JP2006509612A - Manufacturing process of dental implant abutment tooth, dental implant using this abutment tooth and denture using dental implant - Google Patents

Abstract

【Task】
It is to provide a dental implant that can process a high-performance denture with little effort.
[Solution]
Axial tooth implant abutment that can be preferably screwed into the root or jaw and can be secured to the crown area by adhesive bonding, wherein the abutment tooth has at least one set different in shape Adhesive bonding to the abutment tooth, which is part of the prepared abutment tooth, each of which is suitable for the natural tooth shape, and preferably to the root or shaft and shaft crown area fixed to the jaw by screwing A tooth implant with an abutment tooth that can be fixed by a tooth implant, characterized in that the abutment tooth is embodied according to one of the preceding claims, and further the abutment tooth corresponding to the restoration tooth type is a set of abutment teeth And a process for producing a denture using an abutment tooth, characterized in that the abutment tooth is produced and provided with a further structure.

Description

The invention relates to an abutment tooth, in particular a dental implant use tooth claimed in the preamble of claim 1, the dental implant claimed in the preamble of claim 33 and the process claimed in the preamble of claim 34.

An object of the present invention is to provide a dental implant capable of processing a high-performance denture with little effort.

This object is achieved by the abutment tooth embodied in claim 1. The dental implant is embodied according to the preamble of claim 33. The denture manufacturing process is embodied according to claim 34.

A feature of one embodiment of the present invention is that, for example, each abutment tooth of an implant, that is, a set of at least abutment teeth composed of a plurality of abutment teeth different in shape to match the natural tooth of the implant composed of at least the abutment tooth and the shaft. It is a part. When preparing a denture, the abutment tooth is selected from a set of abutment teeth whose shape best matches the tooth to be restored using an implant. Further structures are provided directly on the selected abutment tooth or after fabrication of the abutment tooth.

The “structure” used in the present invention means, for example, a shell attached to the abutment tooth, that is, a ceramic baking shell, and forms the outer surface of the crown formed by the abutment tooth. The structure in the context of the present invention also relates to a separately manufactured denture element and is fixed to the abutment tooth which is the foundation. Such separately manufactured elements include, for example, a bridge element, a telescope, a bar, a separately manufactured shell or cover for a crown. The abutment tooth used is, for example, a size that can be manufactured to suit each shape.

In other embodiments of the present invention, the abutment teeth are made to match each tooth type using, for example, an axial model, graphic technology or a computer aided process, and each abutment tooth is matched to the replacement or restoration tooth type. Processed one by one.

“Matching the natural tooth shape” means making the abutment tooth of each abutment set based on the natural shape of the tooth. “Each tooth type” refers to the actual shape of the restoration tooth or restoration crown, and in particular corresponds to the existing teeth remaining in the patient.

The main advantage of each of these new anatomical abutments is that they are designed to match natural teeth, and both dentists and dental technicians are treated in a familiar way from the experience of natural teeth and their restoration. It can be done.

Each of these anatomic and physiologically designed abutments is composed of substantially three types of shapes corresponding to the functions of the teeth: the anterior teeth, the upper and lower molars and the molars.

Therefore, these abutment teeth are attributed to each type of tooth, as the dentist cuts the natural teeth or the dental technician sees the impression at the time of production. The difference between all three shape groups is substantially due to the tooth skeleton, and each tooth type and tooth type group has each abutment tooth, side, diameter, height, and rounded transition shape. It can be optimized by changing the size of the edge part design, convex part and concave part, parallel or diverging or converging structure and shape.

Therefore, based on natural teeth, the abutment is preferably an abutment-implant composite, a connecting surface (v) or typically a garland-type abutment base, with a fixed base height Or abutment height (SH), and the outer surface of the abutment tooth is preferably constructed to diverge and extend in the adjacent space or lip-cheek-palate-lingual soft tissue circumferential direction.

As a result, in some cases, a modification to parallel or converge the shape of the abutment tooth region is beneficial.

