JP2007170234A - Variable wing type wind force converting mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To increase working efficiency during the normal operation of a windmill. <P>SOLUTION: In this variable wing type wind force converting mechanism A, a pair of holding plates 10a, 10b are vertically installed at the upper and lower parts of a rotating shaft 11x supported vertically. Variable vanes 14 receiving wind force which are installed on the holding plates 10, 10b at predetermined positions in the radial direction and at predetermined angular intervals in the circumferential direction. A weight 18 is fitted to the end of the arm 17 of a connection member extending in the radial direction of the extension 13xe of the support shaft. An elastic member 13b is fitted to one of the support shaft 13x and the connection member and the variable vanes 14 are held in a fully opened state by its elastic force up to a predetermined wind velocity. The variable vanes 14 are formed to be opened and closed so that when the variable vanes are rotating over the predetermined wind velocity, the centrifugal force of the weight 18 overcomes the elastic force of the elastic member 13b, and the variable vanes 14 are closed according to the magnitude of the wind velocity. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a variable wing type wind power conversion mechanism that converts wind blowing in all directions from light wind to strong wind into energy such as electric power and rotational force.

  Research on wind turbines that convert wind power into rotational force and use the energy as energy such as electric power has been conducted for a long time. The so-called windmills as a mechanism for extracting energy such as electric power by converting wind power into rotational force are roughly classified into two types, a horizontal axis type and a vertical axis type, and each has advantages and disadvantages. The vertical axis type is installed in a direction perpendicular to the wind blowing direction, and it is not necessary to rotate the windmill parallel to the wind blowing direction like the horizontal axis type, and such a rotation mechanism is not necessary. There is an advantage that the whole mechanism becomes simple.

  As a vertical axis type windmill, a Darrieus type having a high peripheral speed ratio (blade peripheral speed / wind speed) and a Saponius type having a low peripheral speed ratio are known. On the other hand, Darrieus type windmills have a high peripheral speed ratio and high conversion efficiency, while high wind noise and high blade precision are required. The Saponius type has a low wind noise, but since the peripheral speed is low, high conversion efficiency for converting the wind speed into rotational torque cannot be obtained. However, compared to other types of wind turbines, the installation location is not limited, and there is an advantage that it is small and can be easily installed as a wind power generator anywhere.

  As an example of a Saponius type wind power generation mechanism, a “Saponius wind power generation device” of Patent Document 1 is known. In this wind turbine generator, a generator is connected to a vertical shaft in which a plurality of blades are radially fixed, and the plurality of blades are fixed between upper and lower rotating plates fixed to the vertical shaft, and an air vent hole is formed in each blade. In addition, projecting blades are provided on the outer periphery between the upper and lower rotary plates. This power generator pays attention to the advantages of the Saponius type and improves the flow of airflow compressed between multiple blades so as to obtain a large rotational force (rotational speed) so that a large amount of power can be obtained. It is a thing.

  For this reason, airflow compressed between multiple blades facing each other during rotation of each blade is released from the vent holes formed in each blade, reducing the resistance of the air pressure applied to the blade surface and facilitating high-speed rotation In addition, by providing projecting blades on the outer periphery between the upper and lower rotary plates, rotation is performed at a higher speed.

  As another example, a “wind turbine for wind power generation” in Patent Document 2 is known. This windmill is also a vertical axis type, and the end of the blade support shaft that extends in the radial direction of the vertical rotation axis in order to increase the generated torque by utilizing the advantages of the lift type and drag type, and to enable use in a wide range of wind speeds The U-shaped rain gutter-shaped wind-receiving gutter provided on the arc, the arc-shaped main blade extending in the circumferential direction of the windmill rotation from the vicinity of the center of the U-shape, and the U-shaped center line are symmetrical axes The sub-wings are arranged substantially symmetrically with the main blades. In this device, due to the wind force acting on the rotor blades placed in the wind flow, the drag force acting on the wind-receiving ridge in parallel and the force acting on the main blade and the sub blade in the direction perpendicular to the flow. Torque is generated by the working lift.

