JP2007170575A - Constant velocity universal joint - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a constant velocity universal joint which can prevent a boot from being damaged and so on by preventing the boot from being caught between an adaptor and a shaft. <P>SOLUTION: The constant velocity universal joint is provided with a sealing device 30 which plugs an outside joint member opening on the side of shaft protuberance. The sealing device 30 includes a cylindrical adaptor 33 made of metal of which the one end 33a is fitted in an outside joint member 22 and the boot 31 comprising a flexible material of which the larger diameter part 31a is connected to the other end 33b of the adaptor 33 and simultaneously a smaller diameter part 31b is fitted into the shaft 28. An inside joint member 21 is provided with an angle restraint mechanism 40 which prevents the boot from being caught between the shaft 28 and the adapter 33 by restraining a joint allowance angle. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a constant velocity universal joint.

  For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the constant velocity universal joint for a propeller shaft has an inner ring 1, an outer ring 2, a ball 3 and a cage 4 as main components.

  The inner ring 1 has a plurality of track grooves 6 formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof. A shaft 8 is inserted into the center hole (inner diameter hole) 5 of the inner ring 1 and is spline-fitted, and torque can be transmitted between the two by the spline fitting.

  The outer ring 2 has the same number of track grooves 7 as the track grooves 6 of the inner ring 1 formed on the inner peripheral surface thereof. A plurality of balls 3 for transmitting torque are incorporated between the track groove 7 of the outer ring 2 and the track groove 6 of the inner ring 1. A cage 4 is disposed between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 2, and the ball 3 is held in a pocket 9 of the cage 4.

  A sealing device 10 is mounted between the outer ring 2 and the shaft 8 on the shaft protruding side. The sealing device 10 is intended to prevent foreign matter such as dust from entering the joint and to prevent leakage of grease sealed in the joint.

  The constant velocity universal joint for propeller shafts is used at 3 to 4 times higher speed than the constant velocity universal joint for drive shafts, so the boot fixing plate (metal adapter) 13 attached to the outer ring 2 and the shaft Generally, a seal structure (sealing device) 10 with a concave type rubber boot 11 is mounted.

  That is, the sealing device 10 includes a boot 11 made of a flexible material such as a rubber material or a resin material, and a metal adapter 13. The boot 11 includes a large-diameter portion 11a, a small-diameter portion 11b, and a bent portion 11c having a substantially U-shaped cross section that connects the large-diameter portion 11a and the small-diameter portion 11b. The adapter 13 has a substantially cylindrical shape, and one end 13a is press-fitted and crimped to the outer peripheral surface of the end of the outer ring 2 via a seal member 14 such as an O-ring, and the other end 13b is caulked to the large-diameter portion 11a of the boot 11. Is held at. Further, the boot 11 has a small-diameter portion 11 b fitted on the shaft 8 and fastened with a boot band 14.

  The bent portion 11c of the boot 11 is inserted into a space between the inner peripheral surface of the adapter 13 and the outer peripheral surface of the shaft 8, and repeats a bending and stretching operation in the radial direction when the joint rotates at an operating angle. Become.

  By the way, the internal structure of the constant velocity universal joint for the propeller shaft is the same structure as the constant velocity universal joint for the drive shaft. Therefore, when the boot specific to the constant velocity universal joint for the propeller shaft is not mounted, the maximum allowable joint angle is 46. Up to 5 °.

  However, when the boots specific to the constant velocity universal joint for the propeller shaft are mounted, the adapter 13 and the shaft 8 are changed when the shaft shaft center allowable angle (about 20 °) is greater than the joint axis (axial center of the outer ring). The boot 11 is sandwiched between the two. If pinched, the boot 11 may be damaged or torn, and the metal adapter 13 may be deformed.

  Therefore, a constant velocity universal joint having a structure for preventing such damage to the boot 11 has been proposed (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2).

  As shown in FIG. 9, the one described in Patent Document 1 surrounds the other end portion 13 b of the adapter 13 with the large-diameter portion 11 a of the boot 11 to form a buffer portion 16. Further, the axial length L1 of the bonding portion 16a bonded to the inner peripheral surface of the other end portion 13b is made longer than the axial length L2 of the bonding portion 16b bonded to the outer peripheral surface of the other end portion 13b. ing.