This foundation element has a flat or slightly uneven body structure with a uniquely rounded diameter, similar to a prepared tooth root, using sharp edges, round or flat or inclined or grooved steps in different depths. Then, it converges somewhat in the crown direction, and moves to a body or body part designed to match the basic shape of the replacement tooth or the preparation model of each tooth. The abutment tooth body moves from the crown tip region to the mastication region via a round edge. Corresponding to the natural tooth shape, the anterior abutment tooth of the cheek area preferably has a radius of curvature different in the near-distal and lip / tongue-palat area and has a rounded tip in all directions. Corresponding to the natural tooth shape, this is rounded, preferably in the tongue-palatal direction, into the nodule protuberance based on the physiological anatomical shape of the anterior teeth and preferably with a typical annulus step Go to the stage.

There are slight differences in embodiments relating to the use of lower anterior teeth, upper canines, or upper incisor abutments. This is probably mainly related to the fixable lips, tongue and palate and the diameter in the near-distal direction. Small teeth, such as lower incisors, have a long elliptical profile at the height of the passing structure starting with soft tissue. The canine and upper central incisors sometimes have a slightly round oval profile with a centrifugal convex shape.

For premolars and molars, the masticatory surface has two, three, four or five cusps depending on the natural shape of the teeth, and the cusps are concave, convex or straight due to the buttocks and V-shaped cuts of various angles In contact with each other at the transition part and the edge part.

In the cheek / palatus view, the premolars also have a single cusp shape that is on or transitions to the base / step margin of the round tip behind the body or body part.

In the lateral view, the premolars are characterized by the presence of cheeks and tongue-palatocus.

The cusp, surface transition and tip are preferably rounded and the flank is preferably convex. Concave and straight types are also possible.

Corresponding to this characteristic, the premolars preferably have two cusps, for example of the same height as or different from the maxillary teeth. However, the buccal cusp is usually higher than the lingual cusp in the mandibular premolar.

Contrary to premolar covering, the maxillary molar covering has four cusps and the mandibular molar covering can be up to five cusps. At the same time, the maxillary molar abutment has a trapezoidal or rounded square shape with a soft tissue height. The mandibular molar abutment is substantially rectangular and its marginal transition is truly round.

The maxillary molar preferably has 4 or 3 cusps, so that the mesial palatal cusp is the larger of all 4 and the distal palate cusp is optional (a variant of 3 cusps).

In the lower jaw, there are 4 or 5 cusps, which makes the 5 cusp deformity smaller than the distal buccal cusp.

Instead, each tooth profile is obtained very quickly by an additional combustion procedure, i.e. as a ceramic, so that the covering can have a rounded square or a truly round profile.

The covering is made of a high strength material, i.e. zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide or sintered metal, and preferably only a single material is used due to the need for visual and physical strength.

Each of these shapes allows dentists and dental technicians to treat implants and structures as natural teeth without spending extra time in the known process, as with natural tooth treatment.
[0026]
At the same time, all materials developed for natural tooth treatment and manufacturing, such as ceramic, can be used optimally as in the case of natural teeth. This is related not only to aesthetic reasons but also to the physiological criteria of strength, which significantly increases the durability of the treatment, ie the crown and implant.

Embodiments of the Invention

In the figure, 1 generally relates to a dental implant that is screwed and secured to the patient's jaw. For this purpose, the implant 1 is threaded and has a suitable material, ie a titanium root or shaft 2. In the crown region, the shaft 2 is provided with a bar 3 designed as a holding bar for fixing the cover 4 by adhesive bonding.

]
In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-3, the cover 4 is made of a high-strength material, such as zirconium oxide or aluminum oxide, which can be produced anyway with general dental tools.

The preparation cover 4 forms, for example, a crown base, that is, a ceramic shell 5 forming the outer surface of the crown is baked onto the preparation cover 4. Further, the created cover can be used as a foundation for other elements of a denture, for example, a foundation for a structure such as a bridge, a bridge element, a structure bar or a telescope.

The connection between the cover 4 and the implant 1 can be achieved in the illustrated embodiment, preferably only by adhesive bonding or cement bonding. By this, the bar 3 and the recess 6 that fits the shape of the bar 3 into which the bar fits cover a wide range of the bond between the cover 4 and the implant 1, and the adhesive bond and its strength are at least the shape of the cover 4 and the processing of the cover 4 Guarantee that it is substantially unrelated to the degree.

