloride, chloroform and ethylene chloride Usual organic solvents such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, cyclic or linear ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and ethyl ether can be used alone or in admixture of two or more. The thickness of the charge transport layer used in the present invention is generally 5 to 50 μm, preferably 10 to 30 μm.
得られた電子写真感光体の積層の断面は、図12に示す通りである。すなわち、導電性基体90の表面に中間層92が積層され、さらに中間層92の表面に電荷発生層94が積層され、さらに電荷発生層94の表面に電荷輸送層96が形成されている。そして上記電荷発生層94と電荷輸送層96とが感光層として機能する。 The cross section of the obtained electrophotographic photosensitive member is as shown in FIG. That is, the intermediate layer 92 is laminated on the surface of the conductive substrate 90, the charge generation layer 94 is further laminated on the surface of the intermediate layer 92, and the charge transport layer 96 is formed on the surface of the charge generation layer 94. The charge generation layer 94 and the charge transport layer 96 function as a photosensitive layer.
次に、本発明の電子写真感光体を具備する電子写真画像形成装置について図15を用いて説明する。図15に示す画像形成装置220は、中間転写方式の画像形成装置であり、ハウジング400内において4つの電子写真感光体401a〜401d(例えば、電子写真感光体401aがイエロー、電子写真感光体401bがマゼンタ、電子写真感光体401cがシアン、電子写真感光体401dがブラックの色からなる画像をそれぞれ形成可能である)が中間転写ベルト409に沿って相互に並列に配置されている。ここで、画像形成装置220に搭載されている電子写真感光体401a〜401dは、それぞれ本発明の電子写真感光体である。 Next, an electrophotographic image forming apparatus including the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. An image forming apparatus 220 shown in FIG. 15 is an intermediate transfer type image forming apparatus. In the housing 400, four electrophotographic photosensitive members 401a to 401d (for example, the electrophotographic photosensitive member 401a is yellow and the electrophotographic photosensitive member 401b is provided. Magenta, electrophotographic photosensitive member 401c can be formed with cyan, and electrophotographic photosensitive member 401d can be formed with black.) Are arranged in parallel with each other along intermediate transfer belt 409. Here, the electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d mounted on the image forming apparatus 220 are the electrophotographic photoreceptors of the present invention.
電子写真感光体401a〜401dのそれぞれは所定の方向(紙面上は反時計回り)に回転可能であり、その回転方向に沿って停電ロール402a〜402d、現像装置404a〜404d、1次転写ロール410a〜410d、クリーニングブレード4151a〜415dが配置されている。現像装置404a〜404dのそれぞれにはトナーカートリッジ405a〜405dに収容されたブラック、イエロー、マゼンタ、シアンの4色のトナーは供給可能であり、また、1次転写ロール410a〜410dはそれぞれ中間転写ベルト409を介して電子写真感光体401a〜401dに当接している。 Each of the electrophotographic photosensitive members 401a to 401d can be rotated in a predetermined direction (counterclockwise on the paper surface), and the power failure rolls 402a to 402d, the developing devices 404a to 404d, and the primary transfer roll 410a along the rotation direction. To 410d and cleaning blades 4151a to 415d are arranged. Each of the developing devices 404a to 404d can be supplied with toners of four colors, black, yellow, magenta, and cyan accommodated in toner cartridges 405a to 405d, and the primary transfer rolls 410a to 410d are respectively intermediate transfer belts. 409 is in contact with the electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d.
さらに、ハウジング400内の所定の位置にはレーザー光源(露光装置)403が配置されており、レーザー光源403から出射されたレーザー光を耐電後の電子写真感光体401a〜401dの表面に照射することが可能となっている。これにより、電子写真感光体401a〜401dの回転工程において停電、露光、現像、1次転写、クリーニングの各工程が準じ行われ、各色のトナー像が中間転写ベルト409上に重ねて転写される。 Further, a laser light source (exposure device) 403 is disposed at a predetermined position in the housing 400, and the surfaces of the electrophotographic photoreceptors 401a to 401d after withstanding electric power are irradiated with laser light emitted from the laser light source 403. Is possible. As a result, power failure, exposure, development, primary transfer, and cleaning steps are performed in accordance with the rotation process of the electrophotographic photosensitive members 401a to 401d, and the toner images of the respective colors are transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt 409 in an overlapping manner.
