JP2004043180A - Agitation type conveying screw and carbonizing device using it - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a screw as an agitation type conveying means which has both of advantages for screw types and rotary kiln types, that is, wherein the sections exposed to high temperature are not rotated but fixed and the gas generated in a case can pass through the case freely and can exert higher agitation performance. <P>SOLUTION: This screw is provided with a ribbon screw member spirally extending in the axial direction so that a hollow section is formed at its center section and a bar-like holding member to hold the form of the ribbon screw member. An agitation type conveying screw comprises the holding member jointed to the outer peripheral edge of the ribbon screw member. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a screw for efficiently stirring and conveying waste to be treated when carbonizing garbage and other waste discharged from a company, factory, hotel, inn, restaurant, general household, etc. Further, the present invention relates to a carbonization apparatus using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to continuously carbonize waste such as papermaking sludge, a rotary kiln-type carbonization apparatus or a screw-type carbonization apparatus is usually used.
[0003]
The rotary kiln system is a system in which the waste inside the kiln is carbonized by heating the kiln (case) itself into which the waste to be carbonized is introduced by rotating the kiln (hot case) while heating the kiln.
[0004]
On the other hand, with screw type, waste to be carbonized is introduced into the case in which the screw is built, and the screw is rotated while the case is heated from the outside (the carbonization chamber itself does not rotate). This is a method of carbonizing while stirring and transporting.
[0005]
In recent years, in both rotary kiln type and screw type, an opening is provided in a kiln or a carbonization chamber, and generated steam or carbonization gas is discharged to a chamber outside the kiln or the carbonization chamber, and a part or a part of this chamber is formed. A method of efficiently heating by burning and burning the carbonized gas is also used.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the rotary kiln type and the screw type have the following disadvantages, respectively.
[0007]
[Rotary kiln type]
As described above, the rotary kiln type wraps a portion except for the fulcrum of rotation with a chamber, and heats the inside of the kiln by passing hot air outside the shell of the kiln, that is, inside the chamber. I have.
[0008]
As described above, in the case of the rotary kiln type, the portion directly exposed to the hot air may rotate, which causes a problem of heat resistance of the shell at a high temperature (for example, 600 to 700 ° C. or higher). Therefore, although the rotary kiln itself has a large diameter of more than 6 m, which has been put into practical use, if heat treatment is required at a high temperature as described above, the shell must use heat-resistant steel. It is difficult to make a large one exceeding 1 m at the limit of its production. Of course, it is possible to manufacture a large shell exceeding 1.5 m, but the wall thickness exceeds 30 mm, which is not economical. Considering the thermal efficiency, too large one is not preferable.
[0009]
In such a situation, when a large throughput is required, a multi-cylinder type in which three to six relatively thin shells are housed in one carbonization chamber and rotated collectively has been put to practical use. I have. In order to improve the efficiency even a little, a method has been devised in which the inside of the kiln is divided into several pieces so that more processed materials can be added and the heat transfer area can be effectively used.
[0010]
However, even with such improvements, there are still the following problems. That is,
{Circle around (1)} Since the high-temperature portion must be rotated, the degree of freedom in the material and structure of the shell and the like is small.
(2) In order to increase the processing amount due to problems in thermal efficiency and shell manufacturing, it is necessary to devise a multi-cylinder system, etc. In addition, outside air in the rotating part and a gas seal between the chamber and the chamber are required. , The structure becomes complicated.
{Circle around (3)} When a multi-cylinder type is used, a device for uniformly distributing the processed material while rotating on several shells is also required, and the structure becomes complicated and the cost increases.
[0011]
[Screw type]
On the other hand, the screw type, as described above, rotates the screw built in the case for introducing waste, sends the processed material in a predetermined direction while stirring, and heats the outside with hot air to dry, It is intended for carbonization and is suitable for relatively small-scale facilities. At present, it is practically used for carbonization of coffee squeeze waste and sewage sludge.
[0012]
However, in the screw type, a screw is provided in a case in principle, and the screw is composed of a screw shaft and a screw blade provided around the shaft, so that the screw is large (for example, having a diameter of 1 m). Therefore, it is extremely difficult to manufacture a screw shaft and screw blades that are long in the axial direction at the weight and the ambient temperature (600 to 700 ° C. or more). Is suitable to be about 600 to 700 mm and about 4 to 5 m in length. To overcome this, further measures are required.
[0013]
Furthermore, in the case of the conventional screw type, the screw shaft is installed in the center of the case, so that water vapor and gas generated when processing waste etc. can not freely pass through the case. There is.
[0014]
As mentioned above, the disadvantage of screw type is
{Circle around (1)} A screw having a large diameter due to its structure (for example, exceeding 800 mm) has a large longitudinal limit and is not realistic.
{Circle around (2)} In addition, since the generated gas cannot pass freely inside, the gas must be exhausted from the opening into the chamber. Therefore, the heating gas in the chamber and the generated gas in the pipe cannot be separated and taken out.
{Circle around (3)} Further, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient agitation force as seen in a rotary kiln due to its structure.
[0015]
The present invention has been made in such a situation, the stirring and conveying means having the good point of the screw type and the good point of the rotary kiln type, that is, the part exposed to high temperature is fixed without rotating, The main problem is to provide a screw as a stirring and conveying means that allows gas generated inside the case to freely pass through the inside of the case and has high stirring power. The task is to provide.
[0016]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention according to claim 1 is arranged in a cylindrical case, and is used for transporting waste introduced into the case while stirring the waste in the axial direction of the case. A stirring and conveying screw, a ribbon screw member spirally extending in the axial direction so that a cavity is formed in the center, and a rod-shaped member extending in the axial direction and holding the shape of the ribbon screw member. And a holding member, wherein the holding member is joined to an outer peripheral edge of the ribbon screw member.
[0017]
According to the present invention, the stirring and conveying screw which is disposed in the cylindrical case and is used for conveying the waste introduced into the case in the axial direction while stirring in the circumferential direction of the case, A ribbon screw member extending spirally in the axial direction, and a rod-shaped holding member extending in the axial direction and holding the shape of the ribbon screw member. Unlike a screw, there is no screw shaft, and as a result, gas generated inside the case can freely pass through the cavity at the center.
