JP2007098367A - Natural material for degradation, production method of natural material for degradation, and microorganism formulation employing thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a natural material for degradation which can carry out degradation and detoxification of natural raw materials and is prevented from oxidation after treatment and at the same time capable of preventing microorganism contamination and suitable for recovering under sterilization while keeping its functions and thus suitable for use as a carrier of a microorganism formulation, a production method of the natural material for degradation, and a microorganism formulation using the natural material by the production method. <P>SOLUTION: A natural raw material is subjected to hydrothermal reaction in a treatment container 2 for degradation and cooled to a prescribed temperature and successively the obtained product is recovered while being kept in an inert gas atmosphere at a positive pressure by injecting the inert gas to the treatment container 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a technology for reducing the molecular weight of natural materials such as soil, viscous minerals, animal and plant materials, and in particular, the low molecular weight that can be effectively recovered by preventing oxidation and microbial contamination of the reduced natural materials. The present invention relates to a molecular natural material, a method for producing a low molecular natural material, and a microorganism preparation using the same.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, techniques for processing recyclable waste such as food residues and making them harmless have been proposed. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-245628 discloses a technique for treating waste generated in the process of processing a food containing at least one of soy protein or starch, or a food containing both components (Patent Document). 1). In the present invention, waste generated during the processing of a food material containing at least one of soy protein or starch is decomposed by a hydrothermal reaction under subcritical water conditions or supercritical water conditions, and the hydrothermal reaction treated product is solidified. The solid content is recovered by liquid separation.

JP 2003-245628 A

  However, in the conventional waste treatment technology including the invention described in Patent Document 1, the main purpose is to make the waste harmless. For this reason, reusable uses are limited to fertilizers and feeds, and processing conditions for use for purposes other than these are not considered. In the first place, in order to reuse the waste, it is not necessary to simply detoxify it, and it is preferable to treat it to a property with higher added value. Moreover, if the cost required for reuse is taken into consideration, it is required for implementation that the processing should be performed in a property suitable for the purpose of use as much as possible.

  On the other hand, in recent years, biodegradation technology using a microbial preparation has attracted attention as a technology for decomposing toxic substances contained in wastewater and waste. This microorganism preparation contains a large amount of microorganism groups useful for a carrier such as powder or liquid, and has the advantage of being low cost and environmentally friendly. Thus, it is conceivable to reuse a natural material rendered harmless by waste treatment as a carrier for microorganisms. However, in the conventional treatment, there is a high possibility that various germs are mixed into the natural material, so that there is a problem that the degradation performance of the microbial preparation is lowered. In addition, natural materials after treatment are easily oxidized or oxidatively polymerized by exposure to air during cooling, so that there is a problem that nutrient sources for microorganisms are reduced and microorganisms cannot be cultured sufficiently. .

  The present invention has been made in order to solve such problems. In addition to being able to lower the molecular weight and detoxify natural raw materials, the present invention prevents oxidation of natural materials after treatment and prevents microbial contamination. Low molecular weight natural materials, low molecular weights that can be collected in a sterile condition while retaining the functionality of natural materials and can be obtained as natural materials suitable for use as carriers for microbial preparations It aims at providing the manufacturing method of a natural raw material, and the microbial formulation using these.

  A feature of the low molecular weight natural material according to the present invention is that the natural raw material is hydrothermally reacted in the processing container to reduce the molecular weight, and after cooling to a predetermined temperature, an inert gas is injected into the processing container. The point is that the material was recovered while being maintained in a positive pressure inert gas atmosphere.

  In the present invention, the hydrothermal reaction is preferably performed under high-pressure steam at a pressure in the processing vessel of 1.96 MPa or less and a temperature of 210 ° C. or less.

  In addition, the low molecular weight natural material manufacturing method according to the present invention is characterized in that a natural raw material is hydrothermally reacted at a predetermined temperature and pressure in a processing container and cooled to a predetermined temperature, and then is not contained in the processing container. The active gas is injected and recovered in a positive pressure inert gas atmosphere.

  In the present invention, the hydrothermal reaction preferably reduces the molecular weight of the natural raw material under high pressure steam at a pressure of 1.96 MPa or less and a temperature of 210 ° C. or less.

  The microbe preparation according to the present invention is characterized in that a low molecular weight natural material according to claim 1 or 2 is inoculated with a predetermined microorganism under aseptic conditions.

  Further, in the present invention, purified air may be used instead of the inert gas, that is, the natural raw material is hydrothermally reacted to reduce the molecular weight, and then cooled to a predetermined temperature and purified in a processing container. You may make it collect | recover, inject | pouring air and hold | maintaining under the positive pressure purified air.

  According to the present invention, natural raw materials can be reduced in molecular weight and detoxified, and after processing, the natural materials are prevented from being oxidized and microbial contamination is prevented. It is possible to obtain a natural material suitable for use as a carrier for microbial preparations.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of a low molecular weight natural material, a method for producing a low molecular weight natural material, and a microbial preparation using the same will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is an overall schematic diagram showing a low molecular weight natural material production system 1 according to the present invention. The low molecular weight natural material production system 1 of the present embodiment mainly agitates a processing container 2 for accommodating various natural raw materials and performing a low molecular weight treatment, and a natural raw material charged in the processing container 2. The stirring means 3, the steam injection means 4 for injecting steam into the natural raw material in the processing container 2, the pressure adjusting means 5 for adjusting the pressure in the processing container 2, and the processing container 2. An inert gas injection means 6 for injecting an inert gas, and a stirring means 3, the water vapor injection means 4, the pressure adjusting means 5, and a control means 7 for controlling the inert gas injection means 6. Has been.