中間転写ベルト409は駆動ローラ406、バックアップロール408およびテンションロール407により所定の張力を持って指示されており、これらのロールの改訂により撓みを生じることなく回転可能となっている。また、2次転写ロール413は、中間転写ベルト409を介してバックアップロール408と当接するように配置されている。バックアップロール408と2次転写ロール413との間を通った中間転写ベルト409は、例えば駆動ロール406の近傍に配置されたクリーニングブレード416により清浄面化された後、次の画像形成プロセスに繰り返し供される。 The intermediate transfer belt 409 is instructed with a predetermined tension by the driving roller 406, the backup roll 408, and the tension roll 407, and can be rotated without causing deflection by revision of these rolls. Further, the secondary transfer roll 413 is disposed so as to contact the backup roll 408 via the intermediate transfer belt 409. The intermediate transfer belt 409 passing between the backup roll 408 and the secondary transfer roll 413 is cleaned by, for example, a cleaning blade 416 disposed in the vicinity of the drive roll 406 and then repeatedly used for the next image forming process. Is done.
また、ハウジング400内の所定の位置にはトレイ(被転写体トレイ)411が設けられており、トレイ411内の紙等の被転写体500が移送ロール412により中間点者ベルト409と2次転写ロール413との間、さらには相互に当接する2個の展着ロール414の間に準じ移送された後、ハウジング400の外部に排紙される。 In addition, a tray (transfer object tray) 411 is provided at a predetermined position in the housing 400, and the transfer object 4 such as paper in the tray 411 is transferred to the intermediate point belt 409 and the secondary transfer by the transfer roll 412. After being transferred in accordance with between the rolls 413 and between the two spreading rolls 414 in contact with each other, the paper is discharged outside the housing 400.
なお、上述の説明において中間転写体として中間転写ベルト409を使用する場合についても説明したが、中間転写体は、上記中間転写ベルト409のようにベルト状であってもよく、ドラム状であってもよい。中間転写体として中間転写ベルト409のようなベルトの形状の構成を採用する場合、一般にベルトの厚さは50〜500μmが好ましく、60〜150μmがより好ましいが、材料の硬度に応じて適宜選択することができる。また、中間転写体としてドラム形状を有する構成を採用する場合、基材としては、アルミニウム、ステンレス鋼(SUS)、銅等で形成された円筒状基体を用いることが好ましい。この円筒状基体上に、必要に応じて弾性層を被覆し、該弾性層上に表面層を形成することができる。 In the above description, the case where the intermediate transfer belt 409 is used as the intermediate transfer member has been described. However, the intermediate transfer member may have a belt shape like the intermediate transfer belt 409 or a drum shape. Also good. When a belt-shaped configuration such as the intermediate transfer belt 409 is employed as the intermediate transfer member, the thickness of the belt is generally preferably 50 to 500 μm and more preferably 60 to 150 μm, but is appropriately selected according to the hardness of the material. be able to. Further, when a drum-shaped configuration is employed as the intermediate transfer member, it is preferable to use a cylindrical substrate formed of aluminum, stainless steel (SUS), copper, or the like as the substrate. If necessary, an elastic layer can be coated on the cylindrical substrate, and a surface layer can be formed on the elastic layer.
なお、本発明でいう被転写体とは、電子写真感光体上に形成されたトナー像を転写する媒体であれば特に制限はない。例えば、電子写真感光体から直接、紙等に転写する場合は紙等が被転写体であり、また、中間転写体を用いる場合には中間転写体が被転写体になる。 The transfer target in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a medium for transferring a toner image formed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member. For example, when transferring directly from an electrophotographic photosensitive member to paper or the like, paper or the like is a transfer target, and when an intermediate transfer member is used, the intermediate transfer member is a transfer target.
[好ましい他の態様]
(i)円筒状基体の表面に感光体材料の塗布液を塗布して感光塗膜を形成する電子写真感光体の製造方法において、該端部塗膜除去部材の上面は円筒状基体端部の塗膜の除去処理を行う時には溶剤槽の液面から露出している。
[Other preferred embodiments]
(I) In the method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a photosensitive coating material is applied to the surface of a cylindrical substrate to form a photosensitive coating film, the upper surface of the end coating film removing member is the end of the cylindrical substrate. When the coating film is removed, it is exposed from the liquid surface of the solvent tank.