  For this reason, in the example shown in FIG. 9, the buffer portion 16 prevents the other end portion 13 b of the adapter 13 from directly contacting the boot 11 to prevent the boot 11 from being damaged. Further, the axial length L1 of the bonding portion 16a bonded to the inner peripheral surface of the other end portion 13b is made longer than the axial length L2 of the bonding portion 16b bonded to the outer peripheral surface of the other end portion 13b. Thus, when the bent portion 11c (intermediate flexible portion) of the boot 11 is expanded outward (in the axial direction), the intermediate flexible portion becomes the other end edge (free end) of the adapter 13. I try not to reach it. As a result, the boot 11 is prevented from being damaged.

  Further, a vent hole 17 is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the small-diameter portion 11b of the boot 11 so that when the internal pressure rises, the internal pressure is released to avoid expansion of the boot 11 due to the increase in internal pressure, and damage to the boot 11 or the like. Trying to prevent.

  As shown in FIG. 10, the device described in Patent Document 2 is provided with a branch portion 18 branched from a bent portion 11 c, and this branch portion 18 extends along the inner surface of the radial wall 13 c of the adapter 13. And this branch part 18 is clamped by the radial direction wall 13c of the adapter 13, and an outer ring | wheel end surface. For this reason, even if the bent portion 11c of the boot 11 tries to expand outward in the axial direction, the branch portion 18 prevents this expansion. Thereby, even if it receives the centrifugal force accompanying high-speed rotation, it tries to avoid the outward damage in the axial direction and prevent the boot 11 from being damaged.

Moreover, the sealing chamber 19 is provided between the branch part 18 and the adapter 13, and it is trying to prevent expansion | swelling of the bending part 11c (intermediate flexible part) by this.
JP-A-8-284972 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 8-296662

  In the thing of patent document 1, when the big operating angle is taken, the adapter 13 will contact | win the boot 11 via the buffer part 16. FIG. However, the other end 13 b of the adapter 13 made of metal or the like is accommodated in the buffer portion 16. For this reason, the boot 11 is sandwiched between the other end portion 13b and the shaft 8, and damage to the boot 11 cannot be prevented. In addition, the other end portion 13b of the adapter 13 must be surrounded by the large diameter portion 11a of the boot 11, which is inferior in assemblability.

  In the device described in Patent Document 2, like the sealing device shown in FIG. 9, the other end portion 13 b of the adapter 13 is exposed to the outside, and the boot 11 is sandwiched between the adapter 13 and the shaft 8. Cannot be avoided.

  In addition, there is a risk that the angle between the joint shaft center and the shaft shaft center is greater than the maximum allowable angle during assembly, transportation, and assembly to the vehicle. Therefore, it is necessary to fix and support the constant velocity universal joint so as not to exceed the allowable angle during conveyance. In addition, the boots must be handled so that the angle does not exceed the allowable angle when painting, balancing, or assembling to the vehicle.

  In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a constant velocity universal joint that can prevent the boot from being pinched between the adapter and the shaft and prevent the boot from being damaged by the pinching. Objective.

  The constant velocity universal joint of the present invention includes an outer joint member having a plurality of track grooves extending in the axial direction on the inner peripheral surface, a plurality of track grooves extending in the axial direction on the outer peripheral surface, and one end of the shaft in the inner diameter hole. A plurality of balls that transmit torque by being interposed between the track grooves of the inner and outer joint members, and a cage that is held between the outer joint member and the inner joint member to hold the balls. A sealing device that closes the outer joint member opening on the shaft protruding side, and the sealing device includes a metal cylindrical adapter whose one end is fitted to the outer joint member, and a large-diameter portion of the adapter. In a constant velocity universal joint having a boot made of a flexible material connected to the other end portion and having a small diameter portion fitted to the shaft, the joint allowable angle is in contact with the ball in a state where the joint allowable angle is taken. Regulations In which the boot sandwiched angle regulation mechanism for preventing between the shaft and the adapter is provided on the inner joint member by.