  By the way, the general conventional Darrieus-type and Saponius-type windmills and the windmills of Patent Documents 1 and 2 increase the rotational speed and rotational force of the windmill at a predetermined wind speed, and are in the most efficient state. It is explained on the assumption that it can be driven. However, when the wind actually blows, the direction of the wind always changes and the wind speed always changes. In particular, when the typhoon or low pressure approaches, the wind speed fluctuates greatly, and if the wind turbine blade (wind receiving plate) is left fully open at a strong wind speed of 25 to 35 m / s, the installed wind turbine itself There is a risk of collapse. However, in the conventional windmill, there is an emphasis on improving the operation efficiency at the time of normal operation, and there is no example which examined how to protect the safety of a windmill at the time of the above strong wind.

  If the wind turbine blades (wind receiving plates) are installed in a fully open state during strong winds, the wind speed received by the blades and the rotation speed of the wind turbines due to the wind force will increase according to the magnitude of the strong wind. If it exceeds the strong wind condition, it will be difficult to hold the windmill itself, and if such a dangerous state is predicted, the windmill cannot be installed and this will be a factor that hinders its spread.

  In consideration of the above problems, the present invention improves the operating efficiency during normal operation of the wind turbine, and when the wind turbine blade (wind receiving plate) is fixed in a fully open state during strong winds, Variable wing wind power conversion with wind turbine blades that can be changed to reduce the wind speed received by the blade and the wind receiving state of the wind turbine by the wind force according to the size of the strong wind as the risk of collapse increases. It is an object to provide a mechanism.

  As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a pair of holding plates above and below a rotating shaft supported in the vertical direction, and holds a plurality of positions at predetermined angular intervals in the circumferential direction at predetermined positions in the radial direction of the holding plates. A variable wing for receiving wind is attached to each of vertical support shafts provided so as to be rotatable with respect to the plate, and a weight is attached to an end of a connecting member extending in the radial direction with respect to an extension shaft of the support shaft. An elastic member is attached to one of the members, and the variable wing is held in the fully open state by the elastic force up to a predetermined wind speed, and the centrifugal force of the weight overcomes the elastic force of the elastic member when rotating at a wind speed higher than a predetermined value. The variable wing wind power conversion mechanism is configured so that the variable wings can be freely opened and closed so as to close in accordance with the magnitude of the wind speed.

  The variable wing type wind power conversion mechanism of the present invention configured as described above is provided on vertical support shafts that are provided at predetermined positions in the radial direction of the holding plate and rotatably with respect to the holding plate at predetermined angular intervals in the circumferential direction. Since a plurality of variable blades that receive wind are attached, the variable blades are set to a fully open state so that the entire device rotates with high efficiency during normal times. In this case, the number of blades of a normal Saponius type windmill is two, but in the variable blade type wind power conversion mechanism of the present invention, a state where more winds are received is generated by using a larger number, for example, three. To produce a highly efficient wind receiving state.

  In this case, rotation stop means for preventing the variable blade from being opened by the elastic member in a state where the blade tip is opened in the substantially radial direction is provided, and this state is set as a fully open state. This is because when the elastic member is set in a contracted state or in a tension state, and the elastic force accumulated thereby biases the variable wing in the direction to open the variable wing, the opening force of the variable wing is set. This is because the variable blade is stopped in a predetermined fully open state. The variable wing is provided with a length corresponding to the space between the upper and lower holding plates in the direction of the vertical support axis in the shape of a substantially circular arc in plan view, and converts the drag and lift acting on the outer surface of the wing to rotational force to increase the rotational speed. The rotation of high rotational force is transmitted to the rotating shaft.