  In addition, the natural raw material processed in this embodiment is intended for various natural raw materials that exist widely in the natural world, and is intended for animal and plant raw materials and organic waste in addition to soil and viscous minerals. For example, marine products, agricultural products, and plants (medicinal herbs and allelopathic substance-producing plants) can be used as animal and plant raw materials, and organic wastes include livestock waste such as dried and burned chicken manure, crab shells, Marine waste such as shrimp shells and scales, agricultural waste such as rice straw and rice husks, and felled tree chips can be used.

  If it demonstrates in detail about each structure part of this embodiment, the processing container 2 will be comprised by the 1st type pressure vessel provided with pressure resistance, and it will carry out the hydrothermal reaction of the natural raw material in the inside. . In the present embodiment, the hydrothermal reaction is a reaction using high-temperature and high-pressure steam, and has the effect of detoxifying and reducing the molecular weight of various natural raw materials. The magnitude of the pressure and temperature at which the hydrothermal reaction is carried out is set in a range in which this purpose can be achieved because the purpose is not only to render it harmless, but also to leave a low-molecular natural material having utility value. As will be described later, basically, it is preferable to set the pressure to 1.96 MPa or less and the temperature to 210 ° C. or less.

  In addition, an inlet 21 for a natural raw material is provided in the upper part of the processing vessel 2, and an outlet 22 is provided in the lower part. A sterilization chamber 25 is connected to the discharge port 22 so that a sterilized natural material can be ingested in desired sterilized condition or packaged. A sterilizing ultraviolet lamp or the like may be attached to the discharge port 22. In addition, the inlet 21 and the outlet 22 are provided with a sealed structure in which a packing that can withstand high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in the processing container 2 is used when processing natural raw materials. In consideration of safety, the input port 21 and the discharge port 22 are provided with a control system in which the opening / closing operation does not react unless the pressure in the processing container 2 is reduced to 0.015 MPa or less.

  An upper temperature sensor 23a is provided above the processing container 2, and a lower temperature sensor 23b is provided below. In the present embodiment, the upper temperature sensor 23 a and the lower temperature sensor 23 b are arranged on the inner surface of the processing container 2 that is inclined by about 30 ° from the vertical direction of the processing container 2. Further, a pressure sensor 24 for detecting pressure is provided above the processing container 2.

  Next, the stirring means 3 is for uniformly pressurizing and warming the charged natural raw material. The stirring means 3 supports a horizontal rotation shaft 31 in the longitudinal direction inside the processing container 2, and a stirring blade 32 inclined forward with respect to a vertical surface of the horizontal rotation shaft 31 is attached. . The horizontal rotation shaft 31 is connected to a drive motor 33 that can rotate forward and reverse. The stirring means 3 gradually transfers the charged natural raw material while stirring, and extends from the charging port 21 to the discharge port 22. On the other hand, the drive motor 33 is a motor whose rotation speed and rotation direction can be controlled by inverter control, and reciprocates in the processing vessel 2 as necessary until the natural raw material is rendered harmless and low molecular by the hydrothermal reaction. .

  Next, the water vapor injection means 4 has a boiler 41 that generates high-temperature and high-pressure water vapor, and an air supply pipe 42 for supplying the water vapor generated from the boiler 41 into the processing vessel 2. The pressure of water vapor generated in the boiler 41 and the temperature associated with the pressure are maintained at a constant value, and the pressure and temperature in the processing vessel 2 are adjusted by the amount of water vapor injected. The air supply pipe 42 is connected to the processing container 2 in a substantially horizontal direction at a position above the horizontal rotation shaft 31. This is because it is desired to apply high-temperature and high-pressure steam when the natural raw material in the processing vessel 2 is deposited and not subjected to pressure, that is, immediately before the natural raw material is stirred and floated hollow and covered with another natural raw material. This is because it is optimal to apply high-temperature and high-pressure steam to the substrate, and high processing efficiency can be obtained.

  Next, the pressure adjusting means 5 adjusts the pressure and temperature in the processing container 2, and a drain valve 51 that is electrically controlled to be openable and closable, and water vapor in the processing container 2 through the drain valve 51. And an exhaust pipe 52 for exhausting air. When the pressure or temperature in the processing container 2 exceeds a predetermined value, the drain valve 51 is opened, the water vapor in the processing container 2 is removed, and the pressure or temperature is kept below the predetermined pressure or temperature. Moreover, in this embodiment, the cold trap 8 is provided in the drain valve 51 so that attachment or detachment is possible, and various active ingredients vaporized according to the natural raw material can be collect | recovered. Note that a cooling device 10 is connected to the exhaust pipe 52 via a silencer 9 so that water vapor from the processing vessel 2 is cooled and liquefied and supplied to the waste water treatment facility 11. Further, the silencer 9 is designed so that it can be installed in an urban area or the like by clearing the regulation value of the noise prevention regulations.

  The inert gas injection means 6 is for injecting an inert gas into the processing container 2, and an inert gas cylinder 61 filled with the inert gas, and an inlet for connecting the inert gas cylinder 61 to the processing container 2. 62 and an injection valve 63 provided at the injection port 62. In the present embodiment, nitrogen is used as the inert gas, but the present invention is not limited to this, and any material that does not oxidize or oxidize a natural material after treatment, such as argon, may be used. Further, in the case where it is not necessary to prevent oxidation and it is simply desired to obtain a natural material in a sterile state, aseptic air subjected to purification treatment may be used.