  By providing the inner joint member with an angle suppression mechanism that restricts the joint allowable angle, it is possible to avoid a bent state in which the boot is sandwiched between the shaft and the adapter, and to prevent the boot from being caught. it can.

  The angle suppression mechanism includes a spacer member that enters the track groove from the end surface of the inner joint member and contacts the ball. The pawl portion of the spacer member extends inward in the axial direction from the inner joint member end surface along the bottom surface of the track groove.

  By providing the spacer member, when the shaft axis is bent at a predetermined angle with respect to the joint axis, the claw portion of the spacer member abuts on the ball, and the bending beyond the predetermined angle is restricted. To do. That is, movement of the meridian direction (arc along a sphere centered on the bending point of the joint) is restricted by the contact of the ball with the tip edge of the claw portion of the spacer member, and the allowable joint angle can be restricted. it can.

  The outer surface tip portion of the pawl portion of the spacer member is a tapered surface that inclines inward toward the inner side in the axial direction, and the tip edge of the claw portion is a convex curved surface. Thereby, when a ball | bowl and a spacer member contact, the load which a ball presses a spacer member can be disperse | distributed in multiple directions.

  The spacer member includes a ring-shaped main body portion that is externally fitted to a shaft, and the claw portion that is continuously provided on the outer periphery of the main body portion, via a retaining ring (snap ring) for retaining the shaft. The main body is attached to the inner joint member. That is, the spacer member can be fixed to the inner joint member end surface on the anti-boot side by using a retaining ring necessary for fixing the shaft.

  Since a constant velocity universal joint used for a propeller shaft of an automobile has a small operating angle (ordinary angle), the constant velocity universal joint is optimally used for a propeller shaft.

  By providing the inner joint member with an angle suppression mechanism that restricts the joint allowable angle, it is possible to avoid a bent state in which the boot is sandwiched between the shaft and the adapter, and to prevent the boot from being caught. it can. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the boot from being damaged or the boot fixing plate (adapter) from being deformed, and the sealing device can exhibit its function over a long period of time. In addition, since it is not necessary to surround the other end of the adapter with the large diameter portion of the boot, the assemblability can be improved.

  The movement of the ball in the meridian direction is restricted by the claw portion of the spacer member. That is, when the shaft axis is bent at a predetermined angle with respect to the joint axis, the pawl portion of the spacer member abuts on the ball to restrict the bending beyond the predetermined angle. It can be done reliably. For this reason, the reliability of prevention of pinching of boots is improved. Further, since the pawl portion of the spacer member extends along the track groove, it is possible to improve the mounting stability.

  By distributing the load that the ball presses the spacer member in multiple directions, the load is not concentrated in one place, so that the durability of the spacer member can be increased.

  Since the spacer member is attached to the inner joint member via a retaining ring for preventing the shaft from coming off, a special member for fixing the spacer member to the inner joint member is not necessary, Detachable.

  The constant velocity universal joint used for the propeller shaft of an automobile has a small operating angle (ordinary angle). Therefore, the constant velocity universal joint is optimally used for the propeller shaft. Thus, the constant velocity universal joint is attached to the propeller shaft. If used, a stable function can be exhibited over a long period of time. In particular, balance correction in the state where it is assembled to the propeller shaft, and handling during painting process and assembly to the vehicle are facilitated.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The constant velocity universal joint according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes an inner ring 21 as an inner joint member, an outer ring 22 as an outer joint member, a ball 23 and a cage 24 as main components.

  The inner ring 21 has a plurality of track grooves 26 formed on its outer peripheral surface (convex spherical outer peripheral surface). A shaft 28 is inserted into the center hole (inner diameter hole) 25 of the inner ring 21 and is spline-fitted, and torque can be transmitted between the two by the spline fitting. The shaft 28 is prevented from coming off from the inner ring 21 by a snap ring 32.

  The outer ring 22 has the same number of track grooves 27 as the track grooves 26 of the inner ring 21 formed on its inner peripheral surface (cylindrical inner peripheral surface). A plurality of balls 23 for transmitting torque are incorporated between the track groove 27 of the outer ring 22 and the track groove 26 of the inner ring 21. A cage 24 is disposed between the inner ring 21 and the outer ring 22, and the ball 23 is held in a pocket 29 of the cage 24.