(ii)円筒状基体の表面に感光体材料の塗布液を塗布して感光塗膜を形成する電子写真感光体の製造方法において、塗布液が塗布されたしかも乾燥前の円筒状基体の下端を溶剤を含んだ端部塗膜除去部材に接触させ回転させながら円筒状基体の下端内部に付着した塗膜を除去する。次いで、円筒状基体を上昇させて端部塗膜除去部材から離し、再び下降させ、該円筒状基体下端の溶剤を含んだ内側端部塗膜除去部材を接触させ回転させながら円筒状基体の下端内部に付着した塗膜を除去することを2度以上繰り返すことを特徴とする電子写真感光体の製造方法。 (Ii) In a method of manufacturing an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which a photosensitive material coating solution is applied to the surface of a cylindrical substrate to form a photosensitive coating film, the lower end of the cylindrical substrate on which the coating solution has been applied and before drying is applied. The coating film adhering to the inside of the lower end of the cylindrical substrate is removed while contacting and rotating the end coating film removing member containing the solvent. Next, the cylindrical substrate is lifted, separated from the end coating film removing member, lowered again, and the bottom end of the cylindrical substrate is rotated while contacting and rotating the inner end coating film removing member containing the solvent at the bottom of the cylindrical substrate. A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein the removal of the coating film adhered to the inside is repeated twice or more.
これにより確実な拭き取りが行え基体端部に気泡を巻き込まず膨れや凹状欠陥を発生することはなくなる。 As a result, reliable wiping can be performed, and bubbles are not entrapped at the end of the substrate, and swelling and concave defects are not generated.
(iii)複数の円筒状基体を同時に塗工する際に、上記電子写真感光体の製造装置が円筒状基体の数及び配置にあわせて複数配置されている電子写真感光体の製造装置。 (Iii) An apparatus for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein a plurality of the above-described electrophotographic photosensitive member manufacturing apparatuses are arranged in accordance with the number and arrangement of the cylindrical substrates when a plurality of cylindrical substrates are applied simultaneously.
上記製造装置において精度よく塗膜を除去できる為、一度に複数の塗膜除去が同時にできる装置を提供できる。 Since a coating film can be removed with high accuracy in the manufacturing apparatus, an apparatus capable of simultaneously removing a plurality of coating films can be provided.
(iv)上記電子写真感光体において、電荷発生層の電荷発生材料がフタロシアニン系の顔料で構成されている。 (Iv) In the electrophotographic photoreceptor, the charge generation material of the charge generation layer is composed of a phthalocyanine pigment.
本発明の電子写真感光体は、精度よく塗膜が除去され、また感度ムラが小さい優れた電子写真感光体を提供できる。特に、電荷発生層の電荷発生材料がフタロシアニン系の顔料で構成されている場合にこの効果が発揮される。 The electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention can provide an excellent electrophotographic photosensitive member in which a coating film is removed with high accuracy and sensitivity unevenness is small. In particular, this effect is exhibited when the charge generation material of the charge generation layer is composed of a phthalocyanine pigment.
以下、実施例及び比較例に基づいて本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。 EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated more concretely based on an Example and a comparative example, this invention is not limited to a following example at all.
(金属酸化物微粒子Aの調製)
酸化亜鉛:(平均粒子径70μm:テイカ社製試作品)100重量部をトルエン450重量部メタノール50重量部と攪拌混合し、シランカップリング剤(KBM603:信越化学社製)1.25重量部を添加し、サンドグラインダーミルにて1時間分散した。その後トルエンを減圧蒸留にて留去し、150℃で2時間焼き付けを行ったのち室温まで冷却し、解砕して表面処理酸化亜鉛を得た。
(Preparation of metal oxide fine particles A)
Zinc oxide: (average particle size 70 μm: prototype manufactured by Teika) 100 parts by weight of 450 parts by weight of toluene and 50 parts by weight of methanol were stirred and mixed, and 1.25 parts by weight of a silane coupling agent (KBM603: manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) And added for 1 hour in a sand grinder mill. Thereafter, toluene was distilled off under reduced pressure, and after baking at 150 ° C. for 2 hours, the solution was cooled to room temperature and crushed to obtain surface-treated zinc oxide.
実施例1.
(電子写真感光体の作製)
金属酸化物微粒子A33重量部、ブロック化イソシアネート(スミジュール3175、住友バイエルンウレタン社製)6重量部及びメチルエチルケトン25重量部を30分間混合した後、ブチラール樹脂(BM−1、積水化学社製)5重量部、シリコーンボール(トスパール145、東芝シリコーン社製)3重量部及びレベリング剤(シリコーンオイルSH29PA、東レダウコーニングシリコーン社製)0.01重量部を上記の混合液に添加し、サンドミルにて2時間の分散処理を行い、中間層用塗布液を得た。さらに、浸漬塗布法により、直径30mm、長さ360mm、肉厚1mmの円筒状アルミニウム基体の外周面に上記の塗布液を塗布し、150℃、30分の乾燥硬化を行って膜厚20μmの中間層を形成した。
Example 1.
