JP2007145883A - Carbonization apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a carbonization apparatus designed to accurately control the temperature in a retort without causing deviation in time and resultantly afford a carbonized material as desired. <P>SOLUTION: The carbonization apparatus is designed to carbonize organic dried sludge charged into the retort in a low oxygen or a non-oxygen atmosphere under indirect heating. In the carbonization apparatus, a temperature detecting means 73 and a steam feeding means 95 for cooling are inserted from one side of the retort into the axial line part in the retort. The amount of burning with burners 33 and/or the feed rate of the steam for cooling into the retort with the steam feeding means for cooling are controlled so that the temperature in the retort detected with the temperature detecting means is within the range of the set values. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a carbonization apparatus. When municipal sewage, industrial wastewater, etc. are treated by the activated sludge method, for example, a corresponding amount of organic sludge is newly generated. In order to effectively use such sludge, it is dehydrated, dried and then carbonized to use the carbide as a soil improvement material or fuel. The present invention relates to an improvement of a carbonization apparatus used when carbonizing organic dry sludge.

  Conventionally, as the carbonization apparatus as described above, a furnace body, a retort rotatably mounted across both side walls of the furnace body, and a plurality of units attached to a heating chamber between the furnace body and the retort The organic dry sludge charged into the retort from one end of the retort is carbonized in a low oxygen or oxygen-free atmosphere under indirect heating by combustion of the burner while rotating the retort. Such an apparatus is known (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

By the way, when carbonizing organic dry sludge, in order to obtain a carbide as desired, temperature control at the time of charcoal is important, and such temperature is generally controlled within a range of 300 to 900 ° C. This is because when the temperature is lower than 300 ° C., it is likely to be uncarbonized, and conversely, when the temperature exceeds 900 ° C., it becomes easy to ash, and anyway, the value as a carbide decreases. For this reason, in the conventional carbonization apparatus described above, a temperature detecting means, for example, a thermocouple, is inserted into the heating chamber between the furnace body and the retort, and the temperature detected thereby falls within a set value range, for example, The combustion amount of the burner attached to the heating chamber is controlled. However, in such a conventional carbonization device, what is actually measured is the temperature in the heating chamber between the furnace body and the retort, not the temperature in the retort that carbonizes organic dry sludge. However, it is unavoidable that a time lag occurs in the control, and as a result, the carbide is often not obtained as desired.
JP-A-11-37644 JP 2004-277465 A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a carbonization apparatus that can accurately control the temperature in the retort without causing a time lag, and as a result, can obtain carbide as desired.

  The present invention that solves the above-mentioned problems is a low-oxygen or oxygen-free sludge under indirect heating by combustion of a burner provided outside the retort while rotating the retort of organic dry sludge charged into the retort. In a carbonization apparatus configured to carbonize in an atmosphere, a temperature detection means and a cooling water vapor supply means are inserted into an axial line portion in the retort from one side of the retort, and the temperature in the retort detected by the temperature detection means is According to the carbonization apparatus, the combustion amount of the burner and / or the supply amount of the cooling water vapor into the retort by the cooling water vapor supply means are controlled so as to be within the set value range.

  Similarly to the conventional carbonization apparatus, the carbonization apparatus according to the present invention includes a furnace body, a retort that is rotatably mounted on both side walls of the furnace body, and a heating chamber between the furnace body and the retort. The organic dry sludge charged into the retort from one end of the retort is rotated under the retort with low oxygen or under indirect heating by combustion of the burner. Carbonization is performed in an oxygen-free atmosphere.

  The carbonization apparatus according to the present invention includes a temperature detection means and a cooling water vapor supply means inserted from one side surface of the retort into an axial portion in the retort, and the temperature in the retort detected by the temperature detection means is set. The combustion amount of the burner and / or the supply amount of cooling water vapor into the retort by the cooling water vapor supply means are controlled so as to be within the range of values.