The use of the implant 1 and the corresponding cover 4 means that the implant 1 is first screwed into the patient's jaw and is fixed in such a way that it is accessible to the bar 3 even after the healing phase. Later, using conventional techniques, for example, taking an impression of the patient's upper or lower jaw and using this impression and the covering 4 taken with this impression, a denture, for example, a crown corresponding to the restored tooth shape is made. If necessary for this purpose, the cover can be manufactured in a dental lab, or the ceramic shell 5 forming the outer surface of the crown can be baked on the cover, or other structures can be manufactured as a base for the preparation cover 4. The denture manufactured in the dental laboratory is placed on the bar 3 of the treatment shaft 2 and fixed with an adhesive or cement. The cover 4 overlaps with the implant crown region and the conical bar 3 in order to obtain a particularly strong bond.

In general, the cover 4 is fixed on the bar 3 after the shaft is healed, and the cover 4 can be formed after the affected area is cured with the adhesive, and as a result, the cover is used as a prepared tooth mp tooth residual root as usual. Bonding of the production cover 4 and the separately manufactured structure is carried out in the usual manner, for example using a suitable adhesive, a suitable plastic cement or cement.

Independently of the method described above for the use of the implant according to the invention, in a particular embodiment of the invention, the covering 4 is prefabricated on the basis of the natural tooth profile in order to reduce the general costs of labor, production or preparation.

In a possible first embodiment, the cover has a shape suitable for each tooth type.

As shown in FIG. 1, each cover 4 is designed on the outside by a step 12 with a base on the side facing the tooth root or shaft so that the base corresponding to the position d in FIG. 4 is a garland type, that is, a plurality of convex types. The tooth root portion or shaft (base) extends on the cover shaft and can show a wide variety of shapes corresponding to the position ac in FIG. 4 irrespective of the further shape of the cover 4. In the position a, the transition part 12 to the shell surface of the cover 4 is a groove type, in the position b is a rectangular type, and the transition part 13 in the position c is designed as an inclined surface. The stages themselves can have different shapes, for example inwardly conical, circular or outwardly conical. In this figure, the height of each stage 12 designated as SH varies depending on the cover 4. Further steps are rounded as shown in 12.1 or inclined and convex as shown in 12.2. The same applies to the step depth ST from the similarity, that is, the radial distance from the outer surface of the cover 4 to the outer surface of the step 12. This step depth is at least 0.1 to 0.2 mm, preferably 0.5 mm. The bottom of the cover 4 or its base is designated 12.3.

FIG. 5 shows the general shape of the cover 4 as seen from above. As shown in this figure, the cover 4 has depressions and dents on the two side surfaces that complement each other in the near-centrifugal direction, that is, on the two adjacent side surfaces of the dentition when the cover is placed.

The following FIGS. 6 to 9 are examples of different coverings suitable for natural tooth molds, showing a side view, a front view (cross section) and several plan views, respectively.

FIG. 6 shows a cover 4.1 suitable for an incisor. When viewed from the side, this covering has a flame-shaped outer shape, and therefore starts from the apex of the palatal tongue and first bends into a recess and becomes convex before shifting to the stage or step forming area. On the lip side, the cover is slightly convex or straight.

When viewed from the front, the covering has the shape indicated by position b, i.e. has parallel walls on both sides or is slightly convex and widens from the tip to the stage or step 12. At the tip 15, the cover 4.1 is flat or straight or convex as indicated by the dotted line. Covering 4.1 is particularly suitable for use in incisors and canine areas.

A side view, a front view, and a plan view of a cover 4.2 having a shape suitable for a natural premolar tooth are shown at positions ac in FIG. The covering starts at the apex 15 of the covering 4.2, which has two cusps that are balanced with each other in the cheek-oral direction and separated by a buttocks-type depression, has a curved round outer surface, and is gradually or concavely rounded or rectangular The transition unit 13 shifts to stage 12. The capping may be flat, as indicated by the dotted line at position b, or the top may be substantially flat. In the front view (position c) of the cover 4.2, the short side of the cross section in the near-centrifugal direction has an ellipse or a long ellipse. There are recesses 14 on both sides opposite to the cover 4.2.