(Preparation of electrophotographic photoreceptor)
After mixing 33 parts by weight of metal oxide fine particles A, 6 parts by weight of blocked isocyanate (Sumijour 3175, manufactured by Sumitomo Bayern Urethane Co., Ltd.) and 25 parts by weight of methyl ethyl ketone for 30 minutes, butyral resin (BM-1, manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) 5 Part by weight, 3 parts by weight of a silicone ball (Tospearl 145, manufactured by Toshiba Silicone) and 0.01 part by weight of a leveling agent (silicone oil SH29PA, manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Silicone) were added to the above mixture and 2 in a sand mill. Time dispersion treatment was performed to obtain an intermediate layer coating solution. Further, the above coating solution is applied to the outer peripheral surface of a cylindrical aluminum substrate having a diameter of 30 mm, a length of 360 mm, and a thickness of 1 mm by a dip coating method, followed by drying and curing at 150 ° C. for 30 minutes, and an intermediate thickness of 20 μm. A layer was formed.
次に、電荷発生物質としてのCuKα線を用いたX線回折スペクトルのブラッグ角(2θ±0.2°)において、少なくとも7.6°、28.2°の位置に回折ピークを有するヒドロキシガリウムフタロシアニン顔料15重量部、結着樹脂としての塩化ビニル・酢酸ビニル共重合体樹脂(VMCH、日本ユニカー社製)10重量部、n−ブチルアルコール300重量部からなる混合物をサンドミルにて4時間分散し、電荷発生層用塗布液を得た。この塗布液を中間層上に図1に示す塗布装置で浸漬塗布し、45秒後に図4Aに示す下端拭き装置で下端拭きを行った。このときの端部塗膜除去部材及び内側端部塗膜除去部材としては、ポリウレタンスポンジを使用した。また、塗膜除去用溶剤としてTHFを用い端部塗膜除去を実施した。さらに、乾燥して、膜厚0.2μmの電荷発生層を形成した。 Next, hydroxygallium phthalocyanine having diffraction peaks at positions of at least 7.6 ° and 28.2 ° in the Bragg angle (2θ ± 0.2 °) of the X-ray diffraction spectrum using CuKα ray as the charge generating substance. A mixture of 15 parts by weight of pigment, 10 parts by weight of vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate copolymer resin (VMCH, manufactured by Nihon Unicar) as a binder resin, and 300 parts by weight of n-butyl alcohol was dispersed in a sand mill for 4 hours. A coating solution for charge generation layer was obtained. This coating solution was dip coated on the intermediate layer with the coating apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and after 45 seconds, the lower end was wiped with the lower end wiping apparatus shown in FIG. 4A. At this time, polyurethane sponge was used as the end coating film removing member and the inner end coating film removing member. Moreover, the edge part coating film removal was implemented using THF as a solvent for coating film removal. Further, it was dried to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.2 μm.
次に、N,N′−ビス(3−メチルフェニル)−N,N′−ジフェニルベンジジン40部とビスフェノールZポリカーボネート樹脂(分子量40,000)60重量部とをテトロヒドロフラン280重量部及びトルエン120重量部に十分に溶解混合した後、4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子10重量部を加え、さらに混合した。このとき、室温を25℃に設定し、混合工程における液温度を25℃に保った。その後、ガラスビーズを用いたサンドグラインダーにて分散し、4フッ化エチレン樹脂粒子分散液を作成した。このとき、サンドクラインダーのベッセルに24度の水を流し、分散液の温度を50度に保持した。 Next, 40 parts by weight of N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N′-diphenylbenzidine and 60 parts by weight of bisphenol Z polycarbonate resin (molecular weight 40,000) were added to 280 parts by weight of tetrohydrofuran and 120 parts of toluene. After sufficiently dissolving and mixing in parts by weight, 10 parts by weight of tetrafluoroethylene resin particles were added and further mixed. At this time, the room temperature was set to 25 ° C., and the liquid temperature in the mixing step was kept at 25 ° C. Then, it disperse | distributed with the sand grinder using a glass bead, and the tetrafluoroethylene resin particle dispersion liquid was created. At this time, water of 24 degrees was passed through the vessel of the sand cylinder, and the temperature of the dispersion was maintained at 50 degrees.