  Next, the control means 7 is connected to the upper temperature sensor 23a, the lower temperature sensor 23b, and the pressure sensor 24, and based on the detection signals from these sensors and a predetermined control program, the stirring means 3 and the steam injection means 4 The pressure adjusting means 5 and the inert gas injection means 6 are controlled. The control means 7 controls the rotation direction and rotation speed of the drive motor 33 to control the stirring and transferring time of the natural raw material in the processing container 2. The control means 7 is preliminarily set with processing conditions relating to temperature and pressure optimal for low molecular weight processing of various natural raw materials. The steam injection means 4 and pressure adjustment are performed so as to maintain the processing conditions. The means 5 is feedback controlled. That is, the control means 7 controls the water vapor injection means 4 based on the detection results of the upper temperature sensor 23a, the lower temperature sensor 23b and the pressure sensor 24 when the temperature and pressure in the processing container 2 do not satisfy the processing conditions. Then, when the steam is injected and, conversely, the processing conditions are likely to be exceeded, the pressure adjusting means 5 is controlled to exhaust the steam, thereby reducing the temperature and pressure.

  Depending on the type of natural raw material to be treated, hydrothermal reaction treatment may be present in the treatment container 2 in a vaporized state as a volatile component such as terpene, flavone, or phenol, or as oligosaccharide or amino sugar in water vapor. May contain. Such useful components can be processed into an extractable state depending on the processing temperature range, or disappear by decomposition. Therefore, in this embodiment, the temperature ranges of the volatile components and aqueous solution components to be recovered are set in advance according to each natural raw material and the extraction target. When the container temperature reaches a predetermined temperature range after starting the processing, the control means 7 opens the drain valve 51 by connecting the cold trap 8 to the drain valve 51 and exceeds the above temperature range. The cold trap 8 is again detached and the drain valve 51 is closed. Depending on the collection target, the cold trap 8 may be connected in the middle of cooling the treated product after the hydrothermal reaction treatment is completed, and a desired low molecular weight natural material may be extracted as an aqueous solution component.

  Further, when the agitation transfer time elapses and the molecular weight reduction process is completed, the control means 7 of the present embodiment opens the drain valve 51 to exhaust the water vapor in the processing container 2 and gradually increase the temperature in the container. It is set to decrease. When the temperature in the container is lowered to a predetermined temperature, the drain valve 51 is once closed, the injection valve 63 of the inert gas injection means 6 is opened, and the inert gas flows into the processing container 2. The treated product is cooled to about room temperature while maintaining a positive pressure at which air and germs do not flow from the outside into the inside, that is, a slight positive pressure slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure.

  The reason why cooling is performed while injecting an inert gas and maintaining a slight positive pressure as described above is to prevent oxygen from flowing in from the outside and oxidizing the low molecular weight natural material after treatment. . The timing of injecting the inert gas may be any time as long as the internal pressure of the container does not reach a negative pressure. Thereafter, the discharge port 22 is opened under a slight positive pressure in an inert gas atmosphere, and the processed natural material is discharged into the aseptic chamber 25.

  Below, the manufacturing method of the low molecular weight natural raw material by the low molecular weight natural raw material manufacturing system 1 of this embodiment is demonstrated.

  First, for each type of natural raw material to be processed, the pressure and temperature conditions at the time of processing in the processing container 2 and the temperature range to be recovered by the cold trap 8 are set in the control means 7 in advance. . In this case, the container internal pressure and the container internal temperature that are set are set to such an extent that various natural raw materials are reduced in molecular weight and sufficient sterilization action is exhibited. In the range of about 1.96 MPa or less and the temperature in the container of about 210 ° C. or less. Normally, when the temperature and pressure exceeding the set values are reached, carbonization of the natural raw material proceeds, and the amount of various components such as minerals that become nutrient sources for microorganisms increases.

  Next, a predetermined natural raw material is charged into the processing container 2 from the charging port 21. Subsequently, the injection of high-temperature and high-pressure steam from the boiler 41 is started, and the natural raw material is greatly stirred by the stirring blade 32 and gradually transferred toward the discharge port 22. Depending on the amount of processing, the drive motor 33 is reversed in the reverse direction, and the agitation is transferred while reciprocating the natural raw material. Even with a smaller processing container 2, sufficient processing time can be obtained.

  During this agitation and movement, high-temperature and high-pressure steam is injected from the air supply pipe 42 attached above the horizontal rotation shaft 31. For this reason, when the natural raw material is scattered apart above the horizontal rotation shaft 31 by the stirring of the stirring means 3, high-temperature and high-pressure steam is effectively sprayed. Therefore, heating accompanying water vapor pressure and hydrolysis by water vapor are effectively advanced, and the molecular weight is reduced. At this time, in the present embodiment, since the treatment is performed under the treatment conditions of a pressure of 1.96 MPa or less and a temperature of 210 ° C. or less, it is possible to exert a hydrolysis action sufficient for reducing the molecular weight and detoxifying the natural raw material. Is possible.

  In the present embodiment, after the processing is started, when the temperature in the container falls within a predetermined temperature range corresponding to the type of natural raw material, the cold trap 8 is connected to the drain valve 51 automatically or manually, and the drain valve 51 Is released. Thereby, useful components are recovered from the exhausted water vapor. When the temperature inside the container exceeds the predetermined temperature range, the drain valve 51 is closed and the cold trap 8 is removed, and the process of reducing the molecular weight in the processing container 2 is advanced again.