FIG. 8 shows a side view, a front view and a plan view of a cover 4.3 suitable for natural molars at positions a and c. The cover has four cusps on the top and complements each other in the near-distal direction and the buccal-oral direction. The diameter of the outer circumference of the substantially rectangular cover 4.3 with a rounded corner as viewed from the apex starts from the top 15 of the cover and increases toward the transition part 13 in a step 12 or slightly convex manner.

FIG. 9 shows a cheek and palate view suitable for an upper molar of an anatomical shape at positions a1 and a2, and a plan view at positions b1 and b2.

Furthermore, the cover is designed so as to fit each corresponding shaft 2. The shaft 2 has different diameters depending on the incisor, canine, premolar and molar, and the diameter varies from 3.0 to 12.0 mm. Depending on the diameter of the implant shaft 2, the diameter of the shaft 3 varies.

The covering base that forms the covering is always based on the natural tooth pattern. This allows, for example, at least some or all of the coverings to have several sizes, for example providing different sets of prepared coverings of different sizes.

Compared with the natural tooth profile, the covering size can be reduced by a certain dimension, for example between 0.1 and 2.5 mm, so that the dimension can be reduced to a single crown shell, bridge element, telescope, etc. The thickness of general materials is not exceeded. Details are shown in the table below.

Example 1

Further examples are described in connection with FIGS. 10-15 and the tables. The overlay shown in each of these figures is dimensioned and applies to the following legends and tables.

A1 = Covering diameter at the apex or tip in the lip view A2 = Covering diameter at the tooth nodule starting height in the side view B = Covering diameter at the center of the front and premolar cover; Transfer of the cusp to the cover in the molar Department.
C = Diameter of the step or base area D = Diameter of the maximum circumference of the stage or base area E0 = Lower point of the flower ring type stage and the top and side surfaces of the front teeth and premolars in the lips, cheeks, tongue and palate views Or measured height F between the tips F = measured height between the highest point of the annulus stage and the peak apex G1 = muchal cusp distance from the cheek-palat / lingual view G2 = molars from the near-distal view Molar cusp distance H1 = depth of buttocks formed by the cusp on the peak of premolars

Especially for premolars, E1 = cheek cusp height viewed from the side E2 = palate cusp height viewed from the side

For covering over molars, cheek view:
E3 = Measurement height between stage and buccal cusp E4 = Measurement height between stage and distal buccal cusp
E7 = Measurement height between stage and mesial palate / lingual cusp E8 = Measurement height between stage and distal palate / lingual cusp
E5 = Measurement height between stage and mesial buccal cusp E6 = Measurement height between stage and mesial palate / lingual cusp
E9 = Measurement height between the stage and the distal buccal cusp E10 = Measurement height between the stage and the distal palate / lingual cusp H2 = Depth of the cheek or palate / lingual view H3 = From near-centrifugal direction In the side view of FIG. 1, especially for the incisor, I = height of the tooth nodule starting point L = the height of the tooth nodule end point The values described in the table below can vary from ± 0.1 to 3.0 mm.

The step height or the distance between the garland-type coupling or the coupling surface for the implant shaft and the garland-type step is 0.2 to 0.6 mm.

In general, the covering length or diameter is such that the covering thickness remains at least 0.1 to 0.2 mm, preferably 0.4 to 0.8 mm. The covering length is always the covering length from the tip to the stage.

FIG. 16 shows a simplified view of a further possible embodiment for a paddle abutment implant having a shaped pile 16 that fits into the recess of the axis 2a corresponding to the axis 2. FIG.

In the above, each covering 4 not only has various shapes suitable for the natural tooth type, but also assumed several sets of coverings of different sizes for this purpose which differ only slightly from the size of the natural teeth.

In general, however, the covering 4 is suitable for the natural tooth shape, but its size can be reduced compared to a natural tooth that is considerably thicker than the minimum material thickness required for the shell and other structures. These coverings correspond to coverings 4a-4h, for example, but they are only reduced in size as compared with coverings 4a-4h. This reduced version generally requires no preparation. However, the covering can be used in a similar manner as described for coverings 4a-4h so that each shape of the restored teeth can be obtained with a baked shell or an increased wall thickness structure.