[0018]
In addition, the absence of the screw shaft makes it possible to reduce the overall weight as compared with the conventional screw.
[0019]
In this case, the screw may be deformed (especially twisted) by being exposed to high heat. However, according to the present invention, a rod-shaped holding member for holding the shape of the ribbon screw member is provided. Therefore, no deformation of the screw occurs, which makes it possible to manufacture a screw that is long in the axial direction.
[0020]
Furthermore, in the screw of the present invention, since the holding member is joined to the outer peripheral edge of the ribbon screw member, when the screw rotates, the holding member is introduced into the case when the holding member reaches the lower part of the case. The waste is scooped up by the holding member, and when the rotation further proceeds, the waste falls from the holding member. By repeating this, the waste is efficiently stirred.
[0021]
As described above, according to the present invention, the disadvantages of the conventional rotary kiln type (the high-temperature portion must be rotated) and the disadvantages of the screw type (the axially long one cannot be manufactured. All of which cannot pass through or have weak stirring power).
[0022]
In the first aspect of the present invention, as described in the second aspect, a plurality of the holding members may be arranged apart from each other in a circumferential direction of the ribbon screw member.
[0023]
According to the present invention, since a plurality of the holding members are arranged apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the ribbon screw member, the deformation of the ribbon screw member can be reliably prevented, and the above-described waste material can be prevented. Can also be improved.
[0024]
Furthermore, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a preheating unit for preheating the waste to be treated, and drying the waste heated in the preheating unit. A drying unit for performing, a carbonizing unit for carbonizing the waste dried in the drying unit, and a smoke removing device for burning and detoxifying generated gas generated in the drying unit and the carbonizing unit. The generated gas of the drying unit and the carbonization unit is directly introduced into the smoke elimination device, and the exhaust gas detoxified by the smoke elimination device is discarded to at least one of the carbonization unit and the drying unit. Introduced to heat the waste and used to heat waste in the carbonization unit and / or the drying unit The discharged exhaust gas is introduced to heat the preheating unit, and the stirring and conveying screw according to claim 1 or 2 is installed in at least the carbonization unit among the units. A carbonization apparatus characterized by the following.
[0025]
According to the present invention, since the stirring and conveying screw having the above-described effects and advantages is provided in the carbonization unit, the waste can be carbonized efficiently.
[0026]
According to the third aspect of the invention, as described in the fourth aspect, the preheating unit is provided around a preheating chamber for preheating the waste to be treated and a preheating chamber. A preheating heating chamber used to heat the preheating chamber, wherein there is no gas flow between the preheating chamber and the preheating heating chamber, and the drying unit dries the waste heated in the preheating unit. A drying chamber for drying, having a drying heating chamber provided around the drying chamber and used to heat the drying chamber, there is no gas flow between the drying chamber and the drying heating chamber, the said The carbonization unit has a carbonization chamber for carbonizing the waste dried in the drying unit, and a carbonization heating chamber provided around the carbonization chamber and used for heating the carbonization chamber, and a drying chamber. Gas between the drying and heating chamber There is no ingress and egress, and the generated gas generated in the drying chamber and the carbonization chamber is directly introduced into the smoke elimination apparatus, and the exhaust gas detoxified by the smoke elimination apparatus passes through at least one of the drying heating chamber and the carbonization heating chamber. Thus, a carbonization treatment device to be introduced into the preheating heating chamber can be obtained.
[0027]
According to this invention, in each unit, the stirring and conveying screw of the present invention is used, and the gas is not allowed to enter and exit between the heat transfer tube used as the carbonization chamber and the surrounding heating chamber. By using the heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas detoxified by the smoke device for heating the waste in the drying heating chamber and / or the carbonization heating chamber, and further using it for heating the waste in the preheating heating chamber, the heat can be effectively reduced. Can be used. Exhaust gas discharged from the preheating heating chamber does not include gas generated from the preheating chamber, drying chamber, and carbonization chamber, and is safe. Therefore, there is no need to detoxify it again with a smoke elimination device. It is possible to do.
[0028]
In the invention according to claim 3 or 4, as described in claim 5, a temperature sensor is provided on the downstream side of the waste of the preheating unit, and a temperature controller is provided in the drying unit. The temperature control unit may be a carbonization device that adjusts the temperature of the drying unit according to the temperature of the preheating unit detected by the temperature sensing unit.
[0029]
According to the present invention, in addition to being able to efficiently carbonize waste as described above, the moisture content is reduced by waste due to the temperature sensor provided in the preheating unit and the temperature controller provided in the drying unit. Even if different, the temperature of the drying unit for drying the moisture contained in the waste can be controlled according to the fluctuation of the temperature of the preheating unit accompanying the fluctuation of the water content of the waste to be treated. As a result, the moisture of the waste can be uniformly evaporated in the drying unit, and the property of the waste (carbonized) after carbonization can be prevented from changing.
[0030]
Further, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention provides a carbonization chamber for carbonizing waste to be treated and a heating chamber provided around the carbonization chamber, as described in claim 6. A carbonization unit having a carbonization heating chamber used for the above, wherein gas does not enter and exit between the carbonization chamber and the carbonization heating chamber, and gas generated in the carbonization chamber is introduced through an exhaust pipe for the carbonization chamber. And a smoke eliminator for detoxifying the gas by burning it. The inside of the exhaust pipe for the coking chamber is maintained at a higher temperature than the connected coking chamber, and the inside of the coking chamber is the claim 1 or the claim. A carbonization apparatus in which the stirring and conveying screw according to item 2 is installed may be used.
[0031]
According to the present invention, the inside of the exhaust pipe is kept at a higher temperature than that of the carbonization chamber that connects the inside of the exhaust pipe for the carbonization chamber that connects the carbonization chamber and the smoke suppression device, due to adhesion of dust and the like originating from tar. Blockage can be prevented, and generated gas such as dry distillation gas and water vapor generated from the carbonization chamber can be efficiently exhausted. As a result, carbonization of waste can be efficiently performed.