  While high-temperature and high-pressure steam is injected into the processing container 2, the control means 7 constantly monitors the detection results of the upper temperature sensor 23a, the lower temperature sensor 23b, and the pressure sensor 24, and the temperature in the processing container 2 is increased. The water vapor injection means 4 and the pressure adjustment means 5 are controlled so that the pressure and the pressure satisfy the preset processing conditions.

  Subsequently, when the set agitation transfer time elapses, the control means 7 controls the water vapor injection means 4 to stop the water vapor injection and opens the drain valve 51. As a result, the water vapor in the processing container 2 is exhausted through the exhaust pipe 52, and the temperature and pressure in the processing container 2 rapidly decrease, so that the natural raw material is reduced in molecular weight. This is presumably because a phenomenon similar to vacuum distillation, steam distillation or sublimation occurred due to the exhaust of steam. In this embodiment, the water vapor is exhausted immediately after the injection is stopped. However, it may be held for several minutes assuming the certainty and stability of the low molecular weight treatment.

  Thereafter, the control means 7 naturally cools the inside of the processing container 2 until a slight positive pressure is reached, and then gradually injects an inert gas. Thereby, the inert gas is filled in the processing container 2. The treated natural material is discharged into the sterilization chamber 25 in a sterile state under a slight positive pressure in an inert gas atmosphere.

  The natural raw material is separated and decomposed by the hydrothermal treatment with the pressure and temperature as described above to reduce the molecular weight, and is sterilized with pressurized steam. In addition, while the inert gas is injected and the inside of the processing container 2 is kept at a slight positive pressure, the natural material whose properties have been changed is transferred to the aseptic chamber 25 and recovered, so that the processed natural material is oxidized. Oxidative polymerization will not occur and microbial contamination will be prevented.

  In addition, a microorganism preparation is produced by inoculating a natural material produced by the above treatment with a predetermined microorganism under aseptic conditions. The microorganisms used in the present embodiment are agrochemical microorganisms that ensure safety, food microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria that are resident microorganisms, environmental microorganisms such as denitrifying bacteria, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and Bacillus subtilis. It is preferable from the viewpoint of safety to use agricultural-related microorganisms such as

  Next, specific examples of the present embodiment will be described. In each of the following examples, an experiment for producing a natural material suitable for use as a carrier of a microbial preparation or a fertilizer conforming to JAS (Japanese Agricultural Standards) was performed on the assumption of practical use.

  In the experiment of this example, a processing vessel 2 having a volume of 3000 liters was used, and natural raw materials were introduced into the processing vessel 2 so that the filling rate was 65% to 95%. Further, the treatment conditions were appropriately selected and set in consideration of the types and properties of natural raw materials within the range where the pressure in the container was about 1.96 MPa or less and the temperature in the container was about 210 ° C. or less. Nitrogen gas was used as the inert gas in consideration of economy.

“Experiment to produce natural materials from cooking scraps of true kombu”
In Example 1, an experiment was conducted in which a natural raw material was produced using cooked scraps of true kombu from a home or a store as a natural raw material. First, 1 t of true kombu cooking waste was put into the processing container 2, and the processing was carried out while maintaining the internal pressure of the container at about 1.96 MPa and the internal temperature of the container at about 200 ° C. under stirring conditions. After the hydrothermal reaction, water vapor was discharged from the drain valve 51 to lower the temperature in the container to 101 ° C., the drain valve 51 was closed, and the treated natural material was cooled to below room temperature. When the inside of the processing container 2 becomes slightly positive pressure, the nitrogen gas injection valve 63 is opened, the drain valve 51 is gradually opened to inject nitrogen gas, and the sterilization container is irradiated with the sterilizing ultraviolet lamp. When the processed natural material was discharged, a liquid containing oligosaccharides was recovered. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, after performing the same treatment as in Example 1, the treated product was recovered without injecting nitrogen gas.

And after processing the processing thing collect | recovered in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 at 20 degreeC for 2 weeks, the sample for analysis was extract | collected aseptically and the number of bacteria and the number of other microorganisms were measured. The result is shown in FIG. The number of bacteria was measured using a bouillon agar medium, and the number of other microorganisms was measured using a potato dextrose agar medium by a smearing method on a flat plate. As shown in FIG. 2, 10 ⁶ CFU / ml of bacteria were detected in the treated product of Comparative Example 1 and 10 ³ CFU / ml of other microorganisms were detected, whereas the detection limit was detected in the natural material of Example 1. The following values were obtained, and an effective result was confirmed for the sustainability of the sterilization effect by the recovery treatment under a positive pressure in a nitrogen gas atmosphere.

  In addition, an experiment was conducted to confirm that the liquid containing the oligosaccharide was recovered. Each sample was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter to remove insolubles, and then used as a sample for gel filtration chromatography. In this gel filtration chromatography, Sephadex G-25 (manufactured by Pharmacia) was used as a gel carrier, and ion-exchanged water was used as a mobile phase at room temperature and 0.5 ml / min. Glucose and maltotriose maltopentaose were used as standard substances, and a differential refractometer was used for detection. And an eluate is collect | recovered every 4 minutes, and the measurement result of the elution amount from a development start and a total sugar amount is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, for each elution amount, a glucose-converted sugar amount is detected in the present invention and the comparative example, and the liquid product after processing the true kombu according to this embodiment contains an oligosaccharide. It was confirmed that it can be extracted.