  In the variable wing type wind power conversion mechanism having the above-described configuration, when the wind of a predetermined speed or higher starts to blow, the variable wing is operated from the fully open state to the closing direction. This is because the weight is attached to the end of the connecting member extending in the radial direction with respect to the extension shaft of the support shaft, and the elastic member is attached to either the support shaft or the connecting member, and the variable blades up to a predetermined wind speed by the elastic force. Since the variable wings are openable and closable so that the centrifugal force of the weight overcomes the elastic force of the elastic member and the variable wings close according to the wind speed when rotating at a wind speed above a predetermined level. Yes, the open state of the variable wing changes according to the wind speed. For example, when the wind speed of 35 m / s or more is blown, the variable blade is prevented from being blown off with the variable blade fully closed, and the risk of the entire variable blade-type wind power conversion mechanism collapsing with a strong wind is prevented.

  The variable wing type wind power conversion mechanism according to the present invention is provided with a holding plate on a rotating shaft supported in a vertical direction, and a vertical supporting shaft provided at a predetermined position in the radial direction of the holding plate so as to be rotatable with respect to the holding plate at a plurality of positions. A variable wing that receives wind is attached, a weight is attached to the extension shaft of the support shaft, an elastic member is attached to the support shaft, and the elastic blade is used to hold the variable wing open to a predetermined wind speed. Because the centrifugal force of the weight overcomes the elastic force of the elastic member and the variable wing can be opened and closed so that the variable wing can be closed according to the wind speed, the variable wing can be used in normal winds of 20 m / s or less. Operates in the fully open state, and when the wind is 25m / s or more, the variable blade is operated to rotate by the centrifugal force of the weight so that it closes according to the wind speed. When the wind is 35m / s or more, the variable blade is fully closed. The entire variable wing wind power conversion mechanism The advantage that it is possible to prevent the risk of collapse is obtained.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of the variable wing wind power conversion mechanism of the first embodiment. As shown in the figure, the variable wing wind power converter A has an extension shaft 11xe extending below a vertical shaft 11x provided through the centers of holding plates 10a and 10b provided at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction. The variable wings 14 (example shown in the figure) are provided at a plurality of positions at predetermined angular positions in the radial direction with respect to the vertical axis 11x and at predetermined angular intervals in the circumferential direction between the holding plates 10a and 10b. Then, three locations, 14a, 14b, and 14c) are provided. The support plate 12 is rotatably attached to the top of the case C of the support base. Reference numeral 12f denotes a flywheel, which is provided separately and integrally with the support plate 12 (both members may be provided integrally).

  The variable wing 14 is fixed to a support shaft 13x vertically attached to a predetermined distance position in the radial direction between the holding plates 10a and 10b, and rotates with the rotation of the support shaft 13x. The support shaft 13x is rotatably supported by a bearing 13a with respect to the holding plates 10a and 10b, and an extension shaft below the support shaft 13x is rotatably attached to the support plate 12 by the bearing 13a. The variable wing 14 has a substantially semicircular arc in cross section in plan view and is provided with brackets 14s in a plurality of stages (three stages in the illustrated example) in the length direction of a wing member extending in a semicylindrical shape in the vertical direction. Is formed.

  The support shaft 13x has an arm 17 attached to an extension shaft portion below the support shaft 13x, and a weight 18 attached to the tip of the arm 17. In this example, a hollow shaft is used as the support shaft 13x, and an elastic member 13b using a coil spring is inserted therein. One end of the coil spring is fixed to the support plate 12, and the other end is fixed to the upper end of the support shaft 13x. The elastic member 13b allows the arm 17 and the weight 18 to be moved with the variable wing 14 normally opened in the most radial direction. It is set in a direction substantially parallel to the tangential direction of the holding plates 10a and 10b. The coil spring of the elastic member 13b is attached in a contracted state from the naturally wound state with an elastic force sufficient to set the variable wing 14 shown in FIG. 2 to the most opened position, and is counterclockwise to release from the contracted state. A force in a direction to open the variable blade 14 is applied by the rotational force to the.

  Then, the pin 15b provided on the support shaft 13x abuts the convex member 15a provided on the lower holding plate 10b at the position shown in the figure, and the variable blade 14 rotates counterclockwise about the support shaft 13x. Rotation stop means 15 for preventing the rotation is provided, and the variable blade 14 is held in the most open position by this means. In the illustrated example, it is assumed that the rotation direction of the variable wing 14 is set so that the entire variable wing wind power converter A rotates counterclockwise. However, the support shaft 13x may be a solid shaft, and the coil spring of the elastic member 13b may be wound around the outer periphery thereof. Moreover, the elastic member 13b shall set the elastic coefficient k to a predetermined state by setting appropriately the wire diameter and material of the coil spring.