得られた塗布液を上記電荷発生層の上に電荷発生層と同様に図1に示す塗布装置で浸漬塗布し、45秒後に図4A、図4Bに示す端部洗浄装置で下端拭きを行った。このときの(内部)端部塗膜除去部材端部塗膜除去部材としては、「単発泡ポリエチレンスポンジ」、マルシン化工社にて加工を使用した。また、塗膜除去用溶剤としてTHFを用い端部塗膜除去を実施した。また、拭き取りプロセスを2回繰り返した。つぎに乾燥することにより、膜厚32μmの電荷輸送層を形成した。 The obtained coating solution was dip-coated on the charge generation layer with the coating apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in the same manner as the charge generation layer, and after 45 seconds, the lower end was wiped with the edge cleaning apparatus shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. . At this time, as the (inner) end coating film removing member, the end coating film removing member was “single-foamed polyethylene sponge”, processed by Marushin Chemical Company. Moreover, the edge part coating film removal was implemented using THF as a solvent for coating film removal. The wiping process was repeated twice. Next, a charge transport layer having a film thickness of 32 μm was formed by drying.
(画像形成装置の作製及び連続プリント試験)
この電子写真感光体を用いて、後述する図13,図14に示す評価装置において、帯電電位を−700Vとし、狙いVL−220Vが得られる露光を行い、感光体の軸方向の一端部と他端部との狙いVLに対するVLムラを測定した。その結果を図8に示す。ここで、狙いVLは、評価する電子写真感光体が使用される画像形成装置における現像位置においての表面電位に相当する値で、画像形成装置によって適宜決定される値である。
(Production of image forming apparatus and continuous print test)
Using this electrophotographic photosensitive member, in the evaluation apparatus shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, which will be described later, exposure is performed with a charged potential of −700 V to obtain a target VL-220 V, and one end portion in the axial direction of the photosensitive member and others. VL unevenness with respect to the target VL with the end portion was measured. The result is shown in FIG. Here, the target VL is a value corresponding to the surface potential at the development position in the image forming apparatus in which the electrophotographic photosensitive member to be evaluated is used, and is a value that is appropriately determined by the image forming apparatus.
また、本件における一端部、他端部とは、電子写真感光体における感光層が形成されている領域の、感光体軸方向の各端部から20mmの位置をいう。 Further, the one end and the other end in the present case refer to a position 20 mm from each end of the electrophotographic photosensitive member in the photosensitive member axial direction in the region where the photosensitive layer is formed.
また、得られた感光体を用いて電子写真装置を作製した。なお、画像形成装置の構成は、図15に示す富士ゼロックス社製フルカラープリンターDocu Centre Color 400(接触帯電装置、中間転写装置を有する)と同様の構成とし、画質評価を行った。これらの結果を表1に示す。 In addition, an electrophotographic apparatus was produced using the obtained photoreceptor. The configuration of the image forming apparatus was the same as that of a full color printer Docu Center Color 400 (having a contact charging device and an intermediate transfer device) manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. shown in FIG. These results are shown in Table 1.
(VL測定装置および測定方法)
図13は、本発明の電子写真感光体の評価装置の正面図であり、図14は、図13に示した評価装置のI部の部分拡大断面図である。図13及び14に示すように、評価対象となる電子写真感光体1は、評価装置100のハウジング7内にセットされ、感光体1の外周部には、ハウジング7の底部に固定された環状の取り付け部材6を介して、帯電装置3、露光装置4、電位測定装置2,2’及び除電装置5がセットされている。
(VL measuring device and measuring method)
13 is a front view of the electrophotographic photosensitive member evaluation apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 14 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion I of the evaluation apparatus shown in FIG. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 to be evaluated is set in the housing 7 of the evaluation device 100, and an annular portion fixed to the bottom of the housing 7 is provided on the outer periphery of the photosensitive member 1. The charging device 3, the exposure device 4, the potential measuring devices 2, 2 ′, and the charge removal device 5 are set via the attachment member 6.
帯電装置3、露光装置4、電位測定装置2,2’及び除電装置5の配置は、感光体の周りに露光装置を基準(0°)として時計回りに、電位測定装置2(30°)、除電装置5(185°)、帯電装置3(291°)、電位測定装置2’(335°)に配置した。 The arrangement of the charging device 3, the exposure device 4, the potential measurement devices 2, 2 ′ and the charge removal device 5 is arranged around the photosensitive member clockwise with the exposure device as a reference (0 °), the potential measurement device 2 (30 °), The static eliminator 5 (185 °), the charging device 3 (291 °), and the potential measuring device 2 ′ (335 °) were disposed.
