JP2007077901A - Diesel engine equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide diesel engine equipment, which can use a light component produced from heavy oil as fuel so as to utilize the heavy oil without wastage. <P>SOLUTION: The diesel engine equipment comprises: a reformer 8 for mixing the heavy oil with reaction water and separating it into a heavy component and the light component; a gas-liquid separator 15 for separating the light component, which is separated by the reformer 8, into reformed gas and reformed oil; and a diesel engine 2 using the reformed oil, which is separated by the gas-liquid separator 15, as fuel. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to, for example, a diesel engine facility that drives a generator or other load, and more particularly, to a diesel engine facility that uses a reformed oil produced by reforming a heavy oil as fuel.

  Usually, a fluid catalytic cracking method is used to produce light fuel from the residue produced by distillation of crude oil. In this decomposition method, the residue is decomposed by contacting with a catalyst to produce gasoline having a high octane number. And this cracking method produces | generates the heavy oil which contains solid particles, such as a catalyst, in addition to a gasoline component. This heavy oil is less expensive than diesel oil or heavy oil A, but when used in diesel engine fuel, the contained solid particles cause premature wear on piston rings, cylinders, fuel injection nozzles, and plungers. Therefore, there is a possibility that the life of the diesel engine is shortened and the maintenance cost is high.

  In addition, the diesel engine using heavy oil has already been proposed, for example as disclosed in Patent Document 1. The technique described in Patent Document 1 is a technique in which heavy oil and reaction water are mixed to remove metals present in the heavy oil, and the obtained light components are supplied to the diesel engine as fuel.

JP 2004-11479 A

  The diesel engine using the light component described in Patent Document 1 as a fuel has the following problems. That is, in order to inject fuel into a diesel engine, it is necessary to pressurize the light component to a high pressure of several tens to several tens of MPa. However, since light components include gases such as hydrogen and methane, it is difficult to pressurize to such high pressures, so it is practical to use light components generated from heavy oil as fuel for diesel engines. The current situation is not.

  The objective of this invention is providing the diesel engine equipment which can be made into a fuel using the light part produced | generated from heavy oil.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide a diesel engine facility that can use heavy oil without waste.

  In order to achieve the above object, the present invention mixes heavy oil and reaction water to separate a heavy component and a light component, and reforms the light component separated by the reformer. The diesel engine equipment is composed of a gas-liquid separator that separates gas and reformed oil and a diesel engine that uses the reformed oil separated by the gas-liquid separator as fuel.

  Further, the reformer gas is heated by burning the reformed gas separated by the gas-liquid separator and the heavy components separated by the reformer.

  Furthermore, a gas turbine using the reformed gas separated by the gas-liquid separator as a fuel is provided.

  With the above configuration, gas components such as hydrogen and methane are removed from the light components separated from the heavy oil, and only the light oil is used as the fuel for the diesel engine. It can be injected under high pressure.

  In addition, reformed gas and heavy components other than reformed oil used as fuel for diesel engines can be used for heating the reformer, and reformed gas can be used as fuel for gas turbines. Can be used without waste.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain diesel engine equipment that can be made into fuel using light components generated from heavy oil and that can use heavy oil without waste.

  A first embodiment of a diesel engine facility according to the present invention will be described below based on the diesel engine power generation facility shown in FIG.

  The diesel engine power generation facility 1 includes a diesel engine 2, a generator 3 driven by the diesel engine 2, and a fuel supply system 4 of the diesel engine 2.

  The fuel supply system 4 includes a heavy oil tank 5, a heavy oil pump 6 that sends out the heavy oil in the heavy oil tank 5 to a pressure of 10 to 25 MPa, and a sent heavy oil at 350 ° C. A heavy oil preheater 7 for heating to ˜450 ° C. and a reformer 8 for reforming the heated heavy oil are provided. The reaction water in the reaction water tank 9 is pressurized to 10 to 25 MPa by the reaction water pump 10 and sent out to the reformer 8, and the reaction water is preheated before being supplied to the reformer 8. The vessel 11 is heated to 450 ° C. to 500 ° C.