  An end cap 50 is fitted on one end of the outer ring 22 in the axial direction (an opening on the opposite shaft protruding side), and the outer ring opening on the shaft protruding side is closed by a sealing device 30. The end cap 50 and the sealing device 30 prevent leakage of grease filled in the joint and prevent entry of foreign matter.

  The sealing device 30 is the same as the conventional sealing device 10 shown in FIG. 8, and includes a boot 31 made of a flexible material such as a rubber material or a resin material, and a metal adapter 33. The boot 31 connects (connects) a large-diameter portion 31a fixed to the outer ring 22 via the adapter 33, a small-diameter portion 31b fixed to the shaft 28 by a boot band 35, and the large-diameter portion 31a and the small-diameter portion 31b. And a bent portion 31c having a substantially U-shaped cross section.

  One end portion 33a of the adapter 33 is press-fitted through a seal member 34 such as an O-ring on the outer peripheral surface of the end portion of the outer ring 22 in order to secure sealing performance and pull-out strength with respect to the outer ring 22, and then subjected to crimping by rolling caulking or the like. Tightened and fixed. The other end portion 33 b of the adapter 33 holds and holds the large diameter portion 31 a of the boot 31. In other words, the large diameter portion 31 a of the boot 31 is surrounded by the other end portion 33 b of the adapter 33.

  An annular recess 37 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft 28, and a small-diameter portion 31 b of the boot 31 is fitted on the annular recess 37 and fastened with a boot band 35. Further, a circumferential groove 38 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the small diameter portion 31 b, and the boot band 35 is fitted in the circumferential groove 38.

  The end cap 50 includes a disc-shaped main body 50a and a small cap 50b attached to the axial center of the main body 50a. The main body 50 a includes a flat plate-like central portion 51 and a fitting portion 52 on the outer peripheral side of the central portion 51. And the fitting part 52 is fitted by the large diameter part 53 of the outer ring | wheel opening part by the side of anti-boots.

  The inner ring 21 is provided with an angle suppression mechanism 40 that restricts the joint allowable angle and prevents the boot 28 from being pinched between the shaft 28 and the adapter 33.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the angle restraining mechanism 40 is configured by providing a recess 44 on the end face of the inner ring 21 and fitting a spacer member 41 into the recess 44. As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the spacer member 41 includes a ring-shaped main body portion 43 and a claw portion 42 provided continuously on the outer periphery of the main body portion 43. Six claw portions 42 are arranged at a 60 ° pitch along the circumferential direction. The pawl portion 42 of the spacer member 41 has an outer surface distal end portion as a tapered surface 45 that inclines inward toward the inner side in the axial direction, and a distal end edge of the pawl portion 42 as a convex curved surface. That is, the tip edge of the claw portion 42 is rounded.

  The spacer member 41 has the main body portion 43 attached to the inner ring 21 via a retaining ring (snap ring) 32 for preventing the shaft from coming off. In other words, the retaining ring 32 necessary for fixing the shaft 28 abuts on the main body 43 of the spacer member 41, and the spacer member 41 can be fixed to the inner ring end face.

  As described above, when the spacer member 41 is fitted into the recess 44 provided on the end surface of the inner ring 21, the claw portion 42 enters the track groove 26 from the end surface of the inner ring 21 and extends along the bottom surface of the track groove 26. Extending axially inward from the end face of the inner ring 21.

  Therefore, from the state in which the joint axis (axis of the outer ring 22) O and the axis O1 of the shaft 28 coincide with each other, the axis O1 of the shaft 28 is aligned with the axis O of the outer ring 22 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the leading edge of the claw portion 42 of the spacer member 41 comes into contact with the ball 23 on the bending direction side. Here, the predetermined bent state is a bent state required for the portion where the constant velocity universal joint is used.

  If the claw portion 42 of the spacer member 41 abuts on the ball 23 in this way, the movement of the ball 23 in the meridian direction (arc along the sphere centering on the joint bending point) is restricted, and this direction is further exceeded. Bend is regulated. That is, if the angle suppression mechanism 40 is not provided, the bending angle θ with respect to the joint axis O is equal to or greater than the maximum allowable angle.