ここで、感光体1はその一端が支承部8に固定され、その後、支承部9が設置されたスライド台13を、ハンドル14の操作により図1中の矢印の方向に移動させることにより、感光体ドラム1の他端が支承部9によって固定される。一方の支承部8は回転モータ10に連動して、感光体1を図2中の矢印の方向に回転可能となっており、回転数は任意に設定することができる。また、感光体1を構成する導電性支持体は、支承部8を介してアースに接続されている。 Here, one end of the photosensitive member 1 is fixed to the support portion 8, and then the slide table 13 on which the support portion 9 is installed is moved in the direction of the arrow in FIG. The other end of the body drum 1 is fixed by the support portion 9. One support portion 8 can rotate the photosensitive member 1 in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 2 in conjunction with the rotary motor 10, and the number of rotations can be set arbitrarily. Further, the conductive support constituting the photosensitive member 1 is connected to the ground via the support portion 8.
また、支承部8,9及び回転モータ10は、感光体1の軸方向に往復移動する自動ステージ12上に設置されており、これによって取り付け部材6に取り付けられた帯電装置3、露光装置4、電位測定装置2,2’及び除電装置5に対して、感光体1をその軸方向に移動させることが可能となっている。 Further, the support portions 8 and 9 and the rotary motor 10 are installed on an automatic stage 12 that reciprocates in the axial direction of the photosensitive member 1, and thereby the charging device 3, the exposure device 4, and the mounting device 6 attached to the mounting member 6. The photosensitive member 1 can be moved in the axial direction with respect to the potential measuring devices 2, 2 ′ and the static eliminating device 5.
また、帯電装置3、露光装置4、電位測定装置2,2’及び除電装置5のそれぞれは、感光体1の直径が異なる場合でも、感光体1の表面と一定の間隔をもって配置できるように、感光体1表面の法線方向に進退可能に取り付け部材6に取り付けられている。更に、帯電装置3、露光装置4、第1の電位測定装置2及び除電装置5のそれぞれは、感光体1の周方向に位置調節が可能となるように取り付け部材6に取り付けられている。 Further, each of the charging device 3, the exposure device 4, the potential measuring devices 2, 2 ′, and the charge eliminating device 5 can be arranged with a certain distance from the surface of the photoconductor 1 even when the diameter of the photoconductor 1 is different. It is attached to the attachment member 6 so as to be able to advance and retract in the normal direction of the surface of the photoreceptor 1. Further, each of the charging device 3, the exposure device 4, the first potential measuring device 2, and the charge eliminating device 5 is attached to the attachment member 6 so that the position of the photosensitive member 1 can be adjusted in the circumferential direction.
以下、上記評価装置100の各構成要素について説明する。 Hereinafter, each component of the evaluation apparatus 100 will be described.
帯電装置3は、感光体1を帯電させるものであり、帯電装置3には、スコロトロンを使用する。また、スコロトロンは電源と接続しており、ワイヤー及びグリッドに任意の電圧を印加することが可能となっている。本実施例においては、グリッドに−700Vを印加して感光体表面電位を−700Vとなるようにした。 The charging device 3 charges the photoreceptor 1, and a scorotron is used as the charging device 3. In addition, the scorotron is connected to a power source, and an arbitrary voltage can be applied to the wire and the grid. In this embodiment, -700V was applied to the grid so that the photoreceptor surface potential was -700V.
露光装置は、帯電装置により帯電した感光体1の表面に光を照射するものであり、光源としてハロゲンランプを使用し、波長780nmの干渉フィルタを通して、感光体1の表面に波長780nm、VLを狙い値(220V)にするための露光量として2.7mJ/mm2の光(光量固定)を露光する。 The exposure apparatus irradiates light on the surface of the photoreceptor 1 charged by the charging device, uses a halogen lamp as a light source, and aims at a wavelength of 780 nm and VL on the surface of the photoreceptor 1 through an interference filter having a wavelength of 780 nm. As an exposure amount for setting the value (220 V), light of 2.7 mJ / mm 2 (fixed light amount) is exposed.
電位測定装置2は、感光体1表面の電位を測定するものであり、電位測定プローブと表面電位計とで構成される。この電位測定位置2は、実際の画像形成装置において露光から現像までの時間に相当する時間回転させた位置に電位測定装置2を設けている。 The potential measuring device 2 measures the potential of the surface of the photoreceptor 1 and is composed of a potential measuring probe and a surface potential meter. The potential measuring position 2 is provided at a position rotated for a time corresponding to the time from exposure to development in an actual image forming apparatus.