In the above, it is assumed that the implant 1 always uses the covering 4 or 4a or an abutment tooth suitable for the processed natural tooth shape.

However, it is possible to manufacture the cover 4 in view of further structures (ie burned ceramic shells, separately manufactured structures, etc.), so that the cover is used from the beginning, ie using a wax model or a camera to suit each tooth type. Alternatively, the computer-aided design (CAD) method using computer tomography (CT) method or other suitable method can be adapted to the reduced shape.

FIG. 17 shows a special situation in which two implants 1 are fixed to the patient's jaw with a very divergent longitudinal axis L. FIG. The bridge is pressed against both implants 1 and fixed. The GA designates a coaxial axis that is coplanar with the branch longitudinal axis L of the two implants 1 and whose bridge coincides with the pressing direction of the two implants 1 or the correction covering 8 thereof. For example, the axis GA is a bisector of two branched vertical axes L.

In order to enable this, in the illustrated embodiment, the correction cover 8 on the implant has a conical shape with a truncated top, but is asymmetric with respect to each longitudinal axis, and the conicity of each correction cover surface 9 is coaxial GA. The outward shell surface 9 away from the outer region 9.1 is wider at the outer shell surface 9 region 9.2 facing the coaxial GA. The outer zone 9.1 extends at least parallel to the coaxial axis GA, preferably slightly conically at an angle of 2-8 degrees, so that the bridge or bridge element can be pressed onto the correction cover 8 for fixing the axis 2. The correction cover is made of the same material as the cover 4 and is connected to the shaft 2 or the bar 3 there in the same way as the cover 4. The fact that the corrected cover surface 9 is asymmetric with respect to the vertical axis L described is that there is a sufficient material thickness for each corrective cover even though the outer region 9.1 is parallel to the axis GA.

The correction covers 8 are manufactured one by one, for example, by the method described above for the individual manufacture of the cover 4. Furthermore, various corrected shapes and sizes suitable for natural teeth, that is, processed correction covers 8 that can be used as correction covers can be used. Each cover 8 is made so that the outer region 9.1 is parallel to the axis GA or is somewhat conical. The correction cover is manufactured in a dental laboratory, for example a further structure is fixed to the correction cover, or the dentist is manufactured in the affected area after the correction cover is fixed to the healing shaft 2, for example.

FIG. 18 shows a simplified cross-sectional view of the upper jaw together with a fixed implant composed of a cover 18 in which the shaft 2 and the crown 19 are located. The covering 18 is made of the same material as the coverings 4 and 8, for example, and serves as an angle correction of the shaft. design. As a result, the shaft 2 can be optimally fixed to the maxilla 20, and at the same time, even if the crown 19 and the covering axis KA are the same as the longitudinal axis L of the implant, the crown 18.1 shown in FIG. Can be placed correctly. The cover with shaft angle correction is illustrated in a shape suitable for the front teeth. Of course, other covers having an axis correction angle are also conceivable. Preferably, the caps 18 are made one by one for specific applications and patients.

FIG. 20 shows a cover 4.5 that is substantially different from the cover 4.1 as a further possible embodiment, but in terms of its shape, it corresponds to a uniform reduction of the natural tooth mold shown in FIG. To do.

FIG. 21 shows a cover 4.6 as a possible embodiment, where the cover body 4.6.1 is made so that the outer surface starts at stage 2 or the base 2.3 and tapers straight upwards.

The shaft 2, the cover 4, the correction cover 8, the shaft angle correction cover 18 and the further structural materials on each cover are generally the best choices for chemical composition, mechanical stability and strength and biocompatibility. Suitable materials are various metals and metal alloys such as, for example, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, sintered metals and ceramics, platinum-iridium, pure gold, galvanized gold or baked metal alloys. Furthermore, the coating layer and the shell can be manufactured by sputtering, sintering, molding or the like.

The layer thickness of the cover 4 depends on the material selection. For example, in the aluminum oxide cover 4, the layer thickness is 0.4 to 1.2 mm. For example, in the zirconium oxide cover 4, the layer thickness is between 0.2 and 0.8 mm.