  From the above measurement results, the treated product of Comparative Example 1 contains bacteria and other microorganisms, whereas the natural material according to Example 1 has almost no bacteria and other microorganisms. It can be seen that the oligosaccharide is contained in the liquid after the treatment. It turns out that the processed material by Example 1 is a natural material suitable for using as a simple fertilizer and soil improvement material which adapted JAS.

"Experiment to produce natural materials from dried chicken manure"
In Example 2, an experiment for producing a natural material using dry chicken manure as a natural material was conducted. 5t of dry chicken manure was introduced into the processing container 2, and the processing was performed while maintaining the internal pressure of the container at about 1.96 MPa and the internal temperature of the container at about 200 ° C. under stirring conditions. After the hydrothermal reaction, water vapor was discharged from the drain valve 51 to lower the temperature in the container to 101 ° C. At this time, the cold trap 8 was attached to the drain valve 51 to collect the steam component. Further, after the drain valve 51 is closed and the natural material is cooled to below room temperature, the injection valve 63 is opened and the drain valve 51 is gradually opened when the inside of the processing container 2 becomes slightly positive pressure. Nitrogen gas was injected. And after irradiating the ultraviolet lamp for sterilization, the processed natural material was discharged to the sterilization container, and the liquid substance containing phosphoric acid, potassium, calcium, magnesium and a nitrogen-containing compound was recovered. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 2, an experiment similar to Example 2 was performed except that nitrogen gas was injected, and the processed material was collected.

Samples for analysis were collected aseptically after storing the treated products collected in Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 at 20 ° C. for 2 weeks, and the number of bacteria and other microorganisms were determined by the same measurement method as in Example 1. It was measured. The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 4, 10 ⁷ CFU / ml of bacteria were detected in the treated product of Comparative Example 2 and 10 ⁵ CFU / ml of other microorganisms were detected, whereas the detection limit was detected in the natural material of Example 2. The following values were obtained.

  In addition, in order to grasp the status of Maillard reaction and oxidative polymerization, each sample was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter to remove insoluble matters, and then the visible (438 nm) absorbance was measured, thereby generating a Maillard reaction. The outer diameter of the object was measured. The result is shown in FIG. In addition, the absorbance was measured by diluting each sample in the nitrogen gas stream until it became 1.0 or less, and using this dilution ratio in the nitrogen gas stream. As shown in FIG. 5, the outer diameter of the Maillard reaction product contained in the treated product of Comparative Example 2 is 0.471 nm, and the outer diameter of the Maillard reaction product contained in the natural material of Example 2 is 0. It can be seen that the molecular weight is reduced to 120 nm.

  From the above measurement results, the treated product of Comparative Example 2 contains bacteria and other microorganisms, whereas the natural material according to Example 2 has almost no bacteria and other microorganisms. It has been shown. Moreover, it is shown that the outer diameter of the Maillard reaction product is reduced in molecular weight by breaking hydrogen bonds by hydrothermal reaction, and the processed product of Example 2 is up to about a quarter of the comparative example. It is thought that the molecular weight is low and the influence of oxidative polymerization is suppressed as much as possible. As mentioned above, according to the experimental result of Example 2, it turns out that the processed material by Example 2 is a natural material suitable for using as a simple fertilizer adapted to Japanese agricultural and forestry standards.

"Experiment to produce microbial preparations from peat moss, red crust and vermiculite"
In Example 3, an experiment for producing a microbial preparation was performed using a natural raw material in which peat moss, red bean clay and vermiculite were mixed at a weight ratio of 5: 10: 1 as a carrier raw material. 700 liters of the above-mentioned carrier raw material was put into the processing container 2, and the processing was carried out by maintaining the pressure in the container at about 1.5 MPa and the temperature in the container at about 130 ° C. for 10 minutes under stirring conditions. After the hydrothermal reaction, water vapor was discharged from the drain valve 51 to lower the temperature in the container to 101 ° C., and the drain valve 51 was closed to cool the treated natural material to 30 ° C. or less. While stirring the carrier material, the injection valve 63 was opened, the drain valve 51 was gradually opened to inject nitrogen gas, and 10 liters of bacterial suspension was added. When the inside of the processing container 2 became a slight positive pressure, the processed natural material was discharged into the sterilization container while irradiating the sterilizing ultraviolet lamp. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 3, the carrier raw material was sterilized at 130 ° C. for 10 minutes using a laboratory steam sterilizer at a scale of 1/100, and thereafter the bacteria were inoculated using a clean bench. Went.

In Example 3, after separating Pseudomonas sp. (Pseudomonas) genus bacteria having the ability to denitrify nitrate nitrogen from the surface soil of the field where spinach is cultivated as a bacterial suspension, potato shoe What was streaked on a Claus agar medium and cultured for 10 days at 25 ° C. was adjusted to 10 ⁶ CFU / ml with sterilized water. In addition, the addition of the bacterial suspension was performed by connecting the inlet portion of the pressure vessel containing the bacterial suspension to the inlet 62 of the nitrogen cylinder 61.

The treated products collected in Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 were statically cultured at 25 ° C. for 10 days, and then a sample for measuring the number of bacteria was aseptically collected, and the number of inoculated bacteria and the number of bacteria were measured. The result is shown in FIG. The number of bacteria was measured using the same medium containing potato sucrose agar plate and crystal violet. As shown in FIG. 6, 10 ⁷ CFU / g of Pseudomonas bacteria were detected in the treated product of Comparative Example 3, and 10 ² CFU / g and 10 ³ CFU / g of Gram-positive bacteria and filamentous fungi were respectively detected. was detected. On the other hand, in the microorganism preparation according to Example 3, 10 ⁸ CFU / g of the inoculated Pseudomonas bacteria was detected, but the gram-positive bacteria, filamentous fungi and other microorganisms were below the detection limit.