除電装置5は、帯電装置3により帯電した感光体1の表面に光を照射し、感光体1表面の残留電荷を除電するためのものである。光源としてハロゲンランプを使用し、波長600nm以上の光のみを透過する赤フィルターを通して50mJ/mm2の光を感光体1の表面に照射するものを用いる。 The static eliminator 5 is for irradiating the surface of the photoconductor 1 charged by the charging device 3 with light to neutralize residual charges on the surface of the photoconductor 1. A halogen lamp is used as a light source, and the surface of the photoreceptor 1 is irradiated with light of 50 mJ / mm 2 through a red filter that transmits only light having a wavelength of 600 nm or more.
評価装置100には、更に制御ユニット(図示されていない)が内蔵されており、感光体1の回転数や帯電条件等をコントロールすることが可能となっている。 The evaluation apparatus 100 further includes a control unit (not shown), which can control the rotational speed, charging conditions, and the like of the photoreceptor 1.
上記構成を有する評価装置100を用いて感光体1の評価を行う場合、まず、感光体1を上記評価装置100の支承部8,9に取り付け、感光体1の外周部に、該感光体1の回転方向に沿って帯電装置3、電位測定装置2’、露光装置4、電位測定装置2、及び、除電装置5をこの順に配置する。次に、感光体1を回転モータ10により66.7rpmで回転させながら、感光体1を自動ステージ12により感光体1の軸方向に1回転あたり5mm連続的に移動させ、これに合わせて感光体1の複数の測定部位のそれぞれで、帯電装置3による帯電、露光装置4による露光、電位測定装置2による露光後の感光体1表面の電位の測定、及び、除電装置5による除電を行う。 When evaluating the photoreceptor 1 using the evaluation apparatus 100 having the above-described configuration, first, the photoreceptor 1 is attached to the support portions 8 and 9 of the evaluation apparatus 100, and the photoreceptor 1 is attached to the outer peripheral portion of the photoreceptor 1. The charging device 3, the potential measuring device 2 ′, the exposure device 4, the potential measuring device 2, and the static eliminating device 5 are arranged in this order along the rotation direction of the above. Next, while rotating the photoconductor 1 at 66.7 rpm by the rotary motor 10, the photoconductor 1 is continuously moved in the axial direction of the photoconductor 1 by 5 mm per rotation by the automatic stage 12, and the photoconductor is adjusted accordingly. At each of the plurality of measurement sites, charging by the charging device 3, exposure by the exposure device 4, measurement of the potential of the surface of the photoreceptor 1 after exposure by the potential measurement device 2, and static elimination by the static elimination device 5 are performed.
上記評価により電位測定装置2により露光後の感光体1表面の電位の測定、すなわち、VLを測定することができる。 Based on the above evaluation, the potential measurement device 2 can measure the potential of the surface of the photoreceptor 1 after exposure, that is, measure VL.
実施例2.
実施例1と同じ電子写真感光体、同様な生産装置を用い、端部洗浄装置として、図6に示す装置を用いて下端拭き取りを行った以外は実施例1に準拠して製造した。評価も実施例1と同様に行った。これらの結果を図9及び表1に示す。
Example 2
The same electrophotographic photosensitive member as in Example 1 and the same production apparatus were used, and it was produced in accordance with Example 1 except that the lower end was wiped off using the apparatus shown in FIG. 6 as the edge cleaning apparatus. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. These results are shown in FIG.
実施例3.
実施例1と同じ電子写真感光体、同様な生産装置を用い、端部洗浄装置として、図5A、図5Bに示す端部洗浄装置を用いて下端拭き取りを行った以外は実施例1に準拠して製造した。評価も実施例1と同様に行った。これらの結果を図10及び表1に示す。
Example 3
The same electrophotographic photosensitive member as in Example 1 and the same production apparatus were used, and as the edge cleaning device, the lower edge was wiped off using the edge cleaning device shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. Manufactured. Evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. These results are shown in FIG.
比較例1.