  When the temperature in the retort is detected by the temperature detecting means, and the detected temperature is within the set value range, the burner is normally burned as it is, and the cooling water vapor is not supplied into the retort. However, if the detected temperature falls outside the set value range, the burner combustion amount is usually increased. Conversely, if the detected temperature falls outside the set value range, the burner is usually burned. And the cooling steam is supplied into the retort. The burner combustion amount and the cooling steam supply amount are controlled in accordance with the degree of decrease or increase in the detected temperature. Since the temperature of the heating chamber tends to become high due to the combustion of the dry distillation gas, when carbonizing at a low temperature (about 300 to 600 ° C.), cooling steam is always supplied and the detected temperature is within the set value range. If the detected temperature falls outside the set value range, the supply amount of the cooling steam is reduced, and the detected temperature rises outside the set value range. In such a case, the supply amount of the cooling water vapor can be increased. In the carbonization apparatus according to the present invention, the temperature in the retort that carbonizes the organic dry sludge is directly detected. Therefore, the temperature is accurately detected in the first place, and the burner combustion amount and the inside of the retort are determined based on the accurate temperature. Since the supply amount of the cooling water vapor is controlled, the temperature in the retort can be accurately controlled without causing a time lag.

  When organic dry sludge is carbonized in the retort, not only the temperature but also the pressure fluctuates in the retort. As described above, if the temperature is too low, it is likely to be uncarbonized, and conversely, if the temperature is too high, it is likely to be ashed. If the oxygen atmosphere tends to be disturbed and the pressure is too high, the product gas such as dry distillation gas or malodorous gas generated by carbonization tends to leak out of the carbonization apparatus, which is inconvenient in any case. For this reason, in the carbonization apparatus according to the present invention, pressure detection means is further inserted into the axial line portion in the retort from one side surface of the retort, and the pressure in the retort detected by the pressure detection means falls within the set value range. It is preferable to control the rotational speed of an exhaust fan that sucks and exhausts the generated gas in the retort and / or the opening degree of a damper interposed in a duct to which the exhaust fan is connected.

  The means for inserting the temperature detection means, the cooling water supply means, and the pressure detection means from one side of the retort into the axial line part in the retort is not particularly limited, but it is multiplexed from one side of the retort to the axial line part in the retort. It is preferable to insert a tube and insert a temperature detecting means, a cooling water vapor supplying means, and a pressure detecting means through the multiple tube. For example, a double pipe is cantilevered from one side of the retort into the axial line in the retort, and the inner pipe is exposed while the thermocouple is exposed from the tip of the inner pipe to the retort. Is used as a sampling tube for the retort pressure, and among the double tubes, a plurality of holes are formed in the outer tube, and cooling water vapor is blown into the retort from the holes.

  According to the carbonization apparatus of the present invention, there is an effect that the temperature in the retort can be accurately controlled without causing a time shift, and as a result, the carbide can be obtained as desired.

  FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating a carbonization apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. The carbonization apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a furnace body 11 and a retort 12 that is rotatably mounted on both side walls of the furnace body 11. A heating chamber 21 is formed between the furnace body 11 and the retort 12, and an exhaust gas treatment chamber 22 is formed in communication with the lower chamber of the heating chamber 21. The heating chamber 21 includes a plurality of burners. 31 and a burner 32 are also attached to the exhaust gas treatment chamber 22. An inlet 41 is opened at one end of the retort 12, and a discharge port 42 is opened at the other end. A plurality of pipe-shaped exhaust port members are provided in the middle of the heating chamber 21 of the retort 12. 43 is attached. An organic dry sludge supply means (not shown) is connected to the charging port 41, and the inside of the retort 12 and the heating chamber 21 are communicated with each other by an exhaust port member 43. An outlet hood 44 is provided to prevent air from entering the interior 12. An exhaust port 51 is opened in the furnace body 11 forming the exhaust gas treatment chamber 22, a duct 52 is connected to the exhaust port 51, and a damper 53 and an exhaust fan 54 are interposed in the duct 52. Although not shown in the figure, the temperature of the heating chamber tends to become high due to the combustion of dry distillation gas. Therefore, when carbonizing at a low temperature (about 300 to 600 ° C.), a heat insulating material is wrapped around the retort, or the retort is turned off. It is also possible to suppress the transfer of heat from the heating chamber into the retort by flowing fluid into the space as a heavy structure.

  From one side of the retort 12 on the discharge port 42 side, a double pipe 61 is inserted into the axial portion inside the retort 12 through the outlet hood 44. A thermocouple 71 is passed through the inner tube 62 sealed at both ends in the double tube 61, and the tip of the thermocouple 71 is exposed from the inner tube 62 into the retort 12, and its base end is It is taken out from the inner pipe 62 and connected to the arithmetic unit 81 via a thermometer 72. Further, a plurality of water vapor outlet holes 91 are formed on the distal end side of the outer tube 63 whose both ends are sealed in the double tube 61 in the retort 12, and the proximal end side of the outer tube 63 has a heater 92 and The pump 94 is connected to a pump 94 through a flow meter 93, and an arithmetic unit 81 is connected to the pump 94. Although not shown, the arithmetic unit 81 is also connected to the fuel supply system of the burner 31.