In order to obtain the strongest possible coupling between the shaft 2 and the respective covers 4 and 8, the surface of the coupling with the cover shaft, particularly the receiving recess 6 of the bar 3 as shown in FIG. To do. The surface treatment layer indicated by 10 in the figure is formed by a method in which the cover 4 is optimally bonded to the adhesive used, for example, etching, silicate coating or laser treatment. Layer 10 may also be a binder layer, such as an easily etched layer, such as silicon oxide.

Layer 10 is covered with an easily removable surface protective layer, such as an adhesive layer that can be removed with calcium oxide, water or acid.

Basically, the shaft 2 or the bar 3 can be appropriately pretreated or appropriately provided with a binder layer so as to optimally bond with the adhesive.

Furthermore, the pretreatment surface 10 and the corresponding binder layer can be protected purely by mechanical means, for example in the form of a protective covering, a protective sheath or a removable foil, thereby creating an adhesive bond between the implant and the covering simultaneously. It can be used to stop the use of adhesives or prevent adhesion to the surface.

Any protective layer is primarily located on the outer surface of the base element, i.e. the lower area of each covering and / or the outer surface of the crown part of the shaft 2 or 2a.

Further, when the cover 4, 8 or 18 is not pretreated, the bonding surface with the shaft 2 can be pretreated so as to obtain an optimum adhesive bond by etching, for example, when the cover is bonded. In this case, the cover 4 or 8 has, for example, an etchable ceramic on at least the adhesive bonding surface.

Axis 2 and / or cover 4 or 8 are growth factors and / or fungicides, bacilli, healing promoters, i.e. P15, bone morphogenetic protein 1-7 (BMP1-7), modified tetracycline, to promote the healing process, Treat with antibiotics such as fibrin, CHX concentrate, amoxicillin. Independently or in addition, a healing covering made of a material that can be removed or absorbed during the healing process, preferably an elastic covering, can be used. This healing cover is preferably anatomically correct to the recent stimulus optimization crown profile and also includes means such as growth factors and drugs to improve the healing process.

The invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments. It goes without saying that further improvements and modifications can be made without abandoning the underlying idea on which the present invention is based.