  When the elastic coefficient k is set to a predetermined state, when the wind speed is rotated at a high speed, for example, at a wind speed exceeding 25 m / s, the centrifugal force that increases according to the rate of increase in the rotational speed due to the wind speed is a coil spring of the elastic member 13b. When the weight 18 and the arm 17 are swung outward by overcoming the elasticity of the blade, the variable blade 14 begins to rotate in the closing direction, and when the wind speed is 30 m / s, the variable blade 14 is closed 80% and further exceeds that. It means setting to the value of the elastic modulus corresponding to complete closing. Since the elastic coefficient is set as described above and the wind with a wind speed higher than the predetermined speed has a risk that the variable wing type wind power converter A itself may collapse due to the wind force, such a structure that does not collapse with the wind force is assumed.

  As described above, the support plate 12 is rotatably attached to the top portion of the case C of the support base. In this case, the support plate 12 is also supported rotatably by the bearing 11a with respect to the vertical shaft 11x, and Although not shown, a thrust bearing is provided between the support plate 12 and the case C so that it can be held against a force in a direction in which the vertical shaft 11x is tilted by wind force. Further, the extension shaft 11xe of the vertical shaft 11x is connected to the input shaft 19 of the generator G via the shaft joint 16. Cb is an output line. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the variable wing wind power converter A, and FIG. 3 is an external perspective view of the variable wing wind power converter A with the variable wing 14 completely closed.

  The variable wing type wind power converter A of this embodiment having the above-described configuration is a so-called Saponius type windmill, which has three blades compared to a normal Saponius type windmill having two blades, and each blade. The variable wing 14 has the highest efficiency in a normal state and closes the variable wing 14 in a strong wind to prevent the risk of the variable wing wind power converter A collapsing with the wind force. When the variable wing type wind power converter A starts operating, the variable wing 14 is in the open state in which the variable wing 14 is opened most in the radial direction as a normal state from the light wind of about 3 m / s to just before the strong wind of 25 m / s. The rotational force is transmitted from the variable wing 14 to the vertical shaft 11x, and the rotation is transmitted to the generator G at a rotational speed corresponding to the wind speed in the state of receiving each wind. Rotate.

  In this normal state, the variable blade 14 is set in the most open state shown in FIG. 4A by the elastic force of the coil spring of the elastic member 13b provided in the support shaft 13x. And as shown in FIG. 2, even if a wind blows from any direction of the east, west, north, and south with respect to the installed variable wing type wind power converter A, a windmill part rotates according to the wind force and wind speed. In this case, for example, if the wind blows in the lower right direction of FIG. 2, that is, in the direction from approximately southeast to northwest, the rotational force caused by the wind in this direction is the variable wing 14a out of the three variable wings 14a, 14b, 14c. , A speed difference occurs in the flow velocity of the wind flowing along the front side (arc surface side) and the back side of the blade, and based on this speed difference, the lift force that turns the variable blade 14a counterclockwise is converted into a rotational force.

  In the second variable blade 14b, a drag force that is pushed against the wind force directly acting on the inside of the blade becomes a rotational force, and the windmill portion is rotated by this rotational force. The third variable wing 14c receives wind force on the wing surface and acts in a direction that prevents rotation against counterclockwise rotation. However, the flow of the wind flows along the blade surface and does not generate a large reaction force, and the rotational force of the two variable blades 14a and 14b is large, so that the wind turbine unit is rotated by the drag and lift. In the above description, the action from the southeast to the northwest has been described. However, by providing the three variable wings 14a, 14b, and 14c, the wind blows from the east, west, north, and south directions in the same way. And rotate.