  However, the angle suppression mechanism 40 does not bend until a part of the boot 31 is sandwiched between the other end 33 b of the adapter 33 and the shaft 28. Further, the outer surface tip portion of the claw portion 42 of the spacer member 41 is a tapered surface 45 that inclines inward toward the inner side in the axial direction, and the tip edge of the claw portion is a convex curved surface. is there. Thereby, when the ball | bowl 23 and the spacer member 41 contact, the load which the ball | bowl 23 presses the spacer member 41 can be disperse | distributed in multiple directions.

  In the present invention, by providing the inner ring 21 with the angle suppression mechanism 40 that restricts the allowable joint angle, the bending angle θ can be prevented from becoming more than the maximum allowable angle. For this reason, it is possible to avoid a bent state in which the boot is sandwiched between the shaft 28 and the adapter 33, and it is possible to prevent the boot from being sandwiched. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the boot 31 from being damaged or the boot fixing plate (adapter) 33 from being deformed, and the sealing device 30 can exhibit its function over a long period of time. In addition, since it is not necessary to surround the other end portion of the adapter 33 with the large-diameter portion 31a of the boot 31, the assemblability can be improved.

  Movement of the ball 23 in the meridian direction is restricted by the claw portion 42 of the spacer member 43. That is, when the shaft axis O1 is bent at a predetermined angle with respect to the joint axis O, the claw portion 42 of the spacer member 43 abuts on the ball 23 to restrict the bending beyond the predetermined angle. The angle can be reliably controlled. For this reason, the reliability of prevention of pinching of boots is improved. Further, since the claw portion 42 of the spacer member 43 has a shape similar to the track groove 26 (a shape along the track bottom surface), it is possible to improve the mounting stability.

  Since the load that the ball 23 pushes the spacer member 41 is dispersed in multiple directions, the load is not concentrated in one place, so that the durability of the spacer member 41 can be increased.

  Since the spacer member 41 is attached to the inner ring 21 via a retaining ring 32 for preventing the shaft from coming off, a special member for fixing the spacer member 41 to the inner ring 21 is not required, and it can be easily attached. And can be removed.

  In addition, since the constant velocity universal joint used for the propeller shaft of an automobile has a small operating angle (ordinary angle), the constant velocity universal joint of the present invention is optimally used for the propeller shaft. If a quick universal joint is used, a stable function can be exhibited over a long period of time. In particular, balance correction in the state where it is assembled to the propeller shaft, and handling during painting process and assembly to the vehicle are facilitated.

  As described above, the constant velocity universal joint of the present invention is preferably used for a propeller shaft of an automobile, but of course, it can be used for other than the propeller shaft.

  Further, the predetermined angle of the angle restriction by the angle suppression mechanism 40 can be variously changed according to the outer diameter of the large diameter portion 31a of the boot 31, the outer diameter of the small diameter portion 31b, and the like. That is, the predetermined angle may be in a range that can prevent bending of the boot and can be bent in a usage environment.

  In the above embodiment, the angle suppression mechanism 40 is provided on the end face side of the inner ring 21 on the anti-boot side. However, the angle suppression mechanism 40 may be provided on the end face side of the inner ring 21 on the boot side. That is, the spacer member 41 that regulates the joint allowable angle may be mounted so as to abut on the end surface of the inner ring 21 on the boot side. Further, spacer members 41 may be provided at both ends of the inner ring 21 end face side on the anti-boot side and the inner ring 21 end face side on the boot side. In this case, the joint allowable angle can be restricted on both end surfaces of the inner ring 21, and stable regulation is possible.

  Although the recess 44 for fitting the spacer member 41 to the inner ring 21 is provided, the recess 44 may not be provided. Further, although the spacer member 41 is fixed to the end surface of the inner ring 21 through a retaining ring (snap ring) 32 for preventing the shaft from coming off, the spacer member 41 is not fixed to the spacer member 41 by other fixing means. May be fixed.