上側切歯

上犬歯

Table 1 Lip view-Anterior teeth-Upper maxillary central incisors

Upper incisor

Upper canine

上小臼歯２号

Table 2 Cheek and palate view-premolar-maxillary premolar 1

Upper premolar 2

上臼歯２号

Table 3 Cheek and palate view-molars-maxillary maxilla 1

Upper molar 2

下側切歯

下犬歯

Table 4 Lip view-incisors-mandibular incisors

Lower incisor

Lower canine

下小臼歯２号

Table 5 Cheek and tongue view-premolar-mandibular premolar 1

Lower premolar 2

下臼歯２号

下臼歯３号

Table 6 Cheek and tongue view-molars-mandibular molar 1

Lower molars 2

Lower molar 3

上側切歯

上犬歯

Table 7 Side view-front teeth-maxillary central incisors

Upper incisor

Upper canine

上小臼歯２号

Table 8 Side view-premolar-maxillary premolar 1

Upper premolar 2

上臼歯２号

Table 9 Side view-molar-maxilla / near-distal upper molar 1

Upper molar 2

下側切歯

下犬歯

Table 10 Side view-Anterior teeth-Mandibular incisors

Lower incisor

Lower canine

下小臼歯２号

Table 11 Side view-premolar-mandibular premolar 1

Lower premolar 2

下臼歯２号

下臼歯３号

Table 12 Side view-molar-mandible / near-distal molar 1

Lower molars 2

Lower molar 3

The invention is described in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the figures.
1 shows a simplified view of an implant with an abutment tooth embodied according to the invention as a production cover. Fig. 2 shows the implant of Fig. 1 with a production cover and a ceramic shell baked on the cover. Fig. 3 shows a possible embodiment diagram similar to Fig. 2, but further possible. Fig. 2 shows various possible cover step shapes suitable for the natural dental mold for the implant of Fig. 1; Fig. 2 shows a simplified plan view of a cover according to the present invention. Fig. 4 shows a different shape covering according to the invention. Fig. 4 shows a different shape covering according to the invention. Fig. 4 shows a different shape covering according to the invention. Fig. 4 shows a different shape covering according to the invention. A simple view of anterior tooth covering in lip view is shown. The side view of the cover of FIG. 10 is shown. It shows the covering for premolars in the cheek / palatium or tongue view. The side view of the cover of FIG. 12 is shown. Shown is a similar covering for molars in cheek / palate or tongue view. The side view in the near-centrifugation of the cover of FIG. 14 is shown. Fig. 4 shows a simplified diagram of a further possible embodiment of the invention. 1 shows an implant according to the invention with a correction covering. Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a covered maxilla with an implant and with an axial angle correction. 18 is a simplified cross-sectional view of the cover of FIG. 18 with a similar cover without axial angle correction. 2 shows two further possible embodiments of an abutment tooth designed as a cover. Figure 2 shows two further possible embodiments of an abutment designed as a cover. 1 shows a simplified cross-sectional view of a cover according to the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Implant
1a Implant 2 Implant root axis
2a Implant root shaft 3 Holding rod 4 Cover 4a Cover 4.1 Cover shape 4.2 Cover shape 4.3 Cover shape 5 Baking layer or shell 6 Covered dent 7 Another structure 8 on the cover 4 Correction cover 9 Correction Cover shell surface 9.1 Outer region 9.1 Inner region 10 Surface treatment generation layer 11 Protective layer 12 Stage 13 Transition portion 14 Tapered portion 15 Cover tip 16 Molding bar 17 Depression 18 Cover with shaft angle correction or abutment tooth 19 Crown 20 Maxilla SH SH Stage height ST Stage depth L Implant longitudinal axis GA Coaxial axis of two bifurcated longitudinal implant axes K Abutment body V Abutment implant composite surface

Claims (37)