[0032]
In the invention of claim 6, as described in claim 7, a drying chamber for drying waste to be treated is provided upstream of the carbonization unit, and a drying chamber is provided around the drying chamber. Having a drying heating chamber used to heat the drying room, a drying unit is provided between the drying chamber and the drying heating chamber without gas in and out, the generated gas generated in the drying chamber, through a drying chamber exhaust pipe The inside of the exhaust pipe for the drying chamber, which is introduced into the smoke elimination apparatus, may be a carbonization processing apparatus that maintains the inside of the drying chamber at a higher temperature than the connected drying chamber.
[0033]
According to this invention, by providing the drying unit upstream of the carbonization unit, the waste can be dried first, and the carbonization of the waste can be performed stably. Furthermore, by making the configuration of the exhaust pipe for the drying chamber the same as the above-described exhaust pipe for the carbonization chamber, it is possible to prevent the exhaust pipe from being blocked by adhesion of dust or the like originating from tar, and The generated gas such as water vapor generated from the gas can be efficiently exhausted. As a result, continuous carbonization of waste can be efficiently performed.
[0034]
In the invention according to claim 7, as described in claim 8, at least one of the exhaust pipe for the carbonization chamber and the exhaust pipe for the drying chamber has a double wall surface and a double wall surface. It can be a carbonization treatment device in which a high-temperature gas flows between the two walls.
[0035]
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the inside of an exhaust pipe can be hold | maintained at high temperature with simple equipment, and the blockage in an exhaust pipe can be prevented.
[0036]
In the invention according to claim 7 or claim 8, as described in claim 9, at least one of the exhaust pipe for the carbonization chamber and the exhaust pipe for the drying chamber introduces outside air for introducing outside air. It can be a carbonization treatment device provided with a mouth.
[0037]
According to the present invention, in addition to the above-described action of preventing the exhaust pipe from being blocked by maintaining the temperature at a high temperature, even if the exhaust pipe is blocked, external air is introduced from the outside air inlet to further increase the temperature inside the exhaust pipe. Then, the inside of the exhaust pipe can be easily cleaned by appropriately burning tar and the like adhered to the inner wall surface. In this manner, an exhaust pipe that can smoothly exhaust air can be obtained.
[0038]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the screw for stirring and transport of the present invention and the carbonization apparatus using the screw will be specifically described.
[0039]
(1) Screw for stirring and transport
FIG. 1 is a front view of the screw for stirring and transporting of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the screw for stirring and transporting of the present invention shown in FIG.
[0040]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the stirring and conveying screw 1 of the present invention includes a ribbon screw member 2 extending in the axial direction (the direction of the arrow in the drawing) so that a cavity E is formed in the center, and a shaft. And a rod-shaped holding member 3 for holding the shape of the ribbon screw member 2. The rod-shaped holding member 3 is joined to the outer peripheral edge 4 of the ribbon screw member 2. Note that, as shown in FIG. 1, flanges 5 for supporting the ribbon screw member 2 may be provided at both ends.
[0041]
FIG. 3 is a perspective view when the stirring and conveying screw 1 of the present invention is arranged in a cylindrical case.
[0042]
As shown in FIG. 3, the stirring and conveying of the present invention is placed in a cylindrical case 10 having an inner diameter substantially the same as the outer diameter of the ribbon screw member of the screw for conveying and stirring 1 of the present invention (see reference symbol R in FIG. 2). By disposing the screw 1 for use, the cylindrical case 10 is partitioned by the ribbon screw member 2 (see reference numeral 11 in FIG. 3). When the waste X is introduced into the case 10 from the waste inlet 12 provided at one end of the case 10, the waste X is introduced into a section below the waste inlet 12. By rotating the stirring and conveying screw 1 of the present invention in a predetermined direction, the section into which the waste X is introduced gradually shifts in the spiral traveling direction, and accordingly, the waste X is conveyed. You. Here, in the stirring and conveying screw 1 of the present invention, since the holding member 3 is joined to the outer peripheral edge portion 4 of the ribbon screw member, the waste is repeatedly moved up by the holding member and dropped. And this will also result in agitation.
[0043]
The screw 1 for agitating and conveying according to the present invention is characterized in that a ribbon screw member 2 and a holding member 3 having the above-described functions and effects are provided as shown in FIGS. Not something.
[0044]
Therefore, for example, the material for forming the ribbon screw member 2 and the holding member 3 is not particularly limited, and any conventionally known material may be used. Specifically, when the stirring and conveying screw 1 of the present invention is used in a waste carbonization apparatus as described below, it is necessary to use a material having some heat resistance and corrosion resistance, For example, it is preferable to use SUS310S or high Ni special steel.
[0045]
The dimensions of the pitch of the ribbon screw member 2 (reference P in FIG. 1), the width of the ribbon screw member 2 (reference W in FIG. 2), and the width of the holding member 3 (reference Y in FIG. 2) are particularly important. There is no limitation, and it can be set arbitrarily according to the transport speed of the waste, the degree of stirring, and the like. In other words, by reducing the pitch P of the ribbon screw member 2 and increasing the width W of the ribbon screw member 2, the conveyance speed of the waste can be reduced, and the width Y of the holding member can be increased. Since more waste can be scraped up, the stirring power can be improved.
[0046]
(2) Carbonization equipment
(1st Embodiment)
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a carbonization apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0047]
As shown in FIG. 4, the carbonization apparatus 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a preheating unit 110 for preheating the waste to be treated and a waste heated in the preheating unit 110. A drying unit 120 for drying, a carbonization unit 130 for carbonizing waste dried in the drying unit 120, and a combustion unit for combusting generated gas generated in the drying unit 120 and the carbonization unit 130 to make them harmless. And the agitating and conveying screw 1 according to claim 1 or 2 is provided at least in the carbonization unit 130. .
[0048]
The waste X to be treated in the carbonization apparatus 100 of the present invention is first introduced from a waste introduction port 111 of the preheating unit 110 into a preheating chamber 112 in the preheating unit. The outer circumference of the preheating chamber 112 is covered with a heating chamber 113, and the waste X introduced into the preheating chamber 112 by sending hot air (350 to 400 ° C.) into the heating chamber 113 is discharged into the preheating chamber 112. Is preheated while being transported.
[0049]
The preheating unit 110 in the carbonization processing apparatus 100 of the present invention is a unit for performing pretreatment so that waste is easily dried, and also for effectively utilizing thermal energy used in a drying unit 120 described later. It is also a unit.