  Further, the main body 43 of the spacer member 41 may be endless or may have a notch as long as it can be fitted in the circumferential groove 41. Therefore, the material of the spacer member 41 can also cope with the environment in which the constant velocity universal joint is used, and restricts the allowable joint angle when the claw portion 42 of the spacer member 41 contacts the ball 23. As long as it can be used, various materials such as rubber, resin, and metal can be used.

  The constant velocity universal joint of the present invention can also be applied to a constant velocity universal joint that uses a ball as torque transmitting means.

It is sectional drawing of the constant velocity universal joint which shows embodiment of this invention. It is a principal part expanded sectional view which shows the angle suppression state of the said constant velocity universal joint. It is a perspective view of the spacer member of the constant velocity universal joint. It is a front view of the spacer member of the constant velocity universal joint. It is a side view of the spacer member of the constant velocity universal joint. It is a front view of the inner ring | wheel of the said constant velocity universal joint. It is sectional drawing of the inner ring | wheel of the said constant velocity universal joint. It is sectional drawing of the conventional constant velocity universal joint. It is sectional drawing of the other sealing device used for the conventional constant velocity universal joint. It is sectional drawing of another sealing device used for the conventional constant velocity universal joint.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Inner ring 2 Outer ring 3 Ball 4 Cage 6, 7 Track groove 8 Shaft 9 Pocket 10 Sealing device 11 Boot 11a Large diameter part 11b Small diameter part 11c Bending part 13 Boot adapter 13a End part 13b End part 13c Radial wall 14 Seal member 15 Boot Band 16 Buffer part 16a, 16b Adhesion part 17 Vent hole 18 Branch part 19 Sealing chamber 21 Inner ring 22 Outer ring 23 Ball 24 Cage 25 Center hole 26, 27 Track groove 28 Shaft 29 Pocket 30 Sealing device 31 Boot 31a Large diameter part 31b Small diameter part 31c Bending part 32 Snap ring 33 Boot adapter 33a End part 33b End part 34 Seal member 35 Boot band 37 Annular recess 38 Circumferential groove 40 Angle restraining mechanism 41 Spacer member 42 Claw part 43 Main part 44 Recess 50 End cap 50a Main part 50b Small cap part 51 Medium Part 52 fitting portion 53 large diameter portion O joint axis O1 shaft axis θ angle of bend

Claims (6)

  An outer joint member in which a plurality of track grooves extending in the axial direction are formed on the inner peripheral surface, an inner joint member in which a plurality of track grooves extending in the axial direction are formed in the outer peripheral surface and one end of the shaft is connected to the inner diameter hole; A plurality of balls that transmit torque by being interposed between the track grooves of the inner and outer joint members, a cage that is held between the outer joint member and the inner joint member and holds the balls, and an outer joint member opening on the shaft protruding side A sealing device for closing the portion, and the sealing device includes a metal cylindrical adapter whose one end is fitted to the outer joint member, and a small diameter while the large diameter portion is connected to the other end of the adapter. In a constant velocity universal joint having a boot made of a flexible material fitted to the shaft, the shaft abuts against the ball in a state where the joint allowable angle is taken, the joint allowable angle is regulated, and the shaft and the adapter Constant velocity universal joint of the boot sandwiched angle regulation mechanism that prevents between, characterized in that provided in the inner joint member.   2. The constant velocity universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the angle suppression mechanism includes a spacer member having a claw portion that enters the track groove from an end surface of the inner joint member and contacts the ball.   3. The constant velocity universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the nail portion of the spacer member extends inward in the axial direction from the end surface of the inner joint member along the bottom surface of the track groove.   The outer surface tip portion of the claw portion of the spacer member is a tapered surface that inclines inward toward the inner side in the axial direction, and the tip edge of the claw portion is a convex curved surface. The constant velocity automatic coupling according to any one of claims 1 to 3.   The spacer member includes a main body portion that is externally fitted to a shaft and has a ring shape, and the claw portion that is continuously provided on the outer periphery of the main body portion, and the main body portion is interposed via a retaining ring for preventing the shaft from coming off. The constant velocity automatic joint according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the constant velocity automatic joint is mounted on an inner joint member. The constant velocity universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the constant velocity universal joint is used for a propeller shaft of an automobile.

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