  The heavy oil mixed with the reaction water in the reformer 8 reacts by setting the reformer 8 at a temperature of 430 ° C. to 460 ° C. and a pressure of 10 to 25 MPa, and a light component containing a heavy component a and water vapor. and b. The main components of the separated heavy component a are a resin component and an asphaltene component, and are recovered by the heavy component recovery unit 13 via the valve 12. At the same time, solid particles such as a catalyst contained in the heavy oil are heavy. It is concentrated to the component a and collected in the heavy component collector 13. The heavy component a recovered in the heavy component recovery unit 13 is supplied to an asphalt manufacturing apparatus (not shown) and becomes a raw material for asphalt.

  The light component b is mainly composed of hydrogen or hydrocarbon gas (a compound such as methane or ethane), a saturated substance (a compound such as hexane or heptane), or an aromatic component (a compound such as benzene or toluene). Contains part of resin. This light component b is supplied to the gas-liquid separator 15 via the valve 14. The pressure in the reformer 8 is kept constant by adjusting the opening of the valve 14.

  Since the gas-liquid separator 15 is maintained at a pressure of 2 to 4 MPa, the temperature of the supplied light component b is reduced by expansion under reduced pressure. As a result, the reformed oil c that condenses and the reformed gas that does not condense ( Water vapor, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon gas (hydrocarbon having up to about 18 carbon atoms)) d are separated.

  The reformed oil c in the separated gas-liquid separator 15 is measured by the liquid level meter 16, and the opening degree of the valve 17 is adjusted so as to be constant. Thereby, the reformed oil c is extracted from the gas-liquid separator 15, cooled to about 60 ° C. by the cooler 18, and then stored in the reformed oil tank 19. The reformed oil c in the reformed oil tank 19 is pressurized by the reformed oil pump 20 and supplied as fuel for the diesel engine 2. The reformed oil c supplied to the diesel engine 2 is mixed with air and burned to drive the diesel engine 2 and drive the connected generator 3 to generate power. The exhaust gas A discharged from the diesel engine 2 is discharged directly from the chimney 23 through the valve 21 into the atmosphere or through the valves 24 to 26, and the heavy oil preheater 7, the reaction water preheater 11, and the modified After heating the mass device 8, it is discharged from the chimney 23 into the atmosphere.

  On the other hand, the reformed gas d separated by the gas-liquid separator 15 is supplied to the gas turbine equipment 28 via the valve 27. The gas turbine equipment 28 is driven by an air compressor 29, a combustor 30 that is mixed with the compressed air compressed by the air compressor 29 and the reformed gas d and burned, and a combustion gas burned by the combustor 30. The gas turbine 31 is connected to a load that is rotationally driven by the gas turbine 31. The exhaust gas B that has finished driving the gas turbine 31 is discharged from the chimney 23 into the atmosphere. In order to keep the pressure in the gas-liquid separator 15 constant, the opening of the valve 32 is adjusted to burn excess reformed gas d in the flare stack 33, and the exhaust gas C is discharged from the chimney 23. Yes. At this time, a part of the reformed oil c stored in the reformed oil tank 19 is supplied to the flare stack 3 together with the air sucked by the blower 34 as fuel of the reformed gas d.

  The solid particles contained in the heavy oil are removed by the above configuration, whereby the aluminum that was 12 ppm by weight can be reduced to less than 0.05 ppm by weight, and the gas component is removed to be several 10 to several hundreds. A reformed oil that can be pressurized and injected at a high pressure of 10 MPa or more can be used as a fuel for a diesel engine.

  Further, the separated reformed gas d is 10 to 40% by weight with respect to the total heavy oil amount, and the output of the gas turbine equipment 28 is 1/10 to 1/1 of that of the diesel engine 2 as the diesel engine power generation equipment. By designing to be 2, the total amount of the reformed gas d can be consumed by the gas turbine equipment 28. By the way, it is conceivable to install a gas engine or the like instead of the gas turbine equipment 28. However, as described above, the reformed gas d contains water vapor and thus has a low calorific value, and is used as a fuel for the gas engine. Is not preferred. Therefore, when it becomes necessary to install a gas engine instead of the gas turbine equipment 28, it is desirable to cool the reformed gas d to condense and remove the water vapor, and then supply the gas engine to the gas engine.