  The above is an effect | action by the normal wind to the above-mentioned strong wind 25m / s, and when the wind speed exceeds the said strong wind area, it acts as follows. When the wind velocity exceeds 25 m / s, the rotational speed of the variable wing 14 (14a, 14b, 14c) increases, and the tip of the arm 17 connected to the extension shaft 13xe extended below the support shaft 13x. The centrifugal force of the weight 18 is increased. Therefore, due to the elasticity of the coil spring of the elastic member 13b, the centrifugal force becomes larger than the opening force that holds the variable wings 14a, 14b, 14c in the maximum open state. As described above, the weight 18 is swung outward from the normal state. By swinging the weight 18 outward, the variable wings 14a, 14b, and 14c rotate around the support shaft 13x in a direction to close the wing portion.

  When the open state of the variable blades 14a, 14b, and 14c is reduced, the wind receiving area is reduced. However, since the increase in the wind speed is larger than the decrease in the wind receiving area, the rotation speed is increased more and the wind speed is close to 35 m / s. The blades 14a, 14b, and 14c are in an open state of 80% closing, and when the wind speed is higher than this, the blades 14a, 14b, and 14c operate so as to be completely closed as shown in FIG. 4 (c). For this reason, in the conventional wind power generator, even when the wind speed increases due to the approach of a typhoon or low atmospheric pressure and there is a risk of collapsing as it is, the variable wing type wind power converter A of this embodiment has the variable wings. By closing 14a, 14b, and 14c, it is possible to protect against such a dangerous state.

  Next, FIGS. 5 and 6 are a side view and a plan view of the variable wing wind turbine A ′ according to the second embodiment. In this embodiment, the configuration of the variable wing 14 and the opening / closing method of the variable wing 14 are different from those of the first embodiment. Hereinafter, different configurations will be mainly described, and the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the first embodiment, and the description thereof will be omitted. The variable blade 14 is fixed to the upper and lower holding plates 10a and 10b so that the inner end ends slightly at the center side from the support shaft 13x and the fixed blade 14k continues to the inner end. The arm 17 and the weight 18 are also provided in the same manner as in the first embodiment. However, in this embodiment, when the opening / closing force due to the centrifugal force of the weight 18 is insufficient, the hydraulic cylinder 21 and the wire are used as auxiliary means that act supplementarily. The second opening / closing means 20 is provided.

  The second opening / closing means 20 is provided on the lower holding plate 10b. However, the same means may be provided in a pair on the upper holding plate 10a. The hydraulic pressure is sent from the hydraulic pipe 22 to the hydraulic cylinder 21 of the second opening / closing means 20, and this hydraulic pressure passes above the shaft joint 16 on the extension shaft extending through the center of the vertical shaft 11x and extending downward. A hydraulic pipe 22 passing through the center of the vertical shaft 11x from a hydraulic pump 24 fixed to the top plate in the case C is connected by a rotary hydraulic joint (not shown). The hydraulic pipe extends upward and is disposed in the hydraulic cylinder 21.

  The tip of the wire 23 is connected to the outer end of the variable wing 14 which is normally fully open by a coil spring of the elastic member 13b, and is guided to be reversed through a pulley in the middle, and the other end of the wire 23 is placed downward. The movable pulley is fixed to the holding plate 10b, the movable pulley is connected to the tip of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 21, and the movable pulley 14 is driven by the hydraulic cylinder 21 so that the variable blade 14 can be opened and closed. When the variable blade 14 is closed, as shown by a dotted line in FIG. 6, the outer surface thereof is closed at a position that coincides with the outer periphery of the holding plates 10a and 10b.

  The variable-wing wind power converter A ′ of this embodiment having the above-described configuration is the same as the variable-wing wind power converter A of the first embodiment in its basic operation, and is variable up to a wind speed of 25 m / s. The blade 14 rotates in a fully open state, and at higher wind speeds, the variable blade 14 rotates in the closing direction by the centrifugal force of the weight 18. However, when only the centrifugal force of the weight 18 cannot cope with the wind speed fluctuation when the strong wind actually blows, the hydraulic cylinder 21 of the second opening / closing means 20 is operated to close the variable blade 14 by the centrifugal force. Assist.