[0050]
In the carbonization apparatus 100 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, the screw 1 for stirring and transporting of the present invention may be installed in a preheating chamber 112 in a preheating unit 110. By installing the stirring and conveying screw 1 of the present invention, it is possible to convey the waste X while stirring it, and the gas or the like generated from the waste X when the waste X is preheated is a ribbon screw. It can pass freely through the center E of the member. Therefore, the generated gas can be exhausted from one place, and the exhaust gas can be purified by using a dust collector 150 or the like as shown in FIG.
[0051]
The waste X preheated by the preheating unit 110 is introduced into a drying chamber 121 in a drying unit 120 connected to the preheating unit 110. An on-off valve T may be provided at the connection portion. The outer periphery of the drying chamber 121 is covered with a heating chamber 122, and the waste X introduced into the drying chamber 121 by sending hot air (800 to 900 ° C.) into the heating chamber 122 is removed. While being transported.
[0052]
The drying unit 120 in the carbonization apparatus 100 of the present invention is a unit for drying the waste X in advance so as to be easily carbonized. By drying the waste X before the carbonization treatment, the carbonization treatment can be performed in a short time.
[0053]
In the carbonization apparatus 100 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 4, the screw 1 for stirring and transporting of the present invention may be installed in the drying chamber 121 in the drying unit 120. By doing so, the same effect as when the stirring and conveying screw 1 of the present invention is installed in the preheating chamber can be obtained. That is, the gas generated from the waste X in the drying chamber 121 can freely pass through the central portion E of the ribbon screw member, and can be exhausted from one place. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the gas can be rendered harmless by introducing the exhausted gas into a smoke elimination device 140 to be described later through an exhaust pipe 123.
[0054]
Further, as shown in FIG. 4, since the temperature of the hot air after being used in the drying unit 120 is (350 to 400 ° C.), the hot air can be introduced into the heating chamber 113 of the preheating unit to be reused. it can.
[0055]
The waste X dried in the drying unit 120 is introduced into a carbonization chamber 131 in a carbonization unit 130 connected to the drying unit 120. The outer circumference of the carbonization chamber 131 is covered with a heating chamber 132, and by sending hot air into the heating chamber 132, the waste X introduced into the carbonization chamber 131 is carbonized while being transported in the carbonization chamber 131. Is done.
[0056]
As shown in FIG. 4, the carbonization treatment apparatus 100 of the present invention is characterized in that the stirring and conveying screw 1 of the present invention is installed in a carbonization chamber in a carbonization unit 130.
[0057]
By installing the stirring and conveying screw 1 of the present invention in the carbonization chamber 131 in this way, the gas generated when carbonizing the waste X can be exhausted from one place, as described above. As shown in the figure, the exhaust gas is introduced into an exhaust pipe 133 through an exhaust pipe 133 to make the gas harmless. In the case of using a conventional screw, it was necessary to provide a deaeration hole in the carbonization chamber in order to degas generated gas from the inside of the carbonization chamber 131. No porosity is required.
[0058]
The hot air to be introduced into the heating chamber 132 provided on the outer periphery of the carbonizing chamber 131 may be manufactured using a conventionally known hot air generating furnace 160. Here, the term hot air is used for the high-temperature gas sent into each heating chamber, and the temperatures of the hot air and the high-temperature gas are appropriately determined as necessary.
[0059]
Waste X (charcoal) carbonized in the carbonization unit 130 is taken out from a carbide discharge port 135 provided in the carbonization unit 130.
[0060]
The smoke elimination device 140 in the carbonization treatment apparatus 100 of the present invention is a unit for detoxifying gas generated in the drying chamber 121 of the drying unit 120 and the carbonization chamber 131 of the carbonization unit 130 described above. In the present invention, a conventionally known unit can be used. The smoke elimination device 140 may be constituted by a smoke elimination chamber 141 having a burner B inside, as shown in FIG. 4, for example. With such a configuration, the burner B is used to completely burn and detoxify the fuel in the smoke removing chamber 141, and the hot air used in the carbonization unit is introduced (the pipe 134 in FIG. 4). ), And can be used for gas heating. Furthermore, by introducing these into the above-described heating chamber 122 of the drying unit 120, they can be used as a heat source (see the pipe 124 in FIG. 4).
[0061]
It should be noted that the units shown in FIG. 4 are not limited to these units, and all conventionally known units can be applied as long as they have the same operation and effect. For example, the configuration of the carbonization apparatus other than the smoke elimination device 140 may be a configuration including only the carbonization unit 130, a configuration including only the drying unit 120 and the carbonization unit 130, and the like. This point is the same in the following second to fourth embodiments.
[0062]
(2nd Embodiment)
A carbonization apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0063]
In the second embodiment, the preheating unit 110 does not have a deaeration port between the preheating chamber 112 and the preheating heating chamber 113, and the two chambers are configured so that gas does not enter and exit from each other. The drying unit 120 does not have a deaeration port between the drying chamber 121 and the drying and heating chamber 122, and the two chambers are configured so that gas does not enter and exit from each other. The carbonization unit 130 does not have a deaeration port between the carbonization chamber 131 and the carbonization heating chamber 132, and is configured so that both chambers do not allow gas to enter and exit from each other. The other configuration of the carbonization apparatus 100 is the same as the configuration described in the first embodiment. In the invention according to each embodiment described below, the waste introduction port 111 side of the carbonization apparatus 100 into which the waste X is charged is referred to as upstream, and the carbide discharge port 135 from which the carbide is discharged is referred to as downstream. .
[0064]
The present embodiment is characterized by the flow of gas such as water vapor generated in the drying chamber 121 and dry distillation gas generated in the carbonization chamber 131. With this feature, the heat for carbonization can be used efficiently, and waste of heat energy is eliminated.
[0065]
The gas generated in the drying chamber 121 and the carbonization chamber 131 is directly introduced into the smoke elimination device 140. Further, the gas generated in the carbonization heating chamber 132 is directly introduced into the smoke elimination device 140. Therefore, the smoke elimination device 140 is connected to each of the drying chamber 121, the carbonization chamber 131, and the carbonization heating chamber 132 via the exhaust pipe 123, the exhaust pipe 133, and the exhaust pipe 134.