  Next, a second embodiment of the diesel engine facility according to the present invention will be described based on the diesel engine power generation facility shown in FIG. The same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same parts, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the heavy component a recovered in the heavy component recovery unit 13 is extracted by the heavy component pump 35 and the diesel engine 2 It is supplied to the heavy component combustion furnace 36 installed on the downstream side of the exhaust gas A, mixed with the air supplied from the blower 37 and burned, and the particle separation means 38 installed on the downstream side of the heavy component combustion furnace 36. The solid particles and other metals concentrated in the combustion gas D are removed, and a high temperature exhaust gas E of 550 ° C. to 600 ° C. is generated.

  As the particle separation means 38, for example, a through-type filter, a cyclone filter, an electric dust collector or the like can be applied.

  The heavy component combustion furnace 36 is supplied with the heavy component a and the air from the blower 37, and also supplied with the exhaust gas A of the diesel engine 2, and the high temperature exhaust gas E emitted from the particle separation means 38 is the first As in the above embodiment, after the flow rate is adjusted via the valves 21, 24, 25, and 26, the heavy oil preheater 7, the reaction water preheater 11, and the reformer 8 are heated to the set temperature. , Emitted from the chimney 23.

  According to the second embodiment, since the heavy oil preheater 7 and the reaction water preheater 11 can be heated with the high-temperature exhaust gas E of 550 ° C. to 600 ° C., the temperature of the exhaust gas A of the diesel engine 2 is low. As compared with the first embodiment, the heavy oil preheater 7 and the reaction water preheater 11 cannot be sufficiently heated and the temperature of the reformer 8 cannot be set to about 430 ° C. It can be performed.

  Furthermore, according to the second embodiment, since the heavy component a recovered by the heavy component recovery unit 13 is combusted, the processing of the heavy component a becomes unnecessary and the particle separation means 38 separates the heavy component a. The collected particles can be recovered and used as a catalyst raw material.

  Of course, according to the second embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the solid particles contained in the heavy oil are removed, so that the aluminum content of 12 ppm by weight is reduced to 0.05. The modified oil which can be reduced to less than ppm by weight and can be injected by being pressurized to a high pressure of several tens to several hundreds of MPa or more after the gas component is removed has an effect that can be used as a fuel for a diesel engine. be able to.

  FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of the diesel engine equipment according to the present invention. The same reference numerals as those in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicate the same parts, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted.

  The third embodiment is different from the first and second embodiments in that the gas-liquid separator 15 is provided with a cooling device 40 provided with a cooling water pump 39 constituting gas-liquid temperature adjusting means. Based on the provided points, the gas-liquid separator 15 provided with the gas-liquid temperature detecting means 41, the reformer 8 provided with the reforming temperature measuring means 42, and the output of the generator 3. A gas-liquid separator temperature control device 43 for controlling the temperature of the gas-liquid separator 15 while controlling the cooling water pump 39 and monitoring the temperature with the gas-liquid temperature detecting means 41 and the reforming temperature measuring means 42 is provided. The gas turbine equipment is removed, and the reformed gas d separated by the gas-liquid separator 15 is supplied to the heavy component combustion furnace 36 via the valve 44 instead.

  In such a third embodiment, when the output of the generator 3 is changed, it is necessary to change the supply amount of the reformed oil c supplied to the diesel engine 2, so that heavy oil and reaction water are changed. Since the supply amount is changed and the enthalpy for heating the heavy oil and the reaction water is also changed, the flow rate of the high temperature exhaust gas E needs to be changed. In the diesel engine power generation facility 1 according to the third embodiment, control when the output of the generator 3 is changed will be described next.

  FIG. 4 shows the supply amount of the reformed oil c when the output of the generator 3 decreases, the amount of cooling water by the cooling water pump 39 of the gas-liquid separator 15, the temperature of the gas-liquid separator 15, the reformed gas d. The production amount and the change in the production amount of the reformed oil c are shown.