  From the above measurement results, the treated product of Comparative Example 3 contained miscellaneous bacteria despite being sterilized using a steam sterilizer, whereas the microorganism preparation of Example 3 was inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. It is shown that various bacteria other than bacteria are not present, and it can be seen that it can be a microbial preparation with high purity and high biodegradability. In addition, the treated product of Example 3 conforms to Japanese Agricultural Standards as a carrier using a natural material instead of a synthetic compound.

"Experiment to produce microbial preparation from red crust, rice husk and dried chicken manure"
In Example 4, an experiment was carried out to produce a microbial preparation using a natural raw material in which red jade earth, rice husk and dried chicken manure were mixed at a weight ratio of 1: 2: 1 as a carrier raw material. 700 liters of the carrier raw material was charged into the processing vessel 2, and the processing was carried out while maintaining the internal pressure of the vessel at about 1.96 MPa and the internal temperature of the vessel at about 200 ° C. under stirring conditions. After the hydrothermal reaction, water vapor was discharged from the drain valve 51 to lower the temperature in the container to 101 ° C., and the drain valve 51 was closed to cool the treated natural material to 30 ° C. or less. Then, the drain valve 51 was opened again, the injection valve 63 was gradually opened while stirring the carrier material, nitrogen gas was injected, and the bacterial suspension was added. Nitrogen gas was injected until the inside of the processing container 2 reached a slight positive pressure, and then the treated microorganism preparation was discharged into the sterilization container while irradiating an ultraviolet lamp for sterilization.

  On the other hand, in Comparative Example 4A, a microbial preparation produced using compressed air purified with a sterile filter was used instead of nitrogen gas in Example 4. Furthermore, in Comparative Example 4B, a microbial preparation produced without using nitrogen gas or purified air was used.

In this Example 4, Bacillus subtilis bacteria isolated from commercially available natto were streaked on a potato-dextrose agar plate as a bacterial suspension and cultured at 30 ° C. for 3 days. Used to adjust to 10 ⁷ CFU / ml. In addition, the addition of the bacterial suspension was performed in the same manner as in Example 3.

The treated products collected in Example 4 and Comparative Examples 4A and 4B were statically cultured at 28 ° C. for 14 days, and then aseptically five samples for measuring the number of bacteria were collected, and the number of inoculated bacteria and the number of bacteria were measured. . The result is shown in FIG. The number of bacteria was measured in the same manner as in Example 3 using a potato-dextrose agar plate. As shown in FIG. 7, in the treated product of Comparative Example 4B, 10 ⁵ to 10 ⁶ CFU / g of natto bacteria were detected, and 10 ⁷ to 10 ⁸ gram-negative bacteria, filamentous fungi, and other microorganisms, respectively. CFU / g, 10 ⁵ to 10 ⁶ CFU / g and 10 ⁸ to 10 ⁹ CFU / g were detected. On the other hand, in the microorganism preparations according to Example 4 and Comparative Example 4A, 10 ⁸ to 10 ⁹ CFU / g and 10 ⁷ to 10 ⁸ CFU / g of natto bacteria were detected, respectively. However, gram-negative bacteria, filamentous fungi and other microorganisms were detected. Was hardly detected.

  From the above measurement results, the processed product of Comparative Example 4B was collected without sterilization, and various miscellaneous germs were mixed, whereas the microorganism preparations of Example 4 and Comparative Example 4A were subjected to sterilization conditions. In addition, since it was collected in an inert gas atmosphere or purified air, it was shown that there were almost no germs other than inoculated natto. However, the microbial preparation according to Comparative Example 4A has no problem to be used as a fertilizer or the like, but since it is collected under an air stream, oxidation and oxidative polymerization are in progress, and in that respect the properties as a microbial preparation are descend. According to the experimental results of this Example 4, it can be seen that the microbial preparation according to Example 4 can be a microbial preparation with high purity and high biodegradability, and also because it uses natural materials instead of synthetic compounds, the carrier It also conforms to Japanese agricultural and forestry standards.

"Experiment to produce natural materials from radish"
In Example 5, an experiment for producing a natural material using radish as a natural material was conducted. 600 kg of radish was put into the processing container 2, and the processing was performed while maintaining the pressure in the container at about 1.96 MPa and the temperature in the container at about 200 ° C. under stirring conditions. After the hydrothermal reaction, water vapor was discharged from the drain valve 51 to lower the temperature in the container to 102 ° C., and the drain valve 51 was closed. Then, the injection valve 63 was opened and the drain valve 51 was gradually opened to inject nitrogen gas to cool the natural material to room temperature or lower while maintaining the inside of the processing vessel 2 at a slight positive pressure. When the treated natural material was discharged into a sterilized container under a nitrogen stream, a liquid product was recovered. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 5, an experiment similar to Example 5 was performed except that nitrogen gas was injected, and the processed material was collected.