[0066]
The exhaust pipe 133 from the carbonization chamber 131 to the smoke elimination device 140 and the exhaust pipe 123 from the drying chamber 121 to the smoke elimination device 140 are provided separately. Since the dry distillation gas generated from the carbonization chamber 131 contains a large amount of volatile matter, if this gas and a gas containing water vapor generated from the drying chamber 121 are exhausted by the same exhaust pipe, the gas starts burning in the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe begins to burn. High temperatures can be dangerous. By separately providing the exhaust pipes connected from the carbonization chamber 131 and the drying chamber 121, there is an advantage that such a problem does not occur.
[0067]
Further, in the carbonization unit 130, the generated gas freely passes through the inside of the heat transfer tube constituting the carbonization chamber 131, and has the same stirring power as that of the rotary kiln type carbonization apparatus. Since the screw 1 is used, gas can be directly introduced from each chamber into the smoke elimination device 140 without having a deaeration port between the carbonization chamber 131 and the carbonization heating chamber 132.
[0068]
The carbonizing unit 130 is provided with a hot air generating furnace 160. It is also possible to attach a burner directly to the carbonization heating chamber 132 to heat the carbonization chamber 131.
[0069]
In the smoke elimination device 140, the introduced gas is completely burned by using a fuel such as kerosene or gas and heating it to 800 ° C. or more by a burner B or the like. As a result, the introduced gas is deodorized and deodorized, becomes smokeless and odorless, and is rendered harmless.
[0070]
In the smoke elimination device 140, the drying pipe exhaust pipe 123, the carbonization chamber exhaust pipe 133, and the carbonization heating chamber exhaust pipe 134 are preferably provided at positions near the burner B of the smoke elimination apparatus 140. By introducing the gas to be burned from a position close to the burner B, the gas can be brought into direct contact with the flame of the burner B and the gas can be completely burned.
[0071]
In the smoke elimination device 140, the exhaust pipe 124 is preferably provided at a position far from the burner B of the smoke elimination device 140. By discharging the detoxified gas from this position, the convection time for burning the gas can be made as long as possible.
[0072]
The exhaust gas detoxified by the smoke elimination device 140 is introduced into the drying and heating chamber 122. Therefore, the smoke elimination device 140 is connected to the drying and heating chamber 122 by an exhaust pipe 124 generally made of stainless steel or the like. In this manner, the gas consisting of the dry distillation gas and the like generated in the carbonization chamber 131 and the steam and the like generated in the drying chamber 121 is made harmless at a high temperature, and the high-temperature gas (about 800 to 900 ° C.) is converted into the drying and heating chamber 122. , And used for drying the waste X, it is possible to efficiently use heat without wasting energy.
[0073]
In the drying unit 120, a deaeration port is provided between the drying chamber 121 and the drying and heating chamber 122 by using the stirring and conveying screw 1 of the present invention inside the heat transfer tube constituting the drying chamber 121. There can be no configuration.
[0074]
The gas in the drying and heating chamber 122 is further introduced into the preheating and heating chamber 113. In this manner, the relatively high temperature gas (about 350 to 400 ° C.) used for drying and heating is used for preheating the waste X to be subjected to the carbonization treatment, thereby eliminating waste of energy and reducing heat. Can be used efficiently.
[0075]
After that, the gas in the preheating heating chamber 113 passes through the dust collector 150, an unillustrated draft fan, and the like, and is discharged from the chimney to the atmosphere. The temperature of the gas discharged into the atmosphere is reduced to about 200 to 250 ° C. by being used for preheating. This means that the efficiency of use of heat energy is remarkably improved as compared with the conventional method in which the heat is released into the air at a high temperature (for example, about 800 ° C.), and the addition to the surrounding environment is also reduced. It is a thing.
[0076]
The preheating unit 110 has a deaeration port between the preheating chamber 112 and the preheating heating chamber 113 by using the stirring and conveying screw 1 of the present invention inside the heat transfer tube constituting the preheating chamber 112. There can be no configuration.
[0077]
According to the present embodiment, in each unit, the stirring and conveying screw 1 of the present invention is used, and there is no deaeration port between the heat transfer tube used as the carbonization chamber and the surrounding heating chamber. Thereby, the heat of the high-temperature gas detoxified by the smoke elimination device 140 can be effectively used.
[0078]
In addition, the conventional screw-type carbonization apparatus has a deaeration port between the surrounding carbonization heating chamber and the drying heating chamber to discharge steam and carbonization gas generated by heating from the carbonization chamber and the drying chamber. Then, the gas mixed with steam and carbonization gas was introduced into the smoke elimination device via each heating chamber. Therefore, there is a problem that the gas burned by the smoke elimination device and made harmless is discharged outside at a high temperature, and the heat efficiency is poor and a load is imposed on the surrounding environment. The gas discharged from the carbonization chamber and the drying chamber to each heating chamber contains sulfur and chlorine. When these components adhere to the outside of the heat transfer tubes used as the carbonization chamber and the drying room, there is a problem that the heat transfer tubes are damaged and the heat transfer tubes need to be replaced soon. The carbonization apparatus 100 of the present embodiment also solves such a problem.
[0079]
As described above, the present embodiment introduces the high-temperature gas used in the carbonization heating chamber 132 into the smoke elimination device 140 and uses it to raise the temperature inside the smoke elimination device 140, The detoxified high-temperature gas is introduced into the drying and heating chamber 122 to be used for drying waste, and the high-temperature gas used in the drying and heating chamber 122 is introduced into the preheating and heating chamber 113. For preheating waste.
[0080]
As a modification of the present embodiment, the high-temperature gas detoxified by the smoke elimination device 140 is introduced into the carbonization heating chamber 132 to be used for carbonization of waste, and is further used after being used in the carbonization heating chamber 132. By introducing the high-temperature gas into the preheating heating chamber 113 and using it for preheating the waste, it is also possible to improve the energy use efficiency.