  In the carbonization apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the organic dry sludge charged into the retort 12 from the inlet 41 is reduced in oxygen or oxygen-free under indirect heating by combustion of the burner 31 while rotating the retort 12. Carbonization is performed in an atmosphere, and the carbide is discharged from the discharge port 42 and stored in a carbide storage hopper (not shown) via the discharge port 45 of the outlet hood 44 and a carbide conveyance conveyor (not shown). On the other hand, produced gas such as dry distillation gas and malodorous gas produced by carbonization is sucked through the route of the retort 12, the exhaust port member 43, the heating chamber 21 and the exhaust gas treatment chamber 22. After the combustion, the exhaust gas is exhausted through the route of the exhaust port 51, the duct 52, the damper 53 and the exhaust fan 54.

  In the carbonization of the organic dry sludge, when the temperature in the retort 12 detected by the thermocouple 71 and the thermometer 72 is within the range of the preset value set in the arithmetic unit 81, the combustion of the burner 31 is performed. The water vapor is not blown out into the retort 12. However, when the temperature in the retort 12 detected by the thermocouple 71 and the thermometer 72 falls outside the set value range preset in the computing device 81, the temperature is calculated according to the degree of the lowering. When the combustion amount of the burner 31 is increased by a signal generated from the device 81 and the detected temperature in the retort 12 is increased outside the range of the set value, the calculation device 81 determines whether or not the temperature is higher than the set value range. The combustion amount of the burner 31 is reduced by the signal generated, and the cooling steam is supplied into the retort 12 through the pump 94, the flow meter 93, the heater 92, the outer pipe 63 and the steam outlet hole 91 by controlling the rotation speed of the pump 94. It blows out while controlling the supply amount.

  FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view illustrating another carbonization apparatus according to the present invention, and FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. The carbonization apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 includes a furnace body 13 and a retort 14 that is rotatably mounted on both side walls of the furnace body 13, as in the carbonization apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. Yes. A heating chamber 23 is formed between the furnace body 13 and the retort 14, and an exhaust gas treatment chamber 24 is formed in communication with the lower chamber of the heating chamber 23. The heating chamber 23 includes a plurality of burners. 33 and a burner 34 is also attached to the exhaust gas treatment chamber 24. An inlet 46 is opened at one end of the retort 14, and a discharge port 47 is opened at the other end. A plurality of pipe-shaped exhaust outlet members are provided in the middle of the heating chamber 23 of the retort 14. 48 is attached. An organic dry sludge supply means (not shown) is connected to the loading port 46, and the inside of the retort 14 and the heating chamber 23 are communicated with each other by an exhaust port member 48. 49 is equipped. An exhaust port 55 is formed in the furnace body 13 forming the exhaust gas treatment chamber 24, a duct 56 is connected to the exhaust port 55, and a damper 57 and an exhaust fan 58 are interposed in the duct 56.

  From one side of the retort 14 on the discharge port 47 side, a double pipe 64 is inserted into the axial portion inside the retort 14 through the outlet hood 49. A thermocouple 73 is passed through the inner pipe 65 sealed at both ends in the double pipe 64, and the tip of the thermocouple 73 is exposed from the inner pipe 65 into the retort 14. It is taken out from the inner pipe 65 and connected to the arithmetic unit 82 via the thermometer 74. In addition, a pressure sampling hole 75 is formed at the distal end side of the inner tube 65 sealed at both ends in the retort 14, and the proximal end side of the inner tube 65 is connected to the arithmetic unit 82 via the pressure gauge 76. The inner pipe 65 is also a sampling pipe for the pressure in the retort 14. Further, a plurality of water vapor blowing holes 95 are formed on the distal end side of the outer tube 66 whose both ends are sealed in the double tube 64 in the retort 14. The pump 98 is connected to a pump 98 via a flow meter 97, and an arithmetic unit 82 is connected to the pump 98. The arithmetic unit 82 is also connected to the damper 57 and the exhaust fan 58, and although not shown, it is also connected to the fuel supply system of the burner 33.