実施例1と同じ電子写真感光体、同様な生産装置を用い、端部洗浄装置として、図7に示す端部洗浄装置を用いて下端拭き取りを行った以外は実施例1に準拠して製造した。なお、図7では、該端部塗膜除去部材の上面は円筒状基体端部の塗膜の除去処理を行う時に、拭取り槽40中の溶剤液面に一部浸漬するとともに、拭取り槽40には、溶剤が大量に存在しているため、シャッタ42を開けても内部には高濃度の溶剤蒸気64が存在している。なお、評価は実施例1と同様に行った。これらの結果を図11及び表1に示す。
Comparative Example 1
The same electrophotographic photosensitive member as in Example 1 and the same production apparatus were used, and it was produced in accordance with Example 1 except that the lower end was wiped off using the end cleaning apparatus shown in FIG. 7 as the end cleaning apparatus. . In FIG. 7, the upper surface of the end coating film removing member is partially immersed in the surface of the solvent in the wiping tank 40 when the coating film is removed from the end of the cylindrical substrate. Since a large amount of solvent is present at 40, a high-concentration solvent vapor 64 is present inside the shutter 42 even when the shutter 42 is opened. The evaluation was performed in the same manner as in Example 1. These results are shown in FIG.
図8〜図11において、VL値が高くなるほど感度が悪くなる。 8 to 11, the sensitivity decreases as the VL value increases.
実施例1〜3、比較例1について、富士ゼロックス(株)製、DocuCentre Color 400に感光体を装着し、全面20%ハーフトーンの画像を出力した。ムラ部と正常部の画像濃度を画像濃度測定装置:X−Rite社製、X−Rite504を用いて画像測定した。濃度差が0.3以上有るものを問題とした。 For Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1, a photoconductor was mounted on DocuCenter Color 400 manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., and a 20% halftone image was output on the entire surface. The image density of the uneven part and the normal part was measured using an image density measuring apparatus: X-Rite 504 manufactured by X-Rite. Problems with density differences of 0.3 or more were considered as problems.
本発明の活用例として、電子写真方式を用いた複写機、プリンタ等の画像形成装置における感光体への適用がある。 As an application example of the present invention, there is application to a photoreceptor in an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine or a printer using an electrophotographic system.
40 拭取り槽、42 シャッタ、44 内面拭取回転ヘッド、46 ノズル、48 拭取り液送液ポンプ、50 塗膜除去部材、52 拭取り液リザーバタンク、54 フィルタ。 40 wiping tank, 42 shutter, 44 inner surface wiping rotary head, 46 nozzle, 48 wiping liquid feed pump, 50 coating film removing member, 52 wiping liquid reservoir tank, 54 filter.
Claims (5)
塗布液が塗布された円筒状基体の下端を溶剤に浸漬させることなく、前記円筒状基体の下端部塗膜を除去するための溶剤を含んだ端部塗膜除去部材を有し、さらに溶剤が存在する拭取り槽において、
前記拭取り槽にて発生する溶剤蒸気を排気しながら、前記円筒状基体の下端の塗膜を除去することを特徴とする電子写真感光体の製造方法。 A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein a photosensitive coating film is formed by applying a coating solution of a photosensitive material on a surface of a cylindrical substrate,
An end coating film removing member containing a solvent for removing the lower end coating film of the cylindrical substrate without immersing the lower end of the cylindrical substrate coated with the coating liquid in the solvent, In the existing wiping tank,
A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, comprising: removing a coating film on a lower end of the cylindrical substrate while exhausting a solvent vapor generated in the wiping tank.
塗布液が塗布された円筒状基体の下端部塗膜を除去するための溶剤を含んだ端部塗膜除去部材と、
前記端部塗膜除去部材が配設され、前記円筒状基体の下端部塗膜の除去処理以外は密閉可能な拭取り槽と、
前記端部塗膜除去部材から溶剤が常時または間欠でオーバーフローするように前記端部塗膜除去部材に供給する溶剤供給手段と、
前記拭取り槽中の溶剤蒸気を排出する排気手段と、
を有することを特徴とする電子写真感光体の製造装置。 In an electrophotographic photoreceptor manufacturing apparatus for forming a photosensitive coating film by applying a coating solution of a photoreceptor material on the surface of a cylindrical substrate,
An end coating film removing member containing a solvent for removing the lower end coating film of the cylindrical substrate coated with the coating liquid;
The end coating film removing member is disposed, and a wiping tank that can be sealed except for the removal treatment of the lower end coating film of the cylindrical base body,
Solvent supply means for supplying the end coating film removing member to the end coating film removing member so that the solvent overflows constantly or intermittently from the end coating film removing member;
An exhaust means for discharging the solvent vapor in the wiping tank;
An apparatus for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, comprising:
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