  When the output of the generator 3 decreases at time t1, the supply amount of the reformed oil d also decreases. From time t1 to t2, the gas-liquid separator temperature control device 43 detects the decrease in the output and issues an instruction to increase the amount of cooling water in the gas-liquid separator 15, and the temperature of the gas-liquid separator 15 reaches the predetermined temperature. The gas / liquid temperature detecting means 41 monitors the decrease. By reducing the temperature of the gas-liquid separator 15 to a predetermined temperature, the reformed gas d condenses, so that the amount of reformed gas produced decreases, and the amount of reformed oil c produced increases by the reduced amount. During the time t2 to t3 when the output of the generator 3 is constant, the amount of cooling water in the gas-liquid separator 15 is adjusted so that the reformed gas generation amount is changed to the heavy oil preheater 7, the reaction water preheater 11, and the reforming. The vessel 8 is reduced to the amount necessary to heat it.

  The amount of cooling water in the gas-liquid separator 15 is determined as shown in FIG. That is, FIG. 5 is a distribution of boiling points in the gas-liquid separator 15 of the light component b separated by the reformer 8, and the fraction of the components boiled between the temperature T1 and the temperature T2 is w (wt%). It is shown that. If the temperature is T3, it means that the component having a lower boiling point (in the arrow direction) becomes the reformed gas d, and the other components become the reformed oil c. The relationship between the boiling point and the mass fraction of the reformed gas d in FIG. 5 is stored in the gas-liquid separator temperature control device 43 in advance, so that the gas-liquid separator temperature to be set is predicted and the gas-liquid separator. The amount of cooling water can be controlled.

  As described above, in the third embodiment according to the present invention, the light component generated from the heavy oil can be used as the fuel, and the heavy oil can be used without waste. By controlling the temperature of the gas-liquid separator 15 so as to decrease the generation ratio of the gas d and increase the generation ratio of the reformed oil c, the amount of the reformed oil to the diesel engine 2 is increased and the output of the generator 3 is increased. The efficiency of the diesel engine power generation facility can be avoided.

  Furthermore, in the present embodiment, it is not necessary to add the gas turbine equipment and the like as in the first and second embodiments by burning the reformed gas d in the heavy component combustion furnace 36, and the initial stage Equipment costs can be reduced.

  By the way, although each embodiment of the above description demonstrated the diesel engine power generation equipment provided with the generator as a diesel engine equipment as an example, if it is a diesel engine equipment which drives other loads, it will be limited to a diesel engine power generation equipment. Is not to be done.

The block diagram of the diesel engine power generation equipment which shows 1st Embodiment of the diesel engine equipment by this invention. The block diagram of the diesel engine power generation equipment which shows 2nd Embodiment of the diesel engine equipment by this invention. The block diagram of the diesel engine power generation equipment which shows 3rd Embodiment of the diesel engine equipment by this invention. The diagram which shows the change of each place with respect to the generator output of the diesel engine power generation equipment shown in FIG. The graph which shows the relationship between the mass fraction of reformed gas, and molecular weight.

Explanation of symbols

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Diesel engine power generation equipment, 2 ... Diesel engine, 3 ... Generator, 4 ... Fuel supply system, 5 ... Heavy oil tank, 6 ... Heavy oil pump, 7 ... Heavy oil preheater, 8 ... Reformer , 9 ... Reaction water tank, 10 ... Reaction water pump, 11 ... Reaction water preheater, 13 ... Heavy component recovery device, 15 ... Gas-liquid separator, 16 ... Liquid level gauge, 18 ... Cooler, 19 ... Reformation Oil tank, 20 ... reformed oil pump, 23 ... chimney, 28 ... gas turbine equipment, 29 ... air compressor, 30 ... combustor, 31 ... gas turbine, 33 ... flare stack, 35 ... heavy component pump, 36 ... Heavy component combustion furnace, 38 ... particle separation means, 39 ... cooling water pump, 40 ... cooling device, 41 ... gas-liquid temperature detection means, 42 ... reforming temperature measuring means, 43 ... gas-liquid separator temperature control device.