  3 and 4, as in the carbonization apparatus illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the organic dry sludge charged into the retort 14 from the inlet 46 is rotated while the retort 14 is rotated. Carbonized in a low-oxygen or oxygen-free atmosphere under indirect heating by combustion, the carbide is discharged from the discharge port 47, and is supplied to a carbide storage hopper (not shown) via the discharge port 50 of the outlet hood 49 and a carbide conveyance conveyor (not shown). Store. On the other hand, the produced gas such as carbonized gas and malodorous gas produced by carbonization is sucked through the path of the retort 14, the exhaust port member 48, the heating chamber 23 and the exhaust gas treatment chamber 24. After combustion, the exhaust is exhausted through the route of the exhaust port 55, the duct 56, the damper 57 and the exhaust fan 58.

  In the carbonization of the organic dry sludge, when the temperature in the retort 14 detected by the thermocouple 73 and the thermometer 74 is within the set value range set in advance in the arithmetic unit 82, the burner 33 burns. The water vapor is not blown out into the retort 14. However, when the temperature in the retort 14 detected by the thermocouple 73 and the thermometer 74 falls outside the set value range preset in the calculation device 82, the calculation is performed according to the degree of the decrease. When the combustion amount of the burner 33 is increased by a signal generated from the device 82 and the detected temperature in the retort 14 is increased outside the range of the set value, the calculation device 82 determines whether or not the temperature is higher than the set value range. The combustion amount of the burner 33 is lowered by the signal generated, and the rotation speed of the pump 98 is controlled by supplying the steam for cooling into the retort 14 through the pump 98, the flow meter 97, the heater 96, the outer pipe 66 and the steam blowout hole 95. To blow out while controlling the supply amount.

  3 and 4, the pressure in the retort 14 detected by the pressure sampling hole 75, the inner pipe 65, and the pressure gauge 76 is within the set value range set in advance in the arithmetic unit 82. In this case, the exhaust by the exhaust fan 58 through the damper 57 is continued as it is. However, when the pressure in the retort 14 detected by the pressure sampling hole 75, the inner pipe 65, and the pressure gauge 76 falls outside the set value range set in advance in the arithmetic unit 82, the pressure is lowered. Depending on the degree, the opening degree of the damper 57 is reduced by a signal generated from the arithmetic unit 82, and at the same time or in place of this, the rotational speed of the exhaust fan 58 is lowered, and the detected pressure in the retort 14 is set to the set value. If it becomes higher than the range, the opening degree of the damper 57 is increased by a signal issued from the arithmetic unit 82 according to the degree of the increase, and at the same time or instead of this, the rotational speed of the exhaust fan 58 is increased. Raise.

The longitudinal cross-sectional view which illustrates the carbonization apparatus which concerns on this invention. The elements on larger scale of FIG. The longitudinal cross-sectional view which illustrates the other carbonization apparatus which concerns on this invention. The elements on larger scale of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

11, 13 Furnace bodies 12, 14 Retorts 21, 23 Heating chambers 22, 24 Exhaust gas treatment chambers 31-34 Burners 52, 56 Ducts 53, 57 Dampers 54, 58 Exhaust fans 61, 64 Double pipes 62, 65 Inner pipes 63, 66 Outer pipe 71, 73 Thermocouple 75 Pressure sampling hole 81, 82 Arithmetic unit 91, 92 Steam outlet hole 94, 98 Pump

Claims (3)

  In a carbonization apparatus in which organic dry sludge charged into a retort is carbonized in a low oxygen or oxygen-free atmosphere under indirect heating by combustion of a burner provided outside the retort while rotating the retort. The temperature detecting means and the cooling water vapor supplying means are inserted from one side of the retort into the axial line portion of the retort, and the burner is adjusted so that the temperature in the retort detected by the temperature detecting means falls within the set value range. A carbonization apparatus characterized by controlling a combustion amount and / or a supply amount of cooling water vapor into the retort by the cooling water vapor supply means.   Further, pressure detection means is inserted into the axial line portion in the retort from one side of the retort, and the generated gas in the retort is adjusted so that the pressure in the retort detected by the pressure detection means falls within a set value range. The carbonization apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the number of rotations of the exhaust fan to be sucked and exhausted and / or the opening degree of the damper provided in the duct connected to the exhaust fan is controlled.   The carbonization according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a multiple pipe is inserted into an axial line portion in the retort from one side of the retort, and a temperature detection means, a cooling water vapor supply means, and a pressure detection means are inserted through the multiple pipe. apparatus.

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