With an abutment for a dental implant with a shaft (2) which can be preferably screwed into the root or jaw and can be secured to the abutment tooth (4, 4a, 8, 18), i.e. fixed to the crown area by adhesive bonding An abutment tooth characterized in that the abutment teeth (4, 4a, 8, 18) are part of at least one set of prepared abutment teeth having different shapes, and each is suitable for a natural tooth type. The abutment tooth claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the abutment tooth (4, 4a, 8, 18) has a different size for each set and is characterized by several different abutment teeth, each suitable for a natural tooth. Abutment tooth claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the abutment tooth (4, 8, 18) corresponds to a reduced shape of a natural anterior tooth, premolar or molar. The abutment set has a smaller number of differently shaped abutments (4, 4a, 8, 18), such as natural anterior teeth, premolars, or abutments corresponding to a reduced shape of molars. An abutment tooth claimed in one of the claims. One of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment tooth (4, 4a, 8, 18) is smaller than the natural tooth mold by a dimension less than or equal to the further structural wall thickness provided on the abutment tooth. Requested abutment tooth. The abutment tooth claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the external shape of each abutment tooth (4, 8) is reduced by about 0.1 to 2.5 mm compared to the natural tooth outline. The abutment tooth claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment tooth is made of aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, metal or high strength material. An abutment tooth claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the aluminum oxide abutment tooth wall thickness is at least 0.2 to 1.2 mm. The abutment tooth claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall thickness of the abutment tooth made of zirconium oxide is at least 0.15 to 0.8 mm. One of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crown area of the implant shaft consists of a bar or rod-like projection and the abutment tooth (4, 4a, 8, 18) has a recess (6) suitable for this bar shape. Abutment tooth charged to. The abutment teeth (4, 4a, 8, 18) have a bonding surface with the implant shaft (2) for adhesive bond optimization, in particular mechanical roughening, binding reagents for etching and / or adhesive bonding. An abutment tooth as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is pretreated by application of an active layer that reacts with. The abutment tooth claimed in claim 11, characterized by a protective layer covering the surface treatment layer. An abutment as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment is designed to etch the adhesive bonding surface with the implant shaft, i.e. consists of an etchable surface layer, i.e. silicon oxide. An abutment tooth as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment tooth, ie the prepared abutment tooth, is a foundation for an additional structure. The abutment tooth (4), that is, the prepared abutment tooth (4), is a base of a crowned crown formed by baking, forming or sintering the abutment tooth, for example, a baked ceramic. The abutment tooth claimed in claim 14. Abutment tooth according to claim 14, characterized in that the abutment tooth, i.e. the prepared abutment tooth, is a separately manufactured structure, for example a base for a separately manufactured shell or crown, bridge element, telescope or bar. . The abutment tooth (8) is manufactured as a correction cover with a truncated cone-shaped crown area, and the shell surface differs in two locations (9.1, 9.2) opposite to the longitudinal implant axis (L). An abutment tooth as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crown shell surface (9) is asymmetric with respect to the longitudinal axis of the implant. Abutment tooth as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment tooth (4, 4a, 8, 18) is covered. An abutment tooth as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment tooth axis forms an angle with the longitudinal axis of the implant or root (2, 2a), for example up to 20 degrees. Abutment tooth as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base or stage of the abutment tooth has a garland-type step and the lowest point of this step is the cheek-tongue and the tongue-palat. 21. The abutment tooth as claimed in claim 20, wherein the cheek-lip distance between the lowest point of the garland-shaped step and the tip of the abutment tooth is different from the corresponding palate-tongue distance. The abutment tooth as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a protective layer or a protective sheath covering the outer surface of the abutment tooth base and / or the shaft (2) on the outer surface of the crown is present. An abutment as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment and / or the shaft are provided with growth factors and / or healing-promoting substances, such as bactericides or bactericides or drugs. Abutment tooth as claimed in one of the preceding claims (Figure 20), wherein each anatomical structure shape corresponds to a uniform reduction of the natural tooth profile. An abutment tooth as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment tooth profile is stylized, has a straight surface and rounded edges and is more or less roughly equivalent to a reduced replacement tooth. One of the preceding claims, characterized in that the height between the premolar and molar cusp in the maxilla / mandible and the flower ring base (12.3) and stage (12) is absolutely or relatively different Abutment tooth. The abutment tooth claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment tooth shape in plan view is similar to the corresponding natural tooth in the soft tissue passage area and the base (12.3) area in the following points: .
Maxilla # 1: Near-centrifugal and cheek / palat with approximately the same diameter, round or square convex in the centrifugal direction;
Upper jaw 2: Same as upper jaw 1, but slightly more elliptical in the lip-palate direction;
Maxilla 3: Centrifugal convex spheroid;
Maxilla # 4: Double ellipse / Figure 8 shape;
Maxilla 5: flat oval;
Lower jaw No. 1 and No. 2: Same as above, with a triangle and reduced in the palate direction;
Lower jaw # 3: similar and slightly rounder;
Mandible Nos. 4 and 5: Oval flat and slightly triangular in cheek direction;
Mandible 6/7/8: Rectangle with a round or rectangular shape. An abutment tooth as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the foundation profile is straight, convex, concave, parallel, branched or convergent with respect to soft tissue. An abutment tooth as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the outer surface of the abutment tooth of the body region coincides with the typical curvature of the tooth. One of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment tooth is provided with a stylized composite layer or tooth color layer, each elastically or anatomically soft, and can immediately replace a loadable crown. Abutment tooth. Abutment tooth as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance between the garland-type stage and the garland-type foundation joint surface (2.3) and the implant is 0.2 to 6 mm. An abutment tooth as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the covering is at least part of a covering including the following coverings.

Preferably, a tooth root or an abutment tooth with an abutment tooth (4, 4a, 8, 18) that can be fixed to the crown (2) and the crown (2) crown region by screwing and fixed to the jaw by screwing. Dental implant characterized in that (4, 4a, 8, 18) is embodied according to one of the preceding claims. The abutment tooth (4) corresponding to the restoring tooth type is selected from the abutment tooth set, and the abutment tooth (4) is manufactured and provided with a further structure (5, 7). Denture manufacturing process using abutment teeth according to one of the terms. 35. The process as claimed in claim 34, characterized in that the shell (5) forming the outer surface of the crown is suitable, i.e., baked, for the crown foundation preparation tooth. Process as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a separately manufactured additional structure (7) is secured to the abutment tooth (4) after manufacture. A process as claimed in one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the abutment teeth are produced individually according to the restoration teeth.

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