[0081]
(Third embodiment)
A carbonization apparatus according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0082]
As shown in FIG. 5, the carbonization treatment apparatus 101 of the third embodiment has a temperature sensor 115 as a temperature sensing unit in the preheating unit 110 and a temperature control device 125 as a temperature adjustment unit in the drying unit 120. The other configuration of the carbonization apparatus 101 is the same as the configuration described in the first embodiment. The flow of the gas generated in the carbonization chamber 131 and the drying chamber 121 is the same as that described in the second embodiment.
[0083]
The present embodiment is characterized in that the temperature of the drying unit 120 is adjusted using the temperature control device 125 according to the temperature of the preheating unit 110 detected by the temperature sensor 115.
[0084]
The temperature sensor 115 measures the temperature of the gas containing steam generated in the heat transfer tube used as the preheating chamber 112 at the outlet on the downstream side of the heat transfer tube. Temperature controller 125 measures the surface temperature of drying chamber 121. Then, the temperature control device 125 controls the surface temperature of the drying chamber 121 to maintain a preset value according to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor 115.
[0085]
A method for controlling the temperature of the drying chamber 121 will be specifically described. The case where the waste X has a constant water content and a constant treatment amount is defined as a reference amount. If the temperature of a predetermined position of the drying chamber 121 where the temperature controller 125 is provided is controlled at Y ° C. when the amount of the waste X is the reference amount, it is assumed that appropriate drying is performed. The temperature sensor 115 indicates Z ° C. for the reference amount of the waste X.
[0086]
It is assumed that a temperature lower than Z ° C. is measured by the temperature sensor 115 when the waste X whose moisture content is unknown is introduced into the carbonization apparatus 101 of the present embodiment. This indicates that the waste X has a higher water content than the reference amount, in other words, the water content has increased. In other words, if the moisture in the waste X is larger than the reference amount, the water does not easily rise in temperature when heated at the same temperature as the reference amount of the waste X, and the temperature of the waste X does not easily rise. . Therefore, the temperature in the preheating chamber 112 does not easily rise, so that the temperature in the preheating chamber 112 and the temperature of the heat transfer tube thereof become lower than Z ° C. If the temperature lower than Z ° C. is measured by the temperature sensor 115, the waste X may have a larger processing amount than the reference amount.
[0087]
As described above, when the amount of the waste X is large or the amount of the waste X is large, the temperature in the drying chamber 121 (the surface temperature of the heat transfer tube of the drying chamber 121), By increasing the set temperature, the drying state of the waste X in the appropriate drying unit 120 can be made similar to the case of the reference amount.
[0088]
Therefore, the relationship between the temperature drop from Z ° C. in the temperature sensor 115 and the appropriate drying temperature of the drying chamber 121 (the temperature rise compared to Y ° C.) with respect to this temperature drop is determined in advance by the carbonization processing apparatus 101. Calculate and organize by driving. Based on the arranged data, the set temperature of the temperature control device 125 is increased in accordance with the temperature decrease from Z ° C. measured by the temperature sensor 115.
[0089]
On the other hand, it is assumed that when waste X having an unknown water content is introduced into the carbonization apparatus 101 of the present embodiment, a temperature higher than Z ° C. is measured by the temperature sensor 115. From this, it can be seen that the waste X has less moisture than the reference amount or the amount of the waste processed is small.
[0090]
In this case, by lowering the set temperature of the temperature control device 125, the drying state of the waste X in the appropriate drying unit 120 can be made similar to the case of the reference amount.
[0091]
Therefore, the relationship between the temperature increase from Z ° C. in the temperature sensor 115 and the appropriate drying temperature of the drying chamber 121 (the temperature decrease compared to Y ° C.) with respect to this temperature increase is determined in advance by the carbonization apparatus 101. Calculate and organize by driving. Based on the arranged data, the set temperature of the temperature control device 125 is reduced in accordance with the temperature rise from Z ° C. measured by the temperature sensor 115.
[0092]
Here, the temperature control device 125 controls the combustion amount of the burner B provided in the smoke elimination device 140 in order to set the temperature of the drying chamber 121 to the set temperature. Exhaust gas from inside the smoke elimination device 140 is fed into the drying and heating room 122 that heats the drying room 121. Therefore, by controlling the combustion amount of the burner B, the temperature of the gas inside the smoke elimination device 140 is controlled. I do. Therefore, the temperature control device 125 and the burner B are connected by some means (not shown). The method of controlling the amount of combustion in the burner B includes switching between strong combustion and weak combustion, and continuously changing the amount of fuel for auxiliary combustion.
[0093]
Therefore, the temperature sensor 115 and the temperature control device 125 are interlocked, and the temperature control device 125 and the burner B are interlocked. The product X can be dried to some extent uniformly.
[0094]
In the present embodiment, the mode in which the temperature control device 125 controls the temperature of the drying chamber 121 by controlling the combustion amount of the burner B has been described, but the control method is not limited to this. If the temperature of the drying chamber 121 can be controlled, it can be controlled by another method.
[0095]
According to the present embodiment, the temperature of the drying chamber 121 for drying the moisture contained in the waste X is controlled in accordance with the fluctuation of the temperature of the preheating chamber 112 caused by the fluctuation of the water content of the waste X to be treated. be able to. As a result, it is possible to prevent the waste introduced into the carbonization chamber 131 from being insufficiently dried, thereby preventing the properties of the carbide discharged from the carbide discharge port 135 from fluctuating.
[0096]
(Fourth embodiment)
A carbonization apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
[0097]
The carbonization processing device 101 of the fourth embodiment has a carbonization unit 130 and a smoke elimination device 140 as essential components. The carbonization unit 130 does not have a deaeration port between the carbonization chamber 131 and the carbonization heating chamber 132, and is configured such that both chambers do not allow gas to enter and exit from each other. The smoke elimination device 140 and the carbonization chamber 131 are connected by an exhaust pipe 133. The exhaust pipe 133 directly introduces the gas generated in the carbonization chamber 131 to the smoke elimination device 140. The present embodiment is characterized in that the inside of the exhaust pipe 133 is maintained at a higher temperature than the carbonization chamber 131. The other configuration of the carbonization apparatus 101 can be the same as the configuration described in the first embodiment. The flow of the gas generated in the carbonization chamber 131 is the same as that described in the second embodiment.