  In addition, in order to grasp the status of Maillard reaction and oxidative polymerization, an analytical sample was collected from the treated products recovered in Example 5 and Comparative Example 5, and the outer diameter of the Maillard reaction product in the analytical sample was measured by spectroscopic analysis. Measurement was performed at an absorbance of 430 nm using a photometer. The result is shown in FIG. The absorbance was measured by the same method as in Example 2. As shown in FIG. 8, the outer diameter of the Maillard reaction product contained in the treated product of Comparative Example 5 is 0.511 nm, whereas the outer diameter of the Maillard reaction product contained in the natural material of Example 5 is increased. It can be seen that the diameter is 0.220 nm, and the molecular weight is reduced to about half or less.

  From the above measurement results, it is shown that the outer diameter of the Maillard reaction product contained in the natural material according to Example 5 is reduced to less than half compared with Comparative Example 5, and the radish reaction is performed by hydrothermal reaction. It can be seen that the molecular bonds constituting the can be effectively cut to reduce the molecular weight, and the oxidative polymerization is suppressed as much as possible.

"Experiment to produce natural materials from scorpion millet"
In Example 6, an experiment was conducted in which a natural material was produced using a naturally-occurring root of the smelt moth that was naturally washed as a raw material and was cut into approximately 5 cm. The processing vessel 2 was charged with 500 liters of Sequoia spp., And the processing was carried out while maintaining the vessel internal pressure at about 1.96 MPa and the vessel internal temperature at about 200 ° C. under stirring conditions. At this time, the cold trap 8 was attached to the drain valve 51, the temperature inside the container was lowered to 102 ° C. while collecting the vapor component, and the drain valve 51 was closed. In this cold trap 8, terpenes and phenols were recovered. Then, the injection valve 63 was opened and the drain valve 51 was gradually opened to inject nitrogen gas to cool the natural material to room temperature or lower while maintaining the inside of the processing vessel 2 at a slight positive pressure. When the treated natural material was discharged into a sterilized container under a nitrogen stream, a liquid product was recovered. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 6, an experiment similar to Example 6 was performed except that nitrogen gas was injected, and the processed material was collected.

  Of the processed products recovered in Example 6 and Comparative Example 6, the sample for analysis was collected except for the condensate obtained from the cold trap 8, and the outer diameter of the Maillard reaction product in this sample for analysis was determined as Example. Measurement was performed in the same manner as in No. 5. As shown in FIG. 9, the outer diameter of the Maillard reaction product contained in the treated product of Comparative Example 6 is 0.318 nm, whereas the outer diameter of the Maillard reaction product contained in the natural material of Example 6 is increased. It can be seen that the diameter is 0.114 nm and the molecular weight is reduced to about one third.

  From the above measurement results, it was shown that the outer diameter of the Maillard reaction product contained in the natural material according to Example 6 was reduced to less than half compared with Comparative Example 6.

"Experiment to produce microbial products from alfalfa and true kombu cooking waste"
In Example 7, an experiment was conducted to produce a microbial preparation using alfalfa and true kombu cooking scraps as natural raw materials. The processing container 2 was charged with 100 kg of alfalfa and 10 kg of true kombu cooking waste, and the processing was carried out while maintaining the internal pressure of the container at about 1.96 MPa and the internal temperature of the container at about 200 ° C. under stirring conditions. After the hydrothermal reaction, water vapor was discharged from the drain valve 51 to lower the temperature in the container to 101 ° C., and the drain valve 51 was closed to cool the treated natural material to 30 ° C. or less. Then, while stirring the natural raw material, the injection valve 63 was opened, the drain valve 51 was gradually opened to inject nitrogen gas, and the lactic acid bacteria suspension was added. Nitrogen gas was injected until the inside of the processing container 2 reached a slight positive pressure, and then the treated microorganism preparation was discharged into the sterilization container while irradiating an ultraviolet lamp for sterilization.

  On the other hand, in Comparative Example 7A, a microbial preparation produced using compressed air purified with a sterile filter was used instead of nitrogen gas in Example 7. Furthermore, in Comparative Example 7B, a microbial preparation produced without using nitrogen gas or purified air was used.

  In Example 7, lactic acid bacteria were separated from commercially available yogurt, and 5 liters of the culture solution was cultured at 30 ° C. for 5 days under anaerobic conditions using a V8 liquid medium as a lactic acid bacteria suspension. did. The addition of the lactic acid bacteria suspension was performed in the same manner as in Example 3.

The microorganism preparations collected in Example 7 and Comparative Examples 7A and 7B were statically cultured at 28 ° C. for 3 days, and then a sample for measuring the number of bacteria was aseptically collected, and the number of inoculated bacteria and the number of various bacteria were measured. The result is shown in FIG. The number of inoculated bacteria was measured using a layered medium of V8 agar medium and calcium carbonate, and the number of miscellaneous bacteria was measured using a potato-dextrose agar plate. As shown in FIG. 10, 10 ⁻⁸ CFU / g, 10 ⁴ CFU / g, and 10 ⁶ CFU / g are detected as bacteria, filamentous fungi, and other microorganisms as bacteria in the treated product of Comparative Example 7B. Nevertheless, no lactic acid bacteria were detected. On the other hand, in the microorganism preparations of Example 7 and Comparative Example 7A, the inoculated lactic acid bacteria were detected at 10 ⁶ CFU / g and 10 ⁴ CFU / g, respectively, but bacteria, filamentous fungi and other microorganisms were hardly detected.