Claims (9)

  A reformer that mixes heavy oil and reaction water and separates it into a heavy component and a light component, and a gas / liquid that separates the light component separated by this reformer into reformed gas and reformed oil A diesel engine facility comprising: a separator; and a diesel engine using the reformed gas and reformed oil separated by the gas-liquid separator as fuel.   A reformer that mixes heavy oil and reaction water and separates it into a heavy component and a light component, and a gas / liquid that separates the light component separated by this reformer into reformed gas and reformed oil A separator, a diesel engine that uses the reformed gas separated from the gas-liquid separator as a fuel, and a heavy component separated by the reformer from the diesel engine. A diesel engine facility comprising a heavy component combustion furnace that is combusted with exhaust gas, and configured to heat the heavy oil, the reaction water, and the reformer with the exhaust gas from the heavy component combustion furnace.   The diesel engine equipment according to claim 2, wherein the reformed gas separated by the gas-liquid separator is combusted in the heavy component combustion furnace.   The diesel engine equipment according to claim 2, wherein a particle separation device is provided downstream of the heavy component combustion furnace.   The diesel engine equipment according to claim 1, 2, 3, or 4, further comprising a gas turbine that uses the reformed gas separated by the gas-liquid separator as a fuel.   6. A diesel engine facility according to claim 1, further comprising a flare stack for burning part of the reformed gas and reformed oil separated by the gas-liquid separator. .   A reformer that mixes heavy oil and reaction water and separates it into a heavy component and a light component, and a gas / liquid that separates the light component separated by this reformer into reformed gas and reformed oil A separator, a diesel engine fueled by the reformed oil separated by the gas-liquid separator, a generator driven by the diesel engine, and a heavy component separated by the reformer in the diesel engine A heavy component combustion furnace for burning together with exhaust gas from the gas, a gas-liquid temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the gas-liquid separator, and a gas-liquid temperature for adjusting the temperature of the gas-liquid separator by the gas-liquid temperature detecting means Exhaust gas from the heavy component combustion furnace, comprising adjusting means and a gas-liquid separator temperature control device for adjusting the temperature by the gas-liquid temperature adjusting means based on the gas-liquid separator temperature by the gas-liquid temperature detecting means Add the heavy oil, reaction water and reformer. While, diesel engine equipment, characterized by being configured to adjust the production amount of the reformed gas from the gas-liquid separator by the temperature adjustment by the gas-liquid separator temperature controller.   A reformer that mixes heavy oil and reaction water and separates it into a heavy component and a light component, and a gas / liquid that separates the light component separated by this reformer into reformed gas and reformed oil A separator, a diesel engine fueled by the reformed oil separated by the gas-liquid separator, a generator driven by the diesel engine, and a heavy component separated by the reformer in the diesel engine A heavy component combustion furnace for burning together with exhaust gas from the gas, a gas-liquid temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the gas-liquid separator, and a gas-liquid temperature for adjusting the temperature of the gas-liquid separator by the gas-liquid temperature detecting means Adjusting means, reforming temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the reformer, output of the generator, reformer temperature by the reforming temperature measuring means, and gas-liquid separator temperature by the gas-liquid temperature adjusting means The temperature of the gas-liquid separator is adjusted based on A liquid separator temperature control device, heating the heavy oil, the reaction water and the reformer with the exhaust gas from the heavy component combustion furnace, and adjusting the temperature by the gas-liquid separator temperature control device. A diesel engine facility configured to adjust a generation amount of reformed gas from a separator.   A reformer that mixes heavy oil and reaction water and separates it into a heavy component and a light component, and a gas / liquid that separates the light component separated by this reformer into reformed gas and reformed oil A separator, a diesel engine using the reformed oil separated by the gas-liquid separator as a fuel, and a generator driven by the diesel engine, and reacts with the heavy oil with exhaust gas from the diesel engine A diesel engine facility configured to heat water and a reformer.

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