[0098]
As means for maintaining the inside of the exhaust pipe 133 at a higher temperature than the carbonization chamber 131, a device for maintaining the temperature inside the exhaust pipe 133 higher than the carbonization chamber 131 outside the exhaust pipe 133 may be provided. As this device, for example, an electric heater or the like can be used.
[0099]
As another means, the wall of the exhaust pipe 133 may be double-walled, and a high-temperature gas may flow between the double-walled walls to keep the inside of the exhaust pipe 133 at a higher temperature than the carbonization chamber 131. Can be
[0100]
Further, the exhaust pipe 133 can be provided with an outside air introduction port 136 for introducing outside air. With this configuration, it is possible to clean the inner wall surface of the exhaust pipe 133 with the outside air. The outside air inlet 136 is preferably provided, for example, at a position near the carbonization chamber 131 of the exhaust pipe 133. By providing the outside air inlet 136 at such a position of the exhaust pipe 133, the entire exhaust pipe 133 can be cleaned. With such a configuration, even when the inside of the exhaust pipe 133 is closed, the temperature of the closed exhaust pipe 133 is increased, and air is sent into the inside of the exhaust pipe 133 to burn off the attached matter, thereby making it relatively easy to exhaust air. The inside of the tube 133 can be cleaned. Thus, by regularly cleaning the inner wall surface of the exhaust pipe 133, it is possible to always prevent the exhaust pipe 133 from being blocked.
[0101]
With such a configuration of the exhaust pipe 133, it is possible to prevent the dry distillation gas from re-solidifying on the wall surface inside the exhaust pipe 133, thereby preventing the exhaust pipe 133 from being blocked. That is, the adhesion of tar and the like on the inner wall surface of the exhaust pipe 133 and the accompanying obstruction phenomenon in the exhaust pipe 133 are caused by the tar generated in the carbonization chamber 131 being cooled and condensed and adhered on the inner wall surface of the exhaust pipe. It is considered that the cause is that the dust blown up from the carbonization chamber 131 is repeatedly attached and deposited. Actually, when the deposits on the inner wall surface of the exhaust pipe 133 are carefully observed, it is understood that the deposits are layered and that tar and the like are repeatedly deposited. In the present embodiment, by setting the temperature in the exhaust pipe 133 higher than the maximum surface temperature of the carbonization chamber (heat transfer pipe of the carbonization unit) 131, resolidification of tar or the like is prevented, and the exhaust pipe 133 is closed. It is preventing.
[0102]
Further, the carbonization treatment apparatus 101 of the present embodiment may be provided with a drying unit 120 and a preheating unit 110 as shown in FIG.
[0103]
The configuration of the drying unit 120 is not particularly limited, but is preferably the same as the configuration of the carbonizing unit 130 in the present embodiment. That is, the drying unit 120 does not have a deaeration port between the drying chamber 121 and the drying and heating chamber 122, and the two chambers are configured so that gas does not enter and exit from each other. Are connected by an exhaust pipe 123. The gas generated in the drying chamber 121 is directly introduced into the smoke elimination device 140 through the exhaust pipe 123. The inside of the exhaust pipe 123 is maintained at a higher temperature than the drying chamber 121, and the exhaust pipe 123 has the same configuration as the exhaust pipe 133 connected to the carbonization chamber 131. With such a configuration, even in the exhaust pipe 123 connected to the drying chamber 121, blockage due to tar, dust, or the like can be prevented. It is preferable that the exhaust pipe 123 be provided with an outside air inlet 126 at a position close to the drying chamber 121, similarly to the exhaust pipe 133.
[0104]
According to the present embodiment, the inside of the exhaust pipe 133 is prevented from being blocked by maintaining the inside of the exhaust pipe 133 connecting the carbonization chamber 131 and the smoke eliminating device 140 at a higher temperature than the carbonization chamber 131 to be connected. In addition, generated gas such as dry distillation gas and water vapor generated from the carbonization chamber 131 can be efficiently exhausted. As a result, continuous carbonization of the waste X can be efficiently performed.
[0105]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the stirring and conveying screw of the present invention, the disadvantages of the conventional rotary kiln type (the high temperature part must be rotated) and the disadvantages of the screw type (the axially long one cannot be manufactured) , The generated gas cannot pass freely, and the stirring power is weak).
[0106]
Further, according to the carbonization treatment device of the present invention, by the action and effect of the stirring and conveying screw of the present invention, when carbonizing waste, gas generated from waste which has conventionally been a problem can be easily treated. The waste can be efficiently stirred and conveyed, and the cost and time required for the carbonization can be greatly reduced.
[0107]
According to the carbonization treatment apparatus of the present invention, in each unit, using the screw for stirring and transport of the present invention, a configuration in which gas does not enter and exit between the heat transfer tube used as the carbonization chamber and the surrounding heating chamber. By using the heat of the high-temperature gas detoxified by the smoke elimination device, the waste heat is used in the drying heating chamber and / or the carbonization heating chamber, and the waste heat is used in the preheating heating chamber. Thereby, heat can be effectively used. In addition, the gas discharged from the preheating heating chamber does not include the gas generated from the preheating chamber, drying chamber, and carbonization chamber, and is safe. It is possible to do.
[0108]
Furthermore, according to the carbonization apparatus of the present invention, even if the moisture content differs depending on the waste, the moisture content of the treated waste can be increased by the temperature sensor provided in the preheating unit and the temperature controller provided in the drying unit. The temperature of the drying unit for drying the moisture contained in the waste can be controlled according to the fluctuation of the temperature of the preheating unit accompanying the fluctuation of the temperature. As a result, the moisture of the waste can be uniformly evaporated in the drying unit, and the property of the waste (carbonized) after carbonization can be prevented from changing.
[0109]
According to the carbonization treatment device of the present invention, the inside of the exhaust pipe connecting the carbonization chamber and the smoke suppression device is kept at a higher temperature than the connected carbonization chamber, so that the interior of the exhaust pipe is mainly made of tar. Blockage due to adhesion of dust and the like can be prevented, and generated gases such as dry distillation gas and water vapor generated from the carbonization chamber can be efficiently exhausted. As a result, carbonization of waste can be efficiently performed.