  From the above measurement results, the processed product of Comparative Example 7B was not sterilized, and thus various germs were mixed in and the lactic acid bacteria disappeared, whereas the microbial preparations of Example 7 and Comparative Example 7A were used. There was almost no miscellaneous bacteria other than lactic acid bacteria inoculated after hydrothermal treatment, indicating that the effects of sterilization and aseptic treatment were maintained. However, although the microbial preparation according to Comparative Example 7A has no problem to be used as a fertilizer or the like, it is considered that the suitability of the microbial preparation is low because it is collected under an air stream and is oxidized or oxidatively polymerized.

  In addition to the above-described examples, when crustaceans and their shells are used as natural raw materials, ammonia, amines, amino sugars, oligosaccharides, calcium compounds, and the like can be recovered as natural materials. In addition, when fish scales are used as natural raw materials, collagen, calcium compounds, and the like can be recovered as natural raw materials. Furthermore, when natural herbs, medicinal herbs, seaweeds, pruned leaves, felled wood chips, allelopathic substance-producing plants are used, terpenes, flavonols, phenols, oligosaccharides, magnesium compounds, minerals, etc. are recovered as natural materials Can do. In addition, when organic waste such as rice straw and rice husks is used as a natural raw material, oligosaccharides, silicic acid compounds and the like can be recovered as natural raw materials. Furthermore, when dried chicken manure or burned chicken manure is used as a natural raw material, nitrogen-containing compounds, phosphate compounds, calcium compounds, potash compounds, and the like can be recovered as natural materials.

According to this embodiment as described above,
1. In addition to being able to reduce the molecular weight and detoxify the natural raw material, it is possible to prevent the natural material after treatment from being oxidized and to prevent microbial contamination.
2. It can be recovered in a sterile state while retaining the functionality of the natural material, and a natural material suitable for use as a carrier for a microbial preparation can be obtained.
3. Natural materials produced from natural raw materials can be separated and extracted as solid components, liquid components and volatile components.
4). Microbial preparations that do not use synthetic compounds as a carrier can be produced, and thus can be supplied to various fields such as livestock, agriculture, and the environment.

  Note that the low molecular weight natural material, the method for producing the low molecular natural material, and the microbial preparation using the same according to the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be appropriately changed.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, the treatment is performed under high-temperature and high-pressure steam, but the invention is not limited to this as long as it can be hydrothermally reacted. For example, natural raw materials and tap water may be charged into the processing vessel 2 in advance, and the inside of the processing vessel 2 may be maintained at a high temperature and high pressure while stirring to cause a hydrothermal reaction.

It is a figure which shows embodiment of the manufacturing system of the low molecular weight natural raw material which concerns on this invention. It is a table | surface which shows the measurement result of the number of microorganisms in the present Example 1 and the comparative example 1. FIG. It is a table | surface which shows the measurement result of the total amount of sugars in the present Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. It is a table | surface which shows the measurement result of the number of microorganisms in the present Example 2 and the comparative example 2. FIG. It is a table | surface which shows the measurement result of the outer diameter of the Maillard reaction product in the present Example 2 and the comparative example 2. FIG. It is a table | surface which shows the measurement result of the number of microorganisms in the present Example 3 and the comparative example 3. FIG. It is a table | surface which shows the measurement result of the number of microorganisms in the present Example 4 and Comparative Examples 4A and 4B. It is a table | surface which shows the measurement result of the outer diameter of the Maillard reaction product in the present Example 5 and Comparative Example 5. It is a table | surface which shows the measurement result of the outer diameter of the Maillard reaction product in the present Example 6 and Comparative Example 6. It is a table | surface which shows the measurement result of the number of microorganisms in the present Example 7 and Comparative Example 7A, 7B.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Low molecular weight natural raw material manufacturing system 2 Processing container 3 Stirring means 4 Water vapor | steam injection means 5 Pressure control means 6 Inert gas injection means 7 Control means 8 Cold trap 9 Silencer 10 Cooling device 11 Waste water treatment equipment 21 Input port 22 Outlet port 23a Upper temperature sensor 23b Lower temperature sensor 24 Pressure sensor 25 Aseptic chamber 31 Horizontal rotating shaft 32 Stirring blade 33 Drive motor 41 Boiler 42 Air supply pipe 51 Drain valve 52 Exhaust pipe 61 Inert gas cylinder 62 Inlet 63 Injection valve

Claims (6)

  The natural raw material is hydrothermally reacted in the processing vessel to reduce the molecular weight, and after cooling to a predetermined temperature, an inert gas is injected into the processing vessel and maintained in a positive pressure inert gas atmosphere. Low molecular weight natural material characterized by being recovered.   2. The low molecular weight natural material according to claim 1, wherein the hydrothermal reaction is performed under high-pressure steam at a pressure in a processing container of 1.96 MPa or less and a temperature of 210 ° C. or less.   A natural raw material is reacted hydrothermally at a predetermined temperature and pressure in a processing vessel, cooled to a predetermined temperature, and then an inert gas is injected into the processing vessel and recovered in a positive pressure inert gas atmosphere. A method for producing a low molecular weight natural material characterized by   4. The method for producing a low molecular weight natural material according to claim 3, wherein the hydrothermal reaction is performed to reduce the molecular weight of the natural raw material under high-pressure steam at a pressure of 1.96 MPa or less and a temperature of 210 ° C. or less. .   3. A microorganism preparation obtained by inoculating a low molecular weight natural material according to claim 1 or 2 with a predetermined microorganism under aseptic conditions.   The natural raw material is hydrothermally reacted in the processing vessel to reduce the molecular weight, cooled to a predetermined temperature, and then recovered while injecting purified air into the processing vessel and keeping it under positive pressure purified air. Low molecular weight natural material characterized by

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