  When the wind speed is 25 m / s or higher, the support shaft 13x rotates at a predetermined speed or more. When such rotation is performed, the hydraulic pump 24 generates a hydraulic pressure at a predetermined level or higher by the rotational force. The hydraulic cylinder 21 is actuated by a hydraulic pressure higher than a predetermined value, and the wire 23 is pulled in, so that the variable blade 14 is operated in the closing direction. And if a wind speed approaches 35 m / s, it will drive in the direction which closes 80%, and the variable wing | blade 14 can be closed reliably.

  The closed state of the variable wing 14 is changed to the dotted line state of FIG. 6 because, in the case of a strong wind, it is better to provide a space that can be blown between the adjacent variable wing 14 and the variable wing 14 against the wind than when the front is closed. This is because the resistance is reduced. Further, as shown by the alternate long and short dash line, the variable blades 14 (14a, 14b, 14c) in FIG. Can be formed as a completely closed blade profile. This is because the variable wing 14 having a closed cross section has a higher lift and a higher rotational force.

  The variable wing type wind power conversion mechanism of the present invention uses the wing of the Saponius type windmill mechanism as a variable wing so that it can be fully closed by the centrifugal force of the weight when it is in a dangerous state due to excessive wind speed. Since it is highly efficient and can prevent the entire variable wing type wind power conversion mechanism from collapsing during strong winds, it can be widely used as a wind turbine mechanism of a wind power generator.

1 is an external perspective view of a variable wing wind turbine according to a first embodiment. Top view of the machine External perspective view with variable wings closed Explanatory drawing of the function Side view of the variable wing wind power converter of the second embodiment Top view of the machine

Explanation of symbols

10a, 10b Holding plate 11x Vertical shaft 11xe Extension shaft 12 Support plate 13x Support shaft 13a Bearing 13b Elastic member 13xe Extension shaft 14 Variable vane 16 Shaft joint 17 Arm 18 Weight 19 Input shaft A Variable vane wind power converter

Claims (5)

  A pair of holding plates 10a and 10b are provided above and below the rotating shaft 11x supported in the vertical direction, and are arranged at predetermined positions in the radial direction of the supporting plates 10a and 10b with respect to the plurality of holding plates 10a and 10b at predetermined angular intervals in the circumferential direction. The variable wings 14 for receiving wind are respectively attached to the vertical support shafts 13x that are rotatably provided, and the weight 18 is attached to the end of the connecting member extending in the radial direction with respect to the extension shaft 13xe of the support shaft 13x. The elastic member 13b is attached to either 13x or the connecting member, and the variable wing 14 is held in the fully open state by the elastic force up to a predetermined wind speed, and the centrifugal force of the weight 18 causes the elasticity of the elastic member 13b to rotate at a predetermined wind speed or higher. A variable wing type wind power conversion mechanism in which the variable wing 14 is provided so as to be openable and closable so as to overcome the force and close the variable wing 14 according to the magnitude of the wind speed.   2. The variable wing wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the variable wing is provided with a length corresponding to a space between the upper and lower holding plates in a vertical support shaft direction in a substantially arcuate cross section in plan view. Conversion mechanism.   The elastic member 13b is set in a contracted state or a tensioned state, and the elastic force accumulated thereby biases the variable blade 14 in the opening direction to set the variable blade 14 in a fully open state. The variable wing type wind power conversion mechanism according to claim 1 or 2.   The rotation stop means (15) for preventing the variable blade (14) from being opened by the elastic member (13b) is provided in a state in which the blade tip is opened in a substantially radial direction, and this state is set as a fully open state. The variable wing type wind power conversion mechanism according to any one of claims 3 to 4.   When the variable blade 14 is closed in a fully closed state by the centrifugal force of the weight 18, the outer periphery of the variable blade 14 overlaps with the outer periphery of the holding plates 10a and 10b, and the outer periphery of the variable blade 14 is a fully closed shape that is continuous with each other. The variable wing type wind power conversion mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein

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