[0110]
According to the carbonization treatment device of the present invention, by providing the drying unit upstream of the carbonization unit, the waste can be dried first, and the carbonization of the waste can be stably performed. Furthermore, by making the configuration of the exhaust pipe for the drying chamber the same as the above-described exhaust pipe for the carbonization chamber, it is possible to prevent the inside of the exhaust pipe from being blocked by adhesion of dust and the like originating from tar, and The generated gas such as water vapor generated from the gas can be efficiently exhausted. As a result, continuous carbonization of waste can be efficiently performed.
[0111]
According to the carbonization apparatus of the present invention, by providing a double exhaust pipe and flowing a high-temperature gas between the walls thereof, the exhaust pipe can be kept at a high temperature with simple equipment, and the exhaust pipe can be blocked. Can be prevented.
[0112]
According to the carbonization apparatus of the present invention, in addition to the above-described action of preventing the exhaust pipe from being blocked by maintaining the temperature at a high temperature, even if the exhaust pipe is blocked, the outside air is introduced from the outside air inlet. The inside of the exhaust pipe can be easily cleaned by further heating the inside of the exhaust pipe and burning tar and the like adhering to the inner wall surface appropriately. In this manner, an exhaust pipe that can smoothly exhaust air can be obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view of a stirring and conveying screw according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of the screw for stirring and conveying of the present invention shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view when the screw for agitating and conveying according to the present invention is arranged in a cylindrical case.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an example of a carbonization apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing another example of the carbonization apparatus of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Screw for stirring and conveying
2. Ribbon screw member
3. Holding member
4: Outer edge of ribbon screw member
10… Case
100, 101 ... carbonization equipment
110 ... Preheating unit
112 ... Preheating chamber
113… Preheating heating room
115 ... Temperature sensor
120 ... Drying unit
121 ... Drying room
122 ... Dry heating room
123, 133 ... exhaust pipe
125 ... temperature control device
126, 136: Outside air inlet
130 ... carbonization unit
131 ... carbonization room
132 ... Carburizing heating chamber
140… Smoke eliminator
E: Cavity in the center of the screw for stirring and conveying
P: Ribbon screw member pitch
R: Outer diameter of ribbon screw member
W: Width of ribbon screw member
Y: width of holding member
X: Waste

Claims (9)

A stirring and transporting screw that is disposed in a cylindrical case and is used to transport the waste introduced into the case while stirring the waste in the axial direction of the case,
A ribbon screw member spirally extending in the axial direction so that a cavity is formed in the center,
A rod-shaped holding member extending in the axial direction and holding a shape of the ribbon screw member,
The screw for stirring and transporting, wherein the holding member is joined to an outer peripheral edge of the ribbon screw member. 2. The stirring and conveying screw according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the holding members are arranged apart from each other in a circumferential direction of the ribbon screw member. 3. A preheating unit for preheating the waste to be treated;
A drying unit for drying the waste heated in the preheating unit,
A carbonization unit for carbonizing the waste dried in the drying unit;
A smoke removing device for burning and detoxifying generated gas generated in the drying unit and the carbonizing unit,
The generated gas of the drying unit and the carbonizing unit is directly introduced into the smoke elimination device,
Exhaust gas detoxified in the smoke suppression device is introduced to heat waste to at least one of the carbonization unit or the drying unit,
Exhaust gas used to heat waste in at least one of the carbonization unit or the drying unit is introduced to heat the preheating unit,
3. A carbonization apparatus, wherein the stirring and conveying screw according to claim 1 or 2 is installed in at least the carbonization unit among the units. The preheating unit has a preheating chamber for preheating the waste to be treated, and a preheating heating chamber provided around the preheating chamber and used for heating the preheating chamber. There is no gas in and out between the preheating chamber and
The drying unit has a drying chamber for drying the waste heated in the preheating unit, and a drying heating chamber provided around the drying chamber and used for heating the drying chamber, and drying is performed. There is no gas flow between the room and the drying and heating room,
The carbonization unit has a carbonization chamber for carbonizing the waste dried in the drying unit, and a carbonization heating chamber provided around the carbonization chamber and used for heating the carbonization chamber, and drying is performed. There is no gas flow between the room and the drying and heating room,
The generated gas generated in the drying chamber and the carbonizing chamber is directly introduced into the smoke removing apparatus, and the exhaust gas detoxified by the smoke removing apparatus is preheated through at least one of the drying heating chamber and the carbonizing heating chamber. The carbonization apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the carbonization apparatus is introduced into a chamber. A temperature sensor is provided on the downstream side of the waste of the preheating unit,
The drying unit has a temperature control unit,
5. The carbonization apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the temperature controller controls a temperature of the drying unit according to a temperature of the preheating unit detected by the temperature detector. 6. It has a carbonization chamber for carbonizing the waste to be treated, and a carbonization heating chamber provided around the carbonization chamber and used to heat the carbonization chamber, and between the carbonization chamber and the carbonization heating chamber. A carbonized unit with no gas in and out,
A generated gas generated in the carbonization chamber is introduced through an exhaust pipe for the carbonization chamber, and a smoke removing device for burning and detoxifying the generated gas,
The inside of the exhaust pipe for the coking chamber is kept at a higher temperature than the connected coking chamber,
3. A carbonization treatment device, wherein the stirring and conveying screw according to claim 1 or 2 is installed in the carbonization chamber. Upstream of the carbonization unit, a drying chamber for drying the waste to be treated, and a drying heating chamber provided around the drying chamber and used to heat the drying chamber, a drying chamber Provide a drying unit with no gas in and out between the drying and heating chamber,
The generated gas generated in the drying chamber is introduced into the smoke elimination device through a drying chamber exhaust pipe,
The carbonization apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the inside of the drying chamber exhaust pipe is kept at a higher temperature than the connected drying chamber. At least one of the exhaust pipe for the carbonizing chamber and the exhaust pipe for the drying chamber is provided with a double wall surface, and a high-temperature gas flows between the two double walls. 8. The carbonization apparatus according to 7. 9. The carbonization apparatus according to claim 7, wherein at least one of the exhaust pipe for the carbonization chamber and the exhaust pipe for the drying chamber includes an outside air inlet for introducing outside